The enabling environment of cassava processing technology

FOLLOW UP
THE INCRESSING OF CASSAVA SUPPLY
IN CHINA

Liang Guo Tao

Aug 25 ,2016 , Cali, Columbia

INCREASING OF CASSAVA CONSUMPTION

CASSAVA STATUS IN CHINA

History: origin from Latin America, only 60 years spreading planting in South China
Plantation
-- Region: Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan province
Position in Chinese Agriculture
No. 6 th crops in China
One important crop as Non-food green resource encouraged by Chinese government
China is the main cassava products buyer in the world:
2015 imported: 9.25 million tons cassava chips, 1.8 million tons cassava starch
(=30 million tons fresh roots)
The actual market volume in China until 2020:
20 Million MT cassava chips (For feed & fuel)
3.5 million MT cassava starch / flour (for industry & food )
(=64 million tons fresh roots)

2005~2015 Cassava Plantation Areas

China

600
527.38

511.91

507.15
500

481.07
428.57

416.67

415.24

412.28

404.76

400

392.5

X1000 Ha.

344.6
300

200

100

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China

2005~2015 CASSAVA PRODUCTION YIELD

14000

12017.9

12000

11250
10333.9
9767.9

10000

9996.5

9835

9821.4

9285.7

8936.3

X1000 MT

8089.3

7925.8

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China
2011~2015 Cassava starch production
1000
900

900
800

680

Thousand tons

700
600

470

500
400

490
370

350

300
200
100
0
2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China
2005~2015 Cassava starch importation
2200
2000

1906

1800

1820

Thousand tons

1600
1400
1200
1000

800
600
400
200
0
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

China
201502~201606 Cassava Starch Import & Price

Price :US$/T
Unit :MT

2016-06
2016-05
2016-04
2016-03
2016-02
2016-01
2015-12
2015-11
2015-10
2015-09
2015-08
2015-07
2015-06
2015-05
2015-04
2015-03
2015-02

Average price
Import QTY.

China
Origin Country of imported cassava starch-2015
2% 1%

1%

25%

71%

Thailand

Vietnam

Cambodia

Lao

Others

China

2009~2015 Cassava chips importation

10000
9250
9000

8565

8000
6961

7000

X1000 MT

6000

7236

6019.5
5666.1
4876

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

CASSAVA AGRICULTURE
--Basic research
--Achievements

--Plantation

Basic research
Cassava research department
CATAS: Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
SIBC: Shanghai Cassava Bio-Tech Center
GSCRI: Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute
Chinese Cassava Industrialization Scientists System
One Cassava Scientists Team
3 research center
9 breeding station

Chinese Cassava Genomics Consortium

Cassava Genome
Sequencing

Genetic map/physical map/biodiversity

International cassava genome sequencing

Regulatory network of major metabolic pathways

C
C
G
C

Cassava Metabolic
Pathways

Genome expression analysis

Proteomics and metabolomics

Cassava Mutant
Libraries and
Functional Test

Construction and application of T-DNA library

Construction and application of EMS-Tilling

Transgenic cassava with new germplasm

Molecular Breeding
Molecular markers and MAS

Achievements
Improved Cassava Varieties
Variety

Yield (t/ha)

Remark

SC10

45

broadly adaptable

SC9

30

for food

SC8

45

fast maturating

SC7

45

with high protein in leaves

SC6

45

anti-wind

SC5

60

broadly adaptable

SC8013

40

broadly adaptable

SC8002

40

broadly adaptable

SC124

45

broadly adaptable

South China 5
Applied in 60% of Chinese cassava area

Selected from hybrid of ZM8625SC8013

Average yield

30-45 t/ha

Starch content 30%32%

Maturation time

8-12 months after planting

New Improvement
Planting Area Expanding plan

-- New varieties in cold area, develop the planting area from

South provinces to Central provinces
-- New varieties fit for drought land.
Specialized products plan
-- High yield and starch content for bio-fuel industry
-- High protein content for food industry
-- Natural modified varieties for bio-chemistry industry.

