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Tugas TPC 2

The document is a 2nd assignment for a digital image processing course submitted by Amalina Nur Shabrina. It contains two questions asking the student to explain why image blurring using different mask sizes produced different results, and to discuss the conditions needed for image subtraction to work in industrial applications to detect missing components. The student provides detailed answers explaining that for the 25x25 mask, the number of bar pixels contained within the mask does not change regardless of mask position due to the bar width and separation matching the mask size. For image subtraction, the student notes that proper registration, controlled illumination, and low noise levels are needed so differences are not affected by variations in these factors.

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155 views2 pages

Tugas TPC 2

The document is a 2nd assignment for a digital image processing course submitted by Amalina Nur Shabrina. It contains two questions asking the student to explain why image blurring using different mask sizes produced different results, and to discuss the conditions needed for image subtraction to work in industrial applications to detect missing components. The student provides detailed answers explaining that for the 25x25 mask, the number of bar pixels contained within the mask does not change regardless of mask position due to the bar width and separation matching the mask size. For image subtraction, the student notes that proper registration, controlled illumination, and low noise levels are needed so differences are not affected by variations in these factors.

Uploaded by

linais_
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2nd Assignment

Digital Image Processing (TEI 510/S-1)


Amalina Nur Shabrina, 14/367339/TK/42483

1. The three images shown were blurred using square averaging masks of sizes n = 23, 25, and
45, respectively. The vertical bars on the left lower part of (a) and (c) are blurred, but a clear
separation exists between them. However, the bars have merged in image (b), in spite of the
fact that the mask that produced this image is significantly smaller than the mask that
produced image (c). Explain this.

ANSWER:
The problem happening in question is related to the horizontal separation between bars, so we
can simplify the problem by considering a single scan line through the bars in the image. Let
us consider the scan line as a cross section of a 25 25 mask with a separation of 20 pixels
wide and a vertical bar of 5 pixels wide. The response of the mask is the average of the pixels
that it encompasses. When the mask moves one pixel to the right, it loses one value of the
vertical bar on the left, but it picks up an identical one on the right, so the response doesnt
change. In fact, the number of pixels belonging to the vertical bars and contained within the
mask does not change, regardless of where the mask is located.
The fact that the number of bar pixels under the mask does not change is due to the
particular separation between bars and the width of the lines in relation to the 25-pixel width
of the mask. This constant response is the reason why no white gaps are seen in the image
shown in the Fig (b). Note that this constant response does not happen with the 2323 or the
4545 masks because they are not synchronized with the width of the bars and their
separation.
Amalina Nur Shabrina Digital Image Processing
14/367339/TK/42483 2nd Assignment

2. Image subtraction is used often in industrial application for detecting missing components in
product assembly. The approach is to store a golden image that corresponds to a correct
assembly; this image is then subtracted from incoming images of the same product. Ideally,
the differences would be zero if the new products are assembled correctly. Difference images
for products with missing components would be nonzero in the area where they differ from
the golden image. What conditions do you think have to be met in practice for this method to
work?

ANSWER:
First thing, we have the golden image, and input image acquired during operation. Change
detection via subtraction is basically computing the simple difference between the golden
image and the input image which makes us have a resulting image. This resulting image can
be used in two ways that could be used for change detection. The first is to use pixel-by-pixel
analysis. In the first case we say that the input image is near to the golden image if all the
pixels in the resulting image fall within specified band area. Usually, the same value of
threshold is used for both negative and positive differences, so that we have a band in which
all pixels of the resulting image must fall in order for the input image to be accepted. The
second approach is to simply sum all the pixels in the resulting image and compare the sum
against a threshold.
There are three fundamental factors that need tight control for difference based
inspection to work proper registration which basically addresses the requirement that
comparisons be made between corresponding pixels. Two images can be identical, but if they
are displaced with respect to each other, comparing the differences between them makes no
sense, controlled illumination because changes in illumination can affect the values in a
difference image. One approach used often in conjunction with illumination control is
intensity scaling based on actual conditions, and noise levels that are low enough so that
difference values are not affected appreciably by variations due to noise.

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