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FilmGlossaryofFilmTerms PDF

This document provides definitions for common filmmaking roles, structural elements, filming techniques, shots, and lighting terms. It defines key roles like producer, director, cinematographer, and editor. It describes common plot structures and elements like the protagonist, antagonist, climax, and resolution. It also defines different camera shots and angles as well as lighting and continuity techniques used in film production.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
63 views5 pages

FilmGlossaryofFilmTerms PDF

This document provides definitions for common filmmaking roles, structural elements, filming techniques, shots, and lighting terms. It defines key roles like producer, director, cinematographer, and editor. It describes common plot structures and elements like the protagonist, antagonist, climax, and resolution. It also defines different camera shots and angles as well as lighting and continuity techniques used in film production.

Uploaded by

JoannaTmsz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Glossary of Film Terms

ROLES
pr o du ce r th e bu si n e ss e x ec u ti v e wh o b ri n gs t og eth e r th e v ari ou s
arti s ts , t e ch n i ci an s , su bc on t ra ct o rs a n d fi n an ci e r s r equ i r ed f or
th e fi l m t o b e ma d e, th en du ri n g p r odu c ti on o v er s e e s th e fi lm s
s ch edu l e s, c o sts a n d c on t ra ct s.
di r ec to r th e fi l ms ch i e f a rti sti c c o - o rdi n at or o r au th o ri ty ,
r e sp on si bl e fo r bl o c ki n g th e c am e ra an d c a st (i .e . d e ci di n g wh er e
th e y m ov e ) an d el i ci ti n g (de si gn i n g, d r a wi n g ou t) th ei r
pe r f o rman c e s , an d f o r b ri n gi n g i n th e fi lm on ti me an d wi th i n
bu dg et; u su al l y ov e r s e es e v e ryth i n g an d of t en r e sp on si bl e f or
e v e ryth i n g app e a ri n g on - s cr e en .
ci n em at o gr a p he r ( di r ec to r o f p ho to g r ap h y) th e a rti s t a n d
te ch n i ci an r e sp on si bl e f o r th e fi l m s l i gh ti n g an d ph ot og r aph y, an
e xp e rt wi th l i gh ts , l en s e s, cam e r as , fi l m st o ck s , an d
ph ot o gr aph i c p r o c es s es wh o d esi gn s an d t e st s di ff e r en t ef f e ct s
u n ti l th ey m at ch t h e di r e ct o r s i n ten ti on s f o r th e fi l m, th en
o v er s e e s th e a ctu al sh o oti n g.
a rt d i r ect o r ( p ro d uct i on d es i gn e r ) t h e a rti st w h o s el e ct s o r
de si gn s th e s ets , s e tti n gs, l o cati o n s , an d p r op s s e en i n th e fi l m,
i n ac c o rdan c e wi th t h e fi l m s vi su al st yl e .
ed it o r th e p e r s on w h o r ec ei v e s w o rk p ri n ts of th e fi l m s t ak e s,
l ogs th em , cu ts a n d s pl i ce s th e p r e f e r r e d ta k e s i n t o a r ou gh cu t,
th en wi th di r e ct o r t r i ms sh ot s an d r ec on st ru ct s s equ en c e s u n ti l a
de si r ed "fi n al c u t" o f t h e w or k p ri n t h a s em e rg ed .
STRUCTURE
pr ot a go n i st al m ost al wa y s th e m aj o r c h ar ac t e r o f a d ram a , t h e
"h e ro " wh o s e em s t o i n i ti ate th e a cti on or i s m o st a ff e ct ed by i t,
th ou g h s om eti m e s n ot an i n di vi du al bu t a g r ou p , t ri be , s o ci e ty,
cu l tu r e o r d o mi n an t i dea .
a nt a go n is t an y ch a ra ct e r o r f o rc e opp o si n g th e p r ota g on i st s
(qv) d e si r e s, m aki n g fo r di f fi cu l ti es or dr ama ti c c on fl i ct; i n U .S .
fi l ms u su al l y, th ou g h n ot al wa ys , a " ba d gu y" .
id e nt if i c at io n th e pr o c e ss of i magi n i n g on e s el f t o b e a s c r e en
ch a ra ct e r , or i n th at ch a ra ct e r s p r edi c a men t; u n d e rs tan di n g an d
sy mpa th i si n g wi th a s c r e en c h a ra ct e r s th ou g h ts an d f e el i n gs .
mo r a l co n fl i ct a c o n fl i ct of p ri n ci pl es a ff e cti n g (o ft en t w o)
ch a ra ct e r s , o r wi th i n a si n gl e ch a ra ct e r .
se tt i ng th e ti m e an d pl ac e wh e r e th e a cti on oc cu r s .

