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Ch. 8 Power From Heat Ch. 8 Power From Heat: Carnot Power Cycle Carnot Power Cycle

The document discusses the Carnot power cycle, Rankine cycle, and refrigeration cycles. It provides diagrams of the processes and key equations. It examines the Carnot cycle efficiency equation and how it relates to practical Rankine cycles. It also examines the Carnot refrigerator cycle and compares it to the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. The document analyzes both cycles graphically on temperature-entropy and pressure-specific volume diagrams. Key parameters like work, heat transfer, and efficiency are defined.

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Ray Yuda
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47 views10 pages

Ch. 8 Power From Heat Ch. 8 Power From Heat: Carnot Power Cycle Carnot Power Cycle

The document discusses the Carnot power cycle, Rankine cycle, and refrigeration cycles. It provides diagrams of the processes and key equations. It examines the Carnot cycle efficiency equation and how it relates to practical Rankine cycles. It also examines the Carnot refrigerator cycle and compares it to the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. The document analyzes both cycles graphically on temperature-entropy and pressure-specific volume diagrams. Key parameters like work, heat transfer, and efficiency are defined.

Uploaded by

Ray Yuda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8-9 power & refrig

Ch. 8 Power from heat


Boiler
2

QH
Turbine

Ws
(turbine)

W s (pump)
Condenser
3

4
Cooling
water in

Cooling
water out

QC

Carnot power cycle

Hot reservoir at TH
QH
C

W
QH

TH

T
Cold reservoir at TC

TC

W
T
1 C
QH
TH

116

8-9 power & refrig

Practical Rankine cycle


Boiler

QH

Turbine
Ws
(turbine)

W s (pump)
Condenser
3

QC

1
4

117

8-9 power & refrig

Practical Rankine cycle

Q m H
2

W S ( isentropic) m ( H )S
T

1
4

3
S

W S ( actual ) m H
m ( H S )

Q m H

WS ( isent .) H S VP
WS ( actual ) H

cycle

H S

W cycle

boliler

Wcycle W ( net ) Wturbine W pump Qboiler Qcondenser

Practical Rankine cycle


2

W S ( isentropic) m ( H )S
W S ( actual ) m H
m ( H S )

(H)S=???
4

3 3
S

Isentropik: S2=S3
Cek data S pada P3 atau T3.
Jika = Sl <S3<Sv maka steam= 2 fasa
S3=Sl+x(Sv-Sl)

x =

H3=Hl+x(Hv-Hl)
H)S=H3 H2

118

8-9 power & refrig

Ch 9 Refrigeration
Qcond.
4

3
Condenser

Throttling
valve

Compressor

Evaporator

Qevap=QC.

Carnot refrigerator
Hot reservoir at TH
QH
R

QH

QC
TH

Cold reservoir at TC

T
TC

QC

119

8-9 power & refrig

Carnot refrigerator

W QH QC
COP:

QH
4

TH

heat absorbed at the lower T


net work

QC
W

bagi Qc

QH QC
QH
W

1
QC
QC
QC

T
TC

QC

H
Recall: Q TH
C
C

W TH
T TC

1 H
QC TC
TC

Qc
W

TC
TH TC

Vapor-compression refrigeration

3
T

QH

Qcond.
3
Condenser

Expander Compressor

QC
S

Evaporator

Qevap.

Qevap = refrigeration capacity = refrig.load


1 ton refrigeration= 211 kJ/minute

120

8-9 power & refrig

Vapor-compression refrigeration

QC H H 2 H1

3
4

QH H 3 H 4
2

W H 3 H 4 H 2 H1

H 2 H1
H 3 H 4 H 2 H1

Q C m H

Vapor-compression refrigeration with throttling

Qcond.

3
Condenser

Throttling
valve
2

Compressor

Evaporator

Qevap=QC.
S

H 2 H1
H 3 H 4 H 2 H1

Karena isenthalpic:

H 2 H1
H3 H2

Analisis: start with W(isentropic) approach then include irreversibility


(efficiency) term

121

8-9 power & refrig

ln P
V

Specific enthalpy

122

8-9 power & refrig

Vapor-compression refrigeration with throttling


(graphical approach)
Constant S
3

Condenser

ln P
Evaporator

H S
H

H actual

condenser

throttling

evap

123

8-9 power & refrig

Vapor-compression refrigeration with throttling


(graphical approach)
Known: evaporator condition and compressor capacity or load

QC=???

Constant S
3

ln P

Hact Wcompressor
2

H S
H 3' H 2 Hs

H S
H

Hs

Hact
Hact

Vapor-compression refrigeration with throttling


(graphical approach)
Known: evaporator condition and refrig. load

W=?

Constant S

ln P

Wcompressor Hact
1

Hs

H 3 H 2 Hact

H S
H

Hact
Hact

124

8-9 power & refrig

Vapor-compression refrigeration with throttling


(graphical approach)
Constant S
3

Condenser

ln P
Evaporator

H S
H

H actual

125

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