Research Methodology - Loreal
Research Methodology - Loreal
DECLARATION
I, Sampada Shelar, Student Of Master Of Commerce (M.COM)
Accountancy Group Semester-III, Roll No. 16A241 Of Chetanas H. S.
College Of Commerce & Economics & Smt. K. C. College. Of Arts,
(CHETANAS
M.COM
CENTRE)
Bandra (East),
Mumbai-400051,
The
Subject
Research
____________________________
SAMPADA DEEPAK SHELAR
CERTIFICATE
I, PROF. DR. SUJATA KARMARKAR Hereby Certify That Sampada
Deepak
Shelar, Roll.
No.
16A241
Of
M.Com.
Semester-III
Of
________________
_________________
Internal Guide
External Guide
________________
Coordinator
__________________
Principal
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At This Juncture, I Would Like To Express My Sincere Gratitude To Those
Who Have Helped Me Directly Or Indirectly During This Project. My
Sincere Thanks To PROF. DR. SUJATA KARMARKAR For Her Whole
Hearted Support, Constructive Advice And Practical Guidance. I Would
Also Like To Thank The College Library For The Reference Material And
Information Used.
_________________________
SAMPADA DEEPAK SHELAR
INDEX
SR.NO
CONTENT
PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION
The average person is exposed to 2500 advertising messages per day through various media
channels such as billboards, magazines and newspapers, television, radio, online etc. As
human beings, we have a limited amount of storage space in which we retain these brands
and it is therefore very important for the future success of brands that the people in charge of
managing them are aware of who the target audience is, what it is in their lives that they want
brands to fulfil, and how the current image, perception or attitude of YOUR brand compares
to that of your competitors brands.
Nowadays, a successful brand can be a determining factor in whether or not a business is
successful (Haig, 2004). The process of branding involves creating and managing an identity
for your brand through which a clear message is expressed. It is important that the values and
images associated with the brand are clearly identified by the organization, regularly
checked to determine whether they are (still) relevant and consistently portrayed at every
touch point with the consumer. It is vital that the manufacturers / marketers of the brand
understand what the consumers wants and needs are and that they are able to anticipate what
they will be in the future. Smart organizations understand how important it is to create an
emotional link between brands and consumers, and even form relationships with them, in
order to create a situation of
purpose of this research report is to perform a brand audit in order to measure the brand
image of the corporate LOral brand.
This will / should prove to be valuable information for LOral as it will inform them as to
whether or not their current brand positioning is aligned with what the consumer desires, and
through uncovering the current brand image profile, LOral will be aware of whether or not
action is needed in order to improve the image.
COMPANY PROFILE
The L'Oral Group is a French cosmetics and beauty company, headquartered in Clichy,
Hauts-de-Seine, France. It is the world's largest cosmetics company, and has a registered
office in Paris It has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair
colour, skin care,sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care, the company is active
in the dermatological, tissue engineering and pharmaceutical fields and is the
top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States.
LOREAL IN INDIA
L'Oral, the world leader in cosmetics, is synonymous with beauty, innovation and scientific
excellence in more than 130 countries.
In India, they employ over 1,000 people across six sites including: four regional offices, a
factory in Chakan, Pune and their headquarters in Mumbai. Our continuous commitment to
research and development ensures we continue to deliver innovative, safe, high quality
products to Indians.
Success starts with the people. Most people of LOreal Paris are precious asset - respect for
people, their ideas and differences, is the only path to sustainable long-term growth. That's
why they value individual talent over process and structure.
They embrace responsibility to their employees, their consumers, their environment and the
communities in which they operate.
In India, Lorel Pasir has encouraged scientific education for women through their
Scholarship programme For Young Women in Science in association with their global
partners - UNESCO. Our programme Hairdressers Against AIDS fights against ignorance
about AIDS by training a network of hairdressers about AIDS prevention so they can pass the
message on to the public. Beautiful Beginnings provides training in beauty services to
underprivileged women.
Skin care
Make up
Hair color
Hair care
Indian models who have been Brand ambassador of L'Oral Paris are:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Hanna Bornmark, Kristianstad University
According to theory, consumer choose a brand they recognize, before an unfamiliar brand. If
the consumer do not choose according to theories, what are the factors that have a greater
effect on the buying behaviour?
