Book with & 2 Audio CDs OFFICIAL EXAMINATION PAPERS FROM = UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE Ee XO 8 Examinations ey CERTIFICATE We eth FOR UPDATED EXAM WITH ANSWERSTest1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Contents Thanks and acknowledgements 4 Introduction = 5 Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 Paper 5 Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 Paper 5 Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 Paper 5 Papert Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4 Paper 5 Reading 8 Writing 14 Use of English 16 Listening 22 Speaking 28 Reading 30 Writing 36 Use of English 38 Listening 44 Speaking 50 Reading 52 Writing 58 Use of English 60. Listening 66 Speaking 72 Reading 74 Writing 80 Use of English 82 Listening 88 Speaking 94 Paper Sframes 95 Paper S frames 98 Paper 5 frames 101 Paper Sirames 104 Marks and results 107 Key and transcript. 116 Key andtranscript 130 Key and transcript 143 Key and transcript 157 Visual materials for Paper 5 colour section Sample answer sheets 171Test 1Test 1 PAPER 1 READING (1 hour) Part 1 You are going to read a magazine article about an artist who paints flowers. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. line 12 An eye for detail Artist Susan Shepherd is best known for her flower paintings, and the large garden that surrounds her house is the source of many of her subjects. It is full of her favourite flowers, most especially varieties of tulips and poppies. Some of the plants are unruly and seed themselves all over the garden. There is a harmony of colour, shape and structure in the two long flower borders that line the paved path which. crosses the garden from east to west. Much of this is due to the previous owners who were keen gardeners, and who left plants that appealed to Susan. She also inherited the gardener, Danny. ‘In fact, it was really his garden,’ she says. ‘We got on. very well. At first he would say, “Oh, it's not worth it” to some of the things I wanted to put in, but when I said I wanted to paint them, he recognised what | had in mind.” Susan prefers to focus on detailed studies of individual plants rather than on the garden as a whole, though she will ‘occasionally paint a group of plants where they are. More usually, she picks them and then takes them up to her studio. ‘I don’t set the whole thing up at once,’ she says. ‘I take one flower out and paint it, which might take a few days, and then | bring in another one and build up the painting that way. Sometimes it takes a couple of years to finish.” Her busiest time of year is spring and early summer, when the tulips are out, followed by the poppies. ‘They all come out together, and you're so busy,’ she says. But the gradual decaying process is. also part of the fascination for her. With tulips, for example, ‘you bring them in and put them in water, then leave them for perhaps a day and they each form themselves into different shapes. They open out and are fantastic. When you first put them in a vase, you think they are boring, but they change all the time with twists and turns.” Susan has always been interested in plants: ‘i did botany at school and used to collect wild flowers from all around the countryside,” she says. ‘I wasn't parti- cularly interested in gardening then; in fact, I didn't like garden flowers, I thought they looked like the ones made of silk or plastic that were sold in some florists’ shops - to me, the only real ones were wild. 1 was intrigued by the way they managed to flower in really awkward places, like cracks in rocks or on cliff tops.’ Nowadays, the garden owes much to plants that originated in far-off lands, though they seem as much at home in her garden as they did in China or the Himalayas. She has a come-what-may attitude to the garden, rather like an affectionate aunt who is quite happy for children to run about undisciplined as Jong as they don’t do any serious damage. With two forthcoming exhibitions to prepare for, and a ready supply of subject material at her back door, finding time to work in the garden has been difficult recently. She now employs an extra gardener but, despite the need to paint, she knows that, to maintain her connection with her subject matter, ‘you have to get your hands dirty’,Paper 1 Reading In the first paragraph, the writer describes Susan's garden as ‘A having caused problems for the previous owners. B having a path lined with flowers. needing a lot of work to keep it looking attractive. D being only partly finished. What does ‘this’ in line 12 refer to? A. the position of the path B the number of wild plants © the position of the garden D_ the harmony of the planting What does Susan say about Danny? A. He felt she was interfering in his work. B He immediately understood her feelings. © He was recommended by the previous owners. D__ He was slow to see the point of some of her ideas. What is Susan's approach to painting? ‘A. She will wait until a flower is ready to be picked before painting it. B_ She likes to do research on a plant before she paints it. © She spends all day painting an individual flower. D_ She creates her paintings