The Young SIBS

Team Breeded
100% Amylopectin
cassava

Plantation
Government coordinated
cassava plantation mode

Farmer

Farmer

Cassava

Cassava
Processing
Company

Farmer

Warranty

Farmer

Farmer

Farmer

Bank
Farmer
Credit Loan

Company+ Bank+ Farmers Mode

Cassava Base in Guangxi China

CASSAVA INDUSTRY

DEC 2015

Cassava Starch & modified starch

About 100 factories, 1 Million MT starch (or modified starch) per year
Cassava Ethanol (100% cassava )
25 Factories, 1,000,000 MT ethanol per year
Cassava sweeteners
6 Factories, 100,000 MT maltose.

Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project

Guangdong Maoming (2008)

Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project

Guang Xi (2006)

XintiandeThe First Cassava Fuel Ethanol Factory 420KLPD

The world biggest Cassava Ethanol Factory

COFCO Guangxi, 2X840KLPD

New cassava maltose plant in Gejiu Yunnan 100TPD

THE WORLD TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS

OF CASSAVA INDUSTRY HELPS ON BUILDING
CASSAVA SUPPLY CHAIN

OVERVIEW OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION VALUE CHAIN

Commercial fresh roots for food

Cassava roots

Commercial Dry chips

High quality cassava flour

Wet Milling
Starch milk

Commercial Starch

Modified Starch

Sweeteners

Ethanol

Sorbitol/Mannito
/Organic acid
(Citric acid Lactic acid)

TYPICAL FOOD GRADE FRESH CASSAVA PRODUCTION

Simple cleaning and fresh-keeping treatment;

Quick frozen or Canning product;

CASSAVA CHIPS PRODUCTION

Mechanized chopping, solar drying (Thailand);
Manually peeling, slicing and solar drying (Africa);
Manually peeling, cutting and solar drying (Vietnam, Combodia etc. );

Mechanized slicing, natural ventilation drying (Clayuca demostration);

Mechanized slicing and ventilation drying, thermal drying (China);

TRENDS OF CASSAVA DRY PROCESS

Challenges :

Requirement of large scale drying process during post harvest season

Lack of labour resource

Environment, Sanitation and Quality control

Cost increasing

Solution: Clean process by wet milling

1. Fresh roots cleaning

Flash drying

Dewatering

packing (by 500~1000kg bag)

2. Fresh roots cleaning

Pelletizing

Milling

Milling

Dewatering

Drying by bundle dryer

Large bag packing or bulk storage

The world largest cassava

chips destination port: Fang
Chenggang, Lianyungang,
Qinghuangdao etc. started
to control cassava chips
unloading.

