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Nclex Medication List

This document provides information on several classes of commonly prescribed medications, including their uses, mechanisms of action, and examples. It covers alpha blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, anti-Alzheimer's agents, various classes of anti-infectives (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines), antianginals, antianxiety agents, antiarrhythmics, and antiasthmatics. For each class, it lists one or more examples of commonly used brand name drugs.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
312 views32 pages

Nclex Medication List

This document provides information on several classes of commonly prescribed medications, including their uses, mechanisms of action, and examples. It covers alpha blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, anti-Alzheimer's agents, various classes of anti-infectives (aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines), antianginals, antianxiety agents, antiarrhythmics, and antiasthmatics. For each class, it lists one or more examples of commonly used brand name drugs.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications

! High Alert drug


Alpha Blockers
cause vasodilation by blocking the binding of norepinephrine to the smooth
muscle receptors in blood vessels
Uses:
o prevent, treat or improve symptoms in conditions such as
hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Raynaud's
disease, scleroderma, and pheochromocytoma
Examples
o doxazosin (Cardura)
o prazosin (Minipress)
o tamsulosin (Flomax)
o terazosin (Hytrin)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
slow the activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), decreasing the
production of angiotensin II blood vessels relax and dilate blood
pressure lowers more oxygen-rich blood reaches the heart
Uses:
o Control blood pressure, treat heart failure, and help prevent stroke
Examples
o benazepril* (Lotensin)
o captopril (Capoten)
o enalapril* (Vasotec)
o lisinopril* (Prinivil, Zestril)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to
angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels blood vessels dilate and blood
pressure drops
Uses:
o Control high blood pressure and treat heart failure
o Slow the progression of kidney disease due to high blood pressure or
diabetes
Examples
o candesartan (Atacand)
o irbesartan (Avapro)
o losartan (Cozaar)
o olmesartan* (Benicar)
o valsartan* (Diovan)
Anti-Alzheimers Agents
prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the activity of
acetylcholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitors).
Help regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in the
processing, storage and retrieval of information (NMDA receptor antagonists)
Uses:

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (donepezil, rivastigmine,
and galantamine).
o Memantine is used treat moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease
Examples
o cholinesterase inhibitor
donepezil* (Aricept)
galantamine (Razadyne)
rivastigmine* (Exelon)
o NMDA receptor antagonist
memantine* (Namenda)
Anti-Infectives Aminoglycosides
bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria and compromise the
structure of the bacterial cell wall
Uses
o Treat and prevent severe infections, such as septicemia and severe
urinary tract infections.
o Treat hospital-acquired respiratory infections, caused by aerobic, gramnegative bacteria, e.g., as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species.
Example
o amikacin (Amikin)
o gentamicin (Garamycin)
o kanamycin (Kantrex)
o neomycin (Neo-Fradin)
o streptomycin (Streptomycin)
o tobramycin (Nebcin, TOBI)
Anti-Infectives Cephalosporins
group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from
the mold Cephalosporium. Like penicillins, they interfere with bacterial cell
wall synthesis
Uses
o Treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections, including
respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, and urinary
tract infections
Examples
o 1st generation
cefadroxil (Duricef)
ceFAZolin (Ancef)
cephalexin* (Keflex)
nd
o 2
cefaclor (Raniclor, Ceclor)
cefOXitin (Mefoxin)
cefprozil (Cefzil)
cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef)
o 3rd
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
cefdinir* (Omnicef)
cefixime (Suprax)
cefoperazone (Cefobid)
cefotaxime (Claforan)
cefpodoxime (Vantin)
cefTAZidime (Fortaz, Tazicef)
ceftibuten (Cedax)
ceftizoxime (Cefizox)
cefTRIAXone (Rocephin)
th
o 4 generation
cefepime (Maxipime)
Anti-Infectives Fluoroquinolones
bactericidal; they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that
directly inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria
Uses
o Treat wide range of infections of the sinuses, skin, lungs, ears, airways,
urinary tract, bones, and joints caused by gram negative and gram
positive organisms
o Prevent and treat anthrax
Examples
o ciprofloxacin* (Cipro)
o gemifloxacin (Factive)
o levofloxacin* (Levaquin)
o moxifloxacin (Avelox)
o norfloxacin (Noroxin)
o ofloxacin (Floxin)
Anti-Infectives Macrolides
bacteriostatic: inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction by interfering with
their ability to make proteins
Uses
o Treat various systemic and local bacterial infections of the respiratory
tract, gastrointestinal tract, and soft tissues.
o Treat severe acne and sexually transmitted infections.
o Prevent pertussis (whooping cough), as well as endocarditis in
dentistry.
Examples
o azithromycin* (Zithromax)
o clarithromycin (Biaxin)
o dirithromycin (Dynabac)
o erythromycin (E-Mycin)
o troleandomycin (Tao)
Anti-Infectives Penicillins
belong to a class of antibiotics called beta-lactams, which exert bactericidal
action by inhibiting bacterial cell wall production

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug

Currently this group includes more than 20 antibiotics


Uses
o Treat and prevent of wide range of bacterial infections including
streptococcal infections, syphilis and Lyme disease
Examples
o Aminopenicillins
amoxicillin* (Amoxil)
ampicillin (Principen, Omnipen)
Extended spectrum penicillins
carbenicillin (Geocillin)
piperacillin (Pipracil)
ticarcillin (Ticar)
o Natural penicillins
penicillin G (generic)
penicillin V* (Pen-VK)
o Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
nafcillin (generic)
oxacillin (generic)
Anti-Infectives Sulfonamides
These bacteriostatic medications provide a broad spectrum of activity against
both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Uses
o Treat urinary tract infections
o Treat some types of bacterial pneumonia (Pneumocystis Carinii) and
shigellosis
o Treat some protozoal infections
Examples
o mafenide (Sulfamylon)
o sulfacetamide ophthalmic (Bleph 10)
o sulfamethizole (Thiosulfil Forte)
o sulfaSALAzine (Azulfidine)
o sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)
o trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole* (Septra, Bactrim)
Anti-Infectives Tetracyclines
broad spectrum anti-infectives exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting
protein synthesis in bacteria
Uses
o Treat respiratory tract infections
o Treat acne and skin infections, genital infections (syphilis, chlamydia),
and urinary tract infections
o Treat Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections and rickettsial infections
and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (caused by Helicobacter
pylori)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug

