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Seismic Data

Geophysics

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76 views6 pages

Seismic Data

Geophysics

Uploaded by

Aamir Lokhandwala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.

org/

[ntoduct
on t $e smc [nvesJ on Methods

Part 11 - Velocity

Inversion

B an Russe ]

PART 11 - VEI:OCITY INVERSION

Page 11 -

Introduction to Seismic Inversion Methods

Brian Russell

Part 11 - Veloci..tyI.n.v.
ersi on
__

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/

11.1

! ntroduc ti on
The

last

inversion.

topic to be discussedin these notes is the topic of velocity

Alth

acutally

fit

ough this technique is

referred

to as inversion, it does not

in to the narrower category of inversion techniques that we have

been dtscussing in this course. These techniqueshaveall involved inputting

a stacked, or unstacked, seismic dataset and inverting to a velocity


depth section.

seismic

The output of

section

amplitudes,

the

velocity

inversion

properly positioneU in depth, but still

and still

band-limiteU.

versus

described here is the

plotted

as seismic

As such this technique is closer

to that

of depth migration.

In

this

section,

we will

inversion, and then look at a

this

at

few examples.

the theory of

summary. Our discussion here will

11

- Velocity

Inversion

and

there

follow

velocity

An excellent review article

subject is given in Bleistein and Cohen(1982).

theory of the method is reviewed

Part

look briefly

is

In this

article,

also an extensive

on

the

literature

that article.

Page 11 -

Introduction to Seismic Inversion Methods

Brian Russell

KII.OFET

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/

-2

-1

KILOFEET

-2

-I

(a)
Figure 11.1

(b)

The effect of the velocity inversion methodon synthetic

data. (a) A "buried focus"effect, (b) The output from


the velocity

inversion

method.

(Bleistein

KILOFEET
o

-1

C)

and Cohen 1982 )

KILOFEET
o

ii'1
uJ
LL
m

o
....

(a)
Figure 11.2

(b)

A second example of the effect

synthetic data.

of velocity

inversion on

(a) Input section with diffraction,

(b) Output from velocity

inversion.
(Bleistein

and Cohen

1982 )

......

Part 11 - Velocity

Inversion

Page 11 -

Introduction

to Seismic

Inversion

Methods

Brian

Russell

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/

11.2 Theory and .Examples

The velocity inversion procedure is referred to as an inverse

scattering

problem, in which the interior of the earth is mapped by inver.ting the


observations from multiple acoustic sources. (This is a long way of saying
that the seismic

section

is

inverted!)

method is the acoustic wave equation.

and classical migration is

that

Thus,

the

point for this

The difference between this

perturbation

techniques

transforms are used rather than downwardcontinuation


The initial

starting

technique

and integral

of the wave equation.

work in this area was done by NormanBleistein

and Jack Cohen

at the University of Denver. In their initial


paper, Cohenand Bleistein
(197g), they employed only a perturbation technique in the inversion of
seismic data. In simple terms, this technique involves using a constant
velocity in the wave equation, perturbing this constant velocity by a small
amount, and then, by observing the backscattered wavefield, solving for the
perturbed velocity.

This methodsolves for only the reflection

strength

of

the mappedinterfaces.

In their morerecent paper, Bleistein


solution

was proposed which al.so solves for

refraction.
inversion

and Cohen(1982), a moreaccurate

Clayton and Stolt


of

seismic

data.

(1981)
Their

transmission losses

and

have applied a similar methodto the

method is referred

to as

the

Born-WKBJ

method, and thus this approach to inversion is often cal led Born inversion.

Despite the differences in the mathematicsbetweenthe velocity inversion


methodsand migration methods, the results look very similar to those of

migration. For example,Figure 11.1, fromBleistein andCohen(1982), shows


the input an inverted

result

for

a g-D buried focus.

Note that, as in

migration, the "bow-tie" has been imagedto a synclinal feature.

Part 11 - Velocity

Inversion

Page 11 -

Introduction

o Seismic Inversion

q ! ()f!. []

I,;,(11). iJ

ll;11]ll. ()

Methods

I I 3l)!]. l,

Brian Russell

I ;i'llroll. IJ.

I I,I O0. II

I I11.)[11J. fl

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/

(a)

qlOO
.-.,,

6500

8900

I 1 300
-

1 37.r.,P

16' ,'!..[]

18bG

c)

(b)

Figure 11.3

The effect

of velocity

inversion on real data.

(a) Input section (MarathonOil),

() Output section.
(Bleistein

Part 11 - Velocity Inversion

and Cohen 1982)

Page11 -

Introduction to Seismic Inversion Methods

Brian Russell

Downloaded 09/21/14 to 199.6.131.16. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/

Figure 11.2, also from Bleistein and Cohen (1982), showstle velocity
inversion of a diffraction tail from a geological discontinuity. Notice that
the diffraction tail has been "collapsea", again as in migration.

Finally, Figure 11.3 showsan example of applying the velocity inversion


techniqueto a real dataset. Again, note the similarity with classical depth
migration. The fact that this section is plotted as wiggle trace only makes
the plot di fficul t to evaluate.

In summary,this technique cannotbe classed with the other methodswhich


have been discussed in this'course due to its similarity with depth migration.
However, research in'this
area is continuing at a steady pace, and the
technique promises much for the future.

Part

11 - Velocity

I nversion

Page11 -

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