COMPANY PROFILE

History of Electricity in Delhi:

The history of electricity in Delhi dates back to 1905 when M/s John
Flemming Company was awarded the license as per Indian
Electricity Act, 1903, for generation and distribution of power in
Delhi. Electricity those days was a luxury and the privilege of the
high ranking British officials and a few rich people. It was a rare and
costly commodity with a perception of being dangerous. Infact even
rich Indian accepted this at a much later stage. M/s John Fleming
Company was replaced by the Delhi Tramway and Lighting
Company, which was subsequently renamed as Delhi Electricity
Supply & Traction Company. In 1939, The Delhi Central Electric
Power Authority (DCEPA) was formed to run the services. In 1951,
the DCEPA was taken over by the Delhi State Electricity Board,
constituted under Indian Electricity (Supply) Act 1948. In 1958, Delhi
Electricity Supply Undertaking came into existence and was once
again converted to Delhi Vidyut Board in 1997. In July 2002, Delhi
Vidyut Board unbundled into five successor entities the three
distribution companies, a transmission and a holding company. Two
of the three distribution companies have been handed over to BSES,
and one to TATA POWER.

About BSES:
BSES Limited is India's premier utility engaged in the generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity. Formerly, known as
Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Limited, it was incorporated on
1st October 1929, for the distribution of electricity in the suburbs of
Mumbai, with a pioneering mission to make available uninterrupted,
reliable, and quality power to customers and provide value added
services for the development of the power and infrastructure
sectors.
BSES caters to the needs of 2.07 million consumers over an area of
384 sq. km. with a maximum system demand of approximately
1198 MVA. With 7 decades in the field of power distribution, the

Electricity Supply Division of BSES has achieved the distinction of

operating its distribution network with 99.98% on-line reliability and
has a distribution loss of only 29.9%. BSES was amongst the first
utilities in India to adopt computerization in 1967 to meet the
increasing workload and to improve services to its customers. With a
view to optimally utilize trained manpower and expertise in the field
of power, the company commenced contracting activities in 1966 by
undertaking turnkey electrical contracts, thermal, hydro and gas
turbine installations and commissioning contracts, transmission line
projects etc. BSES set up its own 500 MW Thermal Power Plant and
the first 2 x 250 MW units of Dahanu Power Station were
synchronized and began commercial operation during 1995- 1996. A
dedicated 220 kV double circuit transmission line network with three
220 / 33 kV receiving stations have been installed to evacuate the
power to the distribution area of the Company. This demonstrates
BSES in-house capabilities ranging from engineering, operation &
maintenance of power plants and transmission and distribution
systems.
BSES through international competitive bidding acquired an equity
stake of 51% in three of the four Distribution Companies of Orissa.
At present, BSES along with its subsidiaries provide electricity to
more than 2.7 million consumers in an area covering
about
1,23,000 sq. km with an estimated population of 34 million. In July
2002, Delhi Vidyut Board unbundled into five successor entities
the three distribution companies, a transmission and a holding
company. Two of the three distribution companies have been
handed over to BSES, and one to TATA POWER. As a part of its active
support to the privatization process, BSES has recently acquired an
equity stake of 51% in two of the three Distribution Companies of
Delhi after unbundling and privatization of the erstwhile Delhi Vidyut
Board. The two distribution companies, BSES Rajdhani Power
Limited covering South and West areas and BSES Yamuna Power
Limited covering Central and East regions provide electricity to
around 22 lakhs consumers spread across an area of 960 sq kms
(approx). BSES became part of the Reliance Group on January 18,
2003. BSES will be renamed Reliance Energy to reflect the change
in ownership, and to leverage brand equity of Reliance.