Examples
o demeclocycline (Declomycin)
o doxycycline* (Vibramycin)
o minocycline (Minocin)
o oxytetracycline (Terramycin)
o tetracycline (Sumycin)
Antianginals Nitrates
These vasodilators dilate the blood vessels, improve blood flow and allow
more oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle.
Also relax the veins
Uses
o Treat and prevent attacks of (acute) angina
Examples
o isosorbide dinitrate (Dilatrate-SR, Sorbitrate, Isordil)
o isosorbide mononitrate* (ISMO, Monoket, Imdur)
o nitroglycerin (Nitro-Dur, Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat)
Antianxiety Agents
act at many levels in the central nervous system (CNS), producing an
anxiolytic effect. They may produce CNS depression. The effects may be
mediated by GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter)
Uses
o Treat of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder.
o Manage anxiety associated with depression.
Examples
o Antidepressants (SSRI)
PARoxetine* (Paxil)
venlafaxine* (Effexor)
o Antidepressants (tricyclic)
doxepin (SINEquan)
o Antihistamine
hydrOXYzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
o Benzodiazepines
ALPRAZolam* (Xanax)
busPIRone (Buspar, Vanspar)
chlordiazePOXIDE (Librium)
diazepam* (Valium)
LORazepam* (Ativan)
! midazolam (Versed)
oxazepam (Serax)
o Herbals
kava-kava (herbal)
lemon verbena (herbal)
valerian (herbal)
o Tranquilizer

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
meprobomate (Equanil)
Antiarrhythmics
These medications are generally classified by their effects on cardiac
conduction tissue (Class IA, IB, IC, II, III, IV).
They:
o Slow down the heart (the calcium channel blockers, digoxin, and betablockers).
o Slow the heart's electrical impulses by blocking the heart's potassium
channels (amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide).
Uses
o Suppress potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias
Examples
o Class IA
disopyramide (Norpace)
procainamide (Pronestyl)
quiNIDine (Quinidine Sulfate)
o Class IB
! lidocaine (Xylocaine)
mexiletine (Mexitil)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
o Class IC
flecainide (Tambocor)
propafenone (Rythmol)
o Class II (Beta-blockers)
acebutolol (Sectral)
! propranolol (Inderal)
sotalol (Betapace)
o Class III
! amiodarone (Cordarone)
dofetilide (Tikosyn)
ibutilide (Corvert)
o Class IV (Calcium-channel blockers)
diltiazem* (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, and others)
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan)
o Other
! digoxin* (Lanoxin)
dronedarone (Multaq)
Antiasthmatics
Relax the smooth muscles that line the airway (bronchodilators)
Block the inflammation that narrows the airways (corticosteroids)
Counteract substances that cause the air passages to constrict and secrete
mucus (leukotriene modifiers)
Prevent allergic reactions or asthma symptoms
Uses

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Manage acute and chronic episodes of reversible bronchoconstriction
associated with asthma
o Treat acute attacks (short-term control) and decrease incidence and
intensity of future attacks (long-term control)
Examples
o Adrenergics
albuterol* (Proventil, Ventolin, Proair, AccuNeb)
! EPINEPHrine (EpiPen, Primatene, Nephron, Adrenalin)
o Bronchodilators
theophylline (Theo-Dur, Slo-Bid, Aerolate, and others)
o Corticosteriods
budesonide (Entocort EC, Pulmicort)
ciclesonide (Omnaris)
o Herbals
eucalyptus (herbal)
o Leukotriene antagonists
montelukast* (Singulair)
zafirlukast (Accolate)
o Mast cell stabilizers
cromolyn nebulized solution (NasalCrom)
o Monoclonal antibodies
omalizumab (Xolair)
o Other
albuterol & ipratropium* (Combivent)
Anticoagulants
medications inhibit clotting factor synthesis, inhibit thrombin, or interfere with
blood platelet formation
Uses
o Prevent or treat blood clots associated with stroke, heart attack, heart
valve disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, atrial
fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism
Examples
o ! heparin (generic)
o ! warfarin* (Coumadin)
o Indirect factor Xa inhibitor
! fondaparinux (Arixtra)
o LMWH
! dalteparin (Fragmin)
! enoxaparin (Lovenox)
! tinzaparin (Innohep)
o Thrombin inhibitors
! argatroban (generic)
! bivalirudin (Angiomax)
! dabigatran* (Pradaxa)
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
! desirudin (Iprivask)
! lepirudin (rDNA)
Anticonvulsants
depress central nervous system function. They target specific neurochemical
processes, suppress excess neuron function, and regulate electrochemical
signals in the brain (for instance, GABA inhibitors)
Uses
o Help control epileptic seizures.
o Treat neuropathic pain (associated with diabetes, shingles, and
fibromyalgia), migraine headaches, and bipolar disorder
Examples
o Barbiturates
mephobarbital (Mebaral)
PENTobarbital (Nembutal)
PHENobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton)
o Benzodiazepines
clonazePAM* (KlonoPIN)
clorazepate (Tranxene)
diazepam* (Valium)
o GABA analogues
gabapentin* (Neurontin)
pregabalin* (Lyrica)
tiaGABine (Gabitril)
o Hydantoins
ethotoin (Peganone)
fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
phenytoin (Dilantin)
o Other
carBAMazepine (TEGretol)
lamoTRIgine (LaMICtal)
OXcarbazepine (Trileptal)
topiramate (Topamax)
valproic acid (Depakote)
o Oxazolidinediones
trimethadione (Tridione)
Antidepressants Cyclic
inhibit the nerve cell's ability to reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine,
resulting in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Also
block the action of acetylcholine and histamine (causing many of the side
effects of these meds)
Uses
o Relieve depression and help treat obsessive compulsive disorder and
bedwetting