in several stages. Susan thinks that tulips A__are more colourful and better shaped than other flowers. B are not easy to paint because they change so quickly. © look best some time after they have been cut. D__ should be kept in the house for as long as possible. Why did Susan enjoy studying wild flowers at school? ‘A She found the way they adapted to their surroundings fascinating. B_ She used the lessons as a good excuse to get out of school She was attracted by their different colours and shapes. D_ She wanted to leam how to make copies of them in material. How does the writer describe Susan's attitude to her garden? A. She thinks children should be allowed to enjoy it. B_ She prefers planting flowers from overseas. © She likes a certain amount of disorder. D_ She dislikes criticism of her planting methods. What point is Susan me in the final paragraph? It's essential to find the time to paint even if there is gardening to be done. It's important not to leave the gardening entirely to other people. It's good to have expert help when you grow plants. It’s hard to do exhibitions if there are not enough plants ready in the garden. com>‘Test 1 Part 2 You are going to read a magazine article about letter writing. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (9-15). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Drop me a line! > i “ay. C | In our fast world of phones, emails and computers, the old-fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. Yet, to me, there ts something about receiving a letter that cannot be matched by any other form of communication, ‘There is the excitement of its arrival, the pleasure of seeing who it is from and, finally, the enjoyment of the contents, Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as | can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thank-you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write oncea week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it ‘was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters, (0. Of course, we also made phone calls but itis the letters | remember most. ‘There were also letters from my boyfriends, In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and J was only able to stay in touch by correspondence. [1H 1 found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. [EAB] ——] And it's even nicer 10 when it’s an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. My overseas letters arrive from Mangala in Sri Lanka, from someone | trained with over 20 years ago, and I have a penfriend in Australia and another in Vancouver. Then there's the lady who writes to me from France. If we hadn't started talking in a restaurant on the way home from holiday, ify husband hadn’t taken her photo and if I hadn't asked her for her address, I would never have been able to write to her. [aS As it is, we now have a regular correspondence. | can improve my French (she speaks no English); we have stayed at her home twice and she has stayed with us. My biggest letter-writing success, however, came this summer, when my family and | stayed with my American penfriend in Texas. [Aa ] Everyone was amazed that a correspondence could last 80 long. The local press even considered the correspondence worth reporting on the front page. am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition, Like my mother before me, | insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes me litte letters, just as I did to my mother. [ERB] However convenient communicating by email may appear to be, I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another ‘lost art’Most of the letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. We had been corresponding for 29 years but had never met. It didn’t matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. Notes are appreciated, but how much better to have a year’s supply of news! Paper 1 Reading Poor handwriting can spoil your enjoyment of a letter. But instead of harming the relationships, letter writing seemed to improve them. She and my son have penfriends of their own in Texas, organised by my pentfriend. More important, if she hadn't replied, we would be the poorer for It. iTest 1 Part3 You are going to read a magazine article in which five people talk about railway journeys. For questions 16-30, choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once, When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which person or people found on returning years later that nothing had changed? 16 was unsure of the number of passengers on the train? [a7] ‘enjoyed the company of fellow passengers? 18 found the views from the train dramatic? 13 20 welcomed a chance to relax on the trip? a ‘was never disappointed by the journey? 22 has a reason for feeling grateful to one special train? travelled on a railway which is no longer in regular service? regretted not going on a particular train trip? Used to travel on the railway whenever possible? Jearnt an interesting piece of information on a train journey? took a train which travelled from one country to another? ‘says that the railway had been looked after by unpaid helpers? 