Zoology 1

Under Ms. Shea Guinto

Homework:

Chapters 8, 10 & 13

From Zoology 8th Ed. by Miller & Harley

Torres, Elisha Krizel V. January

24, 2017

BS PSYCH 2A
CHAPTER 8: Animal-like Protists: The Protozoa

CONCEPT REVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

1. Which of the following moves by flagella? B. Euglena

2. Ciliates. A. can move by pseudopods.
3. Dinoflagellates. B. Have protective cellulose plates
4. Which of the following groups of protozoans has no
locomotor organelles? A. Apicomplexans
5. Which of the following protozoans possesses an eye
spot for detecting light needed for photosynthesis? B.
Euglenoids

ANALYSIS & APPLICATION QUESTIONS

1. If it is impossible to know for certain the evolutionary

pathways that gave rise to protozoa & animal phyla,
is it worth constructing hypotheses about those
relationships? Why or why not?
For me, I think its worth constructing hypotheses about the
relationships because in order to conclude something you
have to try several ways to confirm it. Constructing
hypotheses about those relationships may lead to
discovering new species or knowing more about the species.

2. In what ways are protozoa similar to animal cells? In

what ways are they different?
Protozoa are similar to animal cells in a way that they are
eukaryotic cells in which they have a nucleus and they have
membrane-bound organelles. They can be motile (using cilia
or flagella to move), or by budding. They use Holozoic mode
of nutrition.

They differ in a way that protozoa are unicellular, they lack

the extracellular matrix of collagen and elastic glycoproteins
in which provides a flexible structure for the bodies of larger
animals.
3. If sexual reproduction is unknown in Euglena, how do
you think this lineage of organisms has survived
through evolutionary time? (Recall that sexual
reproduction provides the genetic variability that
allows species to adapt to environmental change.)
Though the sexual reproduction in Euglena is unknown, the
Euglenoid flagellates are haploid & is produced by
longitudinal binary fission and so, that is how the lineage of
that particular organisms has survived through evolutionary
time.

4. The use of DDT has been greatly curtailed for

ecological reasons. In the past, it has proved to be an
effective malaria deterrent. Many organizations would
like to see this form of mosquito control resumed. Do
you agree or disagree? Explain your reasoning.
I agree to the use of DDT to prevent malaria. It could be a
great help most especially for certain countries and regions
that are affected by this. But, it could only be used if there
are no more options to prevent malaria or control the
mosquitoes. It must be used seldom due to the dangerous
effects of this.

5. If you were travelling out of the country & were

concerned about contracting amoebic dysentery, what
steps could you take to avoid contracting this
disease? How would the precautions differ if you were
going to a country where malaria is a problem?
1. Wash hands with hot soap & water, especially before
eating
2. Eat fruits & vegetables that are washed thoroughly, boiled
or peeled.
3. Drink treated water or boil it
4. Eat food that is served hot & preferably, food that you can
see being prepared.
CHAPTER 10: THE TRIPLOBLASTIC, ACOELOMATE BODY PLAN

CONCEPT REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Bilateral Symmetry is a characteristic of B. Flatworms

2. Animals that are hermaphroditic have B. Both sexes
3. In the life cycle of the fluke responsible for
schistomiasis, larvae from fertilized eggs enter A. A
Human
4. Common intermediate hosts for most flukes areD.
Snails
5. In the flatworm, flame cells are involved in what
metabolic process? D. All of these

ANALYSIS & APPLICATION QUESTIONS

1. Describe the morphological & developmental

similarities & differences between nemerteans &
turbellarians.

NEMERTEANS Similarities TURBELLARIANS

Elongated, Found in Free-lining
flattened marine bottom dweller
worms environment Most are 1cm
Adult worms (sand) long; Tropical
range from a Bilaterally ones may reach
few mm to Symmetrical to 60cm
more than 30m Has body Black, brown
in length musculature and Gray
Pale yellow, organized into Dont have
orange, green 2 to 4 layers respiratory
 or red. Primitive organs
Complete nervous Metabolic
digestive tract system wastes are
Dioecious removed by
Pilidium Larva diffusion
through body
wall
Monoeicious
Cocoons

2. How do parasitic flatworms evade their hosts

immune system?
They evasion consist in the selective activation or
deactivation of certain cell types involved in the immune
system, they show specific antigens on their cell surface or
secrete some enzymes that selectively activate or deactivate
effective ells and components of the immune system.
Another evasion may consist that the parasite hides itself
from the direct action of the immune system by hiding from
the immune system cells and so, they cannot be attacked.

3. How could a zoologist document the complex life

cycle of a digenetic trematode?
A zoologist could document the complex life cycle of a
digenetic trematode through observation of a snail or the
raw sea food.

4. Describe some of the key features of acoelomate

animals.

Key features of acoelomate animals:

Internal cavity for digestion

Bilateral symmetrical
 Organ system organization

CHAPTER 13: THE PSUEDOCOELOMATE BODY PLAN:

ASCHELMINTHES

CONCEPT REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is a major characteristic of the

aschelminthes? A. They possess a fluid-filled body cavity.
2. Many aschelminthes show eutely. A. True
3. Which of the following aschelminths do NOT molt? D.
Both A & B.
4. Which of the following is false with respect to
members of the phylum Rotifera? D. Sexual reproduction
between male and females are common.
5. Which of the following is false with respect to
members of the phylum Nematoda? C. The body wall
has both circular & longitudinal muscles.

ANALYSIS & APPLICATION QUESTIONS

1. Discuss how the structure of the body wall places

limitations on shape change in nematodes.
The body wall only has longitudinal muscles, which reduces
the volume of the fibre-system can contain or the volume of
 the worm is itself in variable, an increase in turgor pressure.
It is this which acts antagonistically to the longitudinal
muscles & accounts for the absence of circular muscles.

2. What characteristics set the Nematomorpha apart

from the Nematoda? What characteristics do the
Nematomorpha share with the Nematoda?

NEMATODA SIMILARITIES NEMATOMORPHA

Triploblastic, They live same Hairlike nature
bilateral, environment and Juveniles are all
vermiform, have the same parasitic in
unsegmented, morphology arthropods; adults
pseudocoelomate are free-living
Body round in Found both in
cross section & running and
covered by a standing water
layered elastic Lack digestive
cuticle; molting organ
usually
accompanies
growth in juveniles
Complete digestive
tract; mouth
usually surrounded
by lips bearing
sense organs
Most with unique
excretory system
comprised of one
or two renette cells
or a set of
collective tubules
Body wall has only
longitudinal
 musclesl.

3. In what respects are the kinorhynchs like nematodes?

How are they like rotifers?
Kinorhynchs are like nematodes which are also like rotifers
because of certain characteristics that they have, like, living
in marine habitats and having some similar characteristics,
like, bilateral symmetry. The three of them have some
features that make them move like the cuticle or cilia or the
snout. The three are pseudocoelmate. Also they have a
complete digestive system. They are common in many
things thus, somehow they are alike.

4. How are nematodes related to the rotifers?

They both live in marine habitats. They have the following
characteristics:
1. Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry, unsegmented and
pseudocoelomate
2. Complete digestive system
Other than the characteristics present in both, they also
came from the phylum Aschelminthes.

5. What environmental factors appear to trigger the

production of mictic females in monogonont rotifers?
Environment like when snows melting, spring rains let the
dormant eggs hatch. By early summer some females have
begun to produce mictic eggs.