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Off-label uses include panic disorder, bulimia, and chronic pain
(migraine, diabetic neuropathy & post-herpetic neuralgia)
Examples
o amitriptyline* (Elavil)
o amoxapine (Asendin)
o desipramine (Norpramin)
o doxepin (SINEquan)
o imipramine (Tofranil)
o maprotiline (Ludiomil)
o nortriptyline (Pamelor)
o protriptyline (Vivactil)
o trimipramine (Surmontil)
Antidepressants Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
prevent the enzyme monamine oxidase from breaking down the
neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin (also known as monoamines)
in the brain.
Uses
o Treat depression
Examples
o isocarboxazid (Marplan)
o phenelzine (Nardil)
o selegiline (Ensam, Eldepryl, Zelapar)
o tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Antidepressants Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
medications block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin
Uses
o Primarily treat moderate-to-severe depression and chronic fatigue
syndrome.
o Treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety
disorder.
Examples
o citalopram* (CeleXA)
o escitalopram* (Lexapro)
o FLUoxetine* (PROzac)
o PARoxetine* (Paxil)
o sertraline* (Zoloft)
Antidepressants Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
(SNRIs)
block or delay the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by the
presynaptic nerves. The increased levels of these neurotransmitters elevates
mood
Uses
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Treat depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder and other mood
disorders
Examples
o desvenlafaxine* (Pristiq)
o duloxetine* (Cymbalta)
o milnacipran (Savella)
o venlafaxine* (Effexor)
Antidiabetics Insulins
used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and may be used to treat
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Uses
o Rapid-acting insulin covers meals eaten at the same time as the
injection.
o Short-acting insulin covers meals eaten within 30 to 60 minutes.
o Intermediate-acting insulin covers about half of the day or overnight
(and is often combined with rapid- or short-acting insulin).
o Long-acting insulin covers about one full day.
Examples
o Intermediate-acting
! NPH insulin (N) (HumuLIN-N, NovoLIN-N)
o Long-acting
! insulin detemir* (Levemir)
! insulin glargine* (Lantus)
o Rapid-acting
! insulin aspart* (NovoLOG)
! insulin glulisine (Apidra)
! insulin lispro* (HumaLOG)
o Short-acting
! human insulin (Velosulin)
! regular insulin (R) (HumuLIN-R, NovoLIN)
Antidiabetics Oral Agents
Stimulate insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas (sulfonylureas
and meglitinides)
Improve insulin's ability to move glucose into cells, especially muscle cells
(biguanides)
Enhance insulin effectiveness in both muscle and adipose tissue
(thiazolidinediones)
Block enzymes that help digest starches, slowing the rise in blood sugar
(alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)
Block an enzyme that deactivates a protein (GLP-1), which will keep insulin
circulating in the blood (DPP-4 inhibitors)
Uses
o Tx Type 2 DM
Example
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
! acarbose (Precose)
! miglitol (Glyset)
o Biguanides
! metFORMIN* (Glucophage)
o Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
! sitaGLIPtin* (Januvia)
o Meglitinides
! nateglinide (Starlix)
! repaglinide (Prandin)
o Sulfonylureas
! glimepiride (Amaryl)
! glipiZIDE (Glucotrol)
! glyBURIDE* (DiaBeta, Micronase)
o Thiazolidinediones
! pioglitazone* (Actos)
! rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Antidiarrheals
Slow the passage of stools through the intestines (loperamide)
Decrease the secretion of fluid into the intestine and inhibit the activity of
bacteria (bismuth subsalicylate)
Uses
o Control and relieve symptoms of acute and chronic nonspecific
diarrhea
Examples
o bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol)
o diphenoxylate & atropine (Lomotil)
o kaolin & pectin (Kapectolin)
o Antispasmodics
loperamide (Imodium A-D)
o Bulk-forming laxatives
polycarbophil (Equalactin, FiberCon)
o Opiate
! paregoric (generic)
o Somatostatin analog
octreotide (SandoSTATIN)
Antiemetics
Inhibit the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla by blocking dopamine
receptors (for example, metoclopramide).
Decrease the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus (for example, meclizine).
Block the effects of serotonin in the brain and small intestine (5-HT3 receptor
antagonists).
Uses
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Manage the various causes of nausea and vomiting, including surgery,
anesthesia, antineoplastic and radiation therapies, and motion
sickness.
Examples
o 5-HT3 antagonists
dolasetron (Anzemet)
granisetron (Sancuso)
nabilone (Cesamet)
ondansetron (Zofran)
palonosetron (Aloxi)
o Anticholinergics
scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
o Cannabinoids
dronabinol (Marinol)
o Herbals
ginger (herbal)
o Neurokinin antagonists
aprepitant (Emend)
o Other
dimenhyDRINATE (Dramamine, Dimetabs)
meclizine (Antivert, Bonine)
metoclopramide (Reglan)
o Phenothiazines
chlorproMAZINE (Thorazine)
perphenazine (Trilafon)
prochlorperazine (Compro)
! promethazine* (Phenergan)
thiethylperazine (Norzine, Torecan)
Antifungals
also called antimycotic agents. They kill or inactivate fungi.
Uses
o Treat systemic, localized, or topical fungal infections (including yeast
infections).
Examples
o Azole antifungals (the triazoles and imidazoles)
fluconazole* (Diflucan)
miconazole (Aloe Vesta, Cruex)
posaconazole (Noxafil)
sulconazole (Exelderm)
tioconazole (Monistat-1)
o Echinocandins
anidulafungin (Eraxis)
caspofungin (Cancidas)
micafungin (Mycamine)
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Herbals
goldenseal (herbal)
o Miscellaneous antifungals
butenafine (Mentax)
ciclopirox (Loprox, Penlac Nail Lacquer)
flucytosine (Ancobon)
terbinafine (LamISIL)
tolnaftate (Absorbine Jr.)
o Polyenes
! amphotericin B deoxycholate (Amphocin, Fungizone)
nystatin (Mycostatin)
Antihistamines
compete with histamine for histamine receptor sites. When they occupy the
histamine receptor sites, they prevent histamine from causing allergic
symptoms.
Uses
o Relief of symptoms associated with allergies (including rhinitis,
urticaria and angioedema).
o Adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic reactions.
o Treat insomnia (diphenhydramine), motion sickness (dimenhydrinate
and meclizine), Parkinson-like reactions (diphenhydramine), and other
nonallergic conditions.
Examples
o azelastine (Astelin)
o bepotastine (Bepreve)
o cetirizine (Zyrtec)
o chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
o clemastine (Tavist Allergy)
o cyproheptadine (Periactin)
o desloratadine (Clarinex)
o dimenhyDRINATE (Dramamine, Dimetabs)
o diphenhydrAMINE (Benadryl, Sominex, Nytol, Midol PM, Unisom
Nighttime Sleep-Aid)
o doxepin (SINEquan)
o fexofenadine* (Allegra)
o hydrOXYzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
o levocetirizine (Xyzal)
o loratadine (Alavert, Claritin, Tavist ND, Dimetapp ND)
o meclizine* (Antivert, Bonine, Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula)
o olopatadine nasal spray (Patanase)
o ! promethazine* (Phenergan)
o triprolidine (Zymine)
Antihyperuricemics
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug

antigout agents, these medications work to either correct overproduction or


underexcretion of uric acid
Uses
o Tx gout
Examples
o allopurinol (Zyloprim)
o pegloticase (Krystexxa)
o rasburicase (Elitek)
Antineoplastics
Inhibit or prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
by various different mechanisms of action.
Damage the DNA of cancer cells
Interfere with the cancer cell's metabolism or affect cell division.
Create an unfavorable environment for cancer cell growth (hormones)
Uses
o Treat various solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias.
o Prescribed for some autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid
arthritis).
Examples
o Alkylating agents
! chlorambucil (Leukeran)
! cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Endoxan, Neosar)
o Antiestrogens
tamoxifen (Soltamox)
o Antimetabolites
! 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
! methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)
o Antitumor antibiotics
mitomycin (generic)
o Enzymes
! asparaginase (Elspar)
o Human recombinant interleukin-2
! aldesleukin (Proleukin)
o Monoclonal antibodies
! alemtuzumab (Campath)
! trastuzumab (Herceptin)
o Plant alkaloids
! vinBLAStine (Velban)
! vinCRIStine (Oncovin)
Antiparkinson Agents
replenish dopamine. They also mimic the role of dopamine or block the
effects of other chemicals that cause problems in the brain when dopamine
levels drop
Uses

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Relieve the symptoms of parkinsonism including tremor or trembling in
the hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; stiffness or rigidity of the arms,
legs, and trunk; bradykinesia; poor balance and coordination.
Examples
o biperiden (Akineton)
o ondansetron (Zofran)
benztropine (Cogentin)
trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Trihexane)
o Carbidopa/levodopa therapy
carbidopa & levodopa (Sinemet)
o COMT inhibitors
entacapone (Comtan)
tolcapone (Tasmar)
o Dopamine agonists
apomorphine (Apokyn)
bromocriptine (Parlodel)
pramipexole (Mirapex)
rOPINIrole (Requip)
rotigotine (Neupro)
o MAO-B inhibitors
rasagiline (Azilect)
selegiline (Ensam, Eldepryl, Zelapar)
o Other
amantadine (Symmetrel)
rivastigmine (Exelon)
Antiplatelet Agents
block the formation of blood clots by preventing the clumping of platelets
Uses
o Treat and prevent thromboembolic events, such as stroke, myocardial
infarction, or peripheral vascular disease
o Prescribed after devices are placed inside the heart or blood vessels,
such stents and artificial heart values
Examples
o aspirin (Bayer)
o Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors
clopidogrel* (Plavix)
prasugrel* (Effient)
ticlopidine (Ticlid)
o Adenosine reuptake inhibitors
dipyridamole (Persantine)
Glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors
! abciximab (ReoPro)
! eptifibatide (Integrilin)
! tirofiban (Aggrastat)
o Herbals
ginkgo (herbal)
o Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
cilostazol (Pletal)
Antipsychotics
block a specific subtype of the dopamine receptor (the D2 receptor).
2nd generation not only block D2 receptors, but also a specific subtype of
serotonin receptor (5HR2A receptor)
Uses
o Treat acute and chronic psychosis, especially when accompanied by
increased psychomotor activity.
o Off-label uses include Tourette's syndrome, substance abuse,
stuttering, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress
disorder, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorders.
Examples
o Atypical (or 2nd generation) antipsychotics
aripiprazole* (Abilify)
clozapine (Clozaril)
olanzapine* (ZyPREXA)
paliperidone (Invega)
QUEtiapine* (SEROquel)
risperiDONE (RisperDAL)
ziprasidone (Geodon)
o Others
iloperidone (Fanapt)
prochlorperazine (Compro)
thioridazine (Mellaril)
o Typical antipsychotics
chlorproMAZINE (Thorazine)
fluphenazine (Permitil, Prolixin)
haloperidol (Haldol)
loxapine (Loxitane)
molindone (Moban)
perphenazine (Trilafon)
pimozide (Orap)
thiothixene (Navane)
trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
Antirheumatics
treat rheumatoid arthritis.
Relieve pain (analgesics), reduce inflammation (NSAIDs & steroids), and
control the underlying disease (disease modifying rheumatoid arthritis drugs
or DMARDs & biologic drugs)
Uses
o Long-term solutions to control symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
by slowing down joint destruction and preserving joint function
(DMARDs).
o Target specific components of the immune system (biologic agents - IM
or IV only).
These may be used alone, but are often given with other
DMARDs to increase the benefits and limit potential side effects.

