DLP PROJECTORS

ACKOWLEDGEMET

First and Foremost I thank GOD Almighty for His divine grace and

blessings in making all this possible. May He continue to lead me in the years to

come.

I am grateful to our respected Mr. Rajan Joseph, Principal of the college

for his support.

I express my sincere gratitude Mr. Elias Janson K , Head of Department

of Electronics and Communication, for his guidance and support to shape this

paper in a systematic way.

I am also greatly indebted to my Class Tutors Mr. Sreekanth M. and

Miss. Elsa Baby and my Seminar Coordinator Mrs. Leena Thomas,

Department of ECE for their valuable suggestions in the preparation of the paper.

In addition I would like to thank all staff members of ECE department and

all my friends of S7 ECE for their suggestions and constructive criticism.

Last, but not the least, I would like to thank my parents who supported me

with their love and encouragement for the completion of this seminar.

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ABSTRACT

DLP projectors are the world’s only all-digital solution. DLP projectors consist of

DMD chip technology, which was invented by Dr Larry Hornbeck of Texas

Instruments who had been exploring the manipulation of reflected light since

1977.

A DLP projector consists of tiny mirrors that are embedded in the DMD

chips. These tiny mirrors reflect the light falling on them and are projected on the

screen using a projection lens.

Advantages:

Slimmest of all types of projectors available.

Achieves excellent contrast ratio

Does not experience screen door effect .

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COTETS

1. INTRODUCTION……………………….……………...5

2. WHAT IS DLP?............................................................. 11

3. DLP‘s ORIGIN…………………………………………13

4. COMPONENTS OF DLP………………………………14

5. HOW DLP WORKS………………………………...... 18

6. LCD Vs DLP………………………………………...… 23

7. STRENGHTS..........…………………………….…..…...24

8. WEAKNESSES…………………………………...….... 25

9. FUTURE USES…………………………………...…... 27

10. CONCLUSION…………………………………...….… 27

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………….….30

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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Single chip DLP……………….. 7

2. Colour Wheel…………………. 16

3. DMD chip……………………... 17

4. Working of DMD……………… 19

5. Aluminum mirrors………...…... 20

6. Pixilation……………...……….. 23

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ITRODUCTIO

A digital projector, also called a digital projection display

system, is a specialized computer display that projects an enlarged image on a

movie screen. They are commonly used in presentations. The term digital

projector is sometimes used for a program that facilitates the viewing of three-

dimensional (3D), interactive, full-motion audio-visual files on a personal

computer.

The very old projector is the CRT tubes. The cathode ray

tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons)

and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and

deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted

from the fluorescent screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms

(oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others.

Color CRTs have three separate electron guns (shadow mask) or electron guns

that share some electrodes for all three beams (Sony Trinitron, and licensed

versions).The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, deep,

heavy, and relatively fragile. Display technologies without these disadvantages,

such as flat plasma screens, liquid crystal displays, DLP, OLED displays have

replaced applications CRTs in many and are becoming increasingly common.

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There are two main types of digital projection display

systems. The older, less expensive type employs three transparent liquid-

crystal-display (LCD) panels, one for each of the primary colors (red, green,

and blue).

The light transmittivity of each pixel varies depending

on the image data received from the computer. The light from a lamp is

directed through the LCD panels, collimated using a lens, and projected onto a

screen. To display images, LCD (liquid crystal display) projectors typically

send light from a Metal halide lamp through a prism that separates light to

three poly silicone panels -- one each for the red, green, and blue components

of the video signal. As polarized light passes through the panels (combination

of polarizer, LCD panel and analyzer), individual pixels can be opened to

allow light to pass or closed to block the light. The combination of open and

closed pixels can produce a wide range of colors and shades in the projected

image.

A newer, more expensive scheme is known as

Digital Light Processing (DLP), a proprietary technology developed by Texas

Instruments. In a DLP display, tiny mirrors are used instead of transparent

panels. Each mirror represents one pixel. The light, rather than passing through

the panel, is reflected from it. The mirrors move back and forth, varying the

amount of light that reaches the projection lens from each pixel. Color is

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obtained by passing the light from the lamp through a rotating wheel with red,

green, and blue filters. This subjects the mirrors to light at each of the primary

colors in a rapid rotating sequence. The result is a color-modulated image that

the human eye sees as natural color. Advantages of DLP technology include

light weight, high contrast, and lack of pixilation.

There are two types of DLP projectors, single chip

DLP projector and three chip DLP projectors.

Interior view of a single-chip DLP projector,

showing the light path. Light from the lamp enters a
reverse-fisheye, passes through the spinning color
wheel, crosses underneath the main lens, reflects off
a front-surfaced mirror, and is spread onto the DMD
(red arrows). From there, light either enters the lens
(yellow) or is reflected off the top cover down into a
light-sink (blue arrows) to absorb unneeded light.
Top row shows overall components, close-ups of 4-
segment RGBW color wheel, and light-sink
diffuser/reflection plate on top cover.

