1 During cyclic control in a fore and aft (pitching) movement

2 When moving the cyclic stick:

a the servo jack stops will limit movement of the control so that airframe
damage is avoided.
b a 3/4 inch gap exists between the airframe stop and the control at the
end of its travel to provide feedback.
c the airframe stops will be reached before the servo jack travel stops
so that damage to the jack is prevented.

3 When determining Autorotative rpm from the manufacturers

charts, the density altitude section will compensate for:
a the viscosity of the air at low altitudes.
b rotor rpm above that stated in the maintenance manual.
c ambient temperature changes at any altitude.

4 After an engine failure in flight, a helicopter can enter

Autorotation due to the:
a clutch disengaging the main rotor drive and the pilot moving the cyclic
lever forward
b pilot increasing main rotor rpm by increasing collective pitch
c freewheel unit allowing the blades to continue rotating while the pilot
controls their rpm with the collective lever

5 The main function of the tension-torsion strap assemblies that

attach the grip to the yoke of a semi-rigid main rotor head is to:
a Absorb the loads on the head and reduce the vibration levels.
b Transfer the centrifugal loads to the yoke and counteract
aerodynamic forces.
c Centre the yoke on the head and to provide rigidity, allowing for the
generation of high lift forces.

6 State what swashplate friction checks are carried out using:

a A spring balance, the pitch change links are disconnected and require
Duplicate Inspection.
b An inclinometer on the head as the swash plate is moved slowly by
hand.
c A torquemeter to measure the force required to move the whole
assembly up and down.

7 As the main rotor blade tips reach sonic, or supersonic speeds,

the main rotor disc will:
a Require less effort from the pilot to control.
b Become aerodynamically unstable.
c Produce more lift because each blade is rotating faster.
Module 12

8 As the tail rotor increases its power output the fuselage will tend
to:
a Translate across the ground.
b Rotate due to increased torque reaction.
c Roll due to the couple set up between the tail rotor and the main fuselage.

9 Describe a typical steel tail rotor blade construction:

a Low carbon steel shell, re-enforced polymer filler and a titanium
trailing edge abrasion strip.
b Re-enforced steel filler, Carbon/Kevlar shell, and an aluminium
leading edge balance strip.
c Stainless steel leading edge abrasion strip, re-enforced honeycomb
filler and a stainless steel shell.

10 As the advancing blade flaps down, its angle of attack will:

a Increase.
b Decrease.
c Remain constant.

11 On certain helicopters, with the cyclic stick in the neutral position,

the main rotor disc is seen to be tilted to one side. This is to:
a Compensate for tail rotor drift effects caused by the force set up to
counter torque reaction.
b Compensate for the tendency to roll caused by placing the tail rotor on a
pylon.
c Allows easier taxiing manoeuvres on the ground.

12 Tail rotor drift is corrected by:

a Off-setting the main rotor thrust.
b Off-setting the tail rotor thrust.
c Positioning the tail rotor on a pylon.

13 Artificial feel may be incorporated into helicopter flying control

systems by use of:
a Force gradient springs fitted into the flight control system.
b Friction devices fitted to the collective pitch lever and cyclic pitch stick.
c Control friction brakes fitted into the auto stabilising components of the
flight control system.

14 Increasing Collective pitch will:

a Increase the angle of attack on all blades and therefore decrease the
torque reaction.
b Require an increase in power due to an increase in main rotor-induced
drag.
c Increase the pitch angle of all blades but have no effect of power due to a
free-wheel being incorporated.
Module 12

15 The ground cushion will be stronger when a helicopter is

hovering:
a out of ground effect but still within the three quarter disc diameter margin
b over sloping ground a distance equal to one and a third the disc diameter
c over a flat but firm surface and within one disc diameter to the ground

16 Helicopter main rotor blades have wash-out to:

a Allow for blade root attachment.
b Increase the lift at the tips and prevent stall.
c Reduce the blade loading problems.

17 During power-off flight (Autorotation), the fuselage will tend to

rotate:
a In the same direction as the rotor blades.
b Opposite to main rotor rotation.
c In the same direction as the tail rotor.

18 Dynamic balancing of the main and tail rotor assemblies is

achieved by:
a adding or subtracting chord-wise mass.
b adjusting the track of the blades by means of trim tabs.
c replacement of components until the vibration level is acceptable.

