Onshore Model Line Attributes
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AA. ONSHORE MODEL LINE ATTRIBUTES ............................................................. AA.2
AA.1 Metric Units ............................................................................................... AA.3
AA.1.1 Attributes Alphabetically ................................................................ AA.3
AA.1.2 Attributes By Module.................................................................... AA.26
AA.2 Imperial Units .......................................................................................... AA.36
AA.2.1 Attributes Alphabetically .............................................................. AA.36
AA.2.2 Attributes By Module.................................................................... AA.59
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.2
AA. Onshore Model Line Attributes
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.3
AA.1 Metric Units
AA.1.1 Attributes Alphabetically
Attribute Name Product Type Units Range/Coord
Index Choice Caption
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
A category describing the relative frequency of occurrence of excavation activity on the right-of-way and an indication of
the likely nature of the activity (with shallow excavations being associated with undeveloped areas and deep excavations
being associated with developed or developing areas).
0 Zone 1 (negligible - undeveloped) Negligible right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas (e.g., remote
uninhabited areas), typically Class 1 areas.
1 Zone 2 (low - undeveloped) Low level right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas typically
involving shallow excavations (e.g., parkland or grazing land),
typically Class 1 areas.
2 Zone 3 (high - undeveloped) High level right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas generally
involving shallow excavations (e.g., cultivated agricultural land or
other surface resource exploitation areas), typically Class 1.
3 Zone 4 (low - developed) Low level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically involving
deeper excavations (e.g., established low density residential or
commercial areas), typically Class 1 or 2 areas.
4 Zone 5 (medium - developed) Medium level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically
involving deep excavations (e.g., low density residential or
commercial areas in transition, or medium density residential or
commercial areas, or typical industrial areas), typically Class 2 or 3
areas.
5 Zone 6 (high - developed) High level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically involving
deep excavations (e.g., high density multi-story residential or
commercial areas with numerous underground utilities, or areas
involving intensive industrial activity), typically Class 3 or 4 areas.
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not permanent above ground markers (such as fencing or concrete curbs) exist to provide an
obvious indication of the location of the pipeline alignment.
0 No No physical structures at ground surface providing an indication of
alignment location.
1 Yes Physical structures such as fences, concrete barriers or other
continuous surface markers indicating alignment location.
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not buried markers (such as coloured tape) exist to provide an indication of the location of the
pipeline alignment after the start of excavation activity.
0 No No buried markers providing an indication of alignment location.
1 Yes Continuous buried markers such as plastic tape or mesh providing an
indication of alignment location.
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AA.4 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
An indication of the placement of explicit signage that describes and locates the pipeline and provides a telephone number for
dig notification.
0 None No permanent signage.
1 At selected strategic locations Permanent signage at roadway, railway, water body, and major utility
crossings and other locations associated with the potential for
significant right-of-way activity.
2 Closely spaced and highly visible Permanent signage placed to ensure that it is visible from any point
along the right-of-way.
Annual Cost Both $/km Opt. Range
The average annual cost per unit line length of integrity maintenance activities that are carried out on a periodic basis.
Annual Rainfall Liquid Choice Range
The average annual rainfall.
0 < 400 mm
1 400 mm to < 800 mm
2 800 mm to 1200 mm
3 > 1200 mm
Aquifer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer of concern underlying the pipeline.
0 high (> 1E-2 cm/s)
1 medium (1E-2 cm/s to 1E-4 cm/s)
2 low (< 1E-4 cm/s)
Azimuth Both degrees Range
The direction angle of a horizontal projection of the pipeline axis measured clockwise from North.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
external corrosion.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
seam weld fatigue.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
internal corrosion.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
stress corrosion cracking.
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.5
Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to external corrosion.
Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to seam weld fatigue.
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to internal corrosion.
Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to stress corrosion cracking.
Block Valve Type Both Choice Coordinate
The type of valve (as it relates to closure time in the event of line failure) at a given location.
0 Manual control Closure times consistent with manually operated valves.
1 Remote control Closure times consistent with automatically operated valves.
Casing Short Both Choice Range
An indication of whether electrical shorting at cased locations is contributing to a lack of effective cathodic protection at
exposed locations on the pipe wall.
0 No
1 Yes
Cathodic Protection Level Both Choice Range
A characterization of the adequacy and uniformity of the voltage potential generated by the cathodic protection system.
0 Consistently within range Voltage consistently within target range.
1 Isolated excursions Generally adequate voltage with isolated areas outside of target
voltage range.
2 Extensive excursions Generally inadequate voltage or extensive areas outside of target
voltage range.
3 None No cathodic protection.
Coating Condition Both Choice Range
A characterization of the integrity of the external coating system.
0 Completely sound No indication of significant damage to coating system.
1 Isolated damage Indication of coating system damage affecting less than 1% of
surface area.
2 Extensive damage Indication of coating system damage affecting significantly more
than 1% of surface area.
3 Not applicable (no coating) No coating.
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AA.6 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Coating Type Both Choice Range
The type of external coating applied to the pipeline.
0 Fusion bonded epoxy
1 Extruded polyethylene
2 Coal tar
3 Wax and vinyl tape
4 Asphalt
5 Polyethylene tape
6 Bare
Condensation Rate Gas g/(ms) Range
The rate of condensation of the transported water vapour.
Confining Layer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
The hydraulic conductivity of the confining material isolating the pipeline from the underlying aquifer of concern.
0 high (> 1E-4 cm/s)
1 medium (1E-4 cm/s to 1E-6 cm/s)
2 low (< 1E-6 cm/s)
Confining Layer Thickness Liquid Choice Range
The thickness of the layer of confining material isolating the pipeline from an underlying aquifer of concern.
0 <3m
1 3 m to 10 m
2 > 10 m
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
A characterization of the type of crossing or special terrain feature encountered by the pipeline.
0 Typical cross-country conditions Typical buried pipe conditions.
1 Bog or Muskeg A crossing of waterlogged ground.
2 Marsh or Swamp A crossing of water covered ground that is associated with surface
breaking vegetation.
3 Roadway - major - uncased A crossing of a paved road of high weight and traffic capacity (e.g.,
arterial highways and major collectors) by pipe that is not isolated
from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
4 Roadway - major - cased A crossing of a paved road of high weight and traffic capacity (e.g.,
arterial highways and major collectors) by pipe that is isolated from
the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
5 Roadway - minor - uncased A crossing of a paved or unpaved road of low weight and traffic
capacity (e.g., local roads and minor collectors) by pipe that is not
isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
6 Roadway - minor - cased A crossing of a paved or unpaved road of low weight and traffic
capacity (e.g., local roads and minor collectors) by pipe that is
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.7
isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
7 Railway - major - uncased A crossing of a rail line of high traffic capacity (e.g., mainlines) by
pipe that is not isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
8 Railway - major - cased A crossing of a rail line of high traffic capacity (e.g., mainlines) by
pipe that is isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
9 Railway - minor - uncased A crossing of a rail line of low traffic capacity (e.g., local lines,
switching and terminal lines) by pipe that is not isolated from the
surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
10 Railway - minor - cased A crossing of a rail line of low traffic capacity (e.g., local lines,
switching and terminal lines) by pipe that is isolated from the
surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
11 Utility - major A crossing of a buried utility line that is assumed to require
frequent inspection and maintenance.
12 Utility - minor A crossing of a buried utility line that is assumed to require
infrequent inspection and maintenance.
13 Waterway - navigable - major - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
14 Waterway - navigable - major - jacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
15 Waterway - navigable - minor - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
16 Waterway - navigable - minor - jacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
17 Waterway - unnavigable - major - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
18 Waterway - unnavigable - major - jacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
19 Waterway - unnavigable - minor - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
20 Waterway - unnavigable - minor - jacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
21 Aerial Crossing - dedicated structure An isolated above ground extent of piping supported by a
purpose-built structure, typically associated with a roadway, railway
or water body crossing.
22 Aerial Crossing - shared structure An isolated above ground extent of piping supported by a multi-use
structure (e.g., road or rail bridge), typically associated with a
roadway, railway or water body crossing.
