CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
1. GENERAL
1.1 OUTLINE OF STRUCTURE
Project
Client
Location
Structure Name
1.2 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
1.2.1 Unit of Measurment
Unit of measurment in design is in metric/imperial system
1.2.2. Computer Software that is used in design analysis
- MS Excel
1.3 CODE AND STANDARD
1.3.1. General Codes and Standard
- AASHTO 1993
Guide for Design of Pavement Structures
- PCA
Portland Cement Association
- SKBI 1.3.53 - 1987
Indonesian Loading Code for Building
- ACI 318 - 08
Building Code for Structural Concrete
- ASTM
American Society for Testing and Material
1.3.2. Spesific Codes and Standard
- TPP-00-A0-ES-001-R
Design Specification for Civil & Structural
1.4 USED MATERIAL AND ALLOWABLE STRESS
1.4.1 Concrete
Compressive Strength of concrete at 28 days ( Cilinder Test ) shall be as follows ,
unless otherwise specified
fc' > 100 kg/cm2 For Leveling Concrete
fc' = 280 kg/cm2 For Road and Pavement
Concrete Specific Gravity = 2400 kg/m3
1.4.2 Reinforcing Steel Bar
Material Grade Yield Strength ( Min. )
Wiremesh fyw 6000 kg/cm2
Deformed Bar fyd 3200 kg/cm2
Plain Bar fyp 2400 kg/cm2
Steel Specific Gravity = 7850 kg/m3
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
2. ROAD & HEAVY DUTY PAVEMENT DESIGN
UR = 20 years (life time period)
2.1 HEAVY DUTY PAVEMENT AND ROAD - LAYER DESIGN
Pavement : rigid pavement
Sub Base : none see 2.4
Subgrade : compacted soil
see 2.3
CBR min 20%
2.2 EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOAD - ESAL
Axle Load
Vehicles Type Axle Traffic
(ton) (kip)
Single 2.5 5 20 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Light vehicle less than 5 t
Single 2.5 5 20 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Single 4 8 60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Truck Loading HS-20-44 36 t Tandem 16 32 60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Tandem 16 32 60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Single 10 20 1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Single 10 20 1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Truck mounted crane HC-218-J 80 t
Tandem 30 60 1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Tandem 30 60 1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes
Load Equivalent Factor
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
at first assumed D slab thickness is 8 in = 203.2 mm
service ability designed in good condition Pt = 3.0 -0.301 = G then
Vehicles Type Axle Lx L2x x 18 LEF
Single 5 1 1.000 1.137 0.005
Light vehicle less than 5 t
Single 5 1 1.000 1.137 0.005
Single 8 1 1.003 1.137 0.034
Truck Loading HS-20-44 36 t Tandem 32 2 1.211 1.016 1.357
Tandem 32 2 1.211 1.016 1.357
Single 20 1 1.230 1.137 1.516
Single 20 1 1.230 1.137 1.516
Truck mounted crane HC-218-J 80 t
Tandem 60 2 6.142 1.016 13.748
Tandem 60 2 6.142 1.016 13.748
Design ESAL
life time period = 20 years
growth factor g = 2%
Traffic Design
Vehicles Type LEF
current Annual ESAL
20 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 23325.5 0.005 123.368
Light vehicle less than 5 t
20 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 23325.5 0.005 123.368
60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 69976.4 0.034 2405.052
Truck Loading HS-20-44 36 t 60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 69976.4 1.357 94928.328
60 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 69976.4 1.357 94928.328
1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 1166.27 1.516 1768.043
1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 1166.27 1.516 1768.043
Truck mounted crane HC-218-J 80 t
1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 1166.27 13.748 16033.723
1 vehicles/day/week/2 lanes 1166.27 13.748 16033.723
228111.975
W18 0.228 million
Since total W18 ESAL is lower than 1.000.000 then road could be categorized as low-volume. To achieve economical criteria then
jointed type is chosen rather than continuous type. For jointed concrete pavement, JRCP type used due to is advantaged of fewer
joints than JPCP type.
2.3 MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION
from the soil investigation:
assumed backfiling material are clayel gravel or clayel sandy gravel type.
And designed CBR needed for Roadbed is 20%
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
and based on recommended value range of k value
then taken modulus of subgrade around 200 psi/in
2.4 SUBBASE
based on AASHTO Design guide for design of pavement structure 1993, clause 1.6.2
since Total ESAL is 228,111.98 < 1,000,000.00 and the average CBR is higher than 20%
Since additional subbase doesn't needed refer to Code, then subbase layer will be provided with condition of CBR 20%
below the Concrete pavement to achieve design strength requirement
2.5 LOAD TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
Load transfer for jointed reinforced concrete pavement JRCP with dowel bars as transfer joint and
without tied concrete shoulder is J = 3.2 as per recommended by AASHTO at clause 2.4.2
2.6 DRAINAGE COEFFICIENT
Drainage coefficient taken Cd = 1.00 for design at Good quality of drainage, with assumed moisture
levels approching saturation 25% for design purpose.
