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Centrifugal Pump Piping Design Layout

Centrifugal pump piping design layout must carefully consider factors like pump design, suction piping design, pipe size, and supports. The suction piping size is particularly important to avoid problems - it should never be smaller than the pump nozzle and usually one size larger. Suction pipes should be as short and straight as possible to minimize friction losses. Proper pump location is also important - pumps should be near and below vessels to ensure net positive suction head. Auxiliary piping for cooling, seals, etc. must also be neatly arranged. Overall the design aims to provide smooth, even flow into the pump without air pockets or vapor accumulation that could reduce pump efficiency or cause damage.

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Sargunam Sankaravadivel
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282 views5 pages

Centrifugal Pump Piping Design Layout

Centrifugal pump piping design layout must carefully consider factors like pump design, suction piping design, pipe size, and supports. The suction piping size is particularly important to avoid problems - it should never be smaller than the pump nozzle and usually one size larger. Suction pipes should be as short and straight as possible to minimize friction losses. Proper pump location is also important - pumps should be near and below vessels to ensure net positive suction head. Auxiliary piping for cooling, seals, etc. must also be neatly arranged. Overall the design aims to provide smooth, even flow into the pump without air pockets or vapor accumulation that could reduce pump efficiency or cause damage.

Uploaded by

Sargunam Sankaravadivel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CentrifugalPumpPipingDesignLayout

CentrifugalPumpPipingDesignLayout
6Comments

LayoutarrangementforCentrifugalPumpPiping
1.GENERAL

Thedesignofapipingsystemcanhaveanimportanteffectonthesuccessfuloperationofacentrifugal
pump.Suchitemsaspumpdesign,suctionpipingdesign,suctionanddischargepipesizeandpipe
supportsmustallbecarefullyconsidered.Atypicalhorizontalcentrifugalpumpinstallationisillustrated
inFig.CPP1,CPP2,CPP3.
Selectionofthedischargepipesizeisprimarilyamatterofeconomics.Thecostofvariouspipesizesmust
becomparedtothepumpsizeandpowercostrequiredtoovercometheresultingfrictionhead.
1.1Thesuctionpipingsizeanddesignisfarmoreimportant.Manycentrifugalpumptroublesarecaused
bypoorsuctionconditions.
1.2Thesuctionpipeshouldneverbesmallerthanthesuctionnozzleofthepumpandinmostcasesit
shouldbeatleastonesizelarger.Suctionpipesshouldbeasshortandasstraightaspossible.
Suctionpipevelocitiesshouldbeinthe1.01.5metrepersecondrange,unlesssuctionconditionsare
unusuallygood.Highervelocitieswillincreasethefrictionlossandcanresultintroublesomeairandvapour
separation.Thisisfurthercomplicatedwhenelbowsorteesarelocatedadjacenttothepumpsuction
nozzle.Inthatcaseunevenflowpatternsorvapourseparationkeepstheliquidfromevenlyfillingthe
impeller.Thisupsetshydraulicbalanceleadingtonoise,vibration,possible
cavitationandexcessiveshaftdeflection.Cavitation,erosiondamage,shaftbreakageor
permaturebearingfailureetc.mayresult.
1.3Onpumpinstallationsinvolvingsuctionlift,airpocketsinthesuctionlinecanbeasourceoftrouble.The
suctionpipeshouldbeexactlyhorizontalorwithauniformslopeupwardfromthesumptothepumpas
illustratedinFig.CPP7.Thereshouldbenohighspotswhereaircancollectandcausethepumptoloseits
prime.Eccentricratherthanconcentricreducerswithflatsidetopshouldalwaysbeused.
1.4Ifanelbowisrequiredatthesuctionofadoublesuctionpump,itshouldbeinaverticalpositionifatall
possible.Whereitisnecessaryforsomereasontouseahorizontalelbow,itshouldbealongradiuselbow
andthereshouldbeaminimumoffivediametersofstraightpipebetweenelbowandthepumpsuctionas
illustratedinFig.CPP9.
2.LOCATION

2.1Commonlocationofpumpsinchemicalandpetrochemicalplantisunderthepiperackatgrade.
Pumpsaretobeplacedclosetoandbelowthevesselsfromwhichtheytaketheirsuctioninordertohave
netpositivesuctionhead(NPSH)requiredbythepump.