sy mb o l an y th i n g o r a ct s e en t o m od el , p r e s en t o r r ep r e s e n t th e
me an i n g o f i ts own l ar g er i mpl i cati on s.
cl i m act ic st r uct u r e pl ot c on st ru cti on bas e d on a si n gl e p r obl e m
o r i s su e p o s ed at th e ou t s et, d e v el op ed th r ou gh c on fl i ct a n d
c ompl i cati on i n a " ri si n g" a cti on , cl i max ed i r r e v e r si bl y n e ar th e
en d , an d r e sol v e d o r fu l l y c omp r eh en de d a ft e r th e cl i max , t h e
st ru ctu r e a ssu m ed b y vi rtu al l y al l dra ma an d st o ry t el li n g i n th e
W es t e rn w o rl d f o r t h e pa st th r e e th ou s an d y ea r s .
cl i m ax th at m om en t o r s c en e n e a r th e en d of a d r ama ti c a cti on
wh en c on fl i cti n g ch a ra ct e r s o r fo r c e s c o n f r on t e a ch oth e r ,
wh at e v e r i s at i s su e b e c om e s fu l l y kn o w n , an d wh at e ve r wi ll
c om e of i t i s fi n al l y det e r mi n ed , s o m eti me s cal l ed th e " obl igat o ry
s ce n e. "
ob l ig a to r y s ce n e a w o r k s an ti ci pat e d cl i max, th e pa y - o ff f or al l
ea rl i e r u n c e rt ai n ti es an d t en si on s , wh en pl ot i s su es a r e fi n all y
s ettl e d on e w ay o r an o th e r ( al s o cal l ed d en ou em en t o r
r e s olu ti on ) .
cl o su r e a s en s e o f f i n ali ty f el t as th e a c ti on en d s , wi th th e pl ot
pr obl em r e s ol v ed , o th e r i ss u es a d equ at el y s et tl ed , an d th e
ou t c om e of th e ch a r act e r s su p p os e d l i ve s th er e af t e r su ffi ci en tl y
pr edi c tabl e ; r e c en tl y s om e u n c e rtai n ty i n th e s e mat t e rs h a s
be c om e a c c ept abl e .
FILMING
co nt in u it y e n su ri n g th at th e d et ai l s o f a s c en e ( e .g . h ai r s t yl e
an d l en gth , cl ot h i n g d etai l s, p r op p o si tion s) ma tch an d ma k e
s en s e wh en m ovi n g f ro m on e sh ot t o an oth e r .
tr ac ki n g s h ot th e c am e ra m o vi n g sm o o th l y on tr a ck s , o r d ol l i es
to wa rd s , b u t m o r e c om m on l y al on g si de , wh at ev e r i t s e es ; w h il e
wh at e v e r i t s e e s ma y al s o b e m o vi n g.
do l ly a ca m er a pl atf or m on wh e el s, s o me ti me s wi th a sm a ll
c ran e a s w el l , f o r sl ow r ol l i n g sh ot s t ow ar d, a wa y f r om , o r
al on g si de wh at ev e r i s b ei n g ph ot o gr aph ed .
cr a n e s ho t a sh ot d i spl ayi n g a fl o wi n g o r fl o ati n g m o v em e n t u p
an d ac r o s s sh o rt di s tan c e s , app a r en tl y l i ber at ed f r o m gr avi t y,
th e cam e r a m ou n t e d on a c r an e.
sh ot a t ak e , th e fi lm f ro m a si n gl e c on ti n u ou s , u n i n te r ru pt ed ru n
o f th e ca m er a.
se q ue n ce th e s pl i ced sh ot s an d s c en e s ma ki n g u p a si n gl e
si gn i fi can t d ram ati c u n i t.
cut th e spl i ced pl a c e b et w e en t w o f ra m e s wh e r e on e sh ot e n ds
ab ru ptl y an d an ot h e r b egi n s; al s o th e di r e ct o r s c al l to th e c r ew
to s h o p sh o oti n g.