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the external coating system was replaced or otherwise rehabilitated.
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AA.8 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
The date when the pipeline was installed.
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent hydrostatic pressure test was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on external corrosion was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on seam weld fatigue was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on internal corrosion was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on SCC was performed.
Dent Gouge Defect Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of dent gouge defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Dent Gouge Defect Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to dent depth and gouge size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Depth of Burial Both m Range
The depth of top of the pipeline below ground surface.
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.9
Detectable Release Volume Both m Range
The maximum volume of product that can be lost from the pipeline before leak detection equipment triggers a leak detection
alarm. (It is assumed that steps will be taken to close all block valves immediately following the detection of a leak or a
rupture.)
Diameter Both mm Range
The nominal outside diameter of the line pipe.
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
The legislative requirements pertaining to the need for parties planning excavation activities to use a one-call system.
0 Required and enforced
1 Required but not enforced
2 Not required (voluntary)
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
The action taken by the operator in response to a dig notification.
0 Provide location information only
1 Locate and mark with no site supervision
2 Locate and mark with site supervision
3 Excavation by operator
Direct Exposure due to Land Use within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
The type of, and distance to, adjacent land usage with the highest potential for human exposure to contaminated soil. (If
multiple categories apply choose the option closest to the top of the list.)
0 None
1 Residential (0 to < 300m)
2 Agricultural (0 to < 300m)
3 Residential (300m to < 1km)
4 Agricultural (300m to < 1km)
5 Parkland (0 to < 300m)
6 Residential (1km to < 5km)
7 Parkland (300m to < 1km)
8 Commercial/industrial (0 to < 300m)
9 Agricultural (1km to < 5km)
10 Parkland (1km to < 5km)
11 Commercial/industrial (300m to < 1km)
12 Commercial/industrial (1km to < 5km)
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AA.10 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Drinking Water within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
The distance to surface or groundwater used for drinking and the availability of an alternate supply.
0 None
1 < 100m (alt. not avail)
2 < 100m (alt. difficult to obtain)
3 < 100m (alt. readily avail)
4 100m to < 300m (alt. not avail)
5 100m to < 300m (alt. difficult to obtain)
6 100m to < 300m (alt. readily avail)
7 300m to < 1km (alt. not avail)
8 300m to < 1km (alt. difficult to obtain)
9 300m to < 1km (alt. readily avail)
10 1km to < 5km (alt. not avail)
11 1km to < 5km (alt. difficult to obtain)
12 1km to < 5km (alt. readily avail)
Earthquake Moment Magnitude Both M Range
A measure of the total energy released during an earthquake.
Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to external corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to seam weld fatigue resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to internal corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to SCC resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Electrical Interference Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not stray electrical currents are undermining the effectiveness of cathodic protection at exposed
locations on the pipe wall.
0 No
1 Yes
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.11
Elevation Profile Liquid m Coordinate
The relative elevation of the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected points along the length of the
line. Negative elevations are interpreted as depths below sea level. (The location of intermediate points should be chosen to
adequately characterize the elevation profile recognizing that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line elevation
at all locations between specified reference points.)
External Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of external corrosion defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
External Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of external corrosion defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
External Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to external corrosion defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event Both probability Range
The probability of pipeline failure given the occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event.
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AA.12 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Far Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
A characterization of the terrain conditions adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way in terms of water permeability for dry ground
conditions or surface water conditions for submerged ground conditions. (Note that the terrain conditions directly on the
right-of-way are defined by the Near Field Terrain attribute.)
0 Ground - low permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
clayey soils or shale.
1 Ground - moderate permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
silts or glacial till.
2 Ground - high permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of clean
sands and gravels.
3 Waterlogged groundmass Water flow characteristics typically associated with bogs or muskeg.
4 Water covered vegetation Water flow characteristics typically associated with marshes or
swamps.
5 Static water Water flow characteristics typically associated with ponds or lakes.
6 Slow moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with laminar
flow in rivers or streams.
7 Fast moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with turbulent
flow in rivers or streams.
Flood Potential (return period) Liquid Choice Range
The potential for flooding of the right-of-way defined in terms of a flood return period.
0 < 5 years
1 5 to < 20 years
2 20 to 50 years
3 > 50 years
Flow Rate Both kg/s Range
The product mass flow rate through the pipeline under normal operating conditions. Negative value implies a flow direction
opposite to the direction associated with ascending station numbers. (Note: for natural gas systems multiply MMscf/day by 0.53
to get flow rate in lb/s, or multiply MMscm/day by 8.51 to get flow rate in kg/s.)
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Both events/kmyr Range
The frequency of occurrence of a geotechnical event generating significant outside force on the pipe body (e.g., ground
movement, river scour).
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change Both events/kmyr Range
The annual rate of change in the frequency of occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event (Note that an
occurrence rate change of zero implies that the occurrence rate remains constant over time).
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.13
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
The type of pipe joint (i.e., weld vs. mechanical connection) and a relative indication of joint quality (with respect to tensile
strength and ductility) for welded joints.
0 High quality weld Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body together with significant
post-yield ductility.
1 Average quality weld Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body but no significant post-yield
ductility.
2 Poor quality weld Welds that may not produce joints having a strength consistent with
that of the pipe body (e.g., acetylene welds).
3 Mechanical joint Joints made with mechanical couplings.
Groundwater Depth Both Choice Range
The depth of the water table below ground surface.
0 Shallow (< 5 m)
1 Intermediate (5 to 10 m)
2 Deep (> 10 m)
Inhibitor Effectiveness Both % Range
The reduction in the rate of internal corrosion attributable to the use of inhibitors in the product mixture.
Installation Temperature Both C Range
The temperature of the pipe during construction at the time of joint welding.
Internal Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of internal corrosion defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Internal Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of internal corrosion defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
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AA.14 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Internal Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to internal corrosion defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer Both $/event Range
The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the summer season.
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter Both $/event Range
The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the winter season.
Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer Both $/hr Range
The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the summer season.
Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter Both $/hr Range
The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the winter season.
Interruption Threshold - Summer Both hr Range
The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the summer.
Interruption Threshold - Winter Both hr Range
The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the winter season.
Land Use Both Choice Range
The type of land usage immediately adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way.
0 Industrial - high density Industrial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 25 people
per hectare - typically Class 2.
1 Industrial - low density Industrial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 2.5 people
per hectare - typically Class 1.
2 Commercial - high density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 100 people
per hectare - typically Class 3.
3 Commercial - medium density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 25 people
per hectare - typically Class 2.
4 Commercial - low density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 5.0 people
per hectare - typically Class 1.
5 Residential - high density Multi-story urban residential areas with population densities of about
100 people per hectare (4000 dwelling units per square kilometer) -
typically Class 4.
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6 Residential - medium density Suburban residential areas with population densities of about 25
people per hectare (1000 dwelling units per square kilometer) -
typically Class 3.
7 Residential - low density Rural or suburban fringe residential areas with population densities
of about 1.0 people per hectare (25 dwelling units per square
kilometer) - typically Class 2.
8 Residential - very low density Rural areas with population densities of about 0.1 people per hectare
(4 dwelling units per square kilometer) - typically Class 1.
9 Agricultural Farm land with a population density of about 0.01 people per hectare
(0.4 dwelling unit per square kilometer).
10 Parkland Generally unoccupied but readily accessible land of commercial or
recreational value.
11 Remote Generally unoccupied land of limited accessibility due to terrain,
climate or distance from population centres.
Liquid Flow Characterization Both Choice Range
A characterization of the liquid phase flow (areas of liquid separation or stagnation) in the product mixture.
0 No separation/stagnation
1 Water separation/stagnation
Liquid Fraction Water-Cut Both ratio Range
The ratio of water volume to total liquid volume for the product mixture.
Longitudinal Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of longitudinal ground movement sites per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
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AA.16 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of manufacturing cracks per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Growth Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of manufacturing crack defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to manufacturing crack size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.17
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
The maximum pressure to which the pipeline is qualified to operate.
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not buried physical protection (such as concrete slabs or steel plates) exists to effectively
prevent direct contact between the pipe body and any excavation equipment.
