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M'Sia Fire Stair Pressurization Sample

This document provides an example calculation for a pressurization system for the staircases and lift lobbies of a 30-story office building. It involves estimating air leakage through closed doors based on door size and type, calculating increased airflow if doors are opened, and selecting fan capacity. The building has 2 staircases and fire fighting lift lobbies connected to accommodation areas. There are a total of 30 doors. The calculation estimates leakage rates, assumes 3 floors where all doors are opened, calculates total minimum air required, and selects a fan to supply 30,000 CMH to pressurize the system.

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419 views10 pages

M'Sia Fire Stair Pressurization Sample

This document provides an example calculation for a pressurization system for the staircases and lift lobbies of a 30-story office building. It involves estimating air leakage through closed doors based on door size and type, calculating increased airflow if doors are opened, and selecting fan capacity. The building has 2 staircases and fire fighting lift lobbies connected to accommodation areas. There are a total of 30 doors. The calculation estimates leakage rates, assumes 3 floors where all doors are opened, calculates total minimum air required, and selects a fan to supply 30,000 CMH to pressurize the system.

Uploaded by

nim_gourav1997
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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14.

8 CALCULATION
14.8.1 Example of Staircase and Lift Lobby Pressurisation System Calculation

14.8.1.1 General Description of Building


A 30 storey office building with 2 staircases constructed from ground floor up to roof level. Both
staircases are connected to fire fighting lift lobbies, which in turn are connected to accommodation
areas. There is only one single leaf door per floor for staircase. As for fire fighting lift lobby, there
is only one single leaf door separating each lift lobby and the accommodation areas. There is one
door connecting the lift lobby to a service shaft. However, this is not to be taken into account as it
is opened into an enclosed area. Therefore, there are 30 doors in total for both staircase and fire
fighting lift lobbies. Refer to Figure 14.1

14.8.1.2 Design Condition


(i) The staircase and lift lobbies will be independently pressurised.

(ii) All pressurisation shafts are not provided with sheet metal ductwork.

(iii) According to UBBL, the no. of opened doors shall be minimum 2 nos. or no. of doors at 10%
of the total floors (worst condition), whichever is higher. Hence, for this case study, there will
be 3 floors where all staircase and lift lobby doors are assumed to be opened.

(iv) The design of pressurisation system shall be based on constant speed fan with pressure relief
system.

14.8.2 Sample Calculation for Staircase Pressurisation System


14.8.2.1 Estimation of Air Volume Flowing Past Doors When Doors Are Closed
(i) Design criteria based on MS1472

(ii) Leakage Area Calculation:


Based on 50 Pa pressure differential and interpolation of data from Table 3 and 4 (MS1472).
Size Leakage
Type Of Door Height Width Per Door
(mm) (mm) (CMH)
Case A Single leaf opening into a pressurised space 2 0.8 210
Case B Single leaf opening outwards from a 2 0.8 420
pressurised space
Case C Double leaf opening into pressurised space 2 1.6 630

No. of single leaf doors opening into pressurised area = 27


No. of single leaf doors opening outwards from an pressurised area = 1
No. of double leaf opening into pressurised space = 0
28
No. of opened single leaf doors (10% of Doors, minimum 2) = 3
14.8.2.2 Calculation of Air Leakage through Closed Doors
(i) (Case A)
Air leakage for 27 no. of door = 210 CMH x 27 = 5670 CMH

(ii) (Case B)
Air leakage for 1 no. of door = 420 CMH x 1 = 420 CMH

(iii) (Case C)
Air leakage for 0 no. of door = 630 CMH x 0 = 0 CMH

14.8.2.3 Calculation of Total Air Leakage


Total Air leakage = 5670 + 420 + 0 = 6090 CMH

14.8.2.4 Estimation of Air Flow Past 3 Opened Doors


(i) The size of each door is 2.00 m (H) 0.80 m (W)
(ii) Therefore, area of door is 1.6 m
(iii) Based on design criteria of 1 m/s air flow through door when the door is opened, air flowrate
1.6m x 1.0 m/s x 60 sec x 60 mm = 5,760 CMH
(iv) For 3 opened doors, the air quantity
= 5760 CMH x3 = 17,280 CMH

14.8.2.5 Selection of Capacity for Pressurisation Fan


(i) The minimum air required
= (A) + (B)
= 6090 + 17280 CMH
= 23,370 CMH

(ii) Add 25% leakage factor (masonry shaft)


= 29,213 CMH
Note: If masonry shaft is of reinforced concrete, 10% leakage factor is adequate

(iii) The airflow of fan selected:


= 30,000 CMH
f level. Both
accommodation
t lobby, there
s. There is one
o account as it
case and fire

doors at 10%
tudy, there will

h pressure relief

d 4 (MS1472).
(A)

ed, air flowrate

(B)
14.8 CALCULATION
14.8.1 Example of Staircase and Lift Lobby Pressurisation System Calculation