lo c at io n a pl ac e s o me di st an c e f r om th e s tu di o wh i ch l o o ks
su i tabl e f o r ex t eri or s c en e s , o r , i f e sp e c i all y au th en ti c , f o r
i n teri o r sc e n es a s w el l .
st e ad i c am a h an d - h el d ca m e ra th at al l ow s th e op e rat o r t o tak e
r el ati vel y sm o oth sh ot s wh i l e m o vi n g al on g wi th th e ac ti on .
PHOTOGRAPHY incl. ANGLES, SHOTS etc
cl o se -u p a s h o t ma de wi th a c am e ra p o si ti on o r l en s s etti n g
fi lli n g th e s c r e en wi th th e i mag e of an y ob j e ct th e si z e o f a
h u man f ac e o r s mal le r , g en e r ati n g st r on g vi ew e r at te n ti v en e ss
an d f e el i n gs o f i n ti ma cy .
me d iu m s h ot a sh o t m ad e wi th th e ca me r a s e emi n gl y n e a r wh at
i t s e es bu t n ot cl o s e t o i t, fami l i ar bu t n ot i n ti mate , sh o wi n g a
h u man fi gu r e f r om t h e w ai st u p.
lo n g s h ot a sh ot m ad e wi th th e c am e r a s o m e di stan c e f r om th e
obj e ct vi ew ed , sh o w i n g at l ea st a h u ma n f o r m fu l l y vi si bl e (h e ad
to t o e) wi th i n th e f r am e bu t s o m eti me s sh owi n g a wi de p an o ra ma
s e en by a ca m er a e v en fu rth e r a wa y.
h ig h- a ng l e sh ot a sh ot ma d e wi th th e ca m er a l oo ki n g do w n , as
i f su p eri or t o wh at i t s e es .
lo w - an g le s ho t a s h ot m ad e wi th th e c am e ra l o oki n g u p , a s i f
th e vi ew e r w e r e a w ed o r c o w ed by w h a t i s s e en .
p an a ca me r a s h o ri z on t al pi v ot ac r o s s a p an o ram a o r wi d e s c en e
wh i l e oth e rwi s e i mmo bi l e on a t ri p od , c r eati n g th e i mp r e s si on o f
a h ea d tu r n i n g d el i be rat el y t o i n sp e ct a fi el d of vi si on .
z oo m a l en s wh i ch can b e adj u st e d f r o m "wi d e an gl e " to
"t el eph ot o " an d can th e r ef o r e al l ow th e vi e w e r t o s e em t o mo v e
cl o s e r o r fu rth e r a w ay f r o m an obj e ct w i th ou t th e ca m e ra
actu al l y m ovi n g .
PO V o r s u bj ec t iv e sh ot a sh ot f r om th e p oi n t of vi ew o f o r l i n e
o f si gh t o f a ch a ra ct e r , th e ca m er a s e ei n g wh at th e ch a ra ct e r
su pp o s edl y s e e s .
re a ct io n sh ot u su a ll y a qu i c k i n s e rt sh ot o r cu t awa y i n m e di u m
sh ot o r cl o s e - u p , sh owi n g h ow a k e y c h ar ac t er o r a g r ou p o f
pe opl e a re r ea cti n g to wh at e v er w e h av e j u s t s e en , o ft en t o
su gg e st h ow w e sh o u l d r ea ct .
es t ab l i sh i n g s ho t a l on g sh ot gi vi n g a n ov e r vi e w o f th e s c en e
s o t h e au di en c e i s n ot c on fu s ed ab ou t w h at i s h a pp en i n g a n d
wh er e .