0 None
1 Plain concrete slab
2 Painted concrete slab or steel plate
Minimum Offset to Development Both m Range
The distance to the nearest existing or proposed dwelling unit measured perpendicular to the pipeline.
Near Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
A characterization of the right-of-way terrain conditions in terms of water permeability for dry ground conditions or surface
water conditions for submerged ground conditions.
0 Ground - low permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
clayey soils or shale.
1 Ground - moderate permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
silts or glacial till.
2 Ground - high permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of clean
sands and gravels.
3 Waterlogged groundmass Water flow characteristics typically associated with bogs or muskeg.
4 Water covered vegetation Water flow characteristics typically associated with marshes or
swamps.
5 Static water Water flow characteristics typically associated with ponds or lakes.
6 Slow moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with laminar
flow in rivers or streams.
7 Fast moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with turbulent
flow in rivers or streams.
Notch Toughness (specified) Both J Range
Specified Charpy V-notch impact energy of the line pipe (upper plateau energy for a full-sized Charpy specimen).
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
The type of one-call system in place.
0 None
1 Multiple systems
2 Unified system
3 Unified system to minimum standards
Operating Pressure Gradient Liquid kPa/km Range
The pressure gradient driving the product mixture through the pipeline.
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AA.18 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Other Water within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
The distance to surface or groundwater used for purposes other than drinking water and the type of other use.
0 None
1 Recreation (0 to < 100m)
2 Recreation (100m to < 300m)
3 Recreation (300m to < 1km)
4 Irrigation/livestock (0 to < 100m)
5 Other food chain (0 to < 100m)
6 Irrigation/livestock (100m to < 300m)
7 Recreation (1km to < 5km)
8 Irrigation/livestock (300m to < 1km)
9 Other food chain (100m to < 300m)
10 Irrigation/livestock (1km to < 5km)
11 Other food chain (300m to < 1km)
12 Other food chain (1km to < 5km)
Partial Pressure - CO2 Both kPa Range
The concentration of dissolved CO2 in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on mole
fraction.
Partial Pressure - H2S Both kPa Range
The average concentration of dissolved H2S in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on
mole fraction.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 1 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 1.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 2 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 2.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 3 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 3.
pH Gas pH Range
The acidity of the product water-cut.
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
The effective number of pressure cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. (Note that complex pressure vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and an associated annual
number of Pressure Cycles.)
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.19
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
The anticipated maximum operating pressure in the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected reference
points along the length of the line. (Note that the location of intermediate points should be chosen to adequately characterize
the pressure profile given that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line pressure at all locations between
specified reference points. Note also that the specified pressure should reflect an upper bound pressure profile associated
with likely worst case operating conditions including, for example, periodic line pack or shut in.)
Pressure Range Both kPa Range
The effective pressure range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line pressure during routine operation. (Note that
complex pressure vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and
an associated annual number of Pressure Cycles.)
Product Corrosivity Both Choice Range
A characterization of the corrosivity of the product mixture.
0 Very low
1 Low
2 Moderate
3 High
4 Extreme
Product Temperature Both C Range
The average temperature of the product being transported through the line. (Note that pipe body temperature is assumed to
be equal to the product temperature.)
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
An assessment of the relative level of public awareness regarding the presence of, and hazards posed by, buried pipelines.
0 Below average Example: awareness conveyed through mass media (e.g.,
television, newspaper, billboards) and/or community meetings.
1 Average Example: awareness conveyed through direct mail-outs and meetings
with excavation contractors.
2 Above average Example: awareness conveyed through direct mail-outs plus
meetings with excavation contractors and land owners.
Right-of-way Accessibility Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the accessibility of the pipeline to repair equipment in terms of distance from maintenance
personnel and equipment and potential difficulty of access to right-of-way.
0 Near (or easy access)
1 Far (or difficult access)
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.20 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
An assessment of the degree to which the overall condition of the right-of-way provides an indication of the existence of a
buried pipeline in the immediate area.
0 None Right-of-way presence not in any significant way conveyed by
landscape.
1 Intermittent and/or very limited indication Right-of-way only partially cleared and/or very poorly maintained.
2 Continuous but limited indication Right-of-way cleared but poorly maintained.
3 Continuous and highly indicative Right-of-way cleared and well maintained, or right-of-way
distinctively landscaped and well maintained.
SCC Potential of Environment Both Choice Range
A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of stress corrosion cracking in susceptible pipe.
0 No potential
1 Very low potential
2 Low potential
3 Moderate potential
4 High potential
5 Very high potential
SCC Susceptibility of Pipe Both Choice Range
A characterization of the susceptibility of the pipe body (i.e., metallurgy and surface condition) to the formation of stress
corrosion cracking.
0 Not susceptible
1 Unlikely to be susceptible
2 Likely to be susceptible
3 Proven to be susceptible
Seam Weld Type Both Choice Range
A characterization of seam weld quality with respect to fatigue resistance.
0 None (seamless)
1 High quality weld (with NDT) Welds subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection.
2 Good quality weld (without NDT) Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, but made
using a process generally recognized to produce sound, fatigue
resistant welds.
3 Suspect weld Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, made
using a process that has a history of producing fatigue susceptible
welds (e.g., low-frequency electric resistance welds, and some flash
welds).
4 Poor quality weld Welds made using a process for which design codes specify a joint
factor of less than 1.0 (e.g., furnace butt welds, continuous welds,
furnace lap welds, and some electric fusion welds).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.21
Seismic Hazard Failure Rate due to Fault Movement Both events/kmyr Range
The expected rate of line failure due to fault rupture in the immediate vicinity of the fault.
Sensitive Environment within 10 km Liquid Choice Range
The distance to sensitive environments defined to include sensitive aquatic environments, nature preserves, habitats for
endangered species, sensitive forest reserves, national parks or forests, etc.
0 None
1 < 500m
2 500 m to < 2 km
3 2 km to < 5 km
4 5 km to < 10 km
Sensitive Groundwater within 10 km Liquid Choice Range
The distance to important or susceptible groundwater resources.
0 None
1 < 500m
2 500 m to < 2 km
3 2 km to < 5 km
4 5 km to < 10 km
Soil Corrosivity Both Choice Range
A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of metal loss corrosion in unprotected areas of pipe.
0 Very low Soils that are excessively drained with a coarse texture (typical
resistivity greater than 10,000 ohm cm).
1 Low Soils that are well drained with a moderately coarse texture, or
poorly drained with a coarse texture (typical resistivity in the range
of 5,000 to 10,000 ohm cm).
2 Moderate Soils that are well drained with a moderately fine texture, or poorly
drained with a moderately coarse texture, or very poorly drained with
a high steady water table (typical resistivity in the range of 2,000
to 5,000 ohm cm).
3 High Soils that are well drained with a fine texture, or poorly drained with
a moderately fine texture, or very poorly drained with a fluctuating
water table (typical resistivity in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 ohm
cm).
4 Very high Soils that are poorly drained with a fine texture, mucks, peats with a
fluctuating water table (typical resistivity less than 1,000 ohm cm).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.22 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Both Choice Range
A characterization of the relative likelihood that the soil will liquefy during an earthquake.
0 None
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very High
Soil Type Both Choice Range
A characterization of the strength and stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipeline.
0 Loose sand or gravel Less than 10 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.
1 Medium sand or gravel Between 10 and 30 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.
2 Dense sand or gravel Greater than 30 blows per 30 cm in Standard Penetration Test.
3 Soft clay Undrained shear strength less than 25 kPa.
4 Medium clay Undrained shear strength between 25 and 50 kPa.
5 Stiff clay Undrained shear strength between 50 and 100 kPa.
6 Very stiff clay Undrained shear strength between 100 and 200 kPa.
7 Hard clay Undrained shear strength greater than 200 kPa.
Stress Corrosion Crack Density Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the number of SCC defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of SCC defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.23
Stress Corrosion Crack Severity Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the severity of damage with respect to SCC defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Structure Offset Both m Opt. Coordinat
The perpendicular offset distance from the reference point on the pipeline to the centre of the designated structure.