The new name Reliance Energy will directly communicate

association with the internationally respected Reliance Group, and
reflect the larger dimension of BSES future plans. So presently BSES
deals with mainly distribution sector in the country
BSES Delhi
Following the privatization of Delhis power sector and unbundling
of the Delhi Vidyut Board in July 2002, the business of power
distribution was transferred to BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL)
and BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL). These two of the three
successor entities distribute electricity to 22.6 lakh customers in two
thirds of Delhi. The Company acquired assets, liabilities, proceedings
and personnel of the Delhi Vidyut Board as per the terms and
conditions contained in the Transfer Scheme.
1.5.4 BSES Rajdhani Power Limited (BRPL)
BRPL distributes power to an area spread over 750 sq. km with a
population density of 1360 per sq km. Its over 12.2 lakh customers
are spread 19 districts across South and West areas including
Alaknanda, Khanpur, Vasant Kunj, Saket, Nehru Place, Nizamuddin,
Sarita Vihar, Hauz Khas, R K Puram, Janakpuri, Najafgargh, Nangloi,
Mundka, Punjabi Bagh, Tagore Garden,Vikas Puri,Palam and Dwarka.
Since taking over distribution, BSES singular mission has been to
provide reliable and quality electricity supply. BSES has invested
over Rs 3500 crore on upgrading and augmenting the infrastructure
which has resulted in a record reduction of AT&C losses. From a high
of 63. % AT&C losses in BYPL area the losses have come down to
29.8% a record reduction around 33%.Similarly, in BRPL area AT&C
losses have been reduced from 52.% to 27.% - a record reduction of
29%.
BSES Yamuna Power Limited (BYPL)
BYPL distributes power to an area spread over 200 sq kms with a
population density of 4230 per sq km. Its 10.4lakh customers are
spread over 14 districts across Central and East areas including
Chandni Chowk, Daryaganj, Paharganj, Shankar Road, Patel Nagar, G
T Road, Karkardooma, Krishna Nagar, Laxmi Nagar, Mayur Vihar,
Yamuna Vihar, Nand Nagri and Karawal Nagar. BYPL distributes

power to an area spread over 200 sq kms with a population density

of 4230 per sq km. Its 10.4lakh customers are spread over 14
districts across Central and East areas including Chandni Chowk,
Daryaganj, Paharganj, Shankar Road, Patel Nagar, G T Road,
Karkardooma, Krishna Nagar, Laxmi Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Yamuna
Vihar, Nand Nagri and Karawal Nagar.

Geographical Reach
Delhi Distribution Area

Business of the Organization

Delhi Supply Division:

Caters to an area of 950 sq. Kms.
Supply Area covers South Delhi, East Delhi, West Delhi and Central
Delhi.
Consumers include houses, residential complexes, high rise
buildings, commercial Complex medium and large industrial houses,
government establishment like Airport, Worship places, Milk Dairy,
Mother Dairy and Municipal Hospitals, Sewerage projects etc.
1. Caters to more than 22 lakh consumers.

2. Provides highly reliable and continuous supply.

3. All consumers are given metered supply only.
4. Reliability 99.99 %

Supply area

960 sq. kms(approx)

No. of Consumers
Population covered
System peak
Power Transformer
No. of Dist. Substations
Dist Transformer capacity

Above 22 lakhs
Above 80 lakh
5320 MW(approx)
6024 MVA
9338(approx
5178.411 MVA

Power Factor
66 kV Capacitors

0.99
459.91 MVAr

33 kV Capacitors
11 kV Capacitors

226.52 MVAr
852.97 MVAr

LT Capacitors

297.20 MVAr

DELHI DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

66/33/11 kV Sub Transmission Network.
Receiving Stations.