19 Main rotor transmission lubrication systems are generally:

a wet sump systems with a full-flow filtration system.
b re-circulation systems with a by-pass filtration system.
c dry sump systems with either a full-flow or a by-pass filtration system.

20 Low main rotor gear box oil pressure could be the result of
blocked:
a spray nozzles. ?
b atmospheric vent.
c pressure filter.

21 When closed, the thermal by-pass on a main rotor gear box oil
cooler will allow:
a hot oil to pass through the matrix of the cooler
b cold oil to by-pass the cooler to prevent damage to the matrix
c high pressure oil to flow through the cooler to prevent damage to the
matrix
Module 12

22 Main rotor gear box oil pressure is transmitted from a point:

a before the external oil tank but before the pressure pump
b after the pressure filter but before the spray nozzles
c in between the pressure filter and the pressure pump

23 The main advantage of an internal freewheel is:

a that it is constantly lubricated even after an engine failure
b once the engine fails it will disconnect the drive, allowing the rotors to
turn freely
c after gear box failure it will still allow the engine to rotate freely

24 Draining the oil from a tail rotor gear box through the chip
detector housing is accomplished by:
a using a screwdriver and a suitable container to catch the oil
b special tool and associated drain hose
c removing the housing and collecting the oil in a container

25 A constant volume pump is used in the lubrication system of a

main rotor gear box, the operating pressure is maintained by
incorporating :
a an NRV
b a PRV
c a TRV

26 The oil cooler within the lubrication system of a main

transmission is generally located:
a in-between the pressure filter and the casing galleries
b after the inlet screen but before the oil pump
c before the pressure filter but after the filler nozzle

27 The main rotor transmission system indicates high oil pressure

and temperature, a likely cause could be:
a dirty oil filter
b blocked spray nozzles
c low oil level

28 Following the rejection of the main transmission for metal

contamination, the:
a pressure filter must be removed and washed
b aircraft must be grounded until receipt of the SOAP sample report
c airframe mounted oil cooler must be replaced also
Module 12

29 Flexible drive shaft couplings are designed to:

a absorb movement between major components and allow for thermal
expansion
b allow for alignment differences between components while
maintaining a common centre-line
c absorb the torque between rotation components and prevent
misalignment due to twisting

30 Tail rotor control inputs are transmitted:

a through 90 and from linear to rotational linear movement
b to the hub via a swash plate system, converting linear movement to
rotational
c over the distance of the aircraft by a series of electronic signals to a
control rod

31 One advantage of using a sun and planet type reduction gear is

that the:
a power is transferred through a common centre-line and the torque
reaction within the drive train is low
b system can be used to rotate the main rotor head at speeds over
MACH 1
c requires no modification for use with a contra-rotating head

32 Following a heavy landing, the most crucial area of inspection on

the fuselage is:
a transportation joint
b transmission platform
c undercarriage attachment points

33 While storing a laminated glass panel, the thicker glass ply

should be kept:
a uppermost
b at the bottom
c vertical

34 The 'Safe Life' of a structure or component is usually calculated

by applying the factor:
a 0.15
b 1.5
c 15

35 The tail boom of a helicopter is generally considered to be:

a monocoque
b semi-monocoque
c monocoque, but with stiffening stringers for added strength
Module 12

36 The load paths from the main rotor head of a helicopter generally
pass to the undercarriage through a box construction, this
section on most helicopters is the:
a crew compartment
b tail boom transportation joint
c main fuselage and transmission platform

37 When sealing a riveted repair in an aircraft fuel tank, the

components are wet assembled. The purpose of the barrier
coat is to:
a prevent fuel dissolving the sealant
b prevent sward or metal particles becoming embedded in the
sealant
c act as a catalyst to cause the sealant to dry quickly

38 Placing a helicopter in the rigging position is generally achieved

by:
a aligning a plumb bob on a target plate
b using an inclinometer on the main rotor head
c applying tension to a steel tape measure placed between two fixed points

39 Principal Structural Elements are components which are:

a primary structure and contribute significantly to the carrying of flight and
ground loads
b secondary structure whose failure could result in a catastrophic failure of
the aircraft
c are components of both primary and secondary structure which are
particularly damage tolerant