Structure Type Both Choice Opt. Coordinat
The type of structure associated with each designated structure reference point.
0 Single Family Dwelling
Surface Containment Liquid Choice Range
An indication of the degree to which natural terrain conditions will likely serve to contain surface liquid spills within the
confines of the pipeline right-of-way.
0 None
1 Partial
2 Full
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
A characterization of the slope of the terrain surrounding the pipeline right-of-way.
0 Flat (slope < 5%)
1 Rolling (slope 5% to 50%)
2 Steep (slope > 50%)
Surface Water within 300 m Liquid Choice Range
The distance to the nearest perennial surface water feature.
0 None
1 < 100 m
2 100 m to 300 m
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.24 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
The time interval between right-of-way patrols.
0 Twice daily
1 Daily
2 Three times a week
3 Two times a week
4 Weekly
5 Bi-weekly
6 Monthly
7 Quarterly
8 Semi-annually
9 Annually or longer
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
The method employed to patrol the right-of-way.
0 Aerial
1 Ground
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both MPa Range
Specified minimum tensile strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 75 ksi or 517 MPa).
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer Both % Range
The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter Both % Range
The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.
Throughput Unit Cost - Summer Both $/mcm or $/m Range
The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the summer season.
Throughput Unit Cost - Winter Both $/mcm or $/m Range
The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the winter season.
Throughput Volume - Summer Both % Range
The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.
Throughput Volume - Winter Both % Range
The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.25
Time to Leak Detection Both hr Range
The time required to detect a small leak given that small leaks may only be detected by periodic line patrols or notification by
third parties.
Time to Leak Stoppage Both hr Range
The time required by the operator to locate and repair a leak, measured from the time when the leak is first detected.
Transverse Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of transverse ground movement sites per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Transverse Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Transverse Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
The nominal wall thickness of the line pipe.
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
Specified minimum yield strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 60 ksi or 414 MPa).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.26 Onshore Model Line Attributes
AA.1.2 Attributes By Module
Module Name
Attribute Name Product Type Units Range/Coord
Consequence
Annual Rainfall Liquid Choice Range
Aquifer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
Azimuth Both degrees Range
Block Valve Type Both Choice Coordinate
Confining Layer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
Confining Layer Thickness Liquid Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
Depth of Burial Both m Range
Detectable Release Volume Both m Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Direct Exposure due to Land Use within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
Drinking Water within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
Elevation Profile Liquid m Coordinate
Far Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
Flood Potential (return period) Liquid Choice Range
Flow Rate Both kg/s Range
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer Both $/event Range
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter Both $/event Range
Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer Both $/hr Range
Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter Both $/hr Range
Interruption Threshold - Summer Both hr Range
Interruption Threshold - Winter Both hr Range
Land Use Both Choice Range
Minimum Offset to Development Both m Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.27
Near Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
Other Water within 5 km Liquid Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Product Temperature Both C Range
Right-of-way Accessibility Both Choice Range
Sensitive Environment within 10 km Liquid Choice Range
Sensitive Groundwater within 10 km Liquid Choice Range
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Structure Offset Both m Opt. Coordinate
Structure Type Both Choice Opt. Coordinate
Surface Containment Liquid Choice Range
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
Surface Water within 300 m Liquid Choice Range
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer Both % Range
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter Both % Range
Throughput Unit Cost - Summer Both $/mcm or $/m Range
Throughput Unit Cost - Winter Both $/mcm or $/m Range
Throughput Volume - Summer Both % Range
Throughput Volume - Winter Both % Range
Time to Leak Detection Both hr Range
Time to Leak Stoppage Both hr Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
HB Equipment Impact
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.28 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Depth of Burial Both m Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
HB External Corrosion
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Casing Short Both Choice Range
Cathodic Protection Level Both Choice Range
Coating Condition Both Choice Range
Coating Type Both Choice Range
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Electrical Interference Both Choice Range
Product Temperature Both C Range
Soil Corrosivity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.29
HB Geotechnical Hazard
Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event Both probability Range
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Both events/kmyr Range
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change Both events/kmyr Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
HB Internal Corrosion
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Product Corrosivity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
HB Internal Corrosion Refined
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Condensation Rate Gas g/(ms) Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Inhibitor Effectiveness Both % Range
Liquid Flow Characterization Both Choice Range
Liquid Fraction Water-Cut Both ratio Range
Operating Pressure Gradient Liquid kPa/km Range
Partial Pressure - CO2 Both kPa Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.30 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Partial Pressure - H2S Both kPa Range
pH Gas pH Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Product Temperature Both C Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
HB Manufacturing Cracks
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both % Opt. Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Range Both kPa Range
Seam Weld Type Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
HB Other Causes
Diameter Both mm Range
HB Seismic Hazard
Earthquake Moment Magnitude Both M Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Groundwater Depth Both Choice Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 1 Both fraction of g Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 2 Both fraction of g Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 3 Both fraction of g Range
Seismic Hazard Failure Rate due to Fault Movement Both events/kmyr Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.31
Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Both Choice Range
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
HB Stress Corrosion Cracking
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both % Opt. Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
SCC Potential of Environment Both Choice Range
SCC Susceptibility of Pipe Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Dent Gouges
Dent Gouge Defect Density Both Choice Range
Dent Gouge Defect Severity Both Choice Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both J Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Pressure Range Both kPa Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.32 Onshore Model Line Attributes
RB Equipment Impact
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
Depth of Burial Both m Range
Diameter Both mm Range
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both J Range
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB External Corrosion
Diameter Both mm Range
External Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
External Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
External Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both MPa Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.33
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Internal Corrosion
Diameter Both mm Range
Internal Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
Internal Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
Internal Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both MPa Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Longitudinal Ground Movement
Diameter Both mm Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Installation Temperature Both C Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Product Temperature Both C Range
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Manufacturing Cracks
Diameter Both mm Range
Manufacturing Crack Density Both Choice Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.34 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Manufacturing Crack Growth Both Choice Range
Manufacturing Crack Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both J Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Pressure Range Both kPa Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Stress Corrosion Cracking
Diameter Both mm Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both kPa Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both J Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Stress Corrosion Crack Density Both Choice Range
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Both Choice Range
Stress Corrosion Crack Severity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
RB Transverse Ground Movement
Diameter Both mm Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both kPa Coordinate
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both mm Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.35
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both MPa Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.36 Onshore Model Line Attributes
AA.2 Imperial Units
AA.2.1 Attributes Alphabetically
Attribute Name Product Type Units Range/Coord
Index Choice Caption
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
A category describing the relative frequency of occurrence of excavation activity on the right-of-way and an indication of
the likely nature of the activity (with shallow excavations being associated with undeveloped areas and deep excavations
being associated with developed or developing areas).
0 Zone 1 (negligible - undeveloped) Negligible right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas (e.g., remote
uninhabited areas), typically Class 1 areas.
1 Zone 2 (low - undeveloped) Low level right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas typically
involving shallow excavations (e.g., parkland or grazing land),
typically Class 1 areas.
2 Zone 3 (high - undeveloped) High level right-of-way activity in undeveloped areas generally
involving shallow excavations (e.g., cultivated agricultural land or
other surface resource exploitation areas), typically Class 1.
3 Zone 4 (low - developed) Low level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically involving
deeper excavations (e.g., established low density residential or
commercial areas), typically Class 1 or 2 areas.
4 Zone 5 (medium - developed) Medium level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically
involving deep excavations (e.g., low density residential or
commercial areas in transition, or medium density residential or
commercial areas, or typical industrial areas), typically Class 2 or 3
areas.
5 Zone 6 (high - developed) High level right-of-way activity in developed areas typically involving
deep excavations (e.g., high density multi-story residential or
commercial areas with numerous underground utilities, or areas
involving intensive industrial activity), typically Class 3 or 4 areas.
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not permanent above ground markers (such as fencing or concrete curbs) exist to provide an
obvious indication of the location of the pipeline alignment.
0 No No physical structures at ground surface providing an indication of
alignment location.
1 Yes Physical structures such as fences, concrete barriers or other
continuous surface markers indicating alignment location.