SALIENT FEATURES
1. Unit type system at 66/33/11 kV radial system
2. Open Ring type system at 11 kV Mesh Network.
3. Partial Ring type system at L T Secondary Distribution level.
4. Distribution system with overhead cum underground cable

network

Chapter: 2

Substations

Pole Mounted
Sub-station is a large, free standing, outdoor electrical equipment
that is mostly located in residential places. Its main purpose is to
step-down the lethal 11kV to 415/240V for light, commercial and
residential loads (consumers)...
The 11kV line is connected to the Step-Down Transformer
(11kV/415V) though a gang isolator and fuses. The lighting arrestors
are installed on the H.T side to protect the Sub-Station from
lightening strokes. The transformer steps down the 11kV to 415V,
3phase, 4-wire supply. The voltage between any two lines is 415V,
and between any line and a phase is 240V. The Oil Circuit Breaker
(O.C.B), installed on the L.T side automatically isolates the
transformer from the consumers in case of any fault. The Pole
Mounted Sub-stations are generally used for transformer capacity
up to 200kVA
They should be periodically checked for dielectric strength of oil in
the transformer and (OCB)
In case of repair the transformer or (O.C.B) both the Gang Isolators
and (O.C.B) should be shut off.

Indoor substation layout

Outdoor substation basic layout

Outdoor substation without enclosure

This kind of outdoor substations based on weatherproof equipment
is commonly used in countries such as UK and India for example.
These substations are generally included in MV rings and include:

Two functional units dedicated to the connection of the

substation to the ring
One functional unit for the supply and the protection of the
MV/LV power transformer generally done by a circuit breaker
unit

One single MV/LV Power transformer

One LV distribution panel.

The transformer and the LV panel can be installed in dedicated

outdoor type housing. Advantage and disadvantage of outdoor
substation as compared to indoor substation The outdoor substation
has following advantages: The construction work needed is much

smaller than the indoor substation. Installation cost of switchgear

is low. Adequate space between two adjoining equipment can be
provided. Erection is made in less time. Whole structure is
properly viewed, so that fault can be easily located. The scheme
extension is easier. Disadvantages of outdoor substations are,
Dust and dirt use to formulate on contact switches. This makes
maintenance cost higher. In rainy or snow falling seasons
switching becomes complicated. The installation suffers from
security as unauthorized persons can easily penetrate the structure.
Comparision between outdoor and indoor substation

Outdoor

Indoor

More space required

Less space required

Less time required for erection

More time required for erection

Easy future extension

Difficult future extension

Easier fault location because of equipment

being in full view.

Difficult fault location because of

equipment not being in full view.

Low capital cost

High capital cost

Difficult operation

Easier operation

Possibility of fault escalation is less.

Plausibility of fault escalation is

more.

Step Up Substation
Step up substations are associated with generating stations.
Generation of power is limited to low voltage levels due to
limitations of the rotating alternators. These generating
voltages must be stepped up for economical transmission of
power over long distance. So there must be a step up
substation associated with generating station.

Step Down Substation

The stepped up voltages must be stepped down at load centers, to
different voltage levels for different purposes. Depending upon
these purposes the step down substation are further
categorized in different sub categories.

Primary Step Down Substation

The primary step down sub stations are created nearer to load
center along the primary transmission lines. Here primary
transmission voltages are stepped down to different suitable
voltages for secondary transmission purpose.

Secondary Step Down Substation

Along the secondary transmission lines, at load center, the
secondary transmission voltages are further stepped down for
primary distribution purpose. The stepping down of secondary
transmission voltages to primary distribution levels are done
at secondary step down substation.

Distribution Substation
Distribution substation are situated where the primary distribution
voltages are stepped down to supply voltages for feeding the
actual consumers through a distribution network.

Bulk Supply or Industrial Substation

Bulk supply or industrial substation are generally a distribution sub

station but they are dedicated for one consumer only. An
industrial consumer of large or medium supply group may be
designated as bulk supply consumer. Individual step down
substation is dedicated to these consumers.
Mobile Substation
The mobile substations are also very special purpose sub station
temporarily required for construction purpose. For big
construction purpose this substation fulfills the temporary
power requirement during construction work.

