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Carding: Opening/disentanglement Cleaning Mixing Sliver Forming

The document discusses carding functions and machinery. Carding opens, cleans, mixes, and forms slivers of cotton fibers. Key parts of cotton cards include the card clothing and cylinders. Carding operations involve feeding fibers into the machine, carding them to separate into individual fibers, and doffing to form slivers. Draft, production rate, and fiber configuration in sliver are also covered.

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Shoaib Wahab
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98 views27 pages

Carding: Opening/disentanglement Cleaning Mixing Sliver Forming

The document discusses carding functions and machinery. Carding opens, cleans, mixes, and forms slivers of cotton fibers. Key parts of cotton cards include the card clothing and cylinders. Carding operations involve feeding fibers into the machine, carding them to separate into individual fibers, and doffing to form slivers. Draft, production rate, and fiber configuration in sliver are also covered.

Uploaded by

Shoaib Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Carding

Functions:

Opening/disentanglement
Cleaning
Mixing
Sliver forming

Cotton Card: Revolving-flat Card


Card Clothing

Main Types

Flexible: wired teeth protruding from


foundation of laminated structure

Metallic (rigid): toothed steel strip


Depth (C) Overall
height (h)

=Carding (working) angle


Metallic
clothing

Pitch (t)

Base width (a)

Flexible
Clothing
Card Clothing

Important parameters

Working angle
Depth
Point density
Sharpness
Card Clothing: Arrangement

Point-to-Point

Setting

Point-to-Back
Possible Actions between Two Surfaces with Card Clothing
Carding (Point-to-Point) Action

Fibre clusters divided by two surfaces


Brushing (Back-to-Back) Action

Fibres brought to the gap between two surfaces


(not used in cotton card)
Stripping (Point-to-Back) Action

Fibres transfer to faster surface


Point to Point: Carding

Point to Back: Stripping

Back to Back: Brushing


Carding Operations

Feeding
Carding
Doffing / sliver forming
Pressure =2V2

=1000V1

S1=
S3
0.25-0.5
S2
L1 L2 (1)
Feeding Area
Fibres fed by feed roller/feed plate in lap form

Lap opened to small tufts by taker-in

Trash extracted by mote knifes/grids

Fibres transferred to cylinder

Key parameters
Lap density
Speeds
Settings
Taker-in clothing
Carding Area
Intensive opening
Carding action between flats and cylinder
separates fibre tufts to single fibres

Trash extracted by flats/removed by fly comb

Mixing

Key parameters

Speeds
Settings
Card clothing
Cylinder loading
Fast

Slow
Doffing Area
Fibre transfer (cylinder to doffer)
Point to point action
Transfer factor: 20-30%
If too low: over carding of fibres
over loading of cylinder
To increase transfer factor:
Increase doffer wire working angle and depth
Increase doffer speed
Decrease cylinder-doffer setting

Doffer web removed by stripping roller

Web condensed into sliver and


deposited in sliver can by coiler
DRAFT

Input Linear Density Output Linear Density


L1 L2
Machine
Input (Feed) Speed Output (Delivery) Speed
V1 V2

L1
Technical draft (actual draft) TD
L2
V2
Mechanical draft MD
V1
L1 V2
Without Wastage: L1xV1=L2xV2 or =
L2 V1
DRAFT

Input Linear Density Output Linear Density


L1 L2
Machine
Input (Feed) Speed Output (Delivery) Speed
V1 V2

Waste (W% of Feed)

With Wastage: L1xV1=L2xV2+L1xV1xW%

MD=TD (1-W%)
Production Rate

Vd x 60 x Ls
(Kg/h)
1000

Vd: Sliver delivery speed (m/min)


Ls: Sliver linear density (Ktex)

Production rate is affected by:


Fibre type
Fibre length/thickness
Trash content
Machine design, settings, maintenance
Recommended Production Rates
(Platt Type 600)

Type Micronaire Staple Length Max. Kg/h


Indian 5.0 16-24 41
Low American 4.5 24-26 39
Good American 4.2 26-28 32
Sudan/Egyptian 3.8 29-35 20
Long Egyptian/Pima 3.4 >35 16
Draft & Production Calculation
Example
Given:

Feed lap linear density: 700 Ktex


Sliver linear density: 5 Ktex
Waste: 5%
Feed roller diameter: 100 mm
Feed roller speed: 3 rpm

Calculate:

Total Technical Draft


Total Mechanical Draft
Production rate (Kg/h)
Fibre Configuration in Card Sliver

Fibres largely aligned along sliver length

Most fibres have hooked ends:

50% (majority) trailing hooks


25% leading hooks
15% double hooks
10% straight
Fibre hooks adversely affect:

Yarn strength

Yarn appearance

Performance of subsequent machines

Sliver quality needs further improvement

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