8|[e) [s|(s|[s was once considered not old enough te travel by train? 12Paper 1 Reading On the rails Five celebrities tell Andrew Morgan their favourite memories of railway journeys. COC Ra Cue ee cg | fell in love with the south of France a long time ago and try to get back there as often as I can. There's a local train from Cannes along the coast Which crosses the border with Italy. It takes you past some of the most amazing seascapes, It never matters what the weather is like, or what time of the year it is, itis always enchanting. Out of the other window are some of the best back gardens and residences in the whole of France. You fee! like someone peeping into the property of therich and famous. The travellers themselves are always lively because there isan interesting mix of tourists and locals, all with different itineraries but all admirers of the breathtaking journey. B Bopssccicd Ihave enjoyed so many rail journeys through the years, but if | had to pick a favourite it would be the Nile Valley Express, which runs across the desert of northern Sudan. The one misfortune in my youth, growing up in South Africa, was missing out on a family train journey from Cape ‘Town tothe Kruger National Park. Iwas regarded a5 being too young and troublesome and was sent off to an aunt. When | came to live in England as a teenager, | still hadn't travelled by train. London Waterloo was the first real station | ever saw and its great glass dome filled me with wonder. c BESO C cme Cerin 1am indebted to one train in particular: the Blue Train, which took my husband and me on our honeymoon across France to catch a boat to Egypt. It was on the train that my husband gave me a pink dress, which | thought was absolutely wonderful. Someone happened to mention that pink was good for the brain, and I've never stopped wearing the colour since. What | remember about the journey itself, however, is how lovely it was to travel through France and then by boat up the Nile to Luxor. It was, without a doubt, the perfect way to wind down after all the wedding preparations. PM Martin Brown ~ Journalist ‘We were working on a series of articles based on a round-the-world trip and had to cross a desert inan African country. There wasn’t road, so the only way we could continue our journey was to take what was affectionately known as the Desert Express, The timetable was unreliable — we were just given a day. We also heard that, in any case, the driver would often wait for days to depart if he knew there were people still on their way. When it appeared, there was a sudden charge of what seemed like hundreds of people climbing into and onto the carriages - people were even allowed to travel on the roof free. During the night, the train crossed some of the most beautiful landscapes | have ever seen. It was, like a dream, like travelling across the moon. Nie eet ee Cats | imagine most people's favourite impressions of trains and railways are formed when they are young children, but that's not my case, | was brought up in Singapore and Cyprus, where I saw very few trains, let alone travelled on them. It wasn’t until | was a teenager that trains began to dominate my life. | made a film which featured a railway in Yorkshire. Most of the filming took place on an old, disused stretch of the line which had been lovingly maintained by volunteers That's where my passion for steam trains began. When we weren't filming, we took every ‘opportunity to have a ride on the train, and, when | went back last year, it was as if time had stood still. Everything was still in place, even the gas lights on the station platform! 13Test 1 PAPER 2 WRITING (1 hour 20 minutes) Part 1 You must answer this question. Write your answer in 120-150 words in an appropriate style, 1 Your English friend Bill is a travel writer. He has written a chapter for a guidebook about a town you know well and you have just read it. Read Bill's letter and your notes. Then write a letter to Bill using all your notes. ‘Thanks for agreeing to check the chapter that 've written. Could you let me know what you liked ‘about it? Also, if any of the information is inaccurate, please give me the correct information! And do you think there's anything else I should include? Once again, thanks a tot for reading the chapter. Bill * Tell Bill what | liked about his chapter — places to visit, ... + Give Bill correct information about = parking in city centre — museum opening times + Suggest Bill includes information about nightlife ~ give him detaile ‘Write your letter. You must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and Punctuation in a style appropriate for the situation, Do not write any postal addresses. 14Paper 2 Writing Part 2 Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 120~180 words in an appropriate style. 2 You recently saw this notice in an English language computer magazine. Reviews needed! Do you play computer games? Write us a review of a computer game that you enjoy. Describe the game’s good and bad points and say how easy or difficult it ie to play. Also say what age group it is eultable for. A free game for the best review! Write your review. 