Hybrid Gas Isolated substation GIS (HGIS)

Hybrid GIS (HGIS) is a new type of high-voltage switchgear which
is compact in size, reliable in operation and economical in cost. HGIS
is mainly composed of Bushings (BSG), Disconnecting Switch (DS),
Earthing Switch (ES), Circuit Breaker (CB), and Current Transformer

(CT), etc.
Since a three-position disconnecting and earthing switch (DES) is
used, HGIS features not only compactness, but also safety. Apart
from compactness, HGIS requires very short time for onsiteerection.
The main advantages of HGIS are reliable operation, performance,
high degree of intelligence and very little requirement for
maintenance. HGIS is a combination of advantages of Air Insulated
Switchgear (AIS) and Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) equipment.
Compared with AIS, HGIS greatly saves space and gets rid of the
complications of installing and maintaining many equipment in the
substation. Compared with the GIS, HGIS features faster and simpler
erection, easier for service and replacement.
40.5 ~ 252kV HGIS is an outdoor three-phase AC transmission
equipment using SF6 gas as the insulating medium. It can be used
for a variety of applications viz. transmission and distribution
substations, power plants, factories, railways, etc.

Main Product Features

Light weight
The three phases are located in separated enclosures. There is very
little interference between the phases. Enclosure is an aluminum
structure, light in weight, having good conductivity and no eddy
current loss.

Excellent Breaking Performance : Circuit breaker adopts the

two gas chamberself-arc-extinguishing principle. It uses its
own energy of the arc to improve the arc extinguishing
capability. Therefore the energy used for the operating
mechanism is very much reduced, and the reliability of the
product is greatly improved as a result.
High reliability of the operating mechanism : Circuit Breaker
uses a state of art spring mechanism which requires very low
operating energy and hence less maintenance. The three

phases are mechanically interlinked which ensures high level

of synchronized reliability of the product.
Electrical operating mechanism is used for the DS and ES of
the three-position switch (DES). The DS and ES are
mechanically interlocked so as to avoid fault operation, which
ensures high safety and reliability.

Easy Erection and Installation at Site : HGIS is transported as a

whole unit to the site. Erection on the site is very easy and
requires very little time. Only some simple connections and
gas filling is needed before testing and commissioning which
makes it easy to handle.

Economic Advantage : HGIS integrates Circuit Breaker (CB),

Disconnecting Switch (DS), Earthing Switch (ES), Current
Transformer (CT), Fast Earthing Switch (FES), Voltage
Transformer (VT)), Surge/ Lightening Arrestor (SA/ LA) and
other components into one module that saves significantly
land and space requirement, which is a very scarce resources
in large cities.

Equipments and essential parts of substations :

Transformers
RMU ( sf6 Circuit breaker ) Ring Main Unit
Vaccum Circuit Breaker
Air Circuit Breaker
Meters

Detailed description and discussion about all these are

done below .
Transformers
All the three phase transformers are delta star connected as
at the consumer end single phase supply is provided so
neutral can be there for a return path n main path can be any
of the R-Y-B .

There are 3 main parts in the distribution transformer:

Coils/winding where incoming alternate current (through

primary winding) generates magnetic flux, which in turn
develop a magnetic field feeding back a secondary winding

Magnetic core allowing transfer of magnetic field

generated by primary winding to secondary winding by
principle of magnetic induction First 2 parts are known as
active parts

Tank serving as a mechanical package to protect active

parts, as a holding vessel for transformer oil used for cooling
and insulation and bushing (plus auxiliary equipment where
applicable)

Bushing - All materials carrying an electric charge generate

an electric field. When an energized conductor is near any
material at earth potential, it can cause very high field
strengths to be formed, especially where the field lines are
forced to curve sharply around the earthed material. The
bushing controls the shape and strength of the field and
reduces the electrical stresses in the insulating material.

 RMU / SF6 circuit breaker assembly

A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts operate in
sulphur hexafluoride or SF6 gas is known as an SF6 circuit breaker.
SF6 has excellent insulating property and it has a high electronegativity. Therefore, it has high affinity of absorbing free electrons.
Whenever a free electron collides with the SF6 gas molecule, it is
absorbed by that gas molecule and forms a negative ion with the
following processes.