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug

Examples
o Biologic response modifiers (anti-TNF)
adalimumab* (Humira)
certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
etanercept* (Enbrel)
golimumab (Simponi)
inFLIXimab (Remicade)
o DMARDs
azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan)
cycloSPORINE (Neoral, SandIMMUNE)
gold sodium thiomalate (Myochrysine)
hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
leflunomide (Arava)
! methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)
sulfaSALAzine (Azulfidine)
o Other biologics
abatacept (Orencia)
anakinra (Kineret)
riTUXimab (Rituxan)
tocilizumab (Actemra)
Antituberculars
various actions that affect mycobacteria, with most having bactericidal (for
example, rifampin) and/or bacteriostatic (for example, isoniazid) actions
Uses
o Treat and prevent tuberculosis (TB)
Examples
o Combination drugs
rifampin & isoniazid & pyrazinamide (Rifater)
o Primary agents
ethionamide (Trecator SC)
isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid)
rifampin (Rifadin)
rifapentine (Priftin)
o Second line agents
capreomycin (Capastat)
cycloSERINE (Seromycin)
ethambutol (Myambutol)
pyrazinamide (PZA) (generic)
streptomycin (generic)
o Third line agents (Aminoglycosides)
kanamycin (Kantrex)
Antiulcer Agents
block the secretion of gastric acid by the gastric parietal cells (PPIs). They
also stop the action of histamine on the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits
the secretion of gastric acid (H-2 receptor blockers)
Uses

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Treat and prevent peptic ulcer and gastric hypersecretory conditions,
e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
o Manage the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
o Treat recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter
pylori infections (a combined antibiotic and gastric acid suppression
therapy).
Examples
o Anti-infective (Penicillins)
amoxicillin* (Amoxil)
o Herbal
comfrey (herbal)
o Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
cimetidine (Tagamet)
famotidine* (Pepcid)
nizatidine (Axid)
ranitidine (Zantac)
o Mucosal protective
aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
aluminum hydroxide & magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol)
sucralfate (Carafate)
o Other
clarithromycin (Biaxin)
metroNIDAZOLE (Flagyl)
misoprostol (Cytotec)
propantheline (Pro-Banthine)
sodium bicarbonate (Baking Soda, Neut)
o Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
dexlansoprazole* (Dexilant)
esomeprazole* (NexIUM)
lansoprazole (Prevacid)
omeprazole* (PriLOSEC)
pantoprazole* (Protonix)
RABEprazole (Aciphex)
Antivirals
designed to work in one of two ways
o inhibit the ability to multiply or
o mimic the virus attachment protein, disrupting the replication process.
Uses
o Prevent, manage and/or treat viral infections, such as HIV, herpes
simplex and cytomegalovirus, pneumonia, measles and mumps, and
influenza strains (including swine flu)
Examples
o cidofovir (Vistide)
o foscarnet (Foscavir)
o ganciclovir (Cytovene)
o valGANciclovir (Valcyte)
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Anti-herpetic agents
acyclovir (Zovirax)
famciclovir (Famvir)
valACYclovir (Valcyte)
o Anti-influenza agents
amantadine (Symmetrel)
oseltamivir* (Tamiflu)
rimantadine (Flumadine)
zanamivir (Relenza)
o Nucleoside analogues
adefovir (Hepsera)
entecavir (Baraclude)
lamiVUDine (Epivir)
penciclovir (Denavir)
ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole)
telbivudine (Tyzeka)
o Purine nucleosides
vidarabine (Vira-A)
Benzodiazepines
medications depress the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, which is an
inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Are all Schedule IV drugs
Uses
o Produce sedation or induce sleep.
o Relieve anxiety and muscle spasms.
o Prevent seizures.
Examples
o ALPRAZolam* (Xanax)
o chlordiazePOXIDE (Librium)
o clonazePAM* (KlonoPIN)
o clorazepate (Tranxene)
o diazepam* (Valium)
o estazolam (ProSom)
o flumazenil (Romazicon)
o flurazepam (Dalmane)
o LORazepam* (Ativan)
o ! midazolam (Versed)
o oxazepam (Serax)
o quazepam (Doral)
o temazepam (Restoril)
o triazolam (Halcion)
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (Beta Blockers)
medications block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta
receptors on nerves. By blocking the effects of these neurotransmitters, they
reduce heart rate and reduce blood pressure by dilating blood vessels
Uses
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Treat hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, and angina (but not for
immediate relief).
o Treat glaucoma (ophthalmic).
o Prevent future heart attacks in heart attack patients.
o Prevent migraine headaches.
Examples
o acebutolol (Sectral)
o atenolol* (Tenormin)
o betaxolol (Kerlone)
o bisoprolol* (Zebeta)
o carteolol (Cartrol)
o carvedilol* (Coreg)
o ! esmolol (Brevibloc)
o ! labetalol (Trandate)
o ! metoprolol* (Lopressor, Toprol-XL)
o nadolol (Corgard)
o nebivolol* (Bystolic)
o penbutolol (Levatol)
o pindolol (Visken)
o propranolol (Inderal)
o sotalol (Betapace)
o timolol (Timoptic)
Bone Resorption Inhibitors
bind to hydroxyapatite in bone and inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the
number and activity of osteoclasts
Uses
o Prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and due to
other causes, such as Paget's disease of the bone and corticosteroid
therapy
Examples
o alendronate* (Fosamax)
o calcitonin-salmon (Miacalcin)
o etidronate disodium (Didronel)
o ibandronate (Boniva)
o raloxifene* (Evista)
o risedronate* (Actonel)
o tiludronate (Skelid)
Bronchodilators
relax bronchial smooth muscle, making the airways larger and allowing air to
pass through the lungs. They may also increase mucociliary clearance (beta
agonists).
Uses
o Short-acting medications act as asthma "rescue" medications.
o Long-acting medications are used to control asthma daily in
conjunction with an inhaled steroid.
Examples
o EPINEPHrine (EpiPen, Primatene, Nephron, Adrenalin)
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Anticholinergics
ipratropium (Atrovent)
tiotropium* (Spiriva)
o Beta agonists (long-acting)
arformoterol (Brovana)
formoterol (Foradil)
salmeterol (Serevent)
o Beta agonists (short-acting)
albuterol* (Proventil, Ventolin, Proair, Accuneb)
levalbuterol* (Xopenex)
metaproterenol (Alupent)
pirbuterol (Maxair)
terbutaline (Brethine)
o Combination (inhaled steroid + long acting beta agonist)
! budesonide & formoterol* (Symbicort)
fluticasone & salmeterol* (Advair)
Leukotriene synthesis inhibitors
montelukast* (Singulair)
zafirlukast (Accolate)
zileuton (Zyflo)
o Methylxanthines
aminophylline (Phyllocontin, Truphylline)
theophylline (Theo-Dur, Slo-Bid, Aerolate, and others)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
slow the rate at which calcium passes into the heart muscle and into the
vessel walls relaxes the vessels and allows blood to flow more easily
through them, lowering blood pressure
Uses
o Treat hypertension, angina, and abnormal heart rhythms (atrial
fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia).
o Treat post-MI clients who cannot tolerate beta-blockers
Examples
o amLODIpine* (Norvasc, Lotrel)
o bepridil (Vascor)
o diltiazem* (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, and others)
o felodipine (Plendil)
o isradipine (DynaCirc)
o niCARdipine (Cardene)
o NIFEdipine (Adalat, Procardia XL)
o niMODipine (Nimotop)
o nisoldipine (Sular)
o verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan)
Central Nervous System Stimulants
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug