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2.2Anyreductioninsuctionlinesizerequiredatpumpsshouldbemadewitheccentricreducers,withflat
sideuptoavoidaccumulationofvapourpocket.Changesindirectionofsuctionlinesshouldbeatleast
600mmawayfromthepumpsuction.
2.3Pumpsshouldbearrangedinlinewithdriversfacingtheaccessgangway.Clearancesandpiping
shouldprovidefreeaccesstoonesideofthedriverandpump.Theremustbegoodaccesstogland/seal
andcouplingwheremostofthemaintenanceandadjustmentsaredone.
2.4Withnormalpiperackcolumnspacingof6m,itisgenerallyfoundthatonlytwopumpsofaveragesize
canbearrangedbetweenthecolumns,withapreferredclearanceof1mbetweenthepumps.
Theclearancebetweenanystructure/steelworkandthepumpdischargelineshallbe0.75mminimum.For
smallpumpsupto18KW,clearancebetweenpumpsshouldbe0.9mminimum.Aspaceof22.5m
shouldbeprovidedforworkingaisle.
AtypicalarrangementofpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP4,CPP5,CPP6.
2.5Meansofliftingshouldbeprovidedforpumpsormotorweighingmorethan25Kg.
3.StepstodoPumpPiping

Step1:CollecttheP&IDandthepumpdatasheet.
Step2:Studythepumpdatasheetandcollectthesimilar(capacity/head)pumpdimensions/nozzle
position.
Step3:Analysethelocationandthespaceprovidedintheunitplotplanw.r.t.suctionanddischargeline
routing.
Step4:Reviewthemaintenance/operationspacearoundandliftingfacility.
Step5:Locatethecontrolstation,Electricalpushbuttonstation,Electricaltrench,processfluiddrain,
flushing/coolingconnectionasrequiredforthepumpmodel.
Step6:Checkelevationsofallvalvehandwheelsonsuctionaswellasdischargelineandprovidecommon
platformforvalveoperation,ifrequired.
Step7:MakeIsosketchforsuctionanddischargelinewithalltheitemsasperP&IDanddiscusswith
processengineerforanychange.
Step8:Finalisesupportsofthelineandissueforstressanalysis,ifrequired.
Step9:GetthestressanalysisreportforNozzleloads.Comparetheallowableloadswiththeactualloadfor
anychange&finalisation.
Step10:Finaliselocationofpump/drainortrench/Electricalcablerouteandissuecivilinformationtocivil
forfoundationdesign.
Step11:Keepnecessaryinsertplateonthefoundationblockforsupportofpushbuttonswitch,smalllines
forflushing/coolingmanifold.
4.PUMPPIPING:

4.1HORIZONTALCENTRIFUGALPUMP:
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AtypicalhorizontalcentrifugalpumpsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementsisillustratedinFig.CPP7.
4.2Pumpsuctionpipingshallbeasshortaspossibleandshallbearrangedsothatvapourpocketsare
avoided.
4.3Reducersimmediatelyconnectedtothepumpsuctionshallbeeccentrictypeflatsideuptoavoid
accumulationofgaspocket.
4.4Forendsuctionpumps,elbowsshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtothesuctionflange.Astraightpiece3
timesthelinesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.ThisisillustratedinFig.CPP8.
TheeffectofelbowdirectlyonsuctionisillustratedinFig.CPP9.
4.5Fortopsuction,pumpelbowshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtosuctionflange.Astraightpieceof
minimum5timesthenozzlesizeshallhavetobeprovidedatthesuctionnozzle.
4.6Ttypestrainersaretobeusedforpermanentaswellastemporarytoavoiddisassemblyofsuction
pipingforstrainercleaning.
4.7Pipingshallbesoarrangedthatforcesandmomentsimposedonthepumpnozzlesdonotexceedthe
allowablevaluesspecifiedbythevendor.
4.8Whenasuctionvesseloperatesundervacuumtheventconnectionofthepumphastobepermanently
connectedtovapourspaceofthesuctionvesseltoallowpossiblefillingofthepumpwithliquidbeforeitis
started.
4.9Forpumpshandlinghotfluid,thefirstfactorconcernsthesupportofpumppipingwhichoftenincludes
largeexpansionloopsforflexibility.Whenthepumpsarelocatedbelowthepiperack(toreducepossibilityof
hydrogenleakageovermotor),supportbecomeseasyotherwisethedesignershouldconsultstress
engineerforbestlocationofstopsandhanger.Withtheoptimumlayoutandsupport,itistobeensuredthat
theloadingsonthepumpnozzlesarenotexceededbeyondtheallowablelimits.
4.10Pipingconfigurationforagroupofpumpsofsimilarsizeshallfollowidenticalpatternandthestress
analysisofonepumppipingshouldbeapplicabletotheotherpumps.
4.11AuxiliaryPumpPipingArrangements:
TheAuxiliarypipingareusuallycoolingwatertomechanicalseals,bearings,stuffingboxes,glandquench
andlanternringflush.
Whenpumpfluidisused,alineisattachedtotheventconnectiononthepumpcase.Thecirculatedseal
fluidhastobesentbacktopumpstreamorreferredthroughthesealtopumpinternalclearances.
Inviscousorhightemperaturehydrocarbonliquids,thesealfluidmediumcirculatesfromexternalsource
throughconnectionsonthepumpseal.
VariousAuxiliarypipingplanisrecommendedinAPI610forproperselectionaccordingtodesign
requirements.
4.12PumpvendorsusuallysupplytheAuxiliarypipingandtheneatarrangementsofthesepipingand
itssupportaretobeensuredbythedesignerwhilereviewingthevendordocument.Fig.CPP10illustrates
onetypicalAuxiliarypipingarrangementonthepumpbaseplate.
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4.13AtypicalarrangementforpipingandvalvesoperationisillustratedinFig.CPP11withmaintenance
andoperationaccess.
4.14Atypicalsuctionanddischargepipingarrangementwithcommonplatformforoperationofvalves
connectedtotwoadjacentpumpsisillustratedinFig.CPP12andCPP13.
5.SUCTIONBASINOFPUMP

5.1Thebasinfortheintakeofcentrifugalpumpshallbedesignedandsizedproperlyforsmoothfunctionof
thepump.TherecommendationsofhydraulicinstituteareillustratedinFig.CPP14.
5.2Theflowoffluidtothesuctionbellshouldbeeven,smoothandstreamlinedwithoutanyvortices.
5.3Atypicalsumpwiththecomponentsandrelativedimensionsofclearanceandsubmergenceis
illustratedinFig.CPP15.
5.4Formultiplepumpinstallationswithhighcapacitypumps,theanalysisofaproposedintakedesignare
oftenmadebyuseofascalemodeloftheintakebasinwithallpartssuchasbaffles,screens,gates,
separatingwallsetc.
Thelargebasinisrequiredtoensurelowinletvelocity(approx.2ft.persec.)andtoeliminatevortexingat
thebellmouth.
5.5AtypicalsumppitwithpumpisillustratedinFigCPP16.Thissumpisthecollectionpitofwastematerial
comingthroughapipeline.Ascreenatthemouthofthepumpavoidschoking/foulingofthepumpduring
operation.Thedischargeofthepumpmaygotoaslopetank/pond/wasteremovaltanker.
FigCPP1:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type1)

FigCPP2:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Type2)

FigCPP3:Centirfugalpumpdrawing(Impeller)

FigCPP4:Typicalpumplocationplan

FigCPP5:TypicalaccessforMaintenance

FigCPP6:TypicalpumplocationsElevation

FigCPP7:Airpocketsinsuctionpiping

FigCPP8:Typicalpumpsuction&dischargepiping

FigCPP9:Elbowatpumpsuction

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FigCPP10:Typicalauxiliarypumppiping

FigCPP11:Maintenance&operationaccessrequirements

FigCPP12:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,plan&elevation

FigCPP13:Typicalsuction/dischargepiping,frontview

FigCPP14:Multiplepumpinstallation(Verticalpumps)

FigCPP15:Sumpdimensions,planview,wetpittypepumps

FigCPP16:Typicalsumpwithpump

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