These negative ions are much heavier than a free electron

and therefore the over all mobility of the negatively charged
particle in the medium is considerably reduced compared to
other gases. As the mobility of charged particle is reduced,
therefore the severity of arcing shall also be affected and
reduced.
There are 3 types of sf6 circuit breaker :
1. Single interrupter SF6 CB applied for up to 245 KV(220 KV)
system.
2. Single pressure puffer type SF6 CB applied for up to 420
KV(400 KV) system.
3. Double pressure puffer type SF6 CB applied for up to 800
KV(715 KV) system.

Disadvantages of SF6 CB
The SF6 gas is identified as a greenhouse gas, safety regulation
are being introduced in many countries in order to prevent its
release into atmosphere. Puffer type design of SF6 CB needs a
high mechanical energy which is almost five times greater than
that of oil circuit breaker.

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

The modern vacuum bottle, which is used in both breakers and
contactors, is normally made from ceramic material. It has pure
oxygen-free copper main connections; stainless steel bellows and
has composite weld-resistant main contact materials. A typical
contact material comprises a tungsten matrix impregnated with a
copper and antimony alloy to provide a low melting point material to
ensure continuation of the arc until nearly current zero.
Because it is virtually impossible for electricity to flow in a vacuum,
the early designs displayed the ability of current chopping i.e.
switching off the current at a point on the cycle other than current
zero. This sudden instantaneous collapse of the current generated
extremely high-voltage spikes and surges into the system, causing
failure of equipment.
Another phenomenon was pre-strike at switch on. Due to their
superior rate of dielectric recovery, a characteristic of all vacuum
switches was the production of a train of pulses during the closing
operation. Although of modest magnitude, the high rate of rise of

voltage in prestrike transients can, under certain conditions produce

high-insulation stresses in motor line end coils. Subsequent
developments attempted to alleviate these shortcomings by the use
of softer contact materials, in order to maintain metal vapor in the
arc plasma so that it did not go out during switching. Unfortunately,
this led to many instances of contacts welding on closing.
Restrike transients produced under conditions of stalled motor
switch off was also a problem. When switching off a stalled induction
motor, or one rotating at only a fraction of synchronous speed, there
is little or no machine back emf, and a high voltage appears across
the gap of the contactor immediately after extinction. If at this point
of time the gap is very small, there is the change that the gap will
break down and initiate a restrike transient, puncturing the motors
insulation.
Modern designs have all but overcome these problems. In vacuum
contactors, higher operating speeds coupled with switch contact
material are chosen to ensure high gap breakdown strength,
produce shorter trains of pulses

 Air Circuit Breaker

This type of circuit breakers, is those kind of circuit breaker which
operates in air at atmospheric pressure. After development of oil
circuit breaker, the medium voltage air circuit breaker (ACB) is
replaced completely by oil circuit breaker in different countries. But
in countries like France and Italy, ACBs are still preferable choice up
to voltage 15 KV. It is also good choice to avoid the risk of oil fire, in
case of oil circuit breaker. In America ACBs were exclusively used for
the system up to 15 KV until the development of new vacuum and
SF6 circuit breakers.

Working principle of air circuit breaker(ACB)

