INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

TING SIE KUN

Bachelor (Hons.) of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Science

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

January 2016

ii

DECLARATION

I sincerely declare that:

1. I am the sole writer of this report.
2. The details of training and experience contain in this report describe my
involvement as a trainee in the field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
3. All the information contains in this report is certain and correct to the
knowledge of the author.

Signature :

_________________________

Name

_________________________

ID No.

_________________________

Date

_________________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my utmost gratitude to the UTAR for providing

opportunity to me to pursue the engineering training as a partial fulfilment of the
requirement for my degree of Bachelor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
Throughout this training, I am very fortune to be blessed with the guidance
and encouragement from my mentor, Mr. Lau Kean Hong, Francis, coordinator for
3E industrial training Programme. He gave me advises and all the information I need.
Thus, I want to thank Mr. Lau for all his effort in guiding me through out this
training period. In addition, I also appreciate Dr Lau See Hung as my visiting
lecturer willing to visit me and check my training progress.
Besides that, I would like to thank Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) for
providing me an opportunity to do my industrial training in their company. I
sincerely thank Mr. Jason Kho, Mr. Lee Hock Seng and Mr. Wong Siong Ming for
their guidance and encouragement in my internship. I also wish to express my
gratitude to the officials and other staff members of SEB who rendered their help
during the training period.

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ABSTRACT

I had joined the Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) company as an electrical

engineer trainee from 05/10/2015 to 31/12/2015. During the internship period, I had
been assigned to nine different sections which are under nine different section
engineers. The nine sections are Project I, Project II, Maintenance (S/S),
Maintenance (OHL), Operation, Planning, Revenue Management, Street Lighting &
Technical Service and Customer Service. During the above period, I reported to the
nine sections according to the training programme given by the company. This
training programme is intended to give me an overview of the company job. I had
around ten days in each section. Project section was the first section I been reported.
The role of this section was monitoring project implemented by company or outside
contractor by performing all relevant administrative functions by close monitoring,
controlling and ensuring conformity to SEB company standard. Next section was
Maintenance (S/S), do maintenance work for the substation and the equipment. The
example jobs of this section were like substation relocation, repair switchgear,
transformer, displace vandalism equipment and so on. The job of the Street lighting
section was look for the spoil street lighting, identify problem and repair it. As we
know, the customer services section was connecting with the customers and it
provide services like new application of electricity, bill payments, meter reading and
other general enquiries. Next, the Maintenance (OHL) section was mainly related
with the maintenance of the overhead line and vegetation clearing. Planning section
was doing estimation of the cost for a project or estimating any new application of
electricity. The Operation section was responsible in ensuring the customer
complaints on supply outages, breakdown maintenance, monitoring and control the
system of the central region. Revenue Management section was responsible in
installing meter, testing meter, CT meter, wholecurrent meter, and disconnect of
electricity supply.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

iii

ABSTRACT

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

v-vi

LIST OF APPENDICES

vii

CHAPTER

2.2

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background

1.2

Aims and Objectives

DETAIL OF WORKING EXPERIENCE

10

2.1

Description of Tasks

10

2.1.1

Understand the Transmission and Distribution system

10

2.1.2

Site Surveys

11

2.1.3

Study the SCADA system and On-Load Tap Changer

11

2.1.4

Study the Schematic Diagram

12

2.1.5

Data Filing

12

Applications of Theory and Soft skills

13

2.2.1

High voltage Transmission Line

13

2.2.2

Transformer Turn Ratio

13

2.2.3

Communication Skill

13

vi

LEARNING OUTCOME

14

CONCLUSION

15

REFERENCES

16

APPENDICES

17

vii
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX

TITLE

Industrial Training Programme

Log book

PAGE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background

Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) is an electric utility company. It engages in the

generation, transmission, distribution, and supply of electricity in the State of
Sarawak. It is wholly owned by the State Government of Sarawak. The company is
headquartered in Kuching, Malaysia. SEB can be divided to three regions, Western
Region, Central Region and Northern Region. My internship place is Central Region
Office, Sibu, Sarawak. The address is Syarikat SESCO Berhad Office Sibu, P.O. Box
14, Deshon Road, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak.
SEB had prepare a training programme for every trainee. Trainees have to
cover all the different sections under Regional Office and it is intended to give an
overview of the job like site survey, trouble shooting, estimation of material
quantities, cable joining, technical specifications and safety standard.
The history of Sarawak Energy could be traced back to 1932, during Brooke
Administration, Sarawak Electricity Supply Co. Ltd was formed to operate public
electricity supply within Sarawak. In 1962, the Sarawak Electricity Co. Ltd was
dissolved, and later created into a Corporation, known as Sarawak Electricity Supply
Corporation (SESCO). In 2005, SESCO was privatised and known as Syarikat
SESCO Berhad and later it was re-banded in 2012 as Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB).

