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Report Format: Table C: Report Guideline

This document provides guidelines for laboratory safety procedures and report formatting for student experiments. It outlines required sections for laboratory reports such as a cover page, summary, introduction, procedures, data, calculations, results, discussion, and conclusion. Protective equipment like laboratory coats, gloves, and eye protection are mandatory. Safety procedures address hazards from electricity, chemicals, broken glass, and machinery. Working alone after hours requires permission. Toxic substances may enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact so proper precautions must always be followed to minimize risk.

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72 views6 pages

Report Format: Table C: Report Guideline

This document provides guidelines for laboratory safety procedures and report formatting for student experiments. It outlines required sections for laboratory reports such as a cover page, summary, introduction, procedures, data, calculations, results, discussion, and conclusion. Protective equipment like laboratory coats, gloves, and eye protection are mandatory. Safety procedures address hazards from electricity, chemicals, broken glass, and machinery. Working alone after hours requires permission. Toxic substances may enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact so proper precautions must always be followed to minimize risk.

Uploaded by

VanessaYanjanHarry
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REPORT FORMAT

The following is a guide to the presentation and content of the laboratory reports that are to be submitted
by the students. Please note that the report follow the same guidelines. The report should contain more
depth, analysis and information. The report may also contain further experiments on the equipment.
Information for further experimentation is available in the manuals.
Table C: Report guideline

Item

Description
Contains the title of the experiment, the group name/number, the names

Cover Page

of the group members, the name of the lecturer in charge, the date of
experiment and the date of submission.

Summary

Introduction
& Theory

Procedure

Exp. Data

Calculations

Results

Highlights the main objective of the experiment, the experimental


conditions, the experimental results and conclusions.
Mentions about the fundamentals and background of the experiment.
The theory behind the experiment and its relevant equations should be
highlighted.
Contains a statement of how the experiment was carried out. Not
required for the short reports.
Gives a summary of the raw readings taken during the experiment. Any
observation that might be relevant should also be mentioned.
Based upon the experimental data, appropriate calculations should be
conducted to achieve the desired results.
Presents the results of the calculations. The results should be in line with
the objective of the experiment.
Discusses the experimental results. The discussion should relate

Discussion

experimental findings with its associated theory. Any weakness in the


experiment or any proposal of methods to improve the experiment
should also be discussed.

Conclusion
References

Should emphasise the main findings of the experiment. The conclusion


should answer every aspect of the experimental objectives.
Contains the list of references made in the report.

Appendices

Contains the raw readings taken during the experiment, sample


calculations and any additional information.

GENERAL SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY


This chapter contains a brief account of some aspects of safety, which are especially relevant to the
School of Chemical Engineering. It is to serve as a guide and not as a comprehensive manual on safety.
A collection of literature on laboratory hazards is maintained in the library.
The safety legislation places the onus to work safely firmly on each and every individual. Every
staff/student has, at all time, a duty to care for the Health and Safety of himself/herself and of all other
people who may be affected by his/her actions.
Responsibility cannot be delegated. As far as is reasonably practicable, everyone must observe all safety
precautions. The provision or acquisition of information concerning hazards, before they are encountered
and the development of sound practical techniques are the main ways in which standards can be
improved.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coats or other protective clothing MUST be worn at all times.
Rubber gloves should be worn handling corrosive materials, and heat-proof gauntlets when discharging
any equipments involving on heat.
FOOT-WARE: Stout shoes or boot should be worn in the plant/laboratory. Soft-shoes and trainers are not
permitted. Totector boots MUST be used during lifting and winching operations. During such operations
ALL personnel must wear helmets.
EYE PROTECTION: Goggles, full-face visor, gloves and respirators are available from SCE (School of
Chemical Engineering) and MUST BE USED whenever necessary. When working in a laboratory, either
safety spectacles or an eye shield MUST normally be worn. When performing any operation involving
hazard to the eyes, e.g. handling acids or alkalise, use either a full face visor or work in fume hood. If
there is any doubt concerning personnel safety and protection, Safety Officer/ Programme
Chairman/lecturer should be consulted.