The working principle of this breaker is rather different from those

in any other types of circuit breakers. The main aim of all kind of
circuit breaker is to prevent the reestablishment of arcing after
current zero by creating a situation where in the contact gap will
withstand the system recovery voltage. The air circuit breaker does
the same but in different manner. For interrupting arc it creates an
arc voltage in excess of the supply voltage. Arc voltage is defined as
the minimum voltage required maintaining the arc. This circuit
breaker increases the arc voltage by mainly three different ways, 1.
It may increase the arc voltage by cooling the arc plasma. As the
temperature of arc plasma is decreased, the mobility of the particle
in arc plasma is reduced, hence more voltage gradient is required to
maintain the arc. 2. It may increase the arc voltage by lengthening
the arc path. As the length of arc path is increased, the resistance of
the path is increased, and hence to maintain the same arc current
more voltage is required to be applied across the arc path. That
means arc voltage is increased. 3. Splitting up the arc into a number
of series arcs also increases the arc voltage. The first objective is
usually achieved by forcing the arc into contact with as large an
area as possible of insulating material. Every air circuit breaker is
fitted with a chamber surrounding the contact. This chamber is
called arc chute. The arc is driven into it. If inside of the arc chute
is suitably shaped, and if the arc can conform to the shape, the arc
chute wall will help to achieve cooling. This type of arc chute should
be made from some kind of refractory material. High temperature
plastics reinforced with glass fiber and ceramics are preferable
materials for making arc chute. The second objective that is
lengthening the arc path is achieved concurrently with the first
objective. If the inner walls of the arc chute is shaped in such a way
that the arc is not only forced into close proximity with it but also
driven into a serpentine channel projected on the arc chute wall.
The lengthening of the arc path increases the arc resistance. The
third objective is achieved by using metal arc slitter inside the arc
chute. The main arc chute is divided into numbers of small
compartments by using metallic separation plates. These metallic
separation plates are actually the arc splitters and each of the small
compartments behaves as individual mini arc chute. In this system
the initial arc is split into a number of series arcs, each of which will

have its own mini arc chute. So, each of the arc splits has its own
cooling and lengthening effect. This collectively, increases the
overall arc voltage and helps in quenching.

RELAY

Overcurrent Relays
Protection against excess current was naturally the earliest
protection systems to evolve
From this basic principle has been evolved the graded over current
system, a discriminate fault protection.
over current protection is different from over load protection.
Overload protection makes use of relays that operate in a time
related in some degree to the thermal capability of the plant to be
protected.
Over current protection, on the other hand, is directed entirely to
the clearance of the faults, although with the settings usually
adopted some measure of overload protection is obtained.

Types of over current relays

Based on the relay operating characteristics , overcurrent relays
can be classified into three groups
Definite current or instantaneous
Definite time
Inverse time

DEFINITE-CURRENT RELAYS
This type of relay operates instantaneously when the current
reaches a predetermined value.

DEFINITE TIME CURRENT RELAYS

This type of relay operates after a definite time when the current
reaches a predetermined value.

INVERSE TIME RELAYS

The fundamental property of these relays is that they operate in a
time that is inversely proportional to the fault current. Inverse time
relays are generally classified in accordance with their characteristic
curve that indicates the speed of operation.
Inverse-time relays are also referred as inverse definite minimum
time or IDMT over current relays

SETTING

THE

PARAMETERS

OVERCURRENT RELAY
Pick-up setting

OF

TIME

DELAY

The pick-up setting, or plug setting, is used to define the pick-up

current of the relay, and fault currents seen by the relay are
expressed as multiples of plug setting.
Plug setting multiplier (PSM) is defined as the ratio of the fault
current in secondary Amps to the relay plug setting.
For phase relays the pick-up setting is determined by allowing a
margin for overload above the nominal current, as in the following
expression
Pick-up setting = (OLF x Inom) / CTR
Where,
OLF = Overload factor that depends on the element
being protected.
Inom = Nominal circuit current rating, and

CTR = CT Ratio

Time dial setting

The time-dial setting adjusts the time delay before the relay
operates whenever the fault current reaches a value equal to, or
greater than the relay setting.
The time-dial setting is also referred to as time multiplier setting
(TMS)

DISCRIMINATION BY TIME
In this method an appropriate time interval is given by each of the
relays controlling the CBs in a power system to ensure that the
breaker nearest to the fault location opens first.

Thermal Relays

The coefficient of expansion is one of the basis properties of any

material. Two different metals always have different degree of linear
expansion. A bimetallic strip always bends when it heated up, due to
this inequality of linear expansion of two different metals.