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In a projector with a single DLP chip, colors are either

produced by placing a color wheel between the lamp and the DLP chip or by using

individual light sources to produce the primary colors, LEDs for example. The

color wheel is divided into multiple sectors: the primary colors: red, green, and

blue, and in many cases secondary colors including cyan, magenta, yellow and

white. The use of the secondary colors is part of the new color performance system

called Brilliant Color which processes the primary colors along with the secondary

colors to create a broader spectrum of possible color combinations on the screen.

The DLP chip is synchronized with the rotating motion

of the color wheel so that the green component is displayed on the DMD when the

green section of the color wheel is in front of the lamp. The same is true for the

red, blue and other sections. The colors are thus displayed sequentially at a

sufficiently high rate that the observer sees a composite "full color" image. In early

models, this was one rotation per frame. Now, most systems operate at up to 10x

the frame rate. A single-chip projector alternates between colors and produces

separate red, green, and blue images when displaying a moving image, or in this

case, illuminating a moving hand.

DLP projectors utilizing a mechanical spinning color

wheel may exhibit an anomaly known as the “rainbow effect”. This is best

described as brief flashes of perceived red, blue, and green "shadows" observed

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most often when the projected content features high contrast areas of moving

bright/white objects on a mostly dark/black background.

The scrolling end credits of many movies are a common

example, and also in animations where moving objects are surrounded by a thick

black outline. Some people perceive these rainbow artifacts frequently, while

others may never see them at all. The effect varies with the rotational speed of the

color wheel and the frame refresh rate of the video signal. There is a maximum

rotational speed limit for the wheel, typically 10,000 to 15,000 RPM. Video frame

rate is usually measured in frames per second and must be multiplied by 60 to find

the wheel speed, whereas 60 frames/sec equals 3,600 frames/minute. If the color

wheel spins 4 times per frame, it is rotating at a speed of 14,400 RPM. (Projector

specifications often list the wheel speed at specific frame rates as 2x, 3x, 4x, etc.)

Increasing the video refresh rate to 85 frames per second does not necessarily

further reduce the rainbow effect since this rate would increase the wheel speed to

20,400 RPM, potentially exceeding the safe limits of wheel rotation and requiring

the projector to drop back to 3x speed, at 15,300 RPM.

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Three-chip projectors

A three-chip DLP projector uses a prism to split light

from the lamp, and each primary color of light is then routed to its own DLP chip,

then recombined and routed out through the lens. Three chip systems are found in

higher-end home theater projectors, large venue projectors and DLP Cinema

projection systems found in digital movie theaters.

According to DLP.com, the three-chip projectors used

in movie theaters can produce 35 trillion colors, which many suggest is more than

the human eye can detect. The human eye is suggested to be able to detect around

16 million colors, which is theoretically possible with the single chip solution.

However, this high color precision does not mean that three-chip DLP projectors

are capable of displaying the entire gamut of colors we can distinguish (this is

fundamentally impossible with any system composing colors by adding three

constant base colors). In contrast, it is the one-chip DLP projectors that have the

advantage of allowing any number of primary colors in a sufficiently fast color

filter wheel, and so the possibility of improved color gamut is available.

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WHAT IS A DLP?

DLP is the world’s only all-digital display solution.

DLP technology uses an optical semiconductor, known as the Digital Micro mirror

Device, or DMD chip to recreate source material. DLP technology is based on an

optical semiconductor, called a Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD), which uses

mirrors, made of aluminum to reflect light to make the picture. The DMD is often

referred to as the DLP chip. The chip can be held in the palm of your hand, yet it

can contain more than 2 million mirrors each, measuring less than one-fifth the

width of a human hair. The mirrors are laid out in a matrix, much like a photo

mosaic, with each mirror representing one pixel.

Before any of the mirrors switch to their on or off

positions, the chip will rapidly decode a bit-streamed image code that enters

through the semiconductor. It then converts the data from interlaced to

progressive, allowing the picture to fade in. Next, the chip sizes the picture to fit

the screen and makes any necessary adjustments to the picture, including

brightness, sharpness and color quality. Finally, it relays all the information to the

mirrors, completing the whole process in just 16 microseconds.

The mirrors are mounted on tiny hinges that enable

them to tilt either toward the light source (ON) or away from it (OFF) up to +/-

12°, and as often as 5,000 times per second. When a mirror is switched on more

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than off, it creates a light gray pixel. Conversely, if a mirror is off more than on,

the pixel will be a dark gray.

The light they reflect is directed through a lens and

onto the screen, creating an image. The mirrors can reflect pixels in up to 1,024

shades of gray to convert the video or graphic signal entering the DLP into a

highly detailed grayscale image. DLPs also produce the deepest black levels of

any projection technology using mirrors always in the off position.