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not buried markers (such as coloured tape) exist to provide an indication of the location of the
pipeline alignment after the start of excavation activity.
0 No No buried markers providing an indication of alignment location.
1 Yes Continuous buried markers such as plastic tape or mesh providing an
indication of alignment location.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.37
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
An indication of the placement of explicit signage that describes and locates the pipeline and provides a telephone number for
dig notification.
0 None No permanent signage.
1 At selected strategic locations Permanent signage at roadway, railway, water body, and major utility
crossings and other locations associated with the potential for
significant right-of-way activity.
2 Closely spaced and highly visible Permanent signage placed to ensure that it is visible from any point
along the right-of-way.
Annual Cost Both $/mi Opt. Range
The average annual cost per unit line length of integrity maintenance activities that are carried out on a periodic basis.
Annual Rainfall Liquid Choice Range
The average annual rainfall.
0 < 16 in
1 16 in to < 32 in
2 32 in to 48 in
3 > 48 in
Aquifer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer of concern underlying the pipeline.
0 high (> 30 ft/day)
1 medium (0.3 ft/day to 30 ft/day)
2 low (< 0.3 ft/day)
Azimuth Both degrees Range
The direction angle of a horizontal projection of the pipeline axis measured clockwise from North.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
external corrosion.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
seam weld fatigue.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
internal corrosion.
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which a hydrostatic pressure test event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due to
stress corrosion cracking.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.38 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to external corrosion.
Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to seam weld fatigue.
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to internal corrosion.
Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
The length of time over which an inspection and maintenance event is assumed to provide a reduction in the failure rate due
to stress corrosion cracking.
Block Valve Type Both Choice Coordinate
The type of valve (as it relates to closure time in the event of line failure) at a given location.
0 Manual control Closure times consistent with manually operated valves.
1 Remote control Closure times consistent with automatically operated valves.
Casing Short Both Choice Range
An indication of whether electrical shorting at cased locations is contributing to a lack of effective cathodic protection at
exposed locations on the pipe wall.
0 No
1 Yes
Cathodic Protection Level Both Choice Range
A characterization of the adequacy and uniformity of the voltage potential generated by the cathodic protection system.
0 Consistently within range Voltage consistently within target range.
1 Isolated excursions Generally adequate voltage with isolated areas outside of target
voltage range.
2 Extensive excursions Generally inadequate voltage or extensive areas outside of target
voltage range.
3 None No cathodic protection.
Coating Condition Both Choice Range
A characterization of the integrity of the external coating system.
0 Completely sound No indication of significant damage to coating system.
1 Isolated damage Indication of coating system damage affecting less than 1% of
surface area.
2 Extensive damage Indication of coating system damage affecting significantly more
than 1% of surface area.
3 Not applicable (no coating) No coating.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.39
Coating Type Both Choice Range
The type of external coating applied to the pipeline.
0 Fusion bonded epoxy
1 Extruded polyethylene
2 Coal tar
3 Wax and vinyl tape
4 Asphalt
5 Polyethylene tape
6 Bare
Condensation Rate Gas 1E-6lb/(fts) Range
The rate of condensation of the transported water vapour.
Confining Layer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
The hydraulic conductivity of the confining material isolating the pipeline from the underlying aquifer of concern.
0 high (> 0.3 ft/day)
1 medium (0.003 ft/day to 0.3 ft/day)
2 low (< 0.003 ft/day)
Confining Layer Thickness Liquid Choice Range
The thickness of the layer of confining material isolating the pipeline from an underlying aquifer of concern.
0 < 10 ft
1 10 ft to 30 ft
2 > 30 ft
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
A characterization of the type of crossing or special terrain feature encountered by the pipeline.
0 Typical cross-country conditions Typical buried pipe conditions.
1 Bog or Muskeg A crossing of waterlogged ground.
2 Marsh or Swamp A crossing of water covered ground that is associated with surface
breaking vegetation.
3 Roadway - major - uncased A crossing of a roadway or railway by pipe that is not isolated from
the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
4 Roadway - major - cased A crossing of a paved road of high weight and traffic capacity (e.g.,
arterial highways and major collectors) by pipe that is isolated from
the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
5 Roadway - minor - uncased A crossing of a paved or unpaved road of low weight and traffic
capacity (e.g., local roads and minor collectors) by pipe that is not
isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
6 Roadway - minor - cased A crossing of a paved or unpaved road of low weight and traffic
capacity (e.g., local roads and minor collectors) by pipe that is
isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.40 Onshore Model Line Attributes
7 Railway - major - uncased A crossing of a rail line of high traffic capacity (e.g., mainlines) by
pipe that is not isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
8 Railway - major - cased A crossing of a rail line of high traffic capacity (e.g., mainlines) by
pipe that is isolated from the surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
9 Railway - minor - uncased A crossing of a rail line of low traffic capacity (e.g., local lines,
switching and terminal lines) by pipe that is not isolated from the
surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
10 Railway - minor - cased A crossing of a rail line of low traffic capacity (e.g., local lines,
switching and terminal lines) by pipe that is isolated from the
surrounding soil by a casing pipe.
11 Utility - major A crossing of a buried utility line that is assumed to require
frequent inspection and maintenance.
12 Utility - minor A crossing of a buried utility line that is assumed to require
infrequent inspection and maintenance.
13 Waterway - navigable - major - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
14 Waterway - navigable - major - jacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
15 Waterway - navigable - minor - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
16 Waterway - navigable - minor - jacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
17 Waterway - unnavigable - major - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
18 Waterway - unnavigable - major - jacketed A crossing of a relatively wide body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
19 Waterway - unnavigable - minor - unjacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that does not have a protective jacket or weight
coating.
20 Waterway - unnavigable - minor - jacketed A crossing of a relatively narrow body of water carrying no significant
vessel traffic by pipe that has a protective jacket or weight coating.
21 Aerial Crossing - dedicated structure An isolated above ground extent of piping supported by a
purpose-built structure, typically associated with a roadway, railway
or water body crossing.
22 Aerial Crossing - shared structure An isolated above ground extent of piping supported by a multi-use
structure (e.g., road or rail bridge), typically associated with a
roadway, railway or water body crossing.
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the external coating system was replaced or otherwise rehabilitated.
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
The date when the pipeline was installed.
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.41
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent hydrostatic pressure test was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on external corrosion was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on seam weld fatigue was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on internal corrosion was performed.
Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
The date when the most recent inspection and maintenance event having an effect on SCC was performed.
Dent Gouge Defect Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of dent gouge defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Dent Gouge Defect Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to dent depth and gouge size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Depth of Burial Both ft Range
The depth of top of the pipeline below ground surface.
Detectable Release Volume Both ft or bbl Range
The maximum volume of product that can be lost from the pipeline before leak detection equipment triggers a leak detection
alarm. (It is assumed that steps will be taken to close all block valves immediately following the detection of a leak or a
rupture.)
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AA.42 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Diameter Both in Range
The nominal outside diameter of the line pipe.
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
The legislative requirements pertaining to the need for parties planning excavation activities to use a one-call system.
0 Required and enforced
1 Required but not enforced
2 Not required (voluntary)
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
The action taken by the operator in response to a dig notification.
0 Provide location information only
1 Locate and mark with no site supervision
2 Locate and mark with site supervision
3 Excavation by operator
Direct Exposure due to Land Use within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
The type of, and distance to, adjacent land usage with the highest potential for human exposure to contaminated soil. (If
multiple categories apply choose the option closest to the top of the list.)
0 None
1 Residential (0 to < 300 yds)
2 Agricultural (0 to < 300 yds)
3 Residential (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
4 Agricultural (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
5 Parkland (0 to < 300 yds)
6 Residential (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
7 Parkland (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
8 Commercial/industrial (0 to < 300 yds)
9 Agricultural (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
10 Parkland (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
11 Commercial/industrial (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
12 Commercial/industrial (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.43
Drinking Water within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
The distance to surface or groundwater used for drinking and the availability of an alternate supply.