There is not much research about the effect of brand awareness on brand choice, which is
why this subject was investigated. One of the purpose of this dissertation was to do a research
about brand awareness, to see to what extent it matters when purchasing the first time in an
unfamiliar environment. One of the objectives was to determine if there were any differences
in buying behaviour between the choosen cultures. The research group was limited to the
students from China, India and Iran at Kristianad University. Due to the low number of
participants from India, we had to exclude them from our analysis.
The research questions were important since they structured the problem that was to be
answered and made it easier to limit the scope of the dissertation. The questionnaire that was
handed out reflected our research questions. This made it possible to observe which product
the students recognized most and which product recognized the least.
The conclusion of the dissertation was that all investigated factors had some importance for
choice of brand, while quality had a greater effect on brand choice than brand awareness.
Further, there was no difference in buying behaviour between the cultures. Finally, it was not
possible to state any difference in buying behaviour the first time compared to today.
NEED OF STUDY
A brand awareness and Brand perception survey was needed because of following reasons:
To know how does consumer feel about the products of LOreal Paris?
10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Research refers to search of knowledge. The pattern in which a research is carried out to
arrive at a conclusion or to final new relationship within a particular framework is called
research methodology. Research methodology also refers to the various sequences, steps to be
adopted by a researcher to study a problem with certain objectives in view.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design is the framework or plan for a study that guides the collection and
analysis of the data. It is a map or blue print according to which research is to be conducted.
The research design is given below,
Following steps are undertaken to conduct this research:1. Selection of the subject.
2. Objectives of the study.
3. Collection of data.
4. Analyzing the data.
5. Title of the project.
TYPE OF DATA COLLECTED:There are two types of data used. They are primary and secondary data. Primary data is
defined as data that is collected from original sources for a specific purpose. Secondary data
is data collected from indirect sources. These include books, the internet, company brochures,
product brochures, the company website, competitors websites etc, newspaper articles etc.
The data is like heart of all types of research. This collection of data depends
upon the purpose for which the data is required .it is considered to be very important steps as
it is the basis of foundation of investigation.
11
A) PRIMARY DATA:- It is the data collected by a person for his own use obtained from
the findings. This is considered to be the first hand information. These are those data
which are collected by us to meet our own specific purpose.
The methods which are adopted for collecting primary data for the purpose of this project
report are as follows:-
I Data Through QuestionnaireA questionnaire has been prepared and filled by the female customer who uses
products of LOreal by doing market survey.
II Personal Interviews:A direct personal interview of several users has been taken. Their views were taken
regarding the quality of the products which satisfy them by fulfilling there requirements.
Other methods which are adopted for collecting primary data to complete this project report
are Direct personal observation , and ,
Indirect oral investigation.
B) SECONDARY DATA:It is the data which is collected by some other person or the organization itself for
their own use, but, this type of data/information can also be used by the researchers for his
use as second hand information.
Sources through which secondary data for this project report are collected by
journals, magazines and internet.
After gathering all the required information I decided to go in for this project as
this project would give me the practical experience and also provide me with an opportunity
to work on a subject of my interest.
12
13
PARTICULARS
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE
PRIVATE EMPLOYEE
SELF EMPLOYEE
STUDENTS
OTHERS
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
1
1
4
41
3
50
PERCENTAGE
2
2
8
82
6
100
6% 2% 2%
8%
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE
PRIVATE EMPLOYEE
STUDENTS
OTHERS
SELF EMPLOYEE
82%
14
TABLE NO. .2
TABLE SHOWING THE GENDER PROPORTION OF THE RESPONDENTS
PARTICULARS
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
8
42
50
PERCENTAGE
16%
84%
100
CHART NO.2
CHART SHOWING THE GENDER PROPORTION OF THE
RESPONDENTS
16%
Male
Female
84%
INFERENCE: The chart denotes 84% of respondents who answered the questionnaire are
female.
