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Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry

This document discusses titrimetric methods and titration calculations. It defines three main types of titrations - volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric. Volumetric titrations are the most common in academic laboratories and involve adding a titrant solution from a buret until the reaction is complete. An indicator is used to signal the endpoint. Primary standards are highly purified compounds used as references for standard solutions. Calculations involve determining the moles of analyte and titrant using balanced chemical equations, concentration, molecular weight and purity.

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Mark Cliffton Badlon
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8 views2 pages

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry

This document discusses titrimetric methods and titration calculations. It defines three main types of titrations - volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric. Volumetric titrations are the most common in academic laboratories and involve adding a titrant solution from a buret until the reaction is complete. An indicator is used to signal the endpoint. Primary standards are highly purified compounds used as references for standard solutions. Calculations involve determining the moles of analyte and titrant using balanced chemical equations, concentration, molecular weight and purity.

Uploaded by

Mark Cliffton Badlon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homework

Fundamentals of
Analytical Chemistry

 2,

10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 23, 26, 27, 29

Titrimetric Methods
Chapter 13a13a-c

Titration
3


types

Definitions
 Volumetric Titration

Gravimetric

Last measurement is a mass




Coulometric
Electrochemically generate titrant
Last measurement is time with a fixed current

 Back titration


Volumetric
Last measurement is a volume
Most common in academic laboratories

Definitions


Equivalence point


The point at which you have stoichiometrically


equivalent amounts of titrant and analyte.

End point

Assumption is that the end point is related to the


equivalence point





The point at which you stop a titration

Usually the same


Sometimes matrix effects are accounted for
Difference is titration error
error

Indicator


Used to produce an observable physical change in


solution

Addition of a solution (titrant


(titrant)) [usually from a
buret]
buret] to a second solution containing the
analyte until the reaction is complete
An excess of a standard titrant is added to
react completely, and then the amount of the
excess titrant is determined by titration with a
second standard solution

Primary Standard




Highly purified compound


Reference for preparation of solutions for
titrations
Properties for ideal primary standard







High, known purity


Stable
Anhydrous
Cheap
Soluble
High MW

Primary Standard
 No


ideal primary standard

Solutions
 Standard

Several compounds close

 Relatively few compounds meet

Primary standard concentration obtained by


careful measurement of primary standard mass
and dilution volume
Secondary standard concentration obtained by
titration of primary standard.
Tertiary standard concentration determined by
comparison to secondary standard.

the

criteria for a primary standard




Many of these compounds (i.e. strong acids


and strong bases) THAT ARE NOT PRIMARY
STANDARDS make ideal compounds for
titration analysis

Calculations


Molarity



mol / L
mmol / mL

Process for solving


titration problems



Amount of A
Millimoles (or moles)
of A
Millimoles (or moles )
of B
Amount of B

Solution

Solution of known concentration

Calculations

Amount of A
(mass, volume, )

 Amount


mmol A





mmol B

 mmol A


 mmol (or mmol  amount)

Concentration
Molecular weight
Purity
AOS

 mmol B

BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION

Amount of B
(% mass, M, )

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