0 None
1 < 100 yds (alt. not avail)
2 < 100 yds (alt. difficult to obtain)
3 < 100 yds (alt. readily avail)
4 100 yds to < 300 yds (alt. not avail)
5 100 yds to < 300 yds (alt. difficult to obtain)
6 100 yds to < 300 yds (alt. readily avail)
7 300 yds to < 1000 yds (alt. not avail)
8 300 yds to < 1000 yds (alt. difficult to obtain)
9 300 yds to < 1000 yds (alt. readily avail)
10 1000 yds to < 3 mi (alt. not avail)
11 1000 yds to < 3 mi (alt. difficult to obtain)
12 1000 yds to < 3 mi (alt. readily avail)
Earthquake Moment Magnitude Both M Range
A measure of the total energy released during an earthquake.
Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to external corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to seam weld fatigue resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to internal corrosion resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both % Opt. Range
The reduction in the failure rate due to SCC resulting from the most recent inspection and maintenance event.
Electrical Interference Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not stray electrical currents are undermining the effectiveness of cathodic protection at exposed
locations on the pipe wall.
0 No
1 Yes
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AA.44 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Elevation Profile Liquid ft Coordinate
The relative elevation of the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected points along the length of the
line. Negative elevations are interpreted as depths below sea level. (The location of intermediate points should be chosen to
adequately characterize the elevation profile recognizing that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line elevation
at all locations between specified reference points.)
External Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of external corrosion defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
External Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of external corrosion defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
External Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to external corrosion defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event Both probability Range
The probability of pipeline failure given the occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.45
Far Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
A characterization of the terrain conditions adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way in terms of water permeability for dry ground
conditions or surface water conditions for submerged ground conditions. (Note that the terrain conditions directly on the
right-of-way are defined by the Near Field Terrain attribute.)
0 Ground - low permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
clayey soils or shale.
1 Ground - moderate permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
silts or glacial till.
2 Ground - high permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of clean
sands and gravels.
3 Waterlogged groundmass Water flow characteristics typically associated with bogs or muskeg.
4 Water covered vegetation Water flow characteristics typically associated with marshes or
swamps.
5 Static water Water flow characteristics typically associated with ponds or lakes.
6 Slow moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with laminar
flow in rivers or streams.
7 Fast moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with turbulent
flow in rivers or streams.
Flood Potential (return period) Liquid Choice Range
The potential for flooding of the right-of-way defined in terms of a flood return period.
0 < 5 years
1 5 to < 20 years
2 20 to 50 years
3 > 50 years
Flow Rate Both lb/s Range
The product mass flow rate through the pipeline under normal operating conditions. Negative value implies a flow direction
opposite to the direction associated with ascending station numbers. (Note: for natural gas systems multiply MMscf/day by 0.53
to get flow rate in lb/s, or multiply MMscm/day by 8.51 to get flow rate in kg/s.)
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Both events/miyr Range
The frequency of occurrence of a geotechnical event generating significant outside force on the pipe body (e.g., ground
movement, river scour).
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change Both events/miyr Range
The annual rate of change in the frequency of occurrence of the prescribed geotechnical loading event (Note that an
occurrence rate change of zero implies that the occurrence rate remains constant over time).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.46 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
The type of pipe joint (i.e., weld vs. mechanical connection) and a relative indication of joint quality (with respect to tensile
strength and ductility) for welded joints.
0 High quality weld Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body together with significant
post-yield ductility.
1 Average quality weld Welds designed and inspected to produce a joint having a strength
consistent with that of the pipe body but no significant post-yield
ductility.
2 Poor quality weld Welds that may not produce joints having a strength consistent with
that of the pipe body (e.g., acetylene welds).
3 Mechanical joint Joints made with mechanical couplings.
Groundwater Depth Both Choice Range
The depth of the water table below ground surface.
0 Shallow (< 16 ft)
1 Intermediate (16 to 33 ft)
2 Deep (> 33 ft)
Inhibitor Effectiveness Both % Range
The reduction in the rate of internal corrosion attributable to the use of inhibitors in the product mixture.
Installation Temperature Both F Range
The temperature of the pipe during construction at the time of joint welding.
Internal Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of internal corrosion defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Internal Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of growth in the size of internal corrosion defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.47
Internal Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to internal corrosion defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer Both $/event Range
The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the summer season.
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter Both $/event Range
The fixed cost associated with service interruption caused by line failure during the winter season.
Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer Both $/hr Range
The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the summer season.
Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter Both $/hr Range
The cost per hour associated with service interruption caused by line failure, when the interruption time exceeds the
threshold outage duration (see Interruption Threshold) during the winter season.
Interruption Threshold - Summer Both hr Range
The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the summer.
Interruption Threshold - Winter Both hr Range
The duration of a service interruption event beyond which variable interruption costs are incurred during the winter season.
Land Use Both Choice Range
The type of land usage immediately adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way.
0 Industrial - high density Industrial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 10 people
per acre - typically Class 2.
1 Industrial - low density Industrial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 1.0 people
per acre - typically Class 1.
2 Commercial - high density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 40 people
per acre - typically Class 3.
3 Commercial - medium density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 10 people
per acre - typically Class 2.
4 Commercial - low density Commercial areas with effective occupancy levels of about 2.0 people
per acre - typically Class 1.
5 Residential - high density Multi-story urban residential areas with population densities of about
40 people per acre (10,000 dwelling units per square mile) - typically
Class 4.
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AA.48 Onshore Model Line Attributes
6 Residential - medium density Suburban residential areas with population densities of about 10
people per acre (2500 dwelling units per square mile) - typically
Class 3.
7 Residential - low density Rural or suburban fringe residential areas with population densities
of about 0.4 people per acre (100 dwelling units per square mile) -
typically Class 2.
8 Residential - very low density Rural areas with population densities of about 0.04 people per acre
(10 dwelling units per square mile) - typically Class 1.
9 Agricultural Farm land with a population density of about 0.004 people per acre
(1 dwelling unit per square mile).
10 Parkland Generally unoccupied but readily accessible land of commercial or
recreational value.
11 Remote Generally unoccupied land of limited accessibility due to terrain,
climate or distance from population centres.
Liquid Flow Characterization Both Choice Range
A characterization of the liquid phase flow (areas of liquid separation or stagnation) in the product mixture.
0 No separation/stagnation
1 Water separation/stagnation
Liquid Fraction Water-Cut Both ratio Range
The ratio of water volume to total liquid volume for the product mixture.
Longitudinal Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of longitudinal ground movement sites per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.49
Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active longitudinal ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of manufacturing cracks per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Growth Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of manufacturing crack defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Manufacturing Crack Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the severity of damage with respect to manufacturing crack size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.50 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
The maximum pressure to which the pipeline is qualified to operate.
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
An indication of whether or not buried physical protection (such as concrete slabs or steel plates) exists to effectively
prevent direct contact between the pipe body and any excavation equipment.
0 None
1 Plain concrete slab
2 Painted concrete slab or steel plate
Minimum Offset to Development Both ft Range
The distance to the nearest existing or proposed dwelling unit measured perpendicular to the pipeline.
Near Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
A characterization of the right-of-way terrain conditions in terms of water permeability for dry ground conditions or surface
water conditions for submerged ground conditions.
0 Ground - low permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
clayey soils or shale.
1 Ground - moderate permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of typical
silts or glacial till.
2 Ground - high permeability A ground surface permeability level corresponding to that of clean
sands and gravels.
3 Waterlogged groundmass Water flow characteristics typically associated with bogs or muskeg.
4 Water covered vegetation Water flow characteristics typically associated with marshes or
swamps.
5 Static water Water flow characteristics typically associated with ponds or lakes.
6 Slow moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with laminar
flow in rivers or streams.
7 Fast moving water Water movement characteristics typically associated with turbulent
flow in rivers or streams.
Notch Toughness (specified) Both ftlb Range
Specified Charpy V-notch impact energy of the line pipe (upper plateau energy for a full-sized Charpy specimen).
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
The type of one-call system in place.
0 None
1 Multiple systems
2 Unified system
3 Unified system to minimum standards
Operating Pressure Gradient Liquid psi/mi Range
The pressure gradient driving the product mixture through the pipeline.