40 The cold air supply of a helicopter environmental control system

is generally
a bleed air from a turbine engine
b compressed air from gas bottles
c ram air from external scoops

41 A combustion heater system utilises:

a charge air to heat the cabin
b ram air to heat the cabin
c compressor air to heat the cabin

42 A typical environmental system will supply:

a hot air only which can then be mixed with cooler air by opening a window
b hot air and/or cold air depending on the demand from the crew
c cold air only as hot air can be supplied by the engine exhaust muff
Module 12

43 In an air conditioning system incorporating a bootstrap

compressor, the:
a turbine rpm is governed by the airflow through the compressor
b turbine drive the compressor and is controlled by a wastegate
c air through the heat exchangers will pass through the turbine then to the
compressor

44 Should the temperature of the air in the ducting between the

engine(s) and mixing chamber be above specified limits, a
temperature sensor will:
a cause the pressure regulator valve to close, which must then be reset
from the cockpit once the temperature has dropped to normal
b illuminate a duct over temperature warning light, alerting the flight crew to
switch cabin air off
c open the mixing chamber cold air valve fully, to provide more cooling air
to enter the system

45 When an aircraft is on the ground, a pressure setting scale of

QFE will result in an instrument reading of:
a zero, within instrument tolerance
b the airfield elevation above sea-level
c the mean sea level pressure

46 Absolute altitude is found by:

a adding the ambient pressure to a value at a specified altitude
b correcting indicated altitude for instrument and pressure error
c subtracting the elevation of the ground over which the aircraft is flying,
from the true altitude

47 On a standard altimeter if the ambient temperature:

a decreases, the capsules will be stiffer and not compress so much
b decreases, the capsules become more springy and compress more
c increases, the capsules expansion is doubled in proportion to pressure

48 The slot cut in the sector gear of an air speed indicator is:
a shaped so that there is some increased motion as the scale increases
b shaped to show some lost motion as the scale increases
c always fixed horizontally to the ranging bar

49 A helicopter uses an instantaneous vertical speed indicator

where:
a on descent, the piston will move upwards pumping air into the capsule
b the normal pressure differential rules never apply
c on descent, the piston will always lag the case pressure
Module 12

50 An electrically operated erection cut-out circuit has two pairs of

liquid-level switches set at an angle to each other to:
a measure the bank and pitch angles
b detect skid and sideslip
c differentiate between acceleration and deceleration

51 The style of turn and slip indicator scale often varies, but the
standard calibration will always show when relevant:
a a rate one turn at 360 per minute
b 360 per minute as a rate 3 turn
c a rate two turn at 360 per minute

52 Fig 1 shows a turn and slip indication of:

a underbanked rate 2 turn to port
b overbanked rate 4 turn to port
c underbanked rate 2 turn to starboard

FIG 1

53 When checking a direct reading compass, deviation is the

difference between:
a aircraft heading and true north
b aircraft magnetic headings and aircraft compass headings
c magnetic north and aircraft magnetic heading

54 The spider, in a compass detector unit, operates electrically to

give:
a low reluctance causing lines of force to bend-in
b a secondary output of 1 volt at 400 Hz
c a high impedance signal when aligned with the earths magnetic field

55 Very High Frequency (VHF) communications. provides:

a air to ground and air to air long range communications
b communication between crew members and passengers
c air to ground and air to air voice/or data line of sight communications
Module 12

56 The priorities used in a typical passenger address system means

that:
a pre-recorded announcements override attendant announcements
b pre-recorded announcements override flight deck announcements
c attendant announcements override boarding music

57 The radio altimeter is:

a a secondary radar system used to find height above the ground
b a primary radar system used to send altitude signals to air traffic radar
c a primary radar system used to determine aircraft height above ground

58 The airspeed indicator shows:

a true airspeed
b rectified airspeed
c uncorrected airspeed

59 Thermal runaway in Nicad batteries:

a may be eliminated by keeping the battery surrounds below zero degrees
b will be eliminated by the use of temperature sensors to isolate the
batteries
c cannot occur, it is a property of lead acid batteries only

60 The voltage sensing and voltage control elements of a voltage

regulator of a generator are connected in:
a parallel, series respectively
b series, parallel respectively
c parallel, parallel respectively