increase physical activity, mental alertness and attention span. The exact
mechanism of action is not known
Uses
o Improve concentration and focus for those with attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
o Decrease appetite and promote weight loss
o Alleviate sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, Shift Work Sleep
Disorder, and jet lag
Examples
o amphetamine & dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
o benzphetamine (Didrex)
o caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)
o dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
o dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
o diethylpropion (Tenuate)
o lisdexamfetamine* (Vyvanse)
o methylphenidate* (Concerta, Ritalin)
Corticosteroids
mimic the effect of hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands.
When the dose exceeds the body's usual hormone levels, they will suppress
inflammation, as well as the immune system. Also used for their
antineoplastic activity
Uses
o Oral forms treat inflammation and pain associated with arthritis and
autoimmune diseases (such as lupus, Crohn's).
o Inhaled medications treat asthma and allergies.
o Topical application helps heal skin conditions.
o Injected forms treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, gout and
other inflammatory diseases.
Examples
o beclomethasone (Qvar)
o betamethasone (Celestone)
o budesonide (Entocort EC, Pulmicort)
o cortisone (Cortone Acetate)
o dexamethasone (Decadron)
o flunisolide (AeroBid)
o fluticasone* (Flonase, Flovent)
o methylPREDNISolone* (Medrol, Depo-Medrol)
o mometasone furoate* (Nasonex)
o prednisoLONE (Orapred, Prelone)
o predniSONE* (Sterapred)
Diuretics Loop
work in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (where magnesium & calcium
are reabsorbed). Disrupted reabsorption causes increased urine production,

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
which lowers blood volume and results in lowered blood pressure. Also causes
the veins to dilate, which lowers blood pressure mechanically
Uses
o Treat acute pulmonary edema and manage edema.
o Reduce intracranial pressure and treat hyperkalemia.
Examples
o Burnetanide (Burnex)
o Ethacrynic acid (edecrin)
o Furosemide (Lasix)
o Toresemide (Damadex)
Diuretics Thiazide
derived from a chemical called benzothiadiazine. They work in the distal
convoluted tubule by decreasing the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and
chloride (which results in increased urine production) and help dilate blood
vessels
uses
o Alone or in combination with loop diuretics, treat hypertension or
edema due to heart failure or other causes
Examples
o chlorothiazide (Hygroton, Diuril)
o hydrochlorothiazide* (HydroDIURIL)
o indapamide (Lozol)
o metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
Diuretics Osmotic
Produce a rapid loss of sodium and water by inhibiting their reabsorption in
the kidney tubules and the loop of Henle
Increase plasma osmolality, which increases diffusion of water from the
intraocular and cerebrospinal fluids
Uses
o Manage cerebral edema to decrease intracranial pressure
Examples
o mannitol (Osmitrol)
o urea (generic)
Diuretics Potassium-Sparing
conserve potassium in clients receiving thiazide or loop diuretics. They
decrease sodium reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidneys
Uses
o Treat clients with heart failure, since they do not significantly lower
blood pressure
Examples
o aMILoride (Midamor)
o eplerenone (Inspra)
o spironolactone (Aldactone)
o triamterene (Dyrenium)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Immunizing Agents
biological antimicrobial agents (biologicals) are any substance or organism
that provokes an immune response when introduced into the body
Uses
o Prevent, treat or cure infectious diseases
Examples
o Active immunizing agents
bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (Theracys)
diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed
(DTaP) (Daptacel)
haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (Hib) (ActHIB)
hepatitis A virus vaccine (Havrix, Vaqta)
hepatitis B virus vaccine (Engerix-B)
herpes zoster vaccine* (Zostavax)
human papillomavirus vaccine* (Gardasil)
influenza virus vaccines (many different ones)
measles, rubella, mumps virus vaccine (M-M-R II)
meningococcal polysaccharide bacterial vaccine (Menactra)
poliovirus vaccines (Ipol)
rabies virus vaccine (Imovax Rabies)
rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix)
smallpox virus vaccine (Dryvax)
tetanus toxoid (TE Anatoxal Berna)
typhoid bacterial vaccine (Vivotif)
varicella virus vaccine (Varivax)
yellow fever virus vaccine (YF-VAX)
o Passive immunizing agents
antivenin (many different ones)
cytomegalovirus immune globulin (Cytogam)
digoxin immune FAB (DigiFab)
hepatitis B immune globulin (BeyHep B)
rabies immune globulin (BayRab)
respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin (Respigam)
Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)
tetanus immune globulin (HyperTET S/D)
varicella zoster immune globulin (Varizig)
Immunosuppressants
medications inhibit cell-mediated immune responses
Uses
o Prevent transplantation rejection reactions
o Manage selected autoimmune diseases (for example, nephritic
syndrome of childhood and severe rheumatoid arthritis)
Examples
o azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
o basiliximab (Simulect)
o chlorambucil (Leukeran)
o cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Endoxan, Neosar)
o cycloSPORINE (Neoral, SandIMMUNE)
o daclizumab (Zenapax)
o ! methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)
o muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3)
o mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept)
o mycophenolic acid (Myfortic)
o pimecrolimus (Elidel)
o sirolimus (Rapamune)
o tacrolimus (Prograf)
o thalidomide (Thalomid)
Laxatives
typically classified as either bulk-forming agents, osmotics, salines, stimulant
laxatives or stool softeners
Uses
o Treat or prevent constipation
o Prepare the bowel for radiologic or endoscopic procedures
Examples
o methylnaltrexone bromide (Relistor)
o Bulk-forming agents
polycarbophil (Equalactin, FiberCon)
psyllium (Metamucil)
o Osmotics
glycerin suppositories (generic)
lactulose (Chronulac, Cephulac, Cholac)
polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
o Salines
magnesium chloride (Mag 64, Mag-SR)
magnesium gluconate (Mag-G, Magonate)
magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
phosphate/biphosphate (Fleet Enema, OsmoPrep)
o Stimulant laxatives
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
sennosides (Senokot)
o Stimulant laxatives (Herbal)
aloe (herbal)
o Stool softeners
docusate sodium (Colace, Surfak)
Lipid-Lowering Agents
Reduce LDL (the "bad" or "lousy") cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme in the
liver (HMG-CoA reductase) responsible for making cholesterol; shrink,