CONVENTIONAL CASSAVA WET MILLING TECHNOLOGY

Typical Cassava Flour Process
Fresh Cassava

Clean water
W: 1495

Typical Cassava Starch Process

Input

1000 kg/h

DS: 350

Fresh Cassava

Clean water

S: 250

W: 2295

Purified reclaim water

W: 285

W: 695

Washing water

S: 247

S: 1

DS: 310

DS: 5

W: 750

W: 285

W: 5360

Cleaning and peeling

W: 800

S: 1

DS: 310

DS: 5

W: 750
W: 2000

DS: 35
S: 247

W: 800

Peeling/mud/sand

S: 2

Milling

Washing water

S: 247

Peeling/mud/sand
W: 1000

Purified reclaim water

W: 650

W: 5360

Cleaning and peeling

1000 kg/h

S: 250
DS: 350

W: 650
W: 695

Input

S: 2

Milling

DS: 35

W: 80
S: 247

DS: 310

W: 80

DS: 310

W: 1750

W: 2750

W: 1500

Extraction/sieving

Wet cassava fibre

S: 235

S: 12

DS: 265

DS: 45

W: 2950

W: 2200

Extraction/sieving

W: 300

S: 22

DS: 255

DS: 55

W: 4650

De-sanding

Fine sand
S: 235

S: 0

DS: 264

DS: 1

W: 2940

De-sanding

W: 10

W: 300

Fine sand
S: 225

S: 0

DS: 254

DS: 1

W: 4640

Revolving filter

Wet cassava fibre

S: 225

Revolving filter

W: 10

Fine fiber

S: 225

S: 0

DS: 253

DS: 1

W: 4630

W: 10

W: 800

Refining
W: 2800

Refining

Waste water
S: 216
DS: 220
W: 1030

W: 800
W: 2250

Waste water

S: 235

S: 15

DS: 263

DS: 38

W: 1300

Concentration
S: 216
DS: 220

W: 780

W: 530
W: 385

Dewatering

Dewatering

S: 235

S: 216

DS: 263

DS: 220

W: 175

W: 145

Flash drying and cooling

Flash drying and cooling

S: 235

S: 216

DS: 263

DS: 220

W: 32

W: 33

Sifting

Sifting
S: 235

S: 216

DS: 263

S:
DS:
W:

Starch (kg/h)
Dry Solid (kg/h)
Water (kg/h)

W: 1600

W: 800

Concentration

W: 710
W: 535

S: 9
DS: 33

DS: 220

W: 32

Weighing and packaging

Commercial starch
Total

295 kg/h

S:
DS:
W:

Starch (kg/h)
Dry Solid (kg/h)
Water (kg/h)

W: 33

Weighing and packaging

Commercial starch
Total

253 kg/h

Applicable technology for

Cassava wet milling-1
Washing and cleaning ;

Milling;

Extraction ;

Refining;

Applicable technology for

Cassava wet milling-2

Dewatering;

Thermal drying;

Referenced page-01

Item

Project

Line 1

Line 2

From Liang
The paper:
Comparative experiment for
Evaluation of Cassava Milling technology

Test site : Mingyang Group,

Guangxi, China, cassava work shop.
Period:

2005. 10.25~ 2005.12 16

Description:

There are two cassava wet

milling line in Mingyang factory,
use same technology, with each
600tons fresh roots per day ,
replace one of milling group from
hammer mill to rasper, compare
work efficiency of two production
line.

Specification of milling
group

Cost of equipment

Evaluation of
operational difficulty

Easy
Few maintenance

Relatively complicated:
1) Strictly control the quality of
fresh roots, prevent metals, stone
or hard stick/roots enter into
rasper.
2) Need to replace damaged
blade timely.

Milling efficiency (the

starch dissociation
ration)

In average:
90%

In average:
91.5%

Consumption

Power: 65kwh/ton of starch

Power: 45kwh/ton of starch

Main spare parts: 150~250 pcs
blades per day

Easy to keep stable running

Lower efficiency

Strictly control the quality of raw

material from procurement stage
to Washing and cleaning stage.
Need to carefully operate and
maintain so that to keep stable
running and higher efficiency.

Research purpose:
Customize reasonable cassava
process technology for different
project.

Conclusion of
Contrastive analysis

04 sets of DSJC45II hammer

mill, 315kw
Mill 600 t/d cassava
$50,000USD

01 CSJ-40 cutting machine + 02

sets of IR82/300 rasper,231kw
Mill 600~750 t/d cassava
$100,000USD

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA FOR FOOD

In South America
Central and South American countries: Clean process on food grade cassava flour improved food
sanitation situation;
Brazil: The largest cassava flour producer in the world, 3.5 million tons / year
New modification technology in cassava flour production increased the cassava food industry

In Africa

Nigeria: Government supported F20 policy

Uganda: International fund (Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett, DFID etc.)
supported Cassava food value Chain development

In Asia
Indonesia, China: Increasing of cassava starch for food industry: instant noodle, biscuits, bakeries.
(increased more than 1 million tons / year during past 03 years. )
China: started learning bring cassava food to dinning table.