61 Current is flowing through the series coil of a differential cut out

in opposition to the shunt coil. This indicates:
a normal circuit operation
b generator output has dropped below bus bar voltage
c generator output has risen above bus bar voltage

62 A shunt wound dc generator off load experiences output

regulation failure. The result would:
a reduce the field to zero losing all excitation
b bring the generator to a constant voltage output regardless of load
c lead to an increase in field strength until eventually the generator would
burn out
Module 12

63 The output windings in a TRU are:

a in series with each other
b in parallel with each other
c full wave rectified using 4 diodes per transformer output

64 The point of regulation on a generator system is connected as

close:
a to the bus bar as possible, but on the supply side of the GB
b as possible to the generator output terminals to prevent voltage drop over
long feeder cables
c to the bus bar as possible, on the downstream side of the GB

65 The windings of the interpoles in a generator are in:

a series with the load, of an opposite polarity to that of the armature field
and produce an effect proportional to the load
b parallel with the load, of the same polarity to that of the armature field and
produce an effect directly proportional to the load
c series with the load, of the same polarity to that of the armature field but
produce an effect inversely proportional to the load

66 Generator overheat warning sensors are normally fitted:

a inside the generator next to the main output windings
b in the exhaust of the generators cooling system
c in the air cooling inlet duct

67 To power up a failed ac busbar in the helicopter twin inverter

system:
a the pilot need take no action, other than monitor the situation, as power
transfer is automatically made
b the pilot need take no action, other than monitor the situation as both
inverters were in parallel and the failed busbar is powered up by the
remaining inverter
c the pilot has to physically switch off the failed inverter in order to transfer
power from the other inverter system

68 If the common winding of a step-down autotransformer goes

open circuit:
a the output will be zero because there will be no complete path and thus
no transformer action
b the output will be the same as the input
c there will be no change in the output
Module 12

69 A very low resistance develops between A and C phase of the

exciter rotor in a 200 volts brushless ac generator. The resultant
voltage and frequency output would initially show:
a an increase in frequency but a drop in voltage
b no change in frequency but with a marked reduction in voltage
c a decrease in both frequency and voltage

70 In a generator taking too much reactive load, the mutual reactor

will cause the voltage regulator to sense:
a an increase in voltage reducing field excitation
b a decrease in voltage increasing field excitation
c an increase in voltage reducing the gearbox torque

71 Initial output excitation in a starter/generator is normally provided

by:
a direct battery voltage through the generator field relay
b residual magnetism released to the voltage regulator when the generator
field relay is energised
c a shaft mounted permanent magnet providing dc excitation through a
rectifier unit

72 A three phase TRU often features a:

a star-delta combination to give a sixty degrees phase shift
b star-star combination to give a sixty degrees phase shift
c star-delta combination to give a thirty degrees phase shift

73 In a helicopter inverter system under normal operation:

a the inverters are run in parallel
b are operated independently until one fails then the other takes its loads
over automatically
c are operated independently until one fails and an emergency standby
inverter takes over automatically

74 Emergency ac supplies on a helicopter will:

a come from an inverter only
b be fed to flight instruments and fire extinguishers amongst other loads
c come from the aircraft ac generator only

75 A low frequency, lateral, vibration could be the result of:

a faulty tail rotor gear box mounts
b ineffective lag plane dampers
c out of track main rotor
Module 12

76 One advantage of flag tracking is that:

a readings are readily available during flight
b the system is more portable than the electronic equipment
c sophisticated electronic equipment is not required

77 Dynamic balancing of tail rotor drive shafts is achieved by:

a adding weights to the attachment points which can be performed by the
engineer
b removing material from the drive shaft and must be carried out by the
manufacturer
c incorporating a special weighted flexible coupling

78 Tail rotor hub assembly counter weights are:

a primarily static balance weights and counter ATMs
b dynamic balance weights and counter both ATMs and CTMs
c both static and dynamic balance weights which counter CTMs

79 A system allowing more than one extinguisher to be discharged

into a power plant is a:
a dual bottle system
b two shot system
c duplicated system

