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1 - ME 202 Flow Visualization

Tümcan ŞEN V.Egemen AĞAKAY

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Yunus Cebeci
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182 views3 pages

1 - ME 202 Flow Visualization

Tümcan ŞEN V.Egemen AĞAKAY

Uploaded by

Yunus Cebeci
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IZMIR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Mechanical Engineering

FLUID MECHANICS I

Flow Visualization
Course Assistants
Tmcan EN
V.Egemen AAKAY

Spring 2016
This experiment is prepared to visualize the timelines and the streamlines of the flow around
two plates.
The Armfield Hydrogen Bubble Flow Visualization System is self-contained. The main elements are
a flow table, hydrogen bubble generator console and a comprehensive set of acrylic flow guides and
models. A submerged water pump, which incorporates a unique fluid drive unit, circulates the water
without heavy turbulence into the working section of the flow table. The acrylic models are located onto a
model mounting pillar positioned in the working section. The depth of water in the flow table is
controlled by a set of stop log weirs. A honeycomb flow straightener promotes an even flow throughout
the flow table. The flow rate is variable and is controlled by the speed of the pump. An acrylic light guide
is mounted above the flow channel and works on the principle of internal reflection. It produces a beam of
light below the surface of the water and can be adjusted in a horizontal, vertical or angular direction for
optimum viewing conditions at any point in the channel. The light guide also incorporates an electronic
flash unit and camera mounting position (camera not supplied). The hydrogen bubble generator console
provides all the electrical services for the flow table comprising: mains supply, pump control, light
source, pulse generator. The pulse generator will produce 'on' and 'off' pulses being independently and
continuously variable and displayed on digital meters. The cathode comprises a fine platinum wire, whilst
the anode is incorporated in the metal weir support rod. Output terminals are provided for direct current
connection to the cathode and anode. A further pair of terminals is provided for connection to the light
source. The bubble density is variable with the current to the cathode being displayed on an analogue
ammeter. Switches are provided for the pump speed control and the light source. The hydrogen bubble
technique is based on the generation of small hydrogen bubbles at a fine wire cathode which is positioned
in and normal to the fluid flow. These bubbles are swept from the wire and because of their small size,
follow the flow pattern accurately. A pattern of fine bubbles is observed, made clearly visible by the
specially developed system of illumination. The intensity of light is adequate for photographic recording
using a fast film, or for CCTV. The provision of a pulse generator enables both quantitative and
qualitative analysis. For good flow visualization, a large number of small equi-sized bubbles are required
and the most important factors, which influence the size of the bubbles are:
electric current density
the nature of the aqueous solution
the size of the cathode wire
the velocity of the flow past the wire
All of these can be varied to achieve optimum bubble size.
Theory

Fluid flow is described in general by a vector field in three (for steady flows) or four (for non-
steady flows including time) dimensions. Pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are field lines of different
vector field descriptions of the flow. For steady flow (see below), the three are the same.
Streamlines are a family of curves that are instantaneously tangent to the velocity vector of the
flow.
Streaklines are the locus of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through
a particular spatial point in the past. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along a
streakline.
Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow.
Timelines are the lines formed by a set of fluid particles that were marked at a previous instant in
time, creating a line or a curve that is displaced in time as the particles move.

Experimental Procedure
Place the probe near to the surface
Place the samples
Start the pump and set the flow for good visualization
Visualize the timelines and streamlines

Preparing the Report


1) By using visualization techniques, draw the experimental flow and try to report how the flow
appears.
2) Comment on where the flow accelerates and decelerates and why?

Remember, when preparing your report use the lab report format that is given to you. You can
ask your questions via mail; (egemenagakay@iyte.edu.tr or tumcansen@iyte.edu.tr) or by
coming to our offices (Fluid Mechanics Lab. & Heat and Mass Transfer Lab. #142 )

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