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Computer Refresher: Important Input Devices

The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1939 to the present: 1) First generation (1939-1954) used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. Major early computers included ABC, Z1, Mark 1, ENIAC, UNIVAC, and used machine language. 2) Second generation (1954-1959) used transistors and assembly language. Programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were developed. 3) Third generation (1959-1971) used integrated circuits, operating systems, and high-level programming languages. Technologies included LSI and MSI chips. 4) Fourth generation (1979-1981) used microprocessors like the Intel 4004. Notable systems were

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Kusum Parvesh Saroha
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57 views4 pages

Computer Refresher: Important Input Devices

The document summarizes the evolution of computers over five generations from 1939 to the present: 1) First generation (1939-1954) used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. Major early computers included ABC, Z1, Mark 1, ENIAC, UNIVAC, and used machine language. 2) Second generation (1954-1959) used transistors and assembly language. Programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were developed. 3) Third generation (1959-1971) used integrated circuits, operating systems, and high-level programming languages. Technologies included LSI and MSI chips. 4) Fourth generation (1979-1981) used microprocessors like the Intel 4004. Notable systems were

Uploaded by

Kusum Parvesh Saroha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Refresher

First Generation(1939-54): Vacuum


Tubes,Magnetic Drums ---ABC,Z1,MARK1,ENIAC,UNIVAC,machine language
Second Generation(1954-59):
Transistors----assembly language
COBOL,FORTRAN
Third Generation(1959-71)--Integrated Circuits----Operating
System,LSI,MSI,Semi conductors
Fourth Generation(1979-81)---Microprocessors(INTEL 4004 first
processor),Apple Macintosh,
Internet----VLSI
Fifth Generation(1991-present)---Artificial Intelligence,ULSI,parallel
processing, nanotechnology,natural
language

important input devices


Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
MIDI keyboard
Joy
Stick
Light pen
Track Ball
Touchpads
Scanner
Graphic Tablet
Microphone
Magnetic Ink Card Reader(MICR)
Optical Character Reader(OCR)
Bar Code Reader
Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
Types of output devices
Flatpanel
GPS
Headphones
Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
Monitor
Plotter
Printer (Dot matrix printer, Inkjet
printer, andLaser printer)
Projector
Speakers
Speech-generating device (SGD)
Video card
Both InputOutPut Devices:
Modems
Network cards
Touch Screen

Headsets (Headset consists of


Speakers and Microphone.
Speaker act Output Device and
Microphone act as Input device)
Facsimile (FAX) (It has scanner to
scan the document and also have
printer to Print the document)
Audio Cards / Sound Card
Different Types of RAM & ROM
Programmable Read Only Memory
(PROM)
Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory (EPROM)
Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
(EEPROM)
Synchronous Dynamic Random
Access Memory (SDRAM)
Double Data Rate Synchronous
Dynamic Random Access Memory
(DDR-SDRAM)
Double Data Rate Revision 2
Synchronous Dynamic Random
Access Memory (DDR2-SDRAM)
Double Data Rate Revision 3
Synchronous Dynamic Random
Access Memory

Storage
Half byte = 1nibble = 4 bits
Bit means Binary Digit
1 byte = 8 bits
1 mega byte = 1 million bytes
1 giga byte ---- 1 billion bytes
1 Tera byte ----1 trillion byte
1 Peta byte----1 thousand trillion
bytes
1 Exabyte---- 1 billion trillion bytes
1Zettabyte ---- 1 trillion trillion byte

Microsoft Basic keybord


shortcut keys
WINKEY + D----Brings the desktop to
the top of all other windows
WINKEY + Tab---Cycle through open
programs through the taskbar
WINKEY + F1----Display the Microsoft
Windows help
WINKEY + F----Display the Windows
Search / Find feature
WINKEY + L----Lock the computer
(Windows XP)
WINKEY + M----Minimizes all windows
WINKEY + E----Open Microsoft
Explorer

WINKEY + R----Open the run window


WINKEY + Pause / Break key----Open
the system properties window
WINKEY + U----Open Utility Manager

Computer important
abbreviation
Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME)
ASCII--- American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
UTF-----Unicode Transformation
Format
ARPANET----Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network
FTP----File Transfer Protocol
POP3--- Post Office Protocol
TCP/IP--- Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol
UDP--- User Datagram Protocol
HTTP--- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS--- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Socket Layer
URL----Uniform Resource Locator
HTML--- Hypertext Markup Language
API--- Application programming
interface
ADSLAsymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line
ANSIAmerican National Standards
Institute
APLA Programming Language
ASPActive Server Pages
ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode
IMAP--- Internet Message Access
Protocol
MAPI--- Messaging Application
Programming Interface
MIME--- Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions
SMTP---- Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol
DHCPDynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
DNS----Domain Name System
MTA-- message transfer agent
MDA---- message delivery agent
BASICBeginner's All-Purpose
Symbolic Instruction System
BIOSBasic Input Output Sysecond
bpsbits per seDesign
CADComputer-Aided DesApart