To add color to that image, the white light from the lamp passes through a

transparent, spinning color wheel, and onto the DLP chip. The color wheel,

synchronized with the chip, filters the light into red, green and blue. The on and

off states of each mirror are coordinated with these three basic building blocks of

color. A single chip DLP projection system can create 16.7 million colors.

Each pixel of light on the screen is red, green or blue at any given moment. The

DLP technology relies on the viewer’s eyes to blend the pixels into the desired

colors of the image.

For example, a mirror responsible for creating a purple

pixel will only reflect the red and blue light to the surface. The pixel itself is a

rapidly, alternating flash of the blue and red light. Our eyes will blend these

flashes in order to see the intended hue of the projected image. A DLP Cinema

projection system has three chips, each with its own color wheel that is capable of

producing no fewer than 35 trillion colors. In a 3-chip system, the white light

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generated from the lamp passes through a prism that divides it into red, green and

blue. Each chip is dedicated to one of these three colors. The colored light that the

mirrors reflect is then combined and passes through the projection lens to form an

image.

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DLP'S ORIGIS

The DMD chip was invented in 1987 by TI scientist Larry

Hornbeck, who had been exploring the manipulation of reflected light since 1977.

In 1992, TI started a project to explore the DMD's commercial viability. A year

later, it named the new technology DLP and formed a separate group (now called

the DLP Products division) to develop commercial display applications. In 1994,

TI demonstrated prototype DLP projectors for the first time.

The technology's promise was quickly recognized. In 1997, the Academy of

Motion Picture Arts and Sciences chose DLP to project film at the Oscars, where

the first three-chip DLP technology was demonstrated to the Hollywood

community.

In 1999, DLP Cinema was first demonstrated to the public

with the release of Star Wars Episode I: the Phantom Menace. By December 2002,

TI had shipped 2 million DLP subsystems.

DLP Products has also received two Emmy Awards, for broadcast excellence in

1998 and for technology and engineering in 2003. In 2002, Hornbeck was elected

a fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering and received the

David Sarnoff Medal from the Society of Motion Picture and Television

Engineers.

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COMPOETS OF A DLP PROJECTOR

The DLP projector comprises of the light source, colour

wheel, DMD chip and the projection lens.

The light source mainly used in the DLP projector is the metal halide lamp.Metal

halide lamps, a member of the high-intensity discharge (HID) family of lamps,

produce high light output for their size, making them a compact, powerful, and

efficient light source.

Originally created in the late 1960s for industrial use,

metal halide lamps are now available in numerous sizes and configurations for

commercial and residential applications. Like most HID lamps, metal halide lamps

operate under high pressure and temperature, and require special fixtures to

operate safely. They are also considered a "point" light source, so

reflective luminaries are often required to concentrate the light for purposes of the

lighting application.For metal-halide lamps, during start-up, the lamp is "ignited"

by a 5000 Volt pulse from a current-regulating ballast to initiate an arc between

two electrodes in the quartz tube. After warm up, the ballast's output voltage drops

to approximately 60 Volts while keeping the relative current high. As the lamp

ages, the arc tube's electrodes wear out and light output declines somewhat while

waste heating of the lamp increases. When a metal-halide lamp is operated past its

rated lifespan, the efficiency declines significantly, the link cast may become

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uneven, and the lamp starts to operate extremely hot, to the point that the power

wires can melt off the lamp terminals.

The next component is the colour wheel. The colour

wheel adds colour to the pictures to be projected. The colour wheel is a transparent

wheel that has the primary colours (red, green and blue). It is rotated at a very high

speed of 10000 to 15000 rpm using a motor. It splits white light to the primary

colours. It is used as a light splitter. The colour wheel is placed between the light

source and the DMD. . The control input delivers separate signals for each of the

three colors, and each mirror (i.e., each pixel) is switched on and off as the filter

rotates each color between the lamp and DMD.

Colour wheel

The next and the very important component of the

DLP projector is the DMD chip. It is an optical semiconductor that is the core of

the DLP projection technology. The Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD) is an

array of individually addressable micro machined mirrors fabricated on a matching

array of SRAM cells.

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The DMD chip contains not one but an array of up to

2.1 million microscopic mirrors, each just 16 micrometers square (less than one-

fifth the size of a human hair) and 1 micrometer apart. The DMD chip is driven by

a digital video or graphic signal in which each digital pixel corresponds to a single

mirror on the DMD. For example, to project a yellow pixel, a mirror will reflect

only red and green light to the projection surface. To project a yellow pixel, that

mirror will be switched off while the blue filter is in position, and the red and

green flashes will alternate so rapidly, our brains will blend them together and

we'll see yellow.This process allows a DLP system to produce up to 16.1 million

colors.

