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Elements of Art

This document summarizes key elements of art including color, value, texture, form, line, space, and shape. It describes characteristics such as hue, tint, shade, intensity, and complementary colors. It also defines visual elements such as geometric and organic forms, contour and directional lines, positive and negative space, and geometric and organic shapes. Principles of design like balance, gradation, repetition, contrast, harmony, dominance, and unity are also outlined.

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394 views3 pages

Elements of Art

This document summarizes key elements of art including color, value, texture, form, line, space, and shape. It describes characteristics such as hue, tint, shade, intensity, and complementary colors. It also defines visual elements such as geometric and organic forms, contour and directional lines, positive and negative space, and geometric and organic shapes. Principles of design like balance, gradation, repetition, contrast, harmony, dominance, and unity are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Serendipity Felicity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements of Art

Characteristics of Colors

Color
Value
Texture
Form
Line
Space
Shape

Hue
Quality which gives a color its
name.

COLOR
It is a property of light.
It is the reflection of light from
pigmented surface transmitted to
the brain by the eyes.
It is a dynamic language of design.
A powerful tool in the hands of the
designer.
It includes discovering its qualities
& emotional impact it creates
through various combinations.

Tint
Adding white to a hue

Value
Lightness/darkness of color by
adding neutrals (black/white)

Color Wheel/Spectrum

A tool used by designers to study


the relationships of colors & their
harmonies with each other.
It consists of 12 colors/hue.

Types of Color

Shade
Adding black to a hue
Intensity
Brightness/dullness of an artwork.

Chiaroscuro, an Italian word


means that means light/dark.

It refers to the changes in the


base colors.

It is also determined by how


much light is
reflected/absorbed by any
surface.
Value Scale
A guide to creating a range of
value.
Value Finder
Allows artists to find specific
values on a photograph/drawing
easily.

Classification

Highlights
Areas on an object where light is
hitting.

Monochromatic
Made up of 1 color & its shades &
tints.

Shadows
Areas on an object where light
does not hit.

Analogous
Next to each other on the color
wheel.
When used as a color scheme, it
can be dramatic.
B, BG, G,YG ; R, RV, V, BV

TEXTURE

Complementary
Found directly across from each
other.
When used as a color scheme, it
provides strong contrast.
B & O; R & G; YG & RV

Split Complementary
A color scheme that are made up
of a color & its complements
closest analogous colors.
B, YO, RO ; RO, RV, G

VALUE

Primary Colors
Red, Yellow, Blue

Secondary Colors
Orange, Violet, Green

Intermediate Colors
RO, YO, YG, BG, BV, RV

Deals with lightness & darkness of


a color.
The key to the illusion of light.
Artworks that exhibit full range of
value are generally successful.
Full range means ample amounts
of light values (tints) & dark
values (shades).
Values become critical in a work
which has no color other than
black, white & a gray scale.

Elements that deals with the sense


of touch.
Refers to the surface quality or
feel of an object. (roughness,
smoothness & softness)
The surface of any object, natural
or manufactured.
Is used to describe a 3-D work:
actual feel & the 2-D work: visual
feel.
A powerful element than can
evoke memories & emotions.
Comes from Latin word, textura,
from textus, past participle of
texere which means to weave.

Physical texture
Aka actual or tactile texture.
The actual variations upon a
surface.
Having a physical quality that can
be felt by touch.
Light
an important factor for physical
artwork, it can affect how a
surface is viewed.
Visual Texture
the illusion of having physical
texture.

Aims to portray their subject


matter realistically & with
interpretation.
Can be implied. (painted to look
like in a certain way)

Every material & support space needs


to be taken into consideration before
creating a composition.

FORM

A three dimensional geometrical


figure showing height, width &
depth. (basic)
The whole of a pieces visible
elements & the way the elements
are united. (broad)
Make-up of an item, including
geometrical dimensions, color,
density, weight, etc. that give it a
unique identity.
Can be created by forming 2 or
more shapes or 3-D shapes. (cube,
pyramid, sphere, cylinder)
Can be either organic/geometric
shapes.

Pyramid
A solid figure with a polygonal
base & triangular faces that meet
at a common point.
Cube
A 3-D solid object bounded by 6
square faces, facets/sides with 3
meeting at each vertex.
Sphere
A perfectly round geometrical
object in 3-D space. (ball)
Cylinder
One of the most basic curvilinear
geometric shapes, the surface
formed by the points at a fixed
distance from a given line
segment, the axis of the cylinder.
Figurine
A diminutive form of the word
figure.
A statuette that represents a
human, deity or animal.