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
2.7 DESIGN SERVICE LOSS (PSI)
service ability designed in good condition Pt = 3.0
with original or initial service ability for rigid pavement Po = 4.5
based on AAHSTO clause 2.2.1
PSI = Po - Pt = 1.5
2.8 CONCRETE ELASTIC MODULUS
based on ACI 318 clause 8.5.1
concrete strength
fc' = 280 kg/cm2 For Road and Pavement
= 4000 psi
concrete elastic modulus
Ec = 57000(fc psi)^0.5 3604996.532592 psi
2.9 CONCRETE MODULUS OF RUPTURE
based on ACI 318 clause 9.5.2.5
time dependent factor for sustained load = 2 for 5 years or more
ratio of flexural reinforcement due to creep and shrinkage ' ="0.0018 x 420 ###
600
factor = /(1+50) = 1.881
based on ACI 318 clause 9.5.2.3
modulus of rupture fr = 7.5 (fc psi)^0.5 fr = 892.458 psi
2.10 STANDARD DEVIATION AND RELIABILITY
based on AASHTO clause 2.1.3
standard deviation for rigid pavement is So = 0.35
2..11 RELIABILITY
Based on AASHTO PART I Chapter 4
since the ESAL design is low expected the initial cost is low so pavement designed doesn't need maintenance.
Reliability taken 99.9%
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
2.12 RIGID PAVEMENT THICKNESS
thickness of pavement designed with AASHTO Designed chart as follows
minimum thickness rigid pavement slab D min = 5.5 in = 139.7 mm
Assumed D slab thickness is D= = 203.2 mm
Thickness used D= 200 mm
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
2.13 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
there are three variables to determine reinforcement of JRCP type of Rigid Pavement
2.13.1 Slab Length
slab length designed, L 30 m = 98.43 ft
2.13.2 Steel working stress
allowable stell working stress for wire fabric based on material testing
fy = 6072.9 kg/cm2
allowable steel working stress taken 0.75 fy based on AASHTO clause 2.5.1
fya = 4554.675 kg/cm2 = 64.781 ksi
2.13.3 Friction factor
Based on AASHTO Table 2.8
Rigid pavement designed without subbase so friction factor taken from condition frictional resistance between bottom of slab and natural subgrade
friction factor for natural subgrade is 0.9
2.13.4 Reinforcement area
based on figure 3.8 AASHTO
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
percent steel reinforcement Ps = 0.07 %
minimum area of steel reinforcement permeter length
thickness of slab D= 200 mm
length L= 1000 mm
minimum area A min = 140 mm2
Design used double layer wiremesh M6-150 with area = 376.991 mm2 higher than A minimum OK
2.14 JOINT CONNECTION DETAIL
2.14.1 Transverse Joint
Joint opening
coefficient based on AASHTO clause 2.5.2
S= 25 %
c = 6.5E-006
tensile strength = 4(fc^0.5) = 252.42631 Z= 0.0008
L= 1000 mm = 39.37 in
DTd = 104 F -77 F = 27 F
C= 0.65
L = 0.100 in = 2.536 mm
To satisfy joint opening between two panels, the width of joint is about 2xL = 5.07 mm
use joint opening = 10 mm
Dowels
based on AASHTO clause 2.4.2
minimum diameter of Dowel is D/8 Db = 25 mm
with dowel spacing maximum 12in spacing = 304.8 mm
and length minimum 18in length = 457.2 mm
Dowel used Db 25@300 with length 460mm
2.14.2 Longitudinal Joint
Tie bars required is specify :
CALCULATION SHEET FOR ROAD AND
Project No. (REK) PT SEMEN TONASA
10-1026 Rev. 2 Date 1 Dec 2011
PAVEMENT - MAIN ROAD
unit weight of concrete yc = 2400 kg/m3 2.354E-05 N/mm3
D = 200 mm
L' = 3500 mm
fa = 0.9
fs = 266.7 Mpa
As min = 55.606 mm2/m
As used Db = 13 mm As used = 132.73229 mm2
n permeter = 1
spacing = 1000 mm
length = 800 mm
Tiebar used Db 13@1000 with length 800mm
2.15 ILLUSTRATION DRAWING
L = 30m
TRANSVERSE JOINT
Db 25@300, length 460mm
W = 3.5m
LONGITUDINAL JOINT W = 3.5m
Db 13@1000, length 800mm
Design used double layer wiremesh M6-150 with area =376.991mm2
2.16 REFERENCE
D, Norbert. 2008. Concrete Pavement Design, Construction, and Performance. London, Taylor & Francis
Pavement Design Manual. Alberta Transportaion & Utilies. 1997