SEB generates electricity mainly from two types of plants; hydroelectric

plants and thermal plants. The fuels for thermal plants are coal, natural gas and a
little percent of oil. The generating capacity of the hydroelectric power plants like
Bakun Dam is 2400MW, Murum Dam is 944MW, Batang Ai Dam is 100MW.
Thermal power plants like Mukah coal fired power station is 270MW, Balingian is
600MW, Miri natural gas power station is 99MW.

Aims and Objectives

The objectives of the industrial training are offering the students personal real world
insights and exposures to actual working life. Besides, internships also introduce
students to potential future work environments and students will be able to decide
whether these meet their career wishes and interests. During internship, students can
acquire important supplementary skill.

CHAPTER 2

Detail of Working Experience

Description of Task

1.1

Understand the basic of the transmission and distribution system

Sarawak electricity generation come from two major plant which are hydro and
thermal. The generated power will be step up to 275kV and export to the SEB grid
and transmit to cities. In the Sibu, the 275kV power will be step down in the New
Oya substation (275/132/33/11kV) and distributed to other substation like Deshon
(132/33/11kV) and Salim (132/33kV). The highest voltage of transmission power in
Sarawak is 275kV, SEB is planning to build a 500kV transmission system.
The 33kV and 11kV overhead line can be distinguish by the number of the
disc type insulator. The 33kV overhead line has 4 disc type insulators, 11kV has only
2 disc insulator. The LT (low tension/voltage) substations have three major
components which are transformer, switchgear and 7 way 6 feeder pillar.
Transformer is use to step down 11kV to 415V. Pillar is use to distributing the power
to the customers. The function of switchgear is act like a switch and protection.
There are three types of meter, single phase meter, three phase meter and CT
meter. The type of meter is decided by the loading and the customer requirement. CT
meter, current transformer meter is rare and it will be use when the customer load
exceeds 100A.

1.2

Site Surveys

During the industrial training period, I have been doing a lot of site surveys together
with the engineers or senior technicians. Site survey was very important and it should
be conducted before electrical work start. Site survey is necessary for a shutdown
work. In Project section, I went to survey substation frequently because of adding
substation due to the increases of demand. Shutdown work is necessary for loop inout a substation. Thus, we had to make sure the equipments in the affected
substations like switchgear and transformer are in good condition. We had to check
the switchgear oil level or gas level, transformer oil level and the cable condition.
This is to ensure the safety of the worker when shutdown work is performing. If the
oil level or gas level of the switchgears drop below standard level, shutdown work
should not be proceed, we need report to the company and Maintenance section (S/S)
will take over.
1.3

Study the SCADA system and On-Load Tap Changer

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is an industrial control system

where a computer system monitoring and controlling a process. This system has
traditionally played a vital role by providing utilities with valuable knowledge and
capabilities. SEB used SCADA system to monitor and control the circuit breakers in
the substation. The Sibu SEB is also call Regional Dispatch Centre (RDC).
OLTC (On-Load Tap Charger) is an automatic charger used in power
transformers. When the power consumption increases, the network voltage level
drops, OLTC will permit tap changing and hence voltage regulation with the
transformer on-load. In short, the OLTC will automatic adjust the voltage level. The
transformers windings are set to a new transmission ratio in order to compensate the
voltage level drop. Tap changing is usually done on the HV winding because the HV
side current are lower so the tap changer contact can be smaller. Besides, the HV
winding is wound outside the LV winding so it is easier to get the tapping
connections out to the tap changer.

1.4

Study the Schematic diagram

Sibu SEB has 11kV and 33kV schematic diagrams. In electric power systems,
schematic drawing is frequently used to represent substation, overhead line,
underground cable, RMU, distribution system. Schematic diagrams simplify and
compress the detail of the Sibu distribution system. These diagrams are very
important because it make the distribution system easy to view and understand.
However, schematic diagram has special symbols to represent the equipments of the
distribution system. I need to know the representation of those symbols before I
study the Sibu distribution system. Schematic diagrams have table of legend which
tell the representation of the symbols.
1.5

Data filing

During raining or bad weather, electrical work is dangerous to proceed so I will stay
in office and assist supervision in data filing. I have to use Excel software to type the
project number, type of work, starting date and complete date. Besides that, when I in
customer section, I also do the data filing for the new electricity apply. The customer
name, address and account number have to record down and save in the file.