Contour line
Denotes/describes an outside edge
of an object.
It divides the plane/delineates am
edge of a volume.
Directional line
Point/moves the eye in a
particular direction.
Kinds
Horizontal lines
Lines parallel to the ground.
Comfortable, relax, peaceful &
quiet.
Vertical lines
Lines that move up & down.
Shows dignity, formality, &
strength.

A series of points.

It includes the background,


foreground & middle ground.

2D
Space having length & width.
Flat. (drawings & paintings)
3D
The space over, under, behind &
around a form.
Having length, width & depth.
Sculpture, architecture, ceramics
& jewelry.
Negative Space
The background of the picture.
Refers to the space around &
between the subject matter.
The empty space between the
shapes & form.
Positive Space
It is the object, drawing or picture
in a painting.
Refers to the space of a shape
representing the subject matter.
The shapes or forms of interest.
SHAPE
An enclosed space.
Define by outlines & are 2D.
Have height & width.
Types

Diagonal lines
Lines that slant.
Portray actions & excitement.

Geometric Shapes
Have the clear edges one achieves
when using tools to create them.
Square, rectangle, Trapezoid.

Zigzag lines
Lines that are made by combining
diagonal that change direction.

Organic Shape
Have natural, less-defined edges.
Leaves, Fruits.

Lines can be interpreted as having


expressive qualities which can indicate
moods/feelings:
Thick / Thin
Weighty / Straight
Hard-edge / Soft

THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

SPACE

LINE

An area whose length is


considerably greater than its
width.
A point moved/moving through
space. This applies to drawing,
painting, printmaking, sculpture,
clay/pottery, & architecture.
Though found in the nature, it is
essential as a concept to depicting
objects, symbols & defining
shapes.
Can be actual or implied.
Classification

Refers to the distance, areas,


emptiness, between, around
within components of a piece.
An area provide for a particular
purpose.

Balance
Gradation
Repetition
Contrast
Harmony
Dominance
Unity
Scale/Proportion

BALANCE

Whole /Broken

Direction
Stability / Movement

Structure
Organized / Chaotic
Mechanical / Hand-drawn

SCALE/PROPORTION

Similar to balance in physics.


A large shape close to the center
can be balanced by a small shape
close to the edge.
A large light toned shape will be
balanced by a small dark toned
shape.
The darker the shape, the heavier
it appears to be.

GRADATION

Gradation of size & direction


produced linear perspectives.
Warm-Cool & dark-light produce
aerial perspective.
It can add interest & movement to
a shape.
Dark-light will cause the eye to
move along a shape.

REPETITION

With variation, it is interesting,


w/o variation, it is monotonous.

CONTRAST

The juxtaposition of opposing


elements.
Examples are the opposite colors
in the color wheel. R & G; B & O.
Contrast in tone/value, light &
dark.
Contrast in direction, horizontal &
vertical.
Major contrast should be located
at the center of interest.
Too much contrast can destroy
unity.

Space
Filled/ Empty
Near/ Far
2D / 3D
Position
Left / Right
Isolated / Grouped
Centered / Off-center
Top / Bottom
Form
Simple / Complex
Beauty / Ugly

Size
Large / Small
Deep / Shallow
Fat / Thin
Color
Grey scale / Color
Balck & White / Color
Light / Dark
Texture
Fine / Coarse
Smooth / Rough
Sharp / Dull
Density
Transparent / Opaque
Thick / Thin
Liquid / Solid
Gravity
Light / Heavy
Stable / Unstable
HARMONY

Combining similar, related


elements.
Adjacent colors or similar shapes.

DOMINANCE

Gives a painting interest,


counteracting confusion &
monotony.
It can be applied to one/more of
the elements to give emphasis.

UNITY

Relating the design elements to


the ides being expressed in a
painting reinforces unity.
Aggressive subject: oblique
direction, course / rough texture &
angular lines.

Quiet, passive subject: horizontal


lines, soft texture & less tonal
contrast.
Unity in painting also refers to the
visual linking of various elements
of the work.

Using relative size of elements


against each other can attract
attention to s focal point.
When elements are designed
larger than life, scale is being used
to show drama.

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