3 Your teacher has asked you to write a story for the college English language magazine. The story must begin with the following words: It was only a small mistake but it changed my life for ever. Write your story. 4 Youhave seen the following notice in an international magazine. [ COMPETITION Is i€ better to live in a flat, a modern house or an old house? Write us an article giving your opinions. ‘The best article will be published and the writer will receive £500. Write your article. 5 Answer one of the following two questions based on one of the tities below. (a) Officially Dead by Richard Prescott ‘This is part of a letter from your friend Matthew. ae sapetn Sage is ey In the book ‘Officially Dead’, Colin Fenton doesn’t behave very welt, does he? Do you have any sympathy for him or not? Write and tell me what you think, Matthew Write your letter to Matthew. Do not write any postal addresses. (b) Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Your English teacher has given you this essay for homework. ‘Compare the characters of Mr and Mrs Bennett and say whether you think they have a goad marriage or not. Write your essay.Test 1 PAPER 3 USE OF ENGLISH (45 minutes) Part 1 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 Ajoined Boheld were D took OF, ASRS oa iD: Thomas Edison On the night of 21 October 1931, millions of Americans (0) ..... part in a coast-to-coast ceremony to commemorate the passing of a great man. Lights (1) ..... in homes and offices from New York to California. The ceremony (2) ..... the death of arguably the most important inventor of (3) ..... time: Thomas Alva Edison. Few inventors have (4) ..... such an impact on everyday life, and many of his inventions played a crucial (5) in the development of modern technology. One should never (6) ..... how revolutionary some of Edison's inventions were, In many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor that is, not just someone who (7)... up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of millions. He possessed the key characteristics that an inventor needs to (8) ..... a success of inventions, notably sheer determination. Edison famously tried thousands of materials while working on a new type of battery, reacting to failure by cheerfully (9) ..... to his colleagues: ‘Well, (10) ..... we know 8,000 things that don't work,’ Knowing when to take no (11) ..... of experts is also important. Edison's proposal for electric lighting circuitry was (12) ..... with total disbelief by eminent scientists, until he litup whole streets with his lights.10 4 12 tumed out marked whole put effect underestimate creates gain announcing by far notice gathered came off distinguished full had place lower shapes make informing atleast regard caught ° 9 90°09 went out noted entire served role decrease dreams achieve instructing even though attention drawn Paper 3 Use of English D putot D indicated D all D set D share D mislead D forms D get D notifying D forall D view D received 7Test 1 Part2 For questions 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: Vancouver Vancouver in western Canada is named (0) .#°¢!. Captain George Vancouver of the British Royal Navy. However, Captain Vancouver was not the first European (13) . Visit the area - the coast (14) . already been explored by the Spanish. Nor did Captain Vancouver spend the scenery amazed him and everyone else (16) ......... Was many days there, even (15) .. travelling with him, The scenery still amazes visitors to (17) ......-.. city of Vancouver today. First-time visitors who are (18) .......... Search of breathtaking views are usually directed to a beach about ten minutes (19) the city centre. There, looking out over the sailing boats racing across the blue water, visitors see Vancouver's towering skyline backed by the magnificent Coast Mountains. - one of the world’s The city Is regularly picked by intemational travel associations (20) .. best tourist destinations. They are only confirming what the two million residents and eight million tourists visiting Greater Vancouver (21) ......... single year are always saying: there is simply (22) ......... other place on earth quite (23) ......... it. It's not just the gorgeous setting that appeals to people, (24) also Vancouver's wide range of sporting, cultural and entertainment facilities. 18Part 3 Paper 3 Use of English For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet Example: [0 vir | A job with risks Have you ever got really caught up in the excitement and emotion of a good action film, and wondered in (0) 2m2zer"ent. how film stars manage to perform (25) .......... acts like jumping off buildings or driving at great speed? Of course, itis only a momentary feeling as it is no secret that the real (26) ... a very good (27).......... by standing in for the stars when necessary. The .. are almost invariably stunt men or women, who can earn work is (28) ......