15
TABLE NO. 3
TABLE SHOWING THE INCOME LEVEL OF THE RESPONDENT
PARTICULARS
Rs.10,000- Rs.20,000
Rs.21,000-Rs.30,000
Rs.30,000 ABOVE
NIL
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
6
4
2
38
50
PERCENTAGE
12%
8%
4%
76%
100
CHART NO.3
CHART SHOWING THE INCOME LEVEL OF THE RESPONDENTS
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
76%
30%
20%
12%
8%
4%
Rs
10
00
020
00
0
RS
21
00
030
00
0
Rs
30
00
0
ab
ov
e
0%
il
10%
Percentage of respondents
INFERENCE: It shows that 76% of respondents income level falls Nil because the
research was performed amongst students.
16
TABLE NO. 4
TABLE SHOWING THE NO OF RESPONDENTS WHO ARE AWARE OF
LOREAL PARIS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
NO
48
2
96%
4%
TOTAL
50
100
CHART NO. 4
CHART SHOWING THE RESPONDENTS AWARE OF LOREAL PARIS
4%
Yes
No
96%
TABLE NO. 5
17
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
PRICE
QUALITY
PACKAGING
FRAGRANCE
BRAND IMAGE
TOTAL
1
29
1
6
13
50
2%
58%
2%
12%
26%
100
CHART NO.5
CHART SHOWING CONSUMERS BUYING ASPECT OF LOREAL
PARISS PRODUCTS
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
58%
Percentage of Respondents
20%
26%
10%
Pa
ck
ag
in
g
Fr
ag
ra
nc
e
Br
an
d
Im
ag
e
2%
Q
ua
lit
y
Pr
ic
e
0%
12%
2%
INFERENCE: It is observed that customers prefer purchasing LOreal Paris for its quality.
18
TABLE NO.6
TABLE SHOWING CUSTOMERS 1st PREFERENCE TOWARDS
LOREAL PARISS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
1
25
21
1
2
50
2%
50%
42%
2%
4%
100
STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NEUTRAL
DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISSAGREE
TOTAL
CHART NO.6
CHART SHOWING CUSTOMERS 1st PREFERENCE TOWARDS LOREAL
PARISS
60%
50%
40%
30%
50%
Percentage of Respondents
42%
20%
10%
D
is
ag
re
e
4%
St
ro
ng
ly
St
ro
ng
ly
2%
eu
tr
al
2%
Ag
re
e
0%
INFERENCE It is inferred that only 12% of respondents strongly agree LOreal Paris is their
1st preference.
19
TABLE NO. 7
TABLE SHOWS HOW RESPONDENTS CAME TO KNOW ABOUT
LOREAL PARISS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
39
78%
12%
4%
2%
2%
50
100
ADVERTISEMENT
FRIENDS
INTERNET
WORD OF MOUTH
INFLUENCE
MAGAZINE
TOTAL
CHART NO. 7
CHART SHOWS HOW RESPONDENTS CAME TO KNOW ABOUT
LOREAL PARISS
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
2%
2%
E
ET
IN
TE
RN
4%
IN
12%
0%
M
AG
AZ
10%
AD
VE
RT
IS
EM
EN
Percentage of respondents
78%
20
INFERENCE It is found that LOreal Paris influenced 78% of its customers through
advertisements.
21
TABLE NO.8
TABLE SHOWING WHICH IS THE BEST PRODUCT OF LOREAL PARIS
PARTICULARS
SKIN CARE
MAKE UP
HAIR COLOUR
HAIR CARE
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
4
11
7
28
50
PERCENTAGE
8%
22%
14%
56%
100
CHART NO. 8
CHART SHOWING WHICH IS THE BEST PRODUCT OF LOREAL PARIS
900%
800%
700%
600%
500%
400%
Percentage of Respondents
300%
200%
100%
22%
CA
RE
H
AI
R
R
CO
LO
U
H
AI
R
U
M
AK
E
CA
RE
SK
IN
56%
14%
8%
0%
INFERENCE: It is found that 56% of customers like Hair care products of LOreal Paris.
22
TABLE NO.9
TABLE SHOWING WHETHER LOREAL PARIS IS COSTLY?
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
45
90%
10%
50
100
YES
NO
TOTAL
CHART NO. 9
CHART SHOWING WHETHER LOREAL PARIS IS COSTLY?