LIGHTING
co nt r as t ( of i mag e) g rad e s of l i gh t an d da rk .
b ack l ig ht l i gh ts i l lu mi n ati n g th e mai n i mage f r o m th e r ea r ,
s cu l pti n g i t f r om th e ba c kg r ou n d wi th h i gh li gh ted e dg e s, a s wi th
h al o ed h ai r .
ke y l i gh t l i gh ti n g w h i ch s el ec ti vel y i l l umi n ate s f r om th e fr on t
va ri ou s p r omi n en t f ea tu re s of th e i mag e , su ch a s fa c e s o r h an d s,
an d p ro vi d es th e r ef l ect ed gl e am i n an a ct o r s ey e .
h ig h-k e y ( r e al i st ic ) l i gh t in g l i gh ti n g s tyl e i n wh i ch al l pa r ts o f
th e s et an d th e s c r e en a r e r el ati v el y ev en l y l i t, su g g es ti n g a
fami l i ar w o rl d c on t a i ni n g f e w su rp ri s e s o r my st e ri e s .
lo w -k ey (ex p re s s i on i st ic ) li g ht i ng l igh ti n g wi th st r on gl y
c on t ra st ed a r e as o f li gh t an d sh ad o w, o f ten wi th on e f eatu r e of
th e i mag e l i t fr o m o n e si d e o r b el o w an d th e r es t d a rk , c r e ati n g
a s en s e o f l u rki n g m ys t er y ( cal l ed l o w - k e y b ec au s e th e k ey li gh t
i s tu rn ed l ow o r o f f ).
SOUND
a mb i en t s ou n d "l i ve " b a ck gr ou n d s ou n ds c r e ati n g th e i ll u si on
th at w e a r e s e ei n g an d h e a ri n g a r eal wo rl d, su ch a s th e s ou n d s
o f di s tan t bi rd s o r c ar s , s u p p os e dl y i n ci den t al bu t i n f a ct
fu n cti on i n g t o en h a n c e th e dr am a
w i ld (l i ve ) so u nd s ou n d a ctu al l y r e c o r ded wh i l e th e sh o t i s
mad e , o ft en of p o o r qu al i ty an d u n u sabl e i f r e c o rd ed ou td o o r s on
l ocati on bu t s e r vi n g n ev e rth el es s a s a g u i de f o r d u bbi n g an d
edi ti n g, an d a s a r e mi n de r o f d ra mati c i n ten ti on s .
b ack g ro u nd m u s ic of f- s cr e en , ex tr a - di eg eti c ( = ou t si d e t h e
"r e al i ty" o f th e fi l m st o ry ) mu si c h ea r d du ri n g th e fi l m, n ot
o ri gi n ati n g wi th i n th e a cti on bu t a c c omp an yi n g t h at a cti on i n
o rd e r t o h ei gh t en i ts d r am ati c p ow e r .
du b bi n g r epl a ci n g s ou n d s , v oi c e s, o r l a n gu ag e s on th e s ou n d
tra c k wi th oth e r s th ou gh t p r e f e rabl e, th ou gh m ai n tai n i n g th ei r
syn ch r on i ci ty ( syn c h ) wi th th e i ma g e a s fa r a p o s si bl e.
ou t -o f- s yn ch s ou n d n ot p r op e rl y s yn c h r on i s ed wi th th e i mag e .
so u nd ef f ect s th e " SFX " an d s ou n ds mi x ed o n t o th e s ou n d
tra c k , c r eat e d t o "a c co mpa n y " va ri o u s i mag e s a s i f th e y w e r e
o ri gi n ated b y th os e i mage s .