80 Before installing cartridge units to extinguishers:

a a continuity and insulation check must be carried out using a 250 volts
insulation tester
b the date of manufacture should be checked to ensure a sufficient time
remains of its 5 year installation life
c they should be inspected for signs of distortion, corrosion, chafing and
other damage

81 A fire or overheat detection system component:

a can be used as a single unit in multiple fire zones provided it
has the one power source
b for any fire zone may pass through another fire zone provided
it is protected against false warning in transit zones
c can only ever be used for a single fire zone

82 The fully charged weight of an extinguisher should be checked:

a to include blanking caps, washers, cartridge units and switch cable
assembly
b at the periods specified in the relevant maintenance schedule and before
installation
c only if it is suspected that extinguishant has leaked or a thermal discharge
has occurred
Module 12

83 During a water/sediment check on a helicopter before flight it is

found that there is a small quantity of water in the fuel tank.
What action should be carried out to establish serviceability?
a Drain and flush the fuel tank
b Sample the fuel filter bowl to determine the extent of the contamination
c Disconnect the fuel inlet to the engine and carry out a fuel flow check IAW
the manufacturers maintenance manual

84 The correct sequence of events when refuelling a helicopter is:

a Bond bowser to ground, bond aircraft to bowser, bond nozzle to
aircraft then attach nozzle
b Bond aircraft to bowser, bond bowser to ground, attach nozzle, then
bond nozzle to aircraft
c Attach nozzle, bond nozzle to aircraft, bond aircraft to bowser, then
bond bowser to ground

85 During engine shut down it is noticed that the main rotor rpm and
the engine rpm needles do not SPLIT. A possible cause for this
condition is:
a anticipator unit inoperative
b engine FCU incorrectly rigged
c freewheel unit not releasing

86 Initial movement of the controls within a powered control system

will actuate the:
a servo jack ram and move the control surface
b feedback linkage allowing the jack body to move over the piston
c pilot valve, porting fluid to the appropriate side of the piston

87 When hydraulic pressure is lost, within a powered control system

that allows manual reversion, the tail servo jack will:
a shut off the return lines causing a hydraulic lock and allowing the
whole unit to move as one
b port hydraulic fluid to the reservoir to overcome the tendency for the
jacks to lock
c open pressure and return lines allowing the jack to move freely over
the piston

88 Case pressure is maintained in a Spur gear hydraulic pump to:

a act as Servo Pressure for the pump
b prevent air ingress in case of seal failure
c improve internal lubrication
Module 12

89 In a high pressure hydraulic system, O ring seals are normally

fitted:
a alone
b in pairs
c with a back-up ring

90 A suction filter used in a hydraulic system is located:

a in the return line
b before the hydraulic pump
c after the hydraulic pump

91 When working with strobe lighting:

a do not approach within 10 metres whilst in use
b red and white strobes can be operated on the ground
c the minimum of 5 minutes must elapse after power is disconnected before
the strobe system can be disturbed

92 On the initial installation of an anti-collision lamp assembly:

a screened cable must be used to ensure failsafe operation
b the control switch must be independent of the position light switch
c the lamp must be connected to the primary bus

93 In a rotating reflector anti collision light, the rotating unit has:

a only one reflector giving a low light intensity of light with a spread of 30
above and below the horizon
b two reflectors with one giving high intensity light parallel to the horizon
c two reflectors with one giving low intensity of light parallel to the horizon

94 During engine ground running an air leak is felt from the ground
cart a service connector. This is caused by the:
a blanking cap seal leaking
b bleed air control valve being stuck in the open position
c check valve leaking

95 Electrically signalled hydraulic pressure system send signals to a

gauge of which type?
a moving coil
b synchronous motor
c direct reading

96 Which type of hydraulic system does NOT use an off-load valve?

a self-idling
b non-self-idling
c variable volume
 Module 12

97 Thermal relief valves are provided in hydraulic systems to:

a allow pipelines to expand and contract
b bypass heated fluid back to the pump
c relieve hydrostatic pressure resulting from fluid expansion ????