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.51
Other Water within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
The distance to surface or groundwater used for purposes other than drinking water and the type of other use.
0 None
1 Recreation (0 to < 100 yds)
2 Recreation (100 yds to < 300 yds)
3 Recreation (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
4 Irrigation/livestock (0 to < 100 yds)
5 Other food chain (0 to < 100 yds)
6 Irrigation/livestock (100 yds to < 300 yds)
7 Recreation (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
8 Irrigation/livestock (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
9 Other food chain (100 yds to < 300 yds)
10 Irrigation/livestock (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
11 Other food chain (300 yds to < 1000 yds)
12 Other food chain (1000 yds to < 3 mi)
Partial Pressure - CO2 Both psi Range
The concentration of dissolved CO2 in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on mole
fraction.
Partial Pressure - H2S Both psi Range
The average concentration of dissolved H2S in the product mixture, expressed as a partial pressure calculated based on
mole fraction.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 1 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 1.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 2 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 2.
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 3 Both fraction of g Range
The maximum acceleration at ground surface during prescribed earthquake event 3.
pH Gas pH Range
The acidity of the product water-cut.
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
The effective number of pressure cycles experienced by the pipeline on an annual basis. (Note that complex pressure vs.
time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and an associated annual
number of Pressure Cycles.)
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AA.52 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
The anticipated maximum operating pressure in the pipeline defined at the start and end of the line and at selected reference
points along the length of the line. (Note that the location of intermediate points should be chosen to adequately characterize
the pressure profile given that the program uses linear interpolation to infer the line pressure at all locations between
specified reference points. Note also that the specified pressure should reflect an upper bound pressure profile associated
with likely worst case operating conditions including, for example, periodic line pack or shut in.)
Pressure Range Both psi Range
The effective pressure range associated with cyclic fluctuations in line pressure during routine operation. (Note that
complex pressure vs. time loading histories should be characterized by a representative single value Pressure Range and
an associated annual number of Pressure Cycles.)
Product Corrosivity Both Choice Range
A characterization of the corrosivity of the product mixture.
0 Very low
1 Low
2 Moderate
3 High
4 Extreme
Product Temperature Both F Range
The average temperature of the product being transported through the line. (Note that pipe body temperature is assumed to
be equal to the product temperature.)
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
An assessment of the relative level of public awareness regarding the presence of, and hazards posed by, buried pipelines.
0 Below average Example: awareness conveyed through mass media (e.g.,
television, newspaper, billboards) and/or community meetings.
1 Average Example: awareness conveyed through direct mail-outs and meetings
with excavation contractors.
2 Above average Example: awareness conveyed through direct mail-outs plus
meetings with excavation contractors and land owners.
Right-of-way Accessibility Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the accessibility of the pipeline to repair equipment in terms of distance from maintenance
personnel and equipment and potential difficulty of access to right-of-way.
0 Near (or easy access)
1 Far (or difficult access)
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.53
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
An assessment of the degree to which the overall condition of the right-of-way provides an indication of the existence of a
buried pipeline in the immediate area.
0 None Right-of-way presence not in any significant way conveyed by
landscape.
1 Intermittent and/or very limited indication Right-of-way only partially cleared and/or very poorly maintained.
2 Continuous but limited indication Right-of-way cleared but poorly maintained.
3 Continuous and highly indicative Right-of-way cleared and well maintained, or right-of-way
distinctively landscaped and well maintained.
SCC Potential of Environment Both Choice Range
A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of stress corrosion cracking in susceptible pipe.
0 No potential
1 Very low potential
2 Low potential
3 Moderate potential
4 High potential
5 Very high potential
SCC Susceptibility of Pipe Both Choice Range
A characterization of the susceptibility of the pipe body (i.e., metallurgy and surface condition) to the formation of stress
corrosion cracking.
0 Not susceptible
1 Unlikely to be susceptible
2 Likely to be susceptible
3 Proven to be susceptible
Seam Weld Type Both Choice Range
A characterization of seam weld quality with respect to fatigue resistance.
0 None (seamless)
1 High quality weld (with NDT) Welds subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection.
2 Good quality weld (without NDT) Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, but made
using a process generally recognized to produce sound, fatigue
resistant welds.
3 Suspect weld Welds not subjected to full nondestructive mill inspection, made
using a process that has a history of producing fatigue susceptible
welds (e.g., low-frequency electric resistance welds, and some flash
welds).
4 Poor quality weld Welds made using a process for which design codes specify a joint
factor of less than 1.0 (e.g., furnace butt welds, continuous welds,
furnace lap welds, and some electric fusion welds).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.54 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Seismic Hazard Failure Rate due to Fault Movement Both events/miyr Range
The expected rate of line failure due to fault rupture in the immediate vicinity of the fault.
Sensitive Environment within 6 mi Liquid Choice Range
The distance to sensitive environments defined to include sensitive aquatic environments, nature preserves, habitats for
endangered species, sensitive forest reserves, national parks or forests, etc.
0 None
1 < 500 yds
2 500 yds to < 2000 yds
3 2000 yds to < 3 mi
4 3 mi to < 6 mi
Sensitive Groundwater within 6 mi Liquid Choice Range
The distance to important or susceptible groundwater resources.
0 None
1 < 500 yds
2 500 yds to < 2000 yds
3 2000 yds to < 3 mi
4 3 mi to < 6 mi
Soil Corrosivity Both Choice Range
A characterization of the degree to which the soil conditions surrounding the pipe provide an environment that is conducive
to the development of metal loss corrosion in unprotected areas of pipe.
0 Very low Soils that are excessively drained with a coarse texture (typical
resistivity greater than 10,000 ohm cm).
1 Low Soils that are well drained with a moderately coarse texture, or
poorly drained with a coarse texture (typical resistivity in the range
of 5,000 to 10,000 ohm cm).
2 Moderate Soils that are well drained with a moderately fine texture, or poorly
drained with a moderately coarse texture, or very poorly drained with
a high steady water table (typical resistivity in the range of 2,000
to 5,000 ohm cm).
3 High Soils that are well drained with a fine texture, or poorly drained with
a moderately fine texture, or very poorly drained with a fluctuating
water table (typical resistivity in the range of 1,000 to 2,000 ohm
cm).
4 Very high Soils that are poorly drained with a fine texture, mucks, peats with a
fluctuating water table (typical resistivity less than 1,000 ohm cm).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.55
Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Both Choice Range
A characterization of the relative likelihood that the soil will liquefy during an earthquake.
0 None
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very High
Soil Type Both Choice Range
A characterization of the strength and stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipeline.
0 Loose sand or gravel Less than 10 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.
1 Medium sand or gravel Between 10 and 30 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.
2 Dense sand or gravel Greater than 30 blows per ft in Standard Penetration Test.
3 Soft clay Undrained shear strength less than 500 psf.
4 Medium clay Undrained shear strength between 500 and 1000 psf.
5 Stiff clay Undrained shear strength between 1000 and 2000 psf.
6 Very stiff clay Undrained shear strength between 2000 and 4000 psf.
7 Hard clay Undrained shear strength greater than 4000 psf.
Stress Corrosion Crack Density Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the number of SCC defects per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the rate of growth in the size of SCC defects.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
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AA.56 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Stress Corrosion Crack Severity Both Choice Range
A relative characterization of the severity of damage with respect to SCC defect size.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Structure Offset Both ft Opt. Coordinat
The perpendicular offset distance from the reference point on the pipeline to the centre of the designated structure.
Structure Type Both Choice Opt. Coordinat
The type of structure associated with each designated structure reference point.
0 Single Family Dwelling
Surface Containment Liquid Choice Range
An indication of the degree to which natural terrain conditions will likely serve to contain surface liquid spills within the
confines of the pipeline right-of-way.
0 None
1 Partial
2 Full
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
A characterization of the slope of the terrain surrounding the pipeline right-of-way.
0 Flat (slope < 5%)
1 Rolling (slope 5% to 50%)
2 Steep (slope > 50%)
Surface Water within 300 yds Liquid Choice Range
The distance to the nearest perennial surface water feature.