10%
YES
NO
90%
23
TABLE NO. 10
TABLE SHOWING CUSTOMERS OPION TOWARDS LOREAL PARISS
ADVERTISEMENT
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
18%
36
72%
10%
0%
0%
50
100
EXCELLENT
GOOD
FAIR
BAD
WORST
TOTAL
CHART NO. 10
CHART SHOWING CUSTOMERS OPION TOWARDS LOREAL PARISS
ADVERTISEMENT
10%
18%
EXCELLENT
GOOD
FAIR
BAD
WORST
72%
24
TABLE NO.11
TABLE SHOWING THE CUSTOMERS PURCHASING PATTERN OF
LOREAL PARIS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
6%
13
26%
25
50%
14%
4%
135
100
VERY OFTEN
REGULAR
SOMETIMES
OCCASIONALLY
NEVER BUY
TOTAL
CHART NO. 11
CHART SHOWING THE CUSTOMERS PURCHASING PATTERN OF
LOREAL PARIS
60%
50%
40%
30%
50%
26%
10%
14%
6%
Y
N
EV
ER
BU
AL
LY
IO
N
O
CC
AS
SO
M
ET
IM
ES
LA
R
2%
RE
G
U
O
FT
EN
0%
VE
RY
No. of respondents
20%
25
INFERENCE:The chart denotes 50% of the respondents purchase LOreal Paris only
sometimes.
26
TABLE NO.12
TABLE SHOWING THE AVAILIBILITY OF LOREAL PARIS IN ALL
OUTLETS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
NO
32
18
64%
36%
TOTAL
50
100
CHART NO. 12
CHART SHOWING THE AVAILIBILITY OF LOREAL PARIS IN ALL
OUTLETS
36%
YES
NO
64%
INFERENCE: It is inferred that the majority of respondents say LOreal Paris is available in
all outlets.
27
TABLE NO. 13
TABLE SHOWING PROPOTIONATE OF RESONDENTS AWARE OF
LOREAL PARIS BRAND AMBASSADOR
PARTICULARS
AISHWARIYA RAI
SONAM KAPOOR
RESPONDENTS
26
16
PERCENTAGE
52%
32%
KATRINA KAIF
12%
UNAWARE
4%
TOTAL
50
100
CHART NO. 13
CHART SHOWING PROPOTIONATE OF RESONDENTS AWARE OF
LOREAL PARIS BRAND AMBASSADOR
Chart Title
4%
12%
AISHWARYA RAI
SONAM KAPOOR
KATRINA KAIF
52%
UNAWARE
32%
INFERENCE: It is observed that 52% of respondents are aware of the ambassador Aiswarya
Rai, 32% are aware of Sonam Kapoor as an ambassador and only 12 % knows about Katrina
Kaif, The new ambassador of LOreal Pariis.
28
TABLE NO.14
TABLE SHOWING PROPOTIONATE OF RESPONDENTS AWARE OF
MENS PRODUCT
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
YES
NO
TOTAL
18
32
50
PERCENTAGE
36%
64%
100
CHART NO.14
CHART SHOWING PROPOTIONATE OF RESPONDENTS AWARE OF
MENS PRODUCT
Chart Title
36%
YES
NO
64%
29
TABLE NO.15
TABLE SHOWING THE SATISFACTORY LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
HIGHLY SATISFIED
SATISFIED
NEUTRAL
4
29
14
8%
58%
28%
DISSATISFIED
HIGHLY DISSATISFIED
TOTAL
2
1
50
4%
2%
100
CHART NO.15
CHART SHOWING THE SATISFACTORY LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS
HIGHLY DISSATISFIED
DISSATISFIED
2%
4%
NEUTRAL
28%
SATISFIED
HIGHLY SATISFIED
0%
58%
8%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
30
TABLE NO. 16
TABLE SHOWING THE PRCE COMPARISON OF LOREAL PARIS WITH
OTHER PRODUCTS
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
VERY HIGH
10%
HIGH
34
68%
SAME
18%
LOW
VERY LOW
2
0
4%
0%
TOTAL
50
100
CHART NO.16
CHART SHOWING THE PRCE COMPARISON OF LOREAL PARIS WITH
OTHER PRODUCTS
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
68%
30%
20%
10%
18%
10%
4%
0%
VERY HIGH
HIGH
SAME
LOW
0%
VERY LOW
INFERENCE: The chart denotes 68% of the respondents feel the price of LOreal Paris in
high
31
TABLE NO. 17
TABLE SHOWING BUDGET FOR COSMETIC OF RESPONDENTS PER
MONTH
PARTICULARS
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
2%
27
54%
14
28%
16%
50
100
ABOVE Rs.50
Rs.150-Rs.300
Rs.300-Rs.500
ABOVE Rs.500
TOTAL
CHART NO.17
CHART SHOWING BUDGET FOR COSMETIC OF RESPONDENTS PER
MONTH
54%
60%
50%
40%
28%
30%
16%
20%
10%
2%
AB
OV
E
Rs
50
0
50
0
30
0Rs
30
0
Rs
15
0Rs
Rs
Rs
50
0%
AB
OV
E
Percentage of respondents
32
TABLE NO. 18
TABLE SHOWING ATTRIBUTES WHICH COMES IN THE MIND OF
RESPONDENTS WHEN THEY HEAR OF LOREAL PARIS.