98 When airborne water particles are large and the air temperature
is very low:
a airframes will suffer from glime ice
b rotor blades will suffer from rime ice
c icing is unlikely to occur

99 Engine intake cowlings will generally be heated by:

a utilising engine bleed air and is known as a thermopneumatic system
b passing warm fluid through galleries within the cowling leading edge
c thermoelectrical heating elements controlled by the air crew

100 Before replacing an electrically heated windshield:

a a full functional check should be carried out to check overheat protection
b insulation and current consumption checks are needed
c the resistance of a conducting film and sensor elements should be
measured for maintenance manual comparison

101 Pitot probe heating is achieved by:

a two 115V ac supplied elements in mast and probe
b a battery supplied element during emergency conditions
c a 28V dc supply only when the aircraft/helicopter is airborne

102 With a windscreen heating system switched ON, the:

a pilot may turn the system on and pre-select the temperature range
b system operates automatically when the OAT sensor detects a low
temperature
c windscreen sensors feedback to the controllers that cycle the system ON
and OFF

103 Following a heavy landing, the main area of concern on the

cross-tube and leg assembly of a fixed skid undercarriage are
the:
a skid shoe assemblies as they could become holed
b skid tubes as they would crack
c saddle arches as they could fail
 Module 12

104 Damage to the skid type undercarriage leg is more critical:

a at the attachment to the cross-tubes
b over the 1/3 section closest to the saddle assembly
c at a point midway between the attachment of the port and starboard
legs

105 When fitting a tubeless tyre to a wheel, the balance mark on the
tyre should:
a align with the balance mark or valve location on the wheel
b be ignored as it only applies to tyres with inner tubes
c align 180 from the balance mark or valve location on the wheel

106 When assessing the condition of a helicopter wheel brake that is

not provided with wear indicator pins, the wear condition is
normally assessed by:
a applying the brakes, and measuring the distance between the
torque plate and the disc
b releasing the brakes and measuring between the torque plate
and the thrust plate
c removing the wheel and measuring the width of each pad

107 White streaking on a landing lamp indicates:

a signs of overheating
b leaking glass
c normal working conditions; can be removed with a lint free cloth

108 By fitting a load carrying boom assembly to the main rotor

gearbox:
a there is little or no effect on the centre of gravity of the helicopter
b the movement arm is increased about which the load force reduces
the feedback to the helicopter
c the load is allowed to swing laterally depending on the attitude of the
helicopter

109 An approved Life Jacket would have the following equipment

fitted:
a Mouth inflation valve, a means of deflation, pressure gauge, lamp and
a whistle
b Lamp, automatic re-inflation switch, battery, means of deflation and a
whistle
c Means of deflation, whistle, lamp, a battery and a mouth inflation
valve
 Module 12

110 In a flotation bag inflation system, using frangible discs, the discs
are ruptured by:
a a squib being fired and the expanding gases operating a shuttle valve
b high levels of electrical power causing the discs to melt totally
c by the disc being struck by the spring-loaded operating plunger

111 When operated in flight, the inflation of the flotation bags takes
place within 5 seconds and:
a causes the helicopter to pitch slightly
b reduces the total lift reaction by a factor of 3
c does not have any dangerous effects on the helicopter handing

112 When checking for small pneumatic leaks:

a application of a neutral (non-corrosive) soap solution will make leaks
visible by bubble formation
b disconnect pipeline at one end(instrument) and apply high pressure dry
air back through
c apply insulated tape and measure pressure difference

113 In a variable volume hydraulic pump, if the stroke piston spring

breaks, the pump:
a will go to maximum delivery
b will go to minimum delivery
c delivery to the system is not affected

114 Following a hydraulic pump replacement:

a the complete system can be functionally tested using an external
hydraulic rig
b a ground run is required after leak checks and functional checks have
been carried out
c fluid flow checks must be carried out to all servo jacks

115 To prevent Automatic Cut-out valve hammer in a non-self-idling

system:
a a pressure relief valve operates to the return line
b the ACOV is bypassed when the system is not being used
c back pressure from the accumulator is utilised

116 Standby hydraulic systems usually:

a have a dedicated reservoir and pump
b share the reservoir and pump with the main system
c share a common reservoir only with the main system
Module 12

1 State what the Delta Three system of stabilisation consists of;

2 State what factors limit the maximum forward speed of a helicopter;

3 State what will happen to the Service ceiling of a helicopter if outside air
temperature decreases;

4 When flying at high altitude the sensitivity of the helicopter flight controls is
effected, state how;