«. demanding, and before qualifying for this job they have . their ability in ‘a number of sports including skiing, riding and gymnastics. to undergo a rigorous training programme and (28) ... Naturally, the (30) . of the stunt performer is of the utmost importance. Much depends on the performer getting the timing exactly right so everything is planned down to the (31).......... detail. In a scene which involves a complicated series of actions, there is no time for (32) of getting things right, (39)... film stars, who can, if necessary, film a . mistakes. A stunt man or woman often has only one chance scene (34) ......... Until it gains the director's approval. AMAZE DANGER PERFORM LIVE INCREDIBLE PROOF SAFE TINY CARE LIKE REPEAT 19Test 1 Part4 For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Example: © Avery friendly taxi driver drove us into town. DRIVEN We - a very friendly taxi driver. The gap can be filled by the words ‘were driven into town by’, so you write: Example: | 0| WERE DRIVEN INTO TOWN BY Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 35 ‘Don't sit in front of the computer for too long,’ our teacher told us. WARNED Our teacher in front of the computer for too long. 36 We got lost coming home from the leisure centre. ‘WAY We couldn't a from the leisure centre. 37 Mary didn't find it difficult to pass her driving test. DIFFICULTY Mary had i oii HOF Ariving test. 38 | always trust Carla’s advice. SOMEBODY Carla . advice | always trust.a 42 Paper 3 Use of English We appear to have been given the wrong address, AS It z we have been given the wrong address. | couldn't understand the instructions for my new DVD player. SENSE The instructions for my new DVD player didn't. some ME. It's a pity we didn’t do more sport when | was at school COULD | wish that .. more sport when | was at school. He described the hotel to us in detail DETAILED He of the hotel. 21‘Test 1 PAPER 4 LISTENING (approximately 40 minutes) Part 1 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 4 You overhear a young man talking about his first job. How did he feel in his first job? A. bored B confused C enthusiastic 2 You hear a radio announcement about a dance company. What are listeners being invited to? A ashow B atalk © aparty 3. You overhear a woman talking to a man about something that happened to her. ‘Who was she? A apedestrian B adriver C apassenger 4 You hear a woman talking on the radio about her work making wildlife films. What is her main point? ‘A. Being in the right place at the right time is a matter of luck. B_ More time is spent planning than actually filming. C itis worthwhile spending time preparing. 22Paper 4 Listening & You hear part of a travel programme on the radio. Where is the speaker? A outside a café B bythe sea © onalake 6 You overhear a woman talking about a table-tennis table in a sports shop. What does she want the shop assistant to do about her table-tennis table? A provide her with a new one B have it put together for her give her the money back 7 You hear part of an interview with a businesswoman, ‘What is her business? A. hiring out boats B hiring out caravans © building boats 8 You hear a man talking on the radio, Who is talking? A. anactor Ba journalist © atheatre-goer 23Test 1 Part2 You will hear a radio interview with Mike Reynolds, whose hobby is exploring underground places such as caves. For questions 9-18, complete the sentences Cavers explore underground places such as mines and 8 ‘as welll as caves, When cavers camp underground, they choose places which have [ and 10 | available. In the UK, the place Mike likes best for caving is "1 As a physical activity, Mike compares caving to 42 Cavers can pay as much as £20 for a suitable 13 Cavers can pay as much as £50 for the right kind of 44 |, which is worn on the head. Mike recommends buying expensive 46 | to avoid having accidents. Caving is a sport for people of 46 | and backgrounds. Some caves in Britain are called ‘places of ” lit The need for safety explains why people don't organise caving 24Part 3 Paper 4 Listening You will hear five different people talking about their work on a cruise ship. For questions 19-23, choose from the list (A-F) what each speaker says about their work. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. A One aspect of my job is less interesting than others. My job involves planning for the unexpected. ‘You have to be sociable to do my job. | don’t like routine in my working life. ‘There's not much work to do during the day, | provide passengers with a souvenir of their trip. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 49 25Test 1 Part4 You will hear an interview with a man called Stan Leach whois talking about adventure sports. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer (A, B or C). 24 Stan says that the best thing about walking is that you can A. get fit by doing it. B please yourself how you do it. © doiton your own: 25 Stan's opinion on scrambling is that ‘A people doing it may need to be accompanied. B_ itis unsuitable for beginners. C itis more exciting than walking. 26 What did Stan discover when he went climbing? A. Itwas not enjoyable. B_ {twas harder than he expected. C Itcan be very frightening. 27 What does Stan say about mountain biking? A. Britain is not the best place for it. B__ itis more expensive in Britain than elsewhere. C itis best where there are lots of downhill slopes. 