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Furniture History

Furniture is movable objects used to furnish interior spaces for living and working. Common furniture includes tables, chairs, desks, beds, and storage pieces. Furniture has evolved over time based on materials available and cultural influences. Ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece developed basic furniture forms that still exist today. Styles continued developing through periods like Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Modernism. Furniture serves many functions and can be classified by use, functionality, form, materials, and manufacturing process. It remains an important part of interior design and daily life.

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891 views44 pages

Furniture History

Furniture is movable objects used to furnish interior spaces for living and working. Common furniture includes tables, chairs, desks, beds, and storage pieces. Furniture has evolved over time based on materials available and cultural influences. Ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece developed basic furniture forms that still exist today. Styles continued developing through periods like Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, and Modernism. Furniture serves many functions and can be classified by use, functionality, form, materials, and manufacturing process. It remains an important part of interior design and daily life.

Uploaded by

Vijaya Sethi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Furniture ?

Furniture is objects of applied arts intended for mobile and


permanent furnishing of residential interiors.
The movable articles that are used to make a room or
building suitable for living or working in, such as tables,
chairs, or desks
Among other things, it serves for storage, work, eating,
sitting, lying down, sleeping and relaxing.
Furniture can be used individually in sets.

HISTORY

Ancient Furniture History & Design


After the retreat of the last ice age, the hunter-gatherer
communities of the Stone Age gradually began to
acquire the skills of agriculture, and civilizations were
born.
No longer perpetually on the move in an endless search
for food, families were able to build homes and acquire
possessions.
Although much ancient art such as pottery and jewelry
survives from the earliest civilizations, ancient furniture
was mostly wooden, and has long since rotted away.
Our knowledge of ancient furniture is mainly derived
from scenes depicted in early art forms, such as pottery
decorations and frescos. Perhaps the earliest furniture in
existence is that found at Catal Huyuk in Turkey that

Stone furniture from Neolithic Age


at Orkney islands(3100 2500 BC)

The tribes of that were forced to use stone because of the shortage of w

Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians formed the first of the great
classical civilizations. While most of Europe was still in
the Stone Age, the Egyptians were building palaces,
studying mathematics and writing on papyrus.
They were great builders and great artists, drawing the
inspiration for their art from nature.
Beds, stools, throne chairs, and boxes were the
main of furnitures in ancient Egypt.
Although only a few important examples of actual
furniture survive, stone carvings, fresco paintings,
and models made as funerary offerings present rich
documentary evidence.

Wall art work

Chair depicted on
Egyptian pottery

Head Rest Wood/Ivory

Both simple as well as ornate furniture


were found from excavation s

Greek Furniture

KLISMOS
Ancient Greek furniture design can be dated back to the 2nd millennium BC,
including the famous klismos chair.
Influenced by Egyptians initially but later became flowy and Curvy.

In ancient Greek homes, thecouch, used for reclining by day


and as a bed by night, held an important place.
The earliest couches probably resembled Egyptian beds in
structure and style.

Animal Legged furniture were typical of Greek f

Roman Furniture
Principal furniture forms were couches, chairs with and without arms,
stools, tables, chests, and boxes.

Medieval Furniture
The medieval period was a stark and somewhat crude, and that is
reflected in the furniture styles of the era.

Ornate Wood Carvings


Rectangular or square
Grey , Beige or Black

Renaissance Furniture

Ornated and Guilded

17th century: theBaroquestyle


Large wardrobes, cupboards, and cabinets had twisted
columns, broken pediments, and heavy moldings. In
Baroque furniture the details are related to the whole;
instead of a framework of unrelated surfaces, each detail
contributes to the harmonious movement of the overall
design.

Art Nouveau Furniture

The name "Art Nouveau" is French for 'new art.


The style was said to be influenced strongly by
the lithographs of Czech artist Alphonse Mucha,
whose flat imagery with strong curved lines was
seen as a move away from the academic art of
the time.
Art Nouveau furniture used lines and curves as
graphical ornamentation and hard woods and
iron were commonly used to provide strong yet
slim supporting structures to a furniture pieces.

Art Nouveau Furniture

Art Deco Furniture


The Art Deco movement began in
Paris in the 1920s and it represented
elegance, glamour, functionality and
modernity. Art deco's linear symmetry
was a distinct departure from the
flowing asymmetrical organic curves
of its predecessor style art nouveau.