PARTICULAR
QUALITY
BRAND
COST
SERVICE
FRAGRANCE
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
22
23
2
2
1
50
PERCENTAGE
44%
46%
4%
4%
2%
100
CHART NO. 18
SHOWING ATTRIBUTES WHICH COMES IN THE MIND OF
RESPONDENTS WHEN THEY HEAR OF LOREAL PARIS.
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
44%
46%
15%
10%
4%
2%
SE
RV
IC
E
FR
AG
RA
N
CE
4%
BR
AN
Q
U
AL
IT
Y
5%
0%
CO
ST
Percentage of respondents
25%
20%
Attributes
INFERENCE- It is inferred 46% people think of brand and 44% think of Quality when they
talk about LOreal Paris.
33
TABLE NO. 19
TABLE SHOWING IF LOREAL PARIS IS LEADER IN INDUSTRY OR
NOT.
PARTICULAR
YES
NO
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
28
22
50
PERCENTAGE
56%
44%
100
CHART NO. 19
CHART SHOWING IF LOREAL PARIS IS LEADER IN INDUSTRY OR
NOT.
Chart Title
YES
NO
44%
56%
INFERENCE- It is found that 56% people thinks that LOreal Paris is leader of industry. And
44% thinks following is leader:
Oriflame
Garniers
Ponds
Avon
Matrix
Sunsilk
Lakme
Pantene
TABLE NO. 20
34
PARTICULAR
YES
NO
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
25
25
50
PERCENTAGE
50%
50%
100
CHART NO. 20
CHART SHOWING IF CUSTOMERS WILL SWITCH OVER IN CASE OF
RISE IN PRICE OF LOREAL PARIS
50%
50%
YES
NO
INFERENCE: It is found that 50% of people will switch to other brand if prices of LOreal
Paris rises and 50% will not switch.
35
TABLE NO. 21
TABLE SHOWING CUSTOMERS INFLUENCING OTHER PEOPLE TO
BUY LOREAL PARIS
PARTICULAR
YES
NO
TOTAL
RESPONDENTS
40
10
50
PERCENTAGE
80%
20%
100
CHART NO.21
CHART SHOWING CUSTOMERS INFLUENCING OTHER PEOPLE TO
BUY LOREAL PARIS
Chart Title
20%
YES
NO
80%
INFERENCE: It is found that 80% of respondents would like to recommend LOreal Paris to
their friends and relatives.
36
FINDINGS
It is inferred from these charts and tables that:
82% people who responded for the questionnaire are students.
84% of respondents who answered the questionnaire are female.
76% of respondents income level falls Nil because the research was performed
amongst students.
96% of respondents are aware of LOreal Paris.
Customers prefer purchasing LOreal Paris for its quality.
Only 12% of respondents strongly agree LOreal Paris is their 1st preference.
LOreal Paris influenced 78% of its customers through advertisements.
56% of customers like Hair care products of LOreal Paris.
90% of respondents feel LOreal Paris is costly.
72% of respondents feel the advertisement is good.
50% of the respondents purchase LOreal Paris only sometimes.