28 Stan's advice on scuba diving is that ‘A. most of the courses for it are good. B itis easier than it seems. you should think carefully before trying it. 26Paper 4 Listening 29 What is Stan’s view of skydiving? ‘A. tis surprisingly popular. B itis best when done in teams. © Only certain types of people like tt. 30 What does Stan say about canoeing? A Youcan doit in conditions that suit you. B itis best at certain times of the year. There are few places in Britain to doit. 27Test 1 PAPER 5 SPEAKING (14 minutes) You take the Speaking test with another candidate, referred to here as your partner. There are two examiners. One will speak to you and your partner and the other will be listening. Both examiners will award marks. Part 1 (3 minutes) The examiner asks you and your partner questions about yourselves. You may be asked about things like ‘your home town’, ‘your interests’, ‘your career plans’, etc, Part 2 (a one-minute ‘long turn’ for each candidate, plus 20-second response from the second candidate) The examiner gives you two photographs and asks you to talk about them for one minute. The examiner then asks your partner a question about your photographs and your partner responds briefly. Then the examiner gives your partner two different photographs. Your partner talks about these photographs for one minute. This time the examiner asks you a question about your partner’s photographs and you respond briefly. Part 3 (approximately 3 minutes) The examiner asks you and your partner to talk together. You may be asked to solve a problem or try to come to a decision about something. For example, you might be asked to decide the best way to use some rooms in a language school. The examiner gives you a picture to help you but does not join in the conversation. Part 4 (approximately 4 minutes) ‘The examiner asks some further questions, which leads to a more general discussion ‘of what you have talked about in Part 3. You may comment on your partner's answers if you wish.Test 2 PAPER 1 READING (1 hour) Part 1 You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. line 13 line 23 MES it ste iy tlie hooked fale ag of Seymours daughe, Mars ba claimed ro be some sx years older, came to his fctory one day. She was dresed in overall and ughy big shoes, and a bush of way hair famed her prety fice. She was s0 tiny, so young, hit he could barely believe thi she was at the Univensity of Pennsylvania, doing research into the leather industry in New JJeney for her Master's degree Thee or four times a year someone either phoned Seymour or wrote to him to ask perm his factory, and occasionally he would assist a student by answering questions over the phone or, if the student struck hint as especially serious, by offering.a brief tous Rita Cohen was nearly a small, he thought, as the childeen from Marie’s third-year class, who'd been brought the 50 kilometres from their rural schoolhouse one day, all those years ago, so that Marie's daddy could show them how be made gloves, show them especially Marie's favourite spot, the laying-off table, where, at the end of the process, the men shaped and pressed each and every glove by pulling it carefully down over steam-heated brass hands. The hands were dangerously hor and they were shiny and they stuck stright up fiom the table in a row, tin-looking, like hands thar had been fattened. As a little gl, Marie ‘was captivated by theie strangeness and called them the ‘pancake hands’ He heard Rica asking, ‘How many pieces come in a shipment?’ “How many? Between twenty and re thousand.’ She continued taking notes as she asked, ‘They come direct to your shipping depart He liked finding that she was interested in every lst det. “They come to the tannery. The tannery is a contractor. We buy the material and they make it into the right kind of leather for us eo work with, My grinddither and fither worked in the tannery sight herein town, So did I, for sx months, when fserted. working in the business. Ever been inside a tannery?’ ‘Nor yet” ‘Well, you've got to go to a tannery if you're going to wate about leather. CU set that up for you if you'd like. They're primitive plces. The teclinology has improved things, but what you'l seein thar dfferene from what you'd have seen hundceds ‘of yeats ago, Awfil work. I's said to be the oldest industry of which remains have been found anywhere, Siv-thousand-year-old relics of tanning found somewhere — Turkey, I believe. The first clothing was just skins that were tanned by smoking them. I gold you je was an interesting subject once you get into it. My father is the leather scholar; he’s the one you should be talking to, Stare my father off about gloves and he'll talk for two days. That's typical, by the way: glovemen love the trade and everything about it. Tell me, have you ever seen anything being manufictired, Miss Cohen? ‘I can't say Uhave.' ‘Never seen anything made? *Savw my mother make a cake when I was 3 child. He laughed. She had made him laugh. An innocent with spirit, eager to lara, His daughter was easily Wm taller than Rita Cohen, fiir where she was dark, but otherwise Rita Cohea had begs to remind bhim of