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Co and Coh

1. Benzophenone can block UV rays. 2. Aldehyde has one carbonyl group while ketone has two carbonyl groups. 3. Ethanal (acetaldehyde) is used for manufacturing acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. 4. Aldehyde has two isomers - structural isomer and optical isomer. 5. The organic compound shown in the question is propanal. 6. An aldehyde that has 5 carbon is called pentanal. 7. The reaction shows aldehyde undergoing dehydrogenation to form an alkene and water. 8. Three examples of ketones are: acetone, acetophenone, methyl propyl ketone 9.

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168 views22 pages

Co and Coh

1. Benzophenone can block UV rays. 2. Aldehyde has one carbonyl group while ketone has two carbonyl groups. 3. Ethanal (acetaldehyde) is used for manufacturing acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. 4. Aldehyde has two isomers - structural isomer and optical isomer. 5. The organic compound shown in the question is propanal. 6. An aldehyde that has 5 carbon is called pentanal. 7. The reaction shows aldehyde undergoing dehydrogenation to form an alkene and water. 8. Three examples of ketones are: acetone, acetophenone, methyl propyl ketone 9.

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Aldehyde

&
Ketone
Fah Kan Maple Pong
Structure
organic compounds that incorporate a carbonyl functional group.

Aldehyde => attach to


one functional group
Ketone => attach to
two functional groups

R = functional group
Aldehyde
Structure

Aldehyde
ISOMER

Propanal Propanone
H6 C3 O
Nomenclature Prefix (Call by the number of carbon) + suffix (anal)

Number
Chemical
Prefix of Structural formula Name Stock name
formula
Carbon
1. Meth-
2. Eth- 1 CH2O HCHO Methanal formaldehyde
3. Prop-
4. Buth-
2 C2H4O CH3CHO Ethanal acetaldehyde
5. Pen-
6. Hex-
7. Hept- 3 C3H6O CH3CH2CHO Propanal
8. Oct-
9. Nona-
4 C4H8O CH3CH2CH2CHO Butanal
10. Deca-

5 C5H10O CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO Pentanal


Example Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) CH3CHO
Methanal (Formaldehyde) CH2O
Pentanal (Valeraldehyde) CH2O

- colorless, flammable
- The simplest aldehyde form liquid used in the
- colorless gas with a bad manufacture of acetic
- Clear liquid
smell acid, perfumes, and
- soluble in water
- danger to human health flavors.
- Used to make artificial
- mainly used in the - irritation of the eyes, skin,
flavorings and rubber.
production of industrial and respiratory tract
resins and as a disinfectant - considered a substance
- formalin that can cause cancer
Butanal (Butyraldehyde) CH3(CH2)2CHO
Vanillin (Vanillaldehyde) C8H8O3

- aldehyde derivative of butane


- primary component of the extract of
- colourless flammable liquid with an
the vanilla bean
acrid smell
- used by the food industry (vanilla
- Can mix with most organic solvents
extract) to flavouring the food
- widely used manufacturing technique
- Air Care Products
for butyraldehyde is the oxo process
- A substance used as an indicator of a
biological state.
Reaction

C2H4O + H C2H5O
Application

Fragrances Baked Good


Application
Aldehyde are found in a number of perfumes, which are very famous scent.
Following chart shows Aldehydes that are used in fragranced
Heptanal (C7H14O) Has herbal odor

Octanal (C8H16O) Has citrusy scent, likely oranges

Nonanal (C9H18O) Smell like rose

Decanal (C10H20O) Orange-rind

Undecanal (C11H22O) Coriander leaf (clean smell)

Duodecanal (C12H24O) Smell like violets

Tridecanal (C13H26O) Has citrusy scent, likely grapefruit

Tetradecanal (C14H28O) Smell like peach skin(Mitsouko Brand)


Application
Scents of cookie from oven also
come from aldehydes. Because
aldehyde are important part of some
sugar which contained in several
substances in baking such as
cinnamon and vanilla.
Ketone
Structure

Ketone
ISOMER

Diethyl ketone Methyl propyl ketone


Nomenclature Prefix (Call by the number of carbon) + suffix (anone)

Number of
Formula Structure Name
Carbon

3 CH3COCH3 propanone

4 CH3COCH2CH3 butanone

5 CH3COCH2CH2CH3 pentanone

6 CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH3 hexanone
Example Acetophenone
Benzophenone (Diphenyl ketone)
(Methyl phenyl ketone) C8H8O C13H10O
Propanone (Acetone) C3H6O

- colorless liquid, volatile, - colorless liquid with a sweet


flammable, dissolves in water
- white solid with a flowery odor.
pungent taste and odor
- used as a solvent and an - May float or sink in water
resembling the odor of
antiseptic - Can protect UV -use in
oranges
- occurs naturally in plants, trees, sunscreen, prevent light from
forest fires, tobacco smoke, and - used for fragrance in soaps
damaging scents and colors in
a product of the breakdown of and perfumes, a flavoring in
products such as perfumes,
body fat foods, and a solvent for
- normally present in very small soaps, and plastic packaging.
plastics and resins.
amount in urine and blood, but - used building block in organic
- Touch = may cause skin
Acetone is toxic in high doses chemistry
irritation
- Can be use in printing industry
Reaction

Dehydrogenases Halogenation

C3H6O C3H4 + H2O


Application

Cure Addiction (Methadone) Acetone


Application
The ketone methadone (C21H27NO) has been used to cure addiction to opiates which can be said as
medical treatment. It works by binding to dopamine receptor.
Application
One of the most famous application of ketones is acetones, frequently used in the
laboratory as the solvent for reaction. Also be the ingredient for the product such
as nail polish removers and paint removers.
Question
1. What organic compound can block the UV ray
2. What is the difference between aldehyde and ketone?
3. What does Ethanal use for?
4. How many isomer does Aldehyde have?
5. Name this organic compound

6. What does Aldehyde that have 5 carbon called?


7. C3H6O > C3H4 + H2O What is the reaction
8. Give 3 examples of ketone
9. What does Decanal give scent?
10. Name 3 example of applications

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