Working Principle of Thermal Relay

A thermal relay works depending upon the above mentioned
property of metals. The basic working principle of thermal relay is
that, when a bimetallic strip is heated up by a heating coil carrying
over current of the system, it bends and makes normally open
contacts.

Construction of Thermal Relay

The construction of thermal relay is quite simple. As shown in the
figure above the bimetallic strip has two metals metal A and metal
B. Metal A has lower coefficient of expansion and metal B has
higher coefficient of expansion.
One heating coil is would on the bimetallic strip. When over current
flows through the heating coil, it heats up the bimetallic strip. Due
to the heat generated by the coil, both of the metals are expanded.
But expansion of metal B is more than expansion of metal A. Due to
this dissimilar expansion the bimetallic strip will bend towards metal
A.
The strip bends, the No contact is closed which ultimately energizes
the trip coil of a circuit breaker.
The heating effect is not instantaneous. As per Joules law of
heating, the amount of heat generated,

where I is the

over current flowing through the heating coil of thermal relay. R is

the electrical resistance of the heating coil. t is the time for which
the current I flows through the heating coil. Hence from the above
equation it is clear that, heat generator by the coil is directly
proportional to the time during which the over current flows through
the coil. Hence there is a prolonged time delay in the operation of
thermal relay. That is why this type of relay is generally used where
over load is allowed to flow for a predetermined amount of time
before it trips. If overload or over current falls down to normal value
before this predetermined time, the relay will not be operated to trip
the protected equipment. A typical application of thermal relay is
overload protection of electric motor.

Increasing efficiency and reduction of losses

Introduction :
In the previous financial year, BSES has reported a loss of nearly
42%, of which 6-8% are the transmission losses, rest 34-36% is the
loss reported due to theft in various areas in Delhi.
BSES has introduced a new DT cleaning programme to reduce the
theft and installation and upgradation of new meters/HVDS or LVDS
system in various areas.
METHODS TO REDUCE THEFT :
1. In Delhi, BSES has introduced a new armoured cable (yellow in
color) to reduce the transmission loss due to theft in various
parts of the city.
2. Also, the use of new electricity meters is incorporated, the
new meters are installed outside the residences and are
resistant to heat, and water.
3. Regular surprise raids are carried out in various parts of the
city to reduce and fine the offenders.

New Genus Meters

Electricity act, 2003

An Act to consolidate the laws relating to generation, transmission,
distribution, trading and use of electricity and generally for taking
measures conducive to development of electricity industry,
promoting competition therein, protecting interest of consumers and
supply of electricity to all areas, rationalization of electricity tariff,
ensuring transparent policies regarding subsidies, promotion of
efficient and environmentally benign policies, constitution of Central
Electricity Authority, Regulatory Commissions and establishment of
Appellate Tribunal and for matters connected therewith or incidental
thereto.

INVESTIGATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Section 126: (Assessment): --(1) If on an inspection of any place or premises or after inspection
of the equipments, gadgets, machines, devices found connected or

used, or after inspection of records maintained by any person, the

assessing officer comes to the conclusion that such person is
indulging in unauthorized use of electricity, he shall provisionally
access to the best of his judgement the electricity charges payable
by such person or by any other person benefited by such use.

(2) The order of provisional assessment shall be served upon the

person in occupation or possession or in charge of the place or
premises in such manner as may be prescribed.

1[(3) The person, on whom an order has been served under subsection (2) shall be entitled to file objections, if any, against the
provisional assessment before the assessing officer, who shall, after
affording a reasonable opportunity of hearing to such person, pass a
final order of assessment within thirty days from the date of service
of such order of provisional assessment of the electricity charges
payable by such person.]

(4) Any person served with the order of provisional assessment,

may, accept such assessment and deposit the assessed amount
with the licensee within seven days of service of such provisional
assessment order upon him.
Inspection receipts from the enforcement teams:

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Following Websites has been used for reference :1 . www.bsesdelhi.com
2. www.electrical4u.com
3. Wikipedia