Modern
After the late 19th century, furniture design in the West
was divided into two main categories: revivals of past
stylesonly occasionally precise reproductions, more
often free adaptations; and various expressions of
changing modern life.

Functionalist Movement
About 1925, a new rationality began in furniture design, stimulated
by the emergence of progressive experiments typified in the works
and theories of the Bauhaus, a revolutionary German school of arts
and crafts established in 1919 and staffed by leading architects,
designers, and painters until Hitler closed it in 1933.
Bauhaus instruction used crafts as experimental techniques and
trained students to design for mass production. Low price levels,
maximum utility, good quality, and simple, clear forms were
considered essentials of well-designed consumer goods.
Tubular chrome-plated metal, black Bakelite, and large unframed
planes of glass were typical. Much furniture used at midcentury in
reception rooms, terraces, kitchens, or dining alcoves derived from
Bauhaus originals. The availability of wood in Scandinavia led, in the
1930s, to similar rational, modern furniture, using a variety of
laminatingtechniques. Related, more ambitious experiments in
three-dimensional molding of wood laminates were undertaken in
the United States around 1940. Then wartime austerity enforced a

COMMERCIAL MODERN
Most modern furniture designed between 1930 and 1940 was
bulky, bulbous, glowingly coloured, glossily finished, and rich
with hardware or shiny fabric. It pleased the public but not
critics and connoisseurs.

Furniture in India
Influence from west.
Inaccurate but skilled and imaginative.
Indo European Style inspired the west later.

A characteristic feature of a set is that the individual furniture pieces


or suites were
created independently of each other and were not the product of a
coherent idea of
one designer or team of designers.

Classification of
Furniture
Furniture belongs
to the group of objects of applied arts,
and many of them have
similar structural, technological, functional, operational
and aesthetic features.
purposeaccording to the place of use,
can be classified on the to
basis
following
criteria:
Itfunctionalityaccording
theof
nature
of human
activity
associated with
this or other type of furniture piece,
form and constructiondefining the form and technical
solutions of the furniture
piece, their mutual influence on each other and on the
surrounding
environment,
technologydetermining the type of materials used,
type of treatment, the
method of manufacture of the product and the methods of
finishing the surface
and

Groups of Furniture According to Their


Purpose

In terms of purpose, i.e. the conditions and nature of use,


furniture can be divided
into three distinct groups. For furnishing:
offices and public buildings (office furniture, school
furniture, dorm furniture,
hotel furniture, cinema furniture, hospital furniture, canteen
furniture, common
room furniture, etc.),
residential rooms in multi-family and free-standing
This division
extremely important, especially when
buildings
(flatisfurniture,
shaping furniture,
the technical
kitchen
bathroom furniture, garden furniture) and
assumptions
for afurniture,
new product.
requirements
and

transport (ship
train The
furniture,
aircraft furniture).
conditions of use included in
the design and manufacturing process are different for ship
furniture, different for
office furniture and different for hospital or school furniture.

Groups of Furniture According to Their Functionality


In terms of functionality, furniture can be divided into the
following groups:
for sitting and lounging,
for reclining,
for working and eating meals,
for learning,
for storage,
multifunctional furniture and
complementary furniture.

A group of furniture for sitting and lounging comprises


typical chairs, tabourets, stools, pouffes and bar stools,
which do not or only partially provide support for the
users back , as well as armchairs, sofas, chaise lounges
and corner sofas, supporting the whole body or its major
part

Groups of Furniture According to Technology


By creating a division of furniture according to the technological
characteristics,
one should keep in mind both the variety of used machining processes
and the types
of materials used, as well as methods of finishing visible surfaces.
Technologies of manufacturing furniture can be brought together into
four main
groups: machine cutting, machine bending, weaving, and the
technology of cutting
and sewing cover materials. In terms of these technologies, furniture is
divided into
the following groups
carpentry,
bent,
woven and
upholstered.
Carpentry furniture is made of wood or wood-based materials by way
of the
classical machine cutting. These include the following:
turned furniture,
carved furniture and

The backrest of a chair, similarly to the backrest of an armchair,


ensures additional
transfer of the human bodys weight. It usually constitutes the form
of connection of backrest legs. There are also backrests that are an
independent element or sub assemblage fitted to the seat (in
stools), frames (in bent furniture) or to the rails (in carpentry
furniture)

OCCASION
AL TABLES

Couch Arm Wrap

Couch table

Couch table

Multi-Functional table

Fusion of suitcase and table as a

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