ELECTRICITY: Very large amount of electricity is consumed during unit operations experiments.
Sometimes the floor may be wet. Care is therefore essential. Always switch off power before removing
plugs from sockets. All personnel working in the laboratory must know where to switch off all main power
supplies in an emergency.
CABLES AND HOSES: Cables must be suspended and not lying on the floor. All cables and hoses
should be routed to avoid walkways. Pipes carrying steam can cause contact burns and scalding at
outlets.
BROKEN GLASS: This should disposed off in the glass bin, NOT in the usual waste bin. Breakage
should also be reported to the technician in charge of the equipment.
HEAVY MACHINERY AND LATHES: Operation of these machines is only allowed under the supervision
of a Workshop Technician. Suitable operating procedures are laid down for these machines and adequate
guards are fitted. Never use the machine when the guards are not in place. Always obey the set
instructions and use whatever special protective clothing and equipment are specified.
INSTRUCTION SHEETS: Any appropriate instruction sheets should be studied before starting the
experiment. Particular attention should be given to the recommended precautions, start up procedure and
sequence of operation. Equipment should be left in safe condition and electrically isolated at the end of
any working period and should not be left operating when unattended. (unless the procedure given below
is complied with) Water supplies should be isolated or disconnected when the equipment is not in use.
There should be no eating or reading of newspapers in the laboratory. Smoking is strictly prohibited in all
laboratories.
OUT OF HOURS WORKING: Anyone who intends to work in the evening should inform the Programme
Chairman/lecturer concerned. Work involving any potential hazard should not be carried out by anyone
working alone outside normal working hours. For other work ( e.g. jobs not involving the use of hand tools
or chemicals or mechanical/electrical power or the handling of glassware) which can be considered nonhazardous, lone working is permissible PROVIDED their permission from the lecturer concerned/safety
officer has been approved.

TOXIC SUBSTANCES: Almost every chemical is poisonous to some extent. A recently published
estimate suggests that between 1% and 2% off all common laboratory chemicals are carcinogenic.
Therefore one must adopt a double-edged approach to the handling of all chemicals. A safe and reliable
laboratory techniques must be cultivated. Additionally must learn to recognise special toxic hazards and
carry out advance planning to deal with them. Normally a poison may enter the body through the nose,
mouth or skin.

Some techniques for avoidance are:


Do not smoke, eat or drink in laboratories. Do not use mouth pipetting techniques, always use the pipette
pump. Try not to allow chemicals to come contact with the hands. Always wash thoroughly at the end of
the period of laboratory work, and during the work if necessary.
Use a fume cupboard or glove box whenever handling materials that can gives toxic fumes, dusts or
aerosol. Where necessary use a respirator. Remember that homogenisers, centrifuges and other
dissolution techniques produce aerosols. Notice that spillage of mercury represent long-term sources of a
volatile and cumulative poison.
Broken glassware represents a common way for unintentionally injections of chemicals. Handle broken
glass and other sharp objects with caution. Chemicals can also enter the body through breaks in the skin.
Therefore use plasters or gloves whenever such risks are present.
Many liquids readily pass through the skin. Some such as aniline are poisonous in themselves, other such
as dimethysulphoxide will dissolve and carry through material which had been on the skin surface. You
must always aim to avoid or contain spillage. If they do occur, spillage must be cleared up immediately,
avoid skin contact. Rubber gloves under certain circumstances may be used to hold chemicals against
the skin.
Therefore:
(i)

Learn the various emergency procedures

(ii)

Know the location of the nearest telephone, fire alarm, fire fighting equipment, first aid box and eye
wash station. Ensure that all these appliances are maintained in a satisfactory state

(iii)

Know the location of the main control valve, stopcocks and switches.

(iv)

Use all appropriate protective devices. Eye protection must always be used when chemical
substances or apparatus are handled

(v)

Ensure that adequate warning notices are always given and that warning notices, which no longer
apply removed.

(vi)

Ensure that all equipment intended to run unattended for long periods example overnight is safely
and securely assembled, a bears a notice showing the date and clearly stating the emergency
close down procedure.

(vii)

Avoid smoking and eating in laboratories

(viii)

Do not wear laboratory coats in place where people eat or drink

(ix)

Ensure that all hazardous materials are properly stored and in the minimum quantities consistent
with the work being undertaken.

(x)

Report to the Programme Chairman/lecturer or technician on any accidents involving personal


injury and incidents which might have had serious consequences. Accident report forms are
available.

(xi)

Treat all aspects of safety as matters of paramount importance.

Thus the basic equation for any health risk (Farmer, 1989) is:

HAZARD EXPOSURE = RISK


To minimise risk, both hazard and exposure must be kept to a minimum, and this needs a propers
formulated safety masures. Safety means abiding the well laid rules, falling which will result in the
unwanted problems and disaster. The rules and regulation itself do not guarantee safety without the full
co-operation from all the members of any organisation. Realisation and appreciation of the chemical
hazards should be the main concern to us as the quality of the environment is in question which
determine the survival of the future generation.
In case of emergency, call for assistance at:
(i) UTP HSE (Health, Safety &
Environment) Department

(ii) UTP Dept. of Chemical Eng.

Contact person: Dr. Nasiman Sapari


Tel

Contact person: Pn. Rizsa Rusli (Safety Officer)


Tel

OR at:

: 05-3692102

: 05-3721113

(i) Ambulan/Bomba/Polis

General Tel

: 999

Balai Polis Pusing Tel : 05 2881222


Balai Polis Tronoh Tel : 05 3676222

(ii) District Hospital, Batu Gajah

Tel

: 05 3663333

(iii) Pusat Kesihatan Kecil Tronoh

Tel

: 05 3676355

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