Marie. The good-natured intelligence that would just waft out of her and into the house when she came home fiom school, fll of what she'd learned in class. How she remembered everything, Everything neatly taken down in her notebook and memorised overnight. itll you whar we're going to do. We'ee going to bring you right ehrough the whole proces. Come fon. We're going to make you a pair of gloves and you're going to wateh them being made from start to finish, What size do you wear?”Paper 1 Reading What was Seymour's first impression of Rita Cohen? A. She reminded him of his daughter. B_ She was rather unattractive. © She did not look like a research student. She hadn't given much thought to her appearance. ‘Seymour would show students round his factory if A he thought they were genuinely interested. B._ they telephoned for permission. they wrote him an interesting letter. D their questions were hard to answer by phone. What did Seymour's daughter like most about vi ‘A watching her father make gloves B__ helping to shape the gloves making gloves for her schoolfriends D seeing the brass hands ing the factory? The word ‘shiny’ in line 13 describes A. the look of the hands. B_ the size of the hands. C_ the feel of the hands. D_ the temperature of the hands. What does ‘that’ in line 23 refer to? A the tannery business B a visit toa tannery C writing about leather D__ working with leather ‘Seymour says that most tanneries today A have been running for over a hundred years. B_ are located in very old buildings. Care dependent on older workers. D still use traditional methods. What does Seymour admire about his father? educational background B_ his knowledge of history Chis enthusiasm for the business D his skill as a glovemaker When she was a schoolgirl, Marie made her parents laugh. was intelligent but lazy. easily forgot what she had learned. was hard-working and keen voa> 31Test2 Part 2 You are going to read a newspaper article about human beings getting taller. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (9-15). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. l’s true - we’re all getting too big for our boots Chris Greener was fourteen when he told his careers teacher he wanted to join the navy when he left school ‘What do you want to be? asked the teacher. “The flagpole on a ship?” The teacher had a point ~ because Chris, though still only fourteen, wasalready almost two metres tall. Today, at 228 em, he is Britain’s tallest man, Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre, Every year, more and more truly big people are born. Intriguingly, this does not mean humanity is producing a new super race. [ST of generations of poor diet Only now are we losing the effects ic effects. “We are only now beginning to fulfil our proper potent palacontologist Professor Chris Stringer. ‘We are becoming Cro-Magnons again ~ the people who lived on this planet 40,000 years ago.” with drama For most of human history, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: women gathered herbs, fruits and berries, while men supplemented, these with occasional kills of animals (a way of life still, adopted by the world’s few remaining tribes of hunter- gatherers). [400] Then about 9,000. years ago, agriculture was Invented ~ with devastating consequences, Most of the planet's green places have been gradually taken over by farmers, with the result that just three carbohydrate-rich plants und maize ~ provide more than half of the calories consumed by the human race today. wheat, rice etl ] Over the centuries we have lived on soups. poridges and breads that have left us underfed and underdeveloped. In one study in Ohio. scientists discovered that when they began to grow com, healthy hunler-gatherers were turned into sickly, underweight farmers. Tooth decay increased. 32 as did diseases. Far irom being one of the blessings of the New World, com was a public inealth disaster. according to some anthropologists. az The fact that most people relying on this system are poorly nourished and stunted has only recently been tackled, even by the world’s wealthier nations, Only in Europe, the US and Japan are di again reflecting the richness of our ancestors’ diets. Asa result, the average man in the US js now 179 em, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 em. It is a welcome trend, though not without its own problems 13 A standard bed-length has remained at 190 em since 1860, Even worse, leg-room in planes und trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, while clothes manufacturers are constantly having to revise their range of products, ‘The question is: where will tall end? We cannot grow for ever. [4a [| But what is i? According to Robert Fogel, of Chicago University, it could be as much as 193 em ~ and we are likely to reach it some time this century However, scientists add one note of qualification Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition, but as a species we are actually shrinking. During the last ise age, 10,000 years ago, members of the human race were slightly rounder and taller ~ an evolutionary response to the cold. (Large, round bodies are best at