0 None
1 < 100 yd
2 100 yd to 300 yd
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Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.57
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
The time interval between right-of-way patrols.
0 Twice daily
1 Daily
2 Three times a week
3 Two times a week
4 Weekly
5 Bi-weekly
6 Monthly
7 Quarterly
8 Semi-annually
9 Annually or longer
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
The method employed to patrol the right-of-way.
0 Aerial
1 Ground
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both ksi Range
Specified minimum tensile strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 75 ksi or 517 MPa).
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer Both % Range
The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter Both % Range
The extent to which alternate flow paths within the pipeline system can be employed to offset the throughput reduction
associated with line failure during the summer season.
Throughput Unit Cost - Summer Both $/mcf or $/bbl Range
The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the summer season.
Throughput Unit Cost - Winter Both $/mcf or $/bbl Range
The cost associated with failure to deliver a unit volume of product during the winter season.
Throughput Volume - Summer Both % Range
The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.
Throughput Volume - Winter Both % Range
The average nominated or tendered monthly flow volume, expressed as a percentage of pipeline throughput capacity.
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AA.58 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Time to Leak Detection Both hr Range
The time required to detect a small leak given that small leaks may only be detected by periodic line patrols or notification by
third parties.
Time to Leak Stoppage Both hr Range
The time required by the operator to locate and repair a leak, measured from the time when the leak is first detected.
Transverse Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the number of transverse ground movement sites per unit line length.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Transverse Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the rate of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Transverse Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
A relative indication of the existing extent of ground movement within active transverse ground movement sites.
0 Negligible
1 Very low
2 Low
3 Moderate
4 High
5 Very high
Wall Thickness Both in Range
The nominal wall thickness of the line pipe.
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
Specified minimum yield strength of the line pipe. (e.g., API 5X L60 should be reported as 60 ksi or 414 MPa).
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.59
AA.2.2 Attributes By Module
Module Name
Attribute Name Product Type Units Range/Coord
Consequence
Annual Rainfall Liquid Choice Range
Aquifer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
Azimuth Both degrees Range
Block Valve Type Both Choice Coordinate
Confining Layer Conductivity Liquid Choice Range
Confining Layer Thickness Liquid Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
Depth of Burial Both ft Range
Detectable Release Volume Both ft or bbl Range
Diameter Both in Range
Direct Exposure due to Land Use within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
Drinking Water within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
Elevation Profile Liquid ft Coordinate
Far Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
Flood Potential (return period) Liquid Choice Range
Flow Rate Both lb/s Range
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Summer Both $/event Range
Interruption Cost - Fixed - Winter Both $/event Range
Interruption Cost - Variable - Summer Both $/hr Range
Interruption Cost - Variable - Winter Both $/hr Range
Interruption Threshold - Summer Both hr Range
Interruption Threshold - Winter Both hr Range
Land Use Both Choice Range
Minimum Offset to Development Both ft Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.60 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Near Field Terrain Liquid Choice Range
Other Water within 3 mi Liquid Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Product Temperature Both F Range
Right-of-way Accessibility Both Choice Range
Sensitive Environment within 6 mi Liquid Choice Range
Sensitive Groundwater within 6 mi Liquid Choice Range
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Structure Offset Both ft Opt. Coordinate
Structure Type Both Choice Opt. Coordinate
Surface Containment Liquid Choice Range
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
Surface Water within 300 yds Liquid Choice Range
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Summer Both % Range
Throughput Redundancy Factor - Winter Both % Range
Throughput Unit Cost - Summer Both $/mcf or $/bbl Range
Throughput Unit Cost - Winter Both $/mcf or $/bbl Range
Throughput Volume - Summer Both % Range
Throughput Volume - Winter Both % Range
Time to Leak Detection Both hr Range
Time to Leak Stoppage Both hr Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
HB Equipment Impact
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.61
Depth of Burial Both ft Range
Diameter Both in Range
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
HB External Corrosion
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - External Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Casing Short Both Choice Range
Cathodic Protection Level Both Choice Range
Coating Condition Both Choice Range
Coating Type Both Choice Range
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - External Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - External Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Electrical Interference Both Choice Range
Product Temperature Both F Range
Soil Corrosivity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.62 Onshore Model Line Attributes
HB Geotechnical Hazard
Failure Potential given Geotechnical Event Both probability Range
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Both events/miyr Range
Geotechnical Hazard Occurrence Rate Change Both events/miyr Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
HB Internal Corrosion
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Product Corrosivity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
HB Internal Corrosion Refined
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both yr Opt. Range
Condensation Rate Gas 1E-6lb/(fts) Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both in Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Internal Corrosion Both % Opt. Range
Inhibitor Effectiveness Both % Range
Liquid Flow Characterization Both Choice Range
Liquid Fraction Water-Cut Both ratio Range
Operating Pressure Gradient Liquid psi/mi Range
Partial Pressure - CO2 Both psi Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.63
Partial Pressure - H2S Both psi Range
pH Gas pH Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Product Temperature Both F Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
HB Manufacturing Cracks
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both in Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - Fatigue Cracks Both % Opt. Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Range Both psi Range
Seam Weld Type Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
HB Other Causes
Diameter Both in Range
HB Seismic Hazard
Earthquake Moment Magnitude Both M Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Groundwater Depth Both Choice Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 1 Both fraction of g Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 2 Both fraction of g Range
Peak Ground Acceleration - Event 3 Both fraction of g Range
Seismic Hazard Failure Rate due to Fault Movement Both events/miyr Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.64 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Both Choice Range
Surface Topography Both Choice Range
HB Stress Corrosion Cracking
Benefit Period of Hydrotest - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Benefit Period of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both yr Opt. Range
Date of External Coating Rehabilitation Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Installation Both YYYY/MM/DD Range
Date of Last Hydrotest Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Date of Last Inspection - SCC Cracks Both YYYY/MM/DD Opt. Range
Diameter Both in Range
Effectiveness of Inspection - SCC Cracks Both % Opt. Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
SCC Potential of Environment Both Choice Range
SCC Susceptibility of Pipe Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Dent Gouges
Dent Gouge Defect Density Both Choice Range
Dent Gouge Defect Severity Both Choice Range
Diameter Both in Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both ftlb Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Pressure Range Both psi Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.65
RB Equipment Impact
Activity Zone Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Above Ground Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Buried Both Choice Range
Alignment Markers - Explicit Signage Both Choice Range
Crossings / Special Terrain Both Choice Range
Depth of Burial Both ft Range
Diameter Both in Range
Dig Notification Requirement Both Choice Range
Dig Notification Response Both Choice Range
Mechanical Protection Both Choice Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both ftlb Range
One-call System Type Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Public Awareness Level Both Choice Range
Right-of-way Indication Both Choice Range
Surveillance Interval Both Choice Range
Surveillance Method Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB External Corrosion
Diameter Both in Range
External Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
External Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
External Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both ksi Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
AA.66 Onshore Model Line Attributes
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Internal Corrosion
Diameter Both in Range
Internal Corrosion Density Both Choice Range
Internal Corrosion Growth Both Choice Range
Internal Corrosion Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Tensile Strength (SMTS) Both ksi Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Longitudinal Ground Movement
Diameter Both in Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Installation Temperature Both F Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
Longitudinal Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Product Temperature Both F Range
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Manufacturing Cracks
Diameter Both in Range
Manufacturing Crack Density Both Choice Range
Manufacturing Crack Growth Both Choice Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
Onshore Model Line Attributes AA.67
Manufacturing Crack Severity Both Choice Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both ftlb Range
Pressure Cycles Both cycles/yr Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Pressure Range Both psi Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Stress Corrosion Cracking
Diameter Both in Range
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure Both psi Range
Notch Toughness (specified) Both ftlb Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Stress Corrosion Crack Density Both Choice Range
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Both Choice Range
Stress Corrosion Crack Severity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
RB Transverse Ground Movement
Diameter Both in Range
Girth Weld Type Both Choice Range
Pressure Profile Both psi Coordinate
Soil Type Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Density Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Growth Both Choice Range
Transverse Ground Movement Severity Both Choice Range
Wall Thickness Both in Range
Yield Strength (SMYS) Both ksi Range
June 2003 PIRAMID Technical Reference Manual
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