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Power System Stability

Power system stability refers to a power system's ability to maintain synchronous operation following disturbances such as fluctuations in load or faults on transmission lines. There are three main types of power system stability: steady state stability, which involves returning to equilibrium after small disturbances; transient stability, which involves retaining synchronism after large disturbances; and dynamic stability, which provides artificial stability to inherently unstable systems through automatic controls. Understanding these stability aspects is important for analyzing power systems and ensuring reliable transmission of electrical power from generators to consumers.

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93 views3 pages

Power System Stability

Power system stability refers to a power system's ability to maintain synchronous operation following disturbances such as fluctuations in load or faults on transmission lines. There are three main types of power system stability: steady state stability, which involves returning to equilibrium after small disturbances; transient stability, which involves retaining synchronism after large disturbances; and dynamic stability, which provides artificial stability to inherently unstable systems through automatic controls. Understanding these stability aspects is important for analyzing power systems and ensuring reliable transmission of electrical power from generators to consumers.

Uploaded by

SabaMannan123
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Power System Stability

Power system engineering forms a vast and major portion of electrical engineering
studies. It is mainly concerned with the production of electrical power and its
transmission from the sending end to the receiving end as per consumer
requirements, incurring minimum amount of losses. The power at the consumer end
is often subjected to changes due to the variation of load or due to disturbances
induced within the length of transmission line. For this reason the term power
system stability is of utmost importance in this field, and is used to define the
ability of the of the system to bring back its operation to steady state condition
within minimum possible time after having undergone some sort of transience or
disturbance in the line. Ever since the 20th century, till the recent times all major
power generating stations over the globe has mainly relied on AC distribution
system as the most effective and economical option for the transmission of
electrical power.
Even the most effective way to produce bulk amount of power has been with the
evolution of AC machine (i.e. alternator or synchronous generator). In the power
plants, several synchronous generators with different voltage ratings are
connected to the bus terminals having the same frequency and phase sequence as
the generators, while the consumer ends are feeded directly from those bus
terminals. And therefore for stable operation it is important for the bus to be well
synchronized with the generators over the entire duration of transmission, and for
this reason the power system stability is also referred to as synchronous stability
and is defined as the ability of the system to return to synchronism after having
undergone some disturbance due to switching on and off of load or due to line
transience.
To understand stability well another factor that is to be taken into consideration
is the stability limit of the system. The stability limit defines the maximum power
permissible to flow through a particular point or a part of the system during which

it is subjected to line disturbances or faulty flow of power. Having understood


these terminologies related to power system stability let us now look into the
different types of stability.The synchronous stability of a power system can be of
several types depending upon the nature of disturbance, and for the purpose of
successful analysis it can be classified into the following 3 types as shown below:
1.

Steady state stability.

2.

Transient stability.

3.

Dynamic stability.

Steady State Stability of a Power System


The steady state stability of a power system is defined as the ability of the
system to bring itself back to its stable configuration following a small disturbance
in the network (like normal load fluctuation or action of automatic voltage
regulator). It can only be considered only during a very gradual and infinitesimally
small power change. In case the power flow through the circuit exceeds the
maximum power permissible, then there are chances that a particular machine or a
group of machines will cease to operate in synchronism, and result in yet more
disturbances. In such a situation, the steady state limit of the system is said to
have reached. Or in other words the steady state stability limit of a system refers

to the maximum amount of power that is permissible through the system without
loss of its steady state stability.

Transient Stability of a Power System


Transient stability of a power systemrefers to the ability of the system to reach a
stable condition following a large disturbance in the network condition. In all cases
related to large changes in the system like sudden application or removal of load,
switching operations, line faults or loss due to excitation the transient stability of
the system comes into play. It infact deals in the ability of the system to retain
synchronism following a disturbance sustaining for a reasonably long period of time.
And the maximum power that is permissible to flow through the network without
loss of stability following a sustained period of disturbance is referred to as the
transient stability of the system. Going beyond that maximum permissible value for
power flow, the system would temporarily be rendered as unstable.
Dynamic Stability of a Power System
Dynamic stability of a system denotes the artificial stability given to an inherently
unstable system by automatic controlled means. It is generally concerned to small
disturbances lasting for about 10 to 30 seconds.

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