CAPTCHACompletely Automated
Public Turing Test to tell Computers
and Humans Apart
CDMACode Division Multiple Access
CD-RCD-Recordable
CD-ROMCD Read-Only Memory
CD-RWCD-Rewritable
CERTComputer Emergency
ResponInterface
CGICommon Gateway IntComputer
CISCComplex Instruction Set
Computer
CMOSComplementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor
COBOLCommon Business-Oriented
Language
CRTCathode Ray Tube
CSSCascading Style Sheets
DBA ---Data Base Administrator
DDLData Definition Language
DHTMLDynamic Hypertext Markup
Language
DMLData Manipulation Language
DPIDots Per Inch
DTPDesktop Publishing
EBCDICExtended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code
EEPROMElectronically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory
EPROMErasable Programmable
Read-Only Memory
ERMEntity-Relationship Model
FATFile Allocation Table
FDDFloppy Disk Drive
FDDIFiber Distributed Data
Interface
FDMAFrequency-Division Multiple
Access
FIFOFirst In First Out
FOSSFree and Open Source
Software
GIFGraphics Interchange Format
GIGOGarbage In, Garbage Out
GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service
GUIGraphical User Interface
GSM---Global System for Mobile
Communications
HDDHard Disk Drive
HDMIHigh-Definition Multimedia
Interface
HTTPdHypertext Transport Protocol
Daemon
IANAInternet Assigned Numbers
Authority

IDEIntegrated Development
Environment
IMInstant Messaging
IPCInter-Process Communication
ISDNIntegrated Services Digital
Network
IVRSInteractive Voice Response
Statements
JDBCJava Database Connectivity
JDKJava Development Kit
JITJust-In-Time
JPEGJoint Photographic Experts
Group
JVMJava Virtual Machine
JSPJavaServer Pages
KbKilobit
KBKiloByte
kHzKilohertz
KVMKeyboard, Video, Mouse
First Electronic Computer---- ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
ABC Atanasoff and Berry Computer
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Calculator
EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic Calculator
UNIVAC UNIversal Automatic
Computer---1951---- Eckert and
Mauchly
FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator)
COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented
Language)
LISP (LISt Processor)
ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language)
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbol
icInstruction Code)

Founders
C----- Dennis Ritchie
C++ ----- Bjarne Stroustrup
JAVA------James Gosling
JavaScript-----Brendan Eich
COBOL---- Grace Murray Hopper
Oracle--- Ed Oates, Larry Ellison, Bob
Miner
DOS ----- Tim Paterson
Microsoft ---- Paul Allen and Bill
Gates
IBM ------ Thomas J. Watson
Google --- Larry Page, Sergey Brin
Yahoo ---- Jerry Yang , David Filo
Algorithm --- alKhwarizmi
FORTRAN ---- John Backus
WWW --- Tim Berners-Lee

RDBMS ---- Edgar F. Codd


Mouse --- Douglas Engelbart
first general-purpose computer,
the IBM 701. ---- Cuthbert Hurd
ENIAC,UNIVAC --- John Mauchly
Face book ------- Mark
Elliot Zuckerberg
Twitter --- Jack Dorsey, Evan
Williams, Biz Stone
LinkedIn--- Reid Hoffman
Whasapp ---- Jan Koum and Brian
Acton
Gmail ----- Paul Buchheit
Hotmail ---- Jack Smith, Sabeer
Bhatia
Linux os---- Linus Torvalds
Unix ----- Dennis Ritchie
World's first computer
programmer---- Ada Lovelace
Inventor of the first portable
computer --- Adam Osbern
Father of ASCII----Bob Bemer
Pioneering creator of
supercomputers in Soviet Union -----Boris Babayan
Inventor of the typewriter and first
QWERTY keyboard---------Christopher Shoes
inventor of the Daisywheel Printer
----- David Lee
inventor of the PC Modem ---------Dennis Hayes
Inventor of the laser printer-------Gary Starkweather
invented the pointer ------ Harold
Lawson
Inventor of the first digital computer
------ John Atanasoff
the founder of WikiLeaks --------Julian Assange
inventor Copy and Paste --------- Larry
Tesler
invented the Audion, a vacuum tube
----- Lee Forest
creator of the Internet Domain Name
System ------------- Paul Mockapetris
Inventor of the disk drive and
videocassette tape ------------ Reynold
Johnson
Father of the Computer.. Charles Bab
bage
Father of Computer science---Allen
Turning

Father of Personal Computer


-----Edward Robert

Father of Videogames ---- Ralph Baer

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