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
stabilize and prevent rupture of fatty plaques and formation of clots; and
prevent inflammation (statins).
Reduce LDL by binding to bile acid and preventing absorption of cholesterol
from the small intestine (bile acid sequestrants).
Prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with elevated triglycerides and low
HDL when diet and lifestyle changes are unsuccessful (fibric acid agents).
Uses
o Reduce blood lipids in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (along with diet and exercise)
Examples
o Bile Acid Sequestrants
cholestyramine (Questran)
colesevelam* (Welchol)
colestipol (Colestid)
o Fibric Acids
fenofibrate (Tricor)
fenofibric acid (Trilipix)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
o HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
atorvastatin* (Lipitor)
pitavastatin (Livalo)
pravastatin* (Pravachol)
rosuvastatin* (Crestor)
simvastatin* (Zocor)
o Other
ezetimibe* (Zetia)
ezetimibe & simvastatin* (Vytorin)
Minerals/Electrolytes/pH Modifiers
correct imbalances minerals and electrolytes or make the urine more alkaline
(pH modifiers).
Uses
o Prevent and treat deficiencies or excesses of electrolytes.
o Prevent crystals from forming in the urine and inhibit the formation of
kidney stones (acidifiers and alkalinizers).
o Treat pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (magnesium sulfate).
o Some of these meds neutralize gastric acid.
Examples
o Alkalinizing agents
sodium bicarbonate (Baking Soda, Neut)
o Calcium salts
calcium acetate (Eliphos)
calcium carbonate (Caltrate)
! calcium chloride (generic)
calcium citrate (Citracal)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
! calcium gluconate (generic)
calcium lactate (Ridactate)
o Magnesium salts
magnesium sulfate (generic)
o pH modifiers
potassium citrate (Urocit-K)
! potassium phosphate (Neutra-Phos-K)
o Phosphate supplements
sodium phosphate (OsmoPrep)
o Potassium salts
potassium bicarbonate (Effervescent Potassium)
potassium bicarbonate & potassium citrate (K-Lyte)
potassium chloride* (K-Dur, Klor-Con)
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
block the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 & COX-2) enzymes and reduce
prostaglandins throughout the body, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever
Uses
o Control mild-to-moderate pain, reduce fever, and to treat various
inflammatory conditions, such as osteoarthritis
Examples
o COX-2 selective inhibitors
celecoxib* (CeleBREX)
o Salicylates
aspirin (Bayer)
o Traditional NSAIDs
diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren)
diflunisal (Dolobid)
etodolac (Lodine)
ibuprofen* (Motrin, Advil)
indomethacin (Indocin)
ketoprofen (Actron, Orudis)
ketorolac (Toradol)
nabumetone (Relafen)
naproxen* (Aleve, Naprosyn)
piroxicam (Feldene)
Nonopioid Analgesics
target and block the chemical substances released by the brain (particularly
prostaglandin) in response to injury
uses
o Control mild-to-moderate pain and/or fever
Examples
o acetaminophen (Tylenol)
o chondroitin sulfate (Chondroitin)
o phenazopyridine (Pyridium, Urogesic)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
salsalate (Amigesic, Disalcid)
Barbiturate + NSAID
butalbital & acetaminophen (Phrenilin)
Botanical medical food
flavocoxid (Limbrel)
Herbals
capsaicin (Icy Hot Arthritis Therapy, ArthriCare for Women)
o NSAIDs
ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
ketorolac (Toradol)
meloxicam* (Mobic)
naproxen* (Aleve, Midol Extended Relief)
o Radiopharmaceutical
samarium sm 153 lexidronam (Quadramet)
strontium-89 chloride (Metastron)
o Salicylates
aspirin (Bayer)
Opioid Analgesics
interact with opioid receptors in the central nervous system, acting as
agonists of endogenously occurring opioid peptides (enkephalins and
endorphins). This action alters perception and response to pain. They can be
categorized as long-acting, short-acting, or rapid-onset agents.
They are all Schedule II drugs.
Uses
o Manage of moderate-to-severe pain
Examples (ALL are ! high alert drugs)
o alfentanil (Alfenta)
o buprenorphine (Buprenex)
o butorphanol (Stadol)
o codeine* (generic)
o fentaNYL (Duragesic)
o HYDROcodone* (Norco, Vicodin)
o HYDROmorphone (Dilaudid, Exalgo)
o levorphanol (LevoDromoran)
o meperidine (Demerol)
o methadone (Dolophine)
o morphine (generic)
o nalbuphine (Nubain)
o oxyCODONE* (OxyContin, Percocet)
o oxymorphone (Opana ER)
o pentazocine (Talwin)
o remifentanil (Ultiva)
o SUFentanil (Sufenta)
o tapentadol (Nucynta)
o
o
o
o
o
o