CASSAVA FOOD IN BRAZIL

Referenced page-02-1
From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,
Casa Man , CEO,
The paper:
Global Trends &
Opportunities for starches in
Free From Foods Market
January 2016

New Concept of Cassava Flour

Referenced page-02-2
From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,
Casa Man , CEO,
The paper:
Global Trends &
Opportunities for starches in
Free From Foods Market
January 2016

Casa Man products

Referenced page-03
From Dr. Martin Fregene
The paper:

A Cassava Transformation in
Nigeria

Building the HQCF Value Chain in Nigeria

Currently six industrial bakers and 30
Master bakers have achieved 20% cassava
bread
Recently, one company has achieved 40%
using gluten-like additives
Training and empowerment of 5,000
bakers, six per Local Government area on
production of 20% cassava flour.
Training of Master bakers across the country
Expansion of HQCF production capacity
from <200MT/day to >3,000MT of HQCF
per day; includes purchase of 18 large
HQCF plants from China (CHMC).
Social market of cassava bread for nationwide acceptance.
A Cassava bread development fund of
US$60M was established to support the
aforementioned activities.
Launching of a commercial 20% cassava bread by an industrial baker
37

Referenced page -04

How AgriTT facilitate Cassava industrialization in Uganda

From Liang

The paper:

1. Technical exchange
and training

Report of AgriTT Scope Mission Trip for

Investigating Cassava Value Chain in Uganda

AgriTT
Input

2. Basic research
cooperation
3. Demonstration of
plantation

4. Production of value
added products

5. Commercialization

CONCEPT OF REGIONAL CASSAVA VALUE CHAIN- First phase

Investment & Management Firm

100T/D glucose syrup factory

30,000T/a Glucose syrup

30,000T/a starch supply to

Glucose plant
10 of satellite 500~1000ha. cassava farm +20TPD flour / starch factory

Related farms

30,000T/a HQCF

Cassava food research in China

HI TECH IN VALUE ADDED CASSAVA PRODUCTION

Starch modification:
Chemical / Mechanical /Biological process
Starch Biotechnological engineering:
Starch hydrolysates and fermented products

Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry

Sriroth, K.

Tapioca starch
Native starch
Referenced page -05-1

Household

From professor Klanarong Sriroth

Bakery

Modified starch
Pregelatinized starch
Acid thinned starch

The paper
Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava

Noodle

Snack
Tapioca pearl
(Sago)

Starch hydrolysate
Maltodextrin
Sweeteners
Glucose, Dextrose
Fructose

Dextrinized starch
Sorbitol/Mannitol
Oxidized starch
Starch ether
Hydroxyalkyl/Cationic starch
Starch ester
Acetylated starch
Phosphate monoester starch

Crosslinked starch
Di-starch phosphate
Di-starch adipate

MSG/Lysine
Organic acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid
Alcohols
Ethanol

Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit

Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry

Sriroth, K.

Modification, functionalities and uses of some commercial cassava products

Native starch

Referenced page -05-2

From professor Klanarong Sriroth

Modification
The paper
Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava

Function

Application

Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit

Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry

Sriroth, K.

Uses of modified cassava starches in food and non-food applications

Noodles

Referenced page -05-3

From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava

Cosmetics

Industrial
applications

Sauces

Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit

Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry

Starch hydrolysates and fermented products

- Maltodextrin
Referenced page -05-4
From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava

- Sweeteners & derivatives

Maltose / glucose syrup
fructose syrup
sugar alcohol : sorbitol, mannitol
- MSG / Lysine

- Acid: Citric Acid, lactic acid

- Alcohols: ethanol

Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit

Sriroth, K.

Perspective
Ecosystem of cassava industrialization

Mr. Liang Guo Tao

lgt_acro@126.com

+86 1380 2678 641