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Graphical Solutions of Linear Inequalities: 2 (2 X Y) 2 (X+ Y) 4

This document discusses linear inequalities in two variables and their graphical solutions. It explains that a solution to a linear inequality is a set of points that satisfy the inequality in the XY plane. Dashed lines represent < or > inequalities, while solid lines represent ≥ or ≤ inequalities. Examples are given of solving linear inequalities graphically by sketching the corresponding line and identifying the feasible region. The document also discusses solving systems of linear inequalities graphically and applying linear inequalities to model production constraints in a manufacturing problem.

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Mansoor Khalid
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95 views9 pages

Graphical Solutions of Linear Inequalities: 2 (2 X Y) 2 (X+ Y) 4

This document discusses linear inequalities in two variables and their graphical solutions. It explains that a solution to a linear inequality is a set of points that satisfy the inequality in the XY plane. Dashed lines represent < or > inequalities, while solid lines represent ≥ or ≤ inequalities. Examples are given of solving linear inequalities graphically by sketching the corresponding line and identifying the feasible region. The document also discusses solving systems of linear inequalities graphically and applying linear inequalities to model production constraints in a manufacturing problem.

Uploaded by

Mansoor Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Inequalities in two variables

A solution of a linear inequality in two variables is a set of points


which satisfies the inequality. Graphically, It is a region in the XY
plane.
For < or > inequalities we use a dashed line. For
inequalities we use a solid line.

A solid line is included in the solution, a dashed line is not.


To solve a linear inequality graphically, We will sketch the line
corresponding to the equation and then strike out the points we
do not need.
GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES
1. Solve

y 10 ;

Sketch the line y = 10 in the XY plane. Shade the region we not


not need.

For inequalities of > or < form, we used dotted lines to sketch.


The points on the dotted line are NOT part of the solution.

2. Solve the inequality 2 (2 x y ) <2 ( x+ y )4


4 x 2 y <2 x+ 2 y + 4

4 x 4 y <2 x4

x
y > +1
2

Sketch y x/2 +1=0 as a dotted line. Strike out the region below
the line.

Is ( 0,2) a solution?
Is (1,2) a solution?
Is ( 6,2) a solution?
Verify mathematically or see the graph!!!

Solve the following system of inequalities graphically, and clearly indicate the feasible region:
Q.1 x-y>4, x<2,y>-5
>

>
>
Solve the following system of inequalities graphically, and clearly indicate the feasible region:
Q.2
x+y4, 0 y, 0x,3x+y6
>

>
>

Is ( 0,2) a solution?
Is (1,2) a solution?
Is ( 6,2) a solution?
Verify mathematically or see the graph!!!

Solving systems of inequalities.


Sketch the line corresponding to each inequality separately and
strike out the region we do not need.

x +10
{ y 2
y x2

Line 1: y = -2x + 10.


We require the region above the line!
Line 2: y = x-2.
We require the region above the line!
Any point lying in the unshaded region along with the borders will
satisfy both inequalities.

Application: A firm manufactures two products. The


products must be processed through one department.
Product A requires 4 hiours per unit, product B requires 2
hours per unit. The production time available in the
coming week is 60 hours.
Set up the linear inequality for this restriction.

Let x = total no. of units produced of product A


Y = total no. of units produced of product B
Total hours in production cannot exceed 60. So
2 x + 4 y 60

Since x and y are production levels, we have

x 0, y 0.

Graphical Solution for


2 x + 4 y 60

, x 0, y 0.

1
y= ( 602 x )
4

We need the region lying below this line:


Also only consider the first quadrant as production levels cannot
be negative.

Suppose the products need to be processed through


another department also. If A requires 3 hours per unit
and B requires 5 hours per unit and there are a total of 75
hours available, set up the inequality describing this and
sketch the solution on the same graph.

3 x+5 y 75

Solution is the area ABCD.


Each point in this region gives a combination of the two products
which can be produced.

Points to think about:

Do points on AB satisfy the solution.

On BC??

Why are combinations in the triangle AEB not possible?

Why are combinations in the triangle BCF not possible?

Objective: If each unit of x costs $5 and each unit pf y


costs $6, formulate the objevtive function which will
maximize profit.

Maximize z = 5x + 6y
The objective is to see the feasible solution which will give a
maximum possible profit.

The LP model for this problem is:


Maximize z = 5x + 6y
Subject to
2 x + 4 y 60
3 x+5 y 75

x0

, y 0.

Linear Programming
This is a mathematical optimization technique, where we try to
maximize or minimize some objective. The most common
application of LP is allocating limited resources among competing
activities in a best possible way i.e. the optimal way. The adjective
linear means that all the mathematical functions in this model are
required to be linear functions.
Decision variables: These are the variables for which certain
decisions need to be made in order to achieve our objective.
Objective Function: Function to be maximized or minimized

Constraints: Restricitons/Conditions applied on our decision


variables are called constraints.

Feasible Points: The set of all solutions to the system of linear


constraints are feasible points. There could be infinitely many
feasible points.
Feasible Region: The set of all feasible points is called the feasible
region.

Nonnegativity Constraint: Every LP practical optimization problem


has this constraint which says that the variables cannot be
negative.

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