The majority of respondents say LOreal Paris is available in all outlets.
52% of respondents are aware of the ambassador Aiswarya Rai, 32% are aware of
Sonam Kapoor as an ambassador and only 12 % knows about Katrina Kaif, The new
Paris.
98% Respondents have view that LOreal Paris is status oriented.
56% people thinks that LOreal Paris is leader of industry. And 44% thinks following
is leader: Oriflame, Garniers, Ponds, Avon, Matrix, Sunsilk, Lakme and Pantene
50% of people will switch to other brand if prices of LOreal Paris rises and 50% will
not switch.
80% of respondents would like to recommend LOreal Paris to their friends and
relatives.
products. I could identify that a high level of brand awareness is an important driver with
regard to influencing purchasing behaviour. A few analyses with regards to the desirability for
the brand indicated that there was a difference in the levels of desire according to ethnicity. It
was shown that the ethnic group which had the most desire for the brand also displayed the
most positive behaviour with regard to purchases (behaviour). Further tests were performed
which gave a clear indication that it is possible to see the effect that a favourable perception /
attitude of the corporate / product LOral brand has on influencing behavioural intention and
ultimately the end behaviour (purchases). In terms of identifying whether or not the current
value proposition of LOral is suited to the target audience, the overall impression of the
author is that it would be a strategically important move if LOral were to try to develop a
stronger emotional bond with their target audience, a well as to find ways in which to sell to
the consumer unique self-expressive benefits which can be gained when using LOral
branded products. The survey also revealed the weaker presence of LOral amongst the
black ethnic group. The author believes that this weakly tapped market could be a valuable
additional income stream for LOral if they were to develop actions to enhance the brand
imagery that this group associates with the LOral brand positively. These actions should
lead to long-term strategic and market-related benefits (e.g. market share) for LOral within
the target audience of this study.
38
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
LOral Paris concentrate on marketing and communication efforts and adjust its advertising
accordingly, in order to reflect a more accepted brand imagery for the ethnic group with
respect to the LOral brand, through meeting the desires, social and self-expressive needs of
the this group more accurately. By identifying what it is that this segment values the most in
personal care products, the brand can adjust its value proposition accordingly in order to
increase its market share. By providing a superior value proposition, and meeting the
problems, desires and needs of the consumer more appropriately, the brand can head towards
enhancing and improving the customer satisfaction and loyalty metrics. The survey did give
an indication that the respondents valued functional and emotional benefits the most when
using LOral products, but it is important for the organization to keep in mind that in this
industry, functional benefits are very easily imitated. The organization has a more endurable,
and sustainable competitive advantage when they consider their brand from a product
perspective, an organization perspective, a person perspective, as well as from a symbolic
perspective. When the brand only fixates on the product at hand, they are very susceptible to
imitation. Only by viewing the brand from the other three perspectives is the brand able to
derive a more durable and sustainable value proposition. I suggest that LOral focus on
developing brand strategies concerned with being able effectively to improve the satisfaction
of emotional needs on the part of the population in question. Solid and enduring brand
relationships are important developments in this regard, and a manner in which this can be
achieved is by encouraging loyalty (considered a brand asset) towards the brand by using
tools such as incentive programmes for the consumer. Through creating a loyal consumer
base there is more of a guarantee of future sales and profits, which in turn contributes to
positive brand equity ,Incentives, or frequent- purchasing programmes, are just some of the
ways in which LOral can improve the preference for and loyalty towards the brand, which
in turn would discourage brand switching.
39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
Aaker, D. A., 1991. Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand
Name.
Philip Kotlar., Marketing Management.
Research Methodology C.R. Kothari
WEBSITES:
http://www.forbes.com/technology/enterprisetech/2004/09/20/cxld0920itloyalty.html
.http://www.studymode.com/essays/Factors-Affecting-The-Location-Of-Retail578148.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'Or%C3%A9al
QUESTIONNAIRE
40
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Male
Female
Occupation:
Government
employee
Private
employee
Self
employee
Student
Others
Income level:
Rs.1000020000
Rs.2100030000
Rs.30000
Above
Brand image
Strongly
disagree
Magazin
41
influence
Worst
Highly
Dissatisfied
Very low
Thank You!
43