Applications of Theory and Soft skills

2.1

High Voltage Transmission Lines

High voltage transmission lines are used to transmit electric power over long
distances from generating station to distribution main substation. High voltage
transmission is intentionally to reduce power loss in transmission lines. Power loss,
P=I2R=V2/R. High voltage can reduce power loss with constant resistance. Thus,
Sarawak use 275kV and 132kV transmission lines.
2.2

Transformer Turn Ratio

Transformers can be used to step up or step down power which is depending on the
primary winding number of turn and secondary winding number of turn. Step down
transformers are more commonly used in Sibu distribution system. Transformers are
all about ratios. The ratio of the primary to the secondary, the ratio of the input to
the output, and the turn ratio of any given transformer will be the same as its voltage
ratio. The actual number of turns of wire is not that important, just the turns ratio and
this relationship is given as: turn ratio = N p/Ns = Vp/Vs = Is/Ip. This also explained the
HV side of transformers is low current.
2.3

Communication skill

Communication skill is a necessity during internship period. I have to communicate

with my supervisor and colleagues whether there is a need. Communication will help
to build up a good relationship among each other and create a harmony and pleasant
working environment. When I encounter a problem on works, I can also ask for help
from my supervisor or colleagues and seek for a solution. So, the communication
skill is a very important skill in the workplace and I believe my communication skill
have improved during training period.

CHAPTER 3

Learning Outcome

From this industrial training, I have learned the Sibu transmission and distribution
systems. Sarawak grid use 275kV and 132kV high voltage transmission overhead
lines. I also enter the power substation and see the equipments. LT substations only
have transformer, switchgear and pillar. HT substations have circuit breaker. For
11kV substations, there are two types of relay, earth fault relay and overcurrent relay.
This two type relays are used for protection purpose.
Besides, I also learned how to distinguish the 33kV overhead line and 11kV
overhead line. Overhead line complements like disc type insulator, lighting arrestor,
air break insulator, air break fuse insulator and auto recloser. The minimum
clearances of HT poles are 4.9m and LT poles are 4.7m. There are many types of
construction of the poles, terminal pole, intermediate pole, section pole, single pole
and H-pole. In addition, I also learned three types of meter, single phase, three phase
and CT meter. Single phase meter is suitable for customer with low load like terraced
houses. Three phase meter usually use for shophouse, semi-detached and bungalow.
Moreover, I also learned SCADA system and On-Load Tap Changer (OLTP).
Sibu SEB use SCADA system control the main substations in the sibu area. SCADA
system can turn on off of the circuit breaker. OLTP is an automatic tap changer
change the transformer turn ratio when the incoming voltage drops due to high power
consumption.

CHAPTER 4

Conclusion

Industrial training gives me a change exposed to the real working environment. This
program will help us to gain the knowledge and experience that we unable to get in
lecture study. Besides, it also can help us build up self-confidence, communication
skill and others. By early exposing in real working environment, I strongly believe
that industrial training able to enhance the quality of graduates.
I believe that there is a greater advantage for students who with internship
experience in the reality of competitive job market. During this three months
internship, I have gained a lot of valuable knowledge, skills and experiences. I have
learned the power transmission and distribution system, switchgear protection,
overhead line components, SCADA, OLTC, and street lighting. Besides, my training
programme covered all the different sections is intended to give me an overview of
the job like site surveys, trouble shooting, estimation of material quantities, cable
jointing, technical specification and safety standard etc.
After this internship experience, I realized that there is a different in working
practically compared with studying in university. I am glad to have chance to intern
in this company. This internship helps to prepare me before I step into the real
working life. I am very appreciate and thankful to my supervisor and colleagues who
taught me and explained to me patiently and apologizes on the mistakes that I made.

REFERENCES

Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty (1978) Standard Handbook for Electrical
Engineers, Eleventh Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Sarawak Energy Berhad Annual Report 2010. Sarawak Energy. Retrieved 28
December 2015.
Department of Electricity Supply Regulation, Energy Commission (2007). Electricity
Supply Industry in Malaysia-Performance and Statistical Information 2006.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Industrial Training Programme

APPENDIX B: Log Book