CUTTING and EDITING


m as te r sh ot i n cl a s si cal edi ti n g, a m edi u m o r l on g sh o t o f a
c ompl et e c on ti n u o u s a cti on , l at e r b r ok e n u p wi th i n s e rt sh o ts ,
cu ta wa y s, m at ch - cu tti n g, c r os s cu tti n g, an d s o f o rth . ( R em em b e r
th at i n cl as si c al fi l mi n g, on l y on e cam e r a i s u s e d, an d a
c on v e r sa ti on b etw e e n tw o ch a ra ct e r s ma y b e fi l med th r e e ti me s ,
on e a ft e r an oth e r an o v e ral l vi ew , a vi e w o f th e fi r st
ch a ra ct e r s fa c e an d l astl y a vi e w on t h e s e c on d ch a ra ct e r s fa c e.
Th es e a r e th en edi t ed t og eth e r i n wh at th e edi to r an d di r ec to r
th i n k i s th e m ost e ff e cti v e wa y .
a s soc i a ti o n al f l as hb a ck a ch a ra ct e r s r ec ol l ecti on s e en o n
s cr e en o cc u r r i n g b e cau s e a si gh t , s ou n d, g e stu r e o r w o rd i n th e
pr e s en t se e m s si mi lar t o s o m eth i n g r em em b e re d f r om th e p ast .
di s s ol v e a n oti c e ab l e f adi n g o f on e sh o t wh i l e an oth e r
su p e ri mp os e d on i t gr o ws st r on g e r an d fi n al l y r epl ac e s i t, q u i ck
o r sl o w , th e ea rl i e r sh ot s e e mi n g t o di s s ol v e i n t o th e l at e r,
si gn i fyi n g a ch an ge o f ti m e o r pl a c e wi th ou t l o ss o f t h e acti on s
mo m en tu m o r m ean i n g.
cr os s -c ut an edi t c u tti n g f r om on e a cti on t o an oth e r
si mu l tan e ou s a cti on s o m ewh e r e el s e.
m atc h c ut an edi t mai n tai n i n g a s en s e of sm o oth , c on ti n u i n g
acti n g f r om sh ot t o sh ot , e v en th ou gh t h e s e c on d sh ot i s f r om a
di ff e r en t c am e ra p o si ti on .
cut a w a y a sh ot b ri e fl y i n t er ru pti n g on e a cti on t o p r ovi d e a
gl i mpse of an oth e r al so ta ki n g pl ac e .
mo nt a ge th e F r en c h t e rm f o r edi ti n g, r e f er ri n g t o an y
e xt ra o rdi n a ry o r e x c epti on al l y a rt fu l s e q u en c e o f sh o ts , an d al so
to th e a rt of edi ti n g su ch a s equ en c e.
sp l ic i n g th e p r o c e s s o f sti c ki n g pi ec e s o f fi l m to g eth e r by u si n g
tap e o r gl u e ; ( th e fi n al v e r si on wi l l be p h ot og r aph ed b y th e
l abo rat o r y on t o on e c on ti n u ou s fi l m, wi th ou t spl i ce s) .
co nt in u it y e n su ri n g th at th e d et ai l s o f a s c en e ( e .g . h ai r s t yl e
an d l en gth , cl ot h i n g d etai l s, p r op p o si tion s) ma tch an d ma k e
s en s e wh en m ovi n g f ro m on e sh ot t o an oth e r .
Two of the main sources for these definitions are:
Gollin, R. M. (1992). A viewers guide to film: Arts, artifices, and issues. New York: McGrawHill.
Konigsberg, I. (1997). Complete film dictionary, The. Harmondsworth: Penguin Reference.

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