14.8.1.1 General Description of Building


A 30 storey office building with 2 staircases constructed from ground floor up to roof level. Both
staircases are connected to fire fighting lift lobbies, which in turn are connected to accommodation
areas. There is only one single leaf door per floor for staircase. As for fire fighting lift lobby, there
is only one single leaf door separating each lift lobby and the accommodation areas. There is one
door connecting the lift lobby to a service shaft. However, this is not to be taken into account as it
is opened into an enclosed area. Therefore, there are 30 doors in total for both staircase and fire
fighting lift lobbies. Refer to Figure 14.1

14.8.1.2 Design Condition


(i) The staircase and lift lobbies will be independently pressurised.

(ii) All pressurisation shafts are not provided with sheet metal ductwork.

(iii) According to UBBL, the no. of opened doors shall be minimum 2 nos. or no. of doors at 10%
of the total floors (worst condition), whichever is higher. Hence, for this case study, there will
be 3 floors where all staircase and lift lobby doors are assumed to be opened.

(iv) The design of pressurisation system shall be based on constant speed fan with pressure relief
system.

14.8.2 Sample Calculation for Staircase Pressurisation System


14.8.2.1 Estimation of Air Volume Flowing Past Doors When Doors Are Closed
(i) Design criteria based on MS1472

(ii) Leakage Area Calculation:


Based on 50 Pa pressure differential and interpolation of data from Table 3 and 4 (MS1472).
Size Leakage
Type Of Door Height Width Per Door
(mm) (mm) (CMH)
Case A Single leaf opening into a pressurised space 2 0.8 210
Case B Single leaf opening outwards from a 2 0.8 420
pressurised space
Case C Double leaf opening into pressurised space 2 1.6 630
Case D Double leaf opening outwards pressurised space 2 2 Ref:
MS1472

No. of single leaf doors opening into pressurised area = 30


No. of single leaf doors opening outwards from an pressurised area = 0
No. of double leaf opening into pressurised space = 0
No. of lift landing doors = 30
14.8.3.2 Galculation of Air Leakage through Closed Lobby Doors
(i) (Case A)
Air leakage for 30 no. of door = 210 CMH x 30 = 6,300 CMH

(ii) (Case B)
Air leakage for 0 no. of door = 420 CMH x 0 = 0 CMH

(iii) (Case C)
Air leakage for 0 no. of door = 630 CMH x 0 = 0 CMH

14.8.3.3 Calculation of Air Leakage through Glosed Lift Landing Doors


Refer to Equation (14) of sub-section 5.3.2.3 of M51472
Equation: Qd = Qc x F / n

where,
Qd is the air leakage from one lobby past one lift door,
Qc is the air leakage for an isolated lift door (value taken from Table 4 or derived from
Qc = 0,0496 x (PE)1/2 where PE is the pressurisation level for the lobby,
F is the factor depending on vent size in lift shaft and taken from the appropriate
column of Table 6 (MS 1472),
N N is the number of pressurised lobby openings into the lift shaft
Hence, when applied to;

(iv) (Case D)
(assume lift shaft vent size = 0.16m2)
F= 2.66 m3/s

Qd (for 1 lobby) = Qc x F / n
= 0.0496 x (50) x 2.66 m/s x 3600 / 30
= 112 CMH

No. of Lift = 1

Total Leakage
112 CMH x 30 Landings x 1 Lift = 3,360 CMH

14.8.3.4 Galculation of TotalAir Leakage


Total Air leakage = 6300 + 0 + 0 + 3360 = 9,660 CMH
14.8.3.5 Estimation of Air Leakage through 3 Opened Doors
(i) The total no. of doors is 30. Therefore, the design calculation shall
consider 3 nos. of opened single leaf doors.

No. of opened single leaf doors = 3

(ii) The size of each door is 2.00 m (H) 0.80 m (W)


(iii) Therefore, area of door is 1.6 m
(iv) Based on design criteria of 1 m/s air flow through door when the door is opened, air flowrate
1.6m x 1.0 m/s x 60 sec x 60 mm = 5,760 CMH
(v) For 3 opened doors, the air quantity
= 5760 CMH x3 = 17,280 CMH

14.8.2.5 Selection of Capacity for Pressurisation Fan


(i) The minimum air required
= (C) + (D)
= 9660 + 17280 CMH = 26,940 CMH

(ii) Add 25% leakage factor (masonry shaft) = 33,675 CMH

Note: If masonry shaft is of reinforced concrete, 10% leakage factor is adequate

(iii) The airflow of fan selected: = 34,000 CMH


f level. Both
accommodation
t lobby, there
. There is one
o account as it
case and fire

doors at 10%
tudy, there will

h pressure relief

4 (MS1472).
erived from

(C)
d, air flowrate

(D)

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