keeping in heat.) [9S] ] And as the planet continues to heat up, we may shrink even further. In other words. the growth of human beings could be offset by global warmingPaper 1 Reading We must have some programmed upper limit As they benefit from the changes in agriculture, people expect te have this wide variety of foods available In fact, we are returning to what we were like as cavemen, ‘This poor diet has had a disastrous effect on buman health and physique. Since the climate warmed, we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller, even when properly fed. Nevertheless, from then on agriculture spread because a pices of farmed land could support ten times the number of people who had previously lived off it as hunter-gatherers. ‘One research study found that they based their diet on 85 different wild plants, for example. Heights may have risen, but the world has not moved on, it seems, 33Test 2 Part3 ‘You are going to read an article about guidebooks to London. For questions 16-30, choose from the guidebooks (A-F). The guidebooks may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer Is required, these may be given in any order. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Of which guidebook(s) is the following stated? itis frequently revised. Itis quite expensive. WT {ts appearance is similar to other books by the same publisher. It contains some errors. Itis reasonably priced. It shows great enthusiasm for the city. It has always been produced with a particular market in mind. itis written by people who have all the latest information. Itis written in a friendly style. It is part of the first series of its kind to be published. It omits some sights which should be included. It contains more information than other guides. It might appeal to London residents. Its information about places to eat Is enjoyable to read. 34Paper 1 Reading London Guidebooks Visitors to London, which has so much to offer, need all the help they can get. Alastair Bickley takes his pick of the capital’s guidebooks. Guidebook A Informal and familiar in tone, this valuable book has much to offer. Produced by the same people who put together London's principal listings magazine, this is right up to date with what's happening in the city — very much its home ground. It is concise enough to cater for those staying for just a couple of days, yet covers all areas of interest to visitors in’ an admirably condensed and approachable way. On balance, this is the single most handy book to have with you in London. Guidebook B This book is beautifully illustrated, with cutaway diagrams of buildings and_ bird’s-eye-view itineraries rather than plain maps. This is a model of the clear, professional design that is the recognisable trademark of this series. Its overage of the main sights is strong, and visually it's a real treat — a delight to own as a practical guide. t’sa bit pricey but well worth a look when you visit the bookshop. Guidebook C Probably the best-suited for a longish stay in the city. This guide surpasses its competitors in its sheer depth of knowledge and in the detail it provides. It’s particularly handy for the thorough stroller with plenty of time on his or her hands, covering virtually every building or monument of any interest ~ and with well-drawn maps of each area, Its coverage of all types of restaurants, which encourages you to go out and try them, can also be appreciated from the comiort of your armchair Guidebook D It is astonishing — and perhaps the greatest tribute one can pay to London as a city ~ that it’s, possible fo have a high-quality holiday there and scarcely spend anything on admission charges. In this guide, the obvious bargains (National Gallery, British Museum, etc.) are almost lost among an impressive range of places which cost nothing to visit. It should pay more attention to the numerous wonderful churches in the City of London but otherwise this is a must for the seriously budget-conscious or the Londoner who is looking ior something different (ike me), The book itself isn’t quite free, but at £4.95 you have to admit it’s not far off it. Guidebook E This is the latest in the longest-standing series of budget guides and, unlike its competitors, it is still definitely aimed at young backpackers. Its description of the sights is less detailed than most and the accuracy of some of the information is surprisingly poor for such a regularly updated publication. However, it manages to cram in everything of significance, and is sirongly weighted towards practicalities and entertainment Guidebook F Here is a guide which comes with a distinct personality rather than following the style of the series to which it belongs. It is chatty, companionable, opinionated, crammed full of history and anecdotes as well as practical information. I can best describe the experience (for that’s what it is) of reading this book as follows: imagine arriving in town and being taken in hand by a local who is determined to show you the best of everything and to give you the benefit of their considerable experience of a city for which they obviously hold a passion. It’s areal delight. 35