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
o traMADol* (Rybix, Ryzolt, Ultram)
Sedatives/Hypnotics
moderate activity and excitement while inducing a calming effect (and may
be anxiolytic). They induce drowsiness and sleep
Most are Schedule IV drugs
Uses
o Provide sedation, usually prior to procedures
o Selected agents are useful as anticonvulsants, skeletal muscle
relaxants, adjuncts in general surgery and adjuncts for the treatment
of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Examples
o Barbiturates
amobarbital (Amytal)
PENTobarbital (Nembutal)
PHENobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton)
secobarbital (Seconal)
o Benzodiazepines (intermediate-acting)
estazolam (ProSom)
LORazepam* (Ativan)
temazepam (Restoril)
o Benzodiazepines (long-acting)
clorazepate (Tranxene)
diazepam* (Valium)
flurazepam (Dalmane)
o Benzodiazepines (short-acting)
! midazolam (Versed)
oxazepam (Serax)
triazolam (Halcion)
o Herbals
chamomile (herbal)
dill (herbal)
kava-kava (herbal)
lemon verbena (herbal)
valerian (herbal)
o Other
! chloral hydrate (Somnote)
chlordiazePOXIDE (Librium)
! dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
droperidol (Inapsine)
eszopiclone* (Lunesta)
hydrOXYzine* (Atarax, Vistaril)
! promethazine* (Phenergan)
ramelteon (Rozerem)
zaleplon (Sonata)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
zolpidem* (Ambien)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal
transmission; dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle.
They are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antispasmodic agents
Uses
o Treat spasticity associated with spinal cord diseases (such as cerebral
palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions.
o Relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as
adjunctive therapy).
Examples
o Antispasticity agents
baclofen (Lioresal)
dantrolene (Dantrium)
tiZANidine (Zanaflex)
o Musculoskeletal agents
carisoprodol* (Soma, Soprodal, Vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC)
cyclobenzaprine* (Flexeril)
metaxalone (Skelaxin)
methocarbamol (Robaxin)
orphenadrine (Norflex)
o Other
diazepam* (Valium)
Thrombolytics
act centrally on the spinal cord or brain stem and inhibit neuronal
transmission
o dantrolene is the only one that acts directly on skeletal muscle
They are typically classified by their pharmacologic properties as either antispasticity or antispasmodic agents.
Uses
o Treat spasticity associated with spinal cord diseases (such as cerebral
palsy, multiple sclerosis) or lesions.
o Relieve symptoms of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions (as
adjunctive therapy).
Examples
o Antispasticity agents
baclofen (Lioresal)
dantrolene (Dantrium)
tiZANidine (Zanaflex)
o Musculoskeletal agents
carisoprodol* (Soma, Soprodal, Vanadom)
chlorzoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
cyclobenzaprine* (Flexeril)
metaxalone (Skelaxin)
methocarbamol (Robaxin)
orphenadrine (Norflex)
o Other
diazepam* (Valium)
Tocolytic Agents
inhibit uterine contractions and suppress pre-term labor
Uses
o Pre-term labor
Examples
o ! magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) (generic)
o Beta-mimetics
terbutaline (Brethine)
o Calcium Channel Blockers
nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
o Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
indomethacin (Indocin)
Vascular Headache Suppressants
Directly stimulate alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, producing
vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction (ergot derivatives)
Narrow dilated blood vessels and block nerves from transmitting signals of
pain to the brain (5-HT1 agonists)
Uses
o Treat vascular headaches (migraines and cluster headaches)
Examples
o 5-HT1 agonists
almotriptan (Axert)
eletriptan (Relpax)
frovatriptan (Frova)
naratriptan (Amerge)
rizatriptan (Maxalt)
SUMAtriptan (Imitrex)
ZOLMitriptan (Zomig)
o Beta blockers
propranolol (Inderal)
timolol (Timoptic)
o Calcium channel blocker
verapamil* (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan)
o Ergots
dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45)
ergotamine (Ergomar)
o Herbals
feverfew (herbal)

*One of the top 200 most commonly prescribed medications


! High Alert drug
Vasopressors
potent vasoconstrictors that produce a rise in blood pressure (specifically, an
increase in mean arterial pressure)
Uses
o Control blood pressure in hypotensive states, such as (cardiogenic,
septic) shock, drug reactions, spinal anesthesia.
o Prolong anesthesia.
o Treat certain heart rhythm problems, including cardiac arrest.
Examples
o DOPamine (generic)
o EPINEPHrine (EpiPen, Primatene, Nephron, Adrenalin)
o midodrine (ProAmatine)
o norepinephrine (Levophed)
o ! phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Vitamins
organic compounds, present in minute amounts in foods, are essential for
normal growth and development. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver
and excreted via the feces; water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body
and are excreted in the urine
Uses:
o Dietary supplement.
o Treat vitamin deficiency.
o Treat skin conditions.
Examples
o Fat soluble
cholecalciferol/D3 (Drisdol, Calciferol)
vitamin A (Lumitene, Aquasol A, Retinol)
vitamin E (Aquasol E, Aquavite-E)
vitamin K (Mephyton, AquaMephyton)
o Water soluble
ascorbic acid/C (Cenolate, Vita C)
B-complex vitamin (Slo-Niacin)
cyanocobalamin/B12 (CaloMist, Nascobal)
folic acid (Folvite)
niacin/B3 (Niacor, Niaspan)
pyridoxine/B6 (Aminoxin, Nestrex)
thiamine/B1 (Thiamilate)

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