For very large projection, such as in movie

theaters and auditoriums, a more sophisticated system uses three DMD chips, one

for each color, plus an optical prism. The prism splits white light into colors and

then recombines the three images before sending them through the projection lens.

This system, called DLP Cinema, can produce 35 trillion colors. Each mirror is

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mounted on tiny hinges, so it can be tilted 12 degrees toward or away from the

light source, creating a light or dark pixel on the projection surface. The control

electronics direct each mirror to tilt - in other words, to switch on and off -- up to

5,000 times per second. When a mirror is switched on more frequently than off, it

reflects a light gray pixel; a mirror that's switched off more often reflects a darker-

gray pixel. This lets DLP project up to 1,024 shades of gray. A DMD chip has on

its surface several hundred thousand microscopic mirrors arranged in a rectangular

array which correspond to the pixels in the image to be displayed. The mirrors can

be individually rotated ±10-12°, to an on or off state. In the on state, light from the

projector bulb is reflected into the lens making the pixel appear bright on the

screen. In the off state, the light is directed elsewhere (usually onto a heat sink),

making the pixel appear dark.

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HOW DLP WORKS

In essence, DLP is a nanotechnology implementation of

the old survival technique of using a mirror to signal for help -- its purpose is to

shine a controlled series of light flashes on a target to send a message.

The mirror in this case is part of an optical semiconductor

called a digital micro mirror device, or DMD. The DMD chip contains not one but

an array of up to 2.1 million microscopic mirrors, each just 16 micrometers square

(less than one-fifth the size of a human hair) and 1 micrometer apart.

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The DMD chip is driven by a digital video or

graphic signal in which each digital pixel corresponds to a single mirror on the

DMD. Add a light source and a projection lens, and the mirrors can reflect a

digital image onto a viewing screen or other surface. Each mirror is mounted on

tiny hinges, so it can be tilted 12 degrees toward or away from the light source,

creating a light or dark pixel on the projection surface. The control electronics

direct each mirror to tilt - in other words, to switch on and off -- up to 5,000 times

per second. When a mirror is switched on more frequently than off, it reflects a

light gray pixel; a mirror that's switched off more often reflects a darker-gray

pixel. This lets DLP project up to 1,024 shades of gray.

To get color, such as for a TV set, a rotating color wheel

(with red, green and blue filters) is put between the white light source and the

DMD. The control input delivers separate signals for each of the three colors, and

each mirror (i.e., each pixel) is switched on and off as the filter rotates each color

between the lamp and DMD.

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For example, to project a yellow pixel, a mirror will reflect only red and green

light to the projection surface. To project a yellow pixel, that mirror will be

switched off while the blue filter is in position, and the red and green flashes will

alternate so rapidly, our brains will blend them together and we'll see yellow. This

process allows a DLP system to produce up to 16.1 million colors. Older DLP

systems also included a clear segment to bump up overall brightness at the

expense of color saturation Consumer-grade television monitors use the system

described above. For very large projection, such as in movie theaters and

auditoriums, a more sophisticated system uses three DMD chips, one for each

color, plus an optical prism. The prism splits white light into colors and then

recombines the three images before sending them through the projection lens. This

system, called DLP Cinema, can produce 35 trillion colors. DLP technology relies

on the Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD), a thumbnail-sized semiconductor. The

DMD device acts as a light switch consisting of up to 1.3 million microscopic

mirrors, each of which is able to tilt back and forth (on or off) at up to 5,000 times

per second.

Incoming video or graphic signals are turned into a

digital code of binary data (0s and 1s) that tilts the DMD mirrors accordingly.

When the DMD panel is coordinated with a lamp, color wheel and projection lens,

these tilting mirrors combine to reflect a seamless digital image onto a

presentation wall, movie screen, or television screen. Two pairs of electrodes

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control the position of the mirror by electrostatic attraction. Each pair has one

electrode on each side of the hinge, with one of the pairs positioned to act on the

yoke and the other acting directly on the mirror. The majority of the times, equal

bias charges are applied to both sides simultaneously. Instead of flipping to a

central position as one might expect, this actually holds the mirror in its current

position. This is because attraction force on the side the mirror is already tilted

towards is greater, since that side is closer to the electrodes..

To move the mirrors, the required state is first loaded into

an SRAM cell located beneath each pixel, which is also connected to the

electrodes. Once all the SRAM cells have been loaded, the bias voltage is

removed, allowing the charges from the SRAM cell to prevail, moving the mirror.

When the bias is restored, the mirror is once again held in position, and the next

required movement can be loaded into the memory cell.

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The bias system is used because it reduces the voltage

levels required to address the pixels such that they can be driven directly from the

SRAM cell, and also because the bias voltage can be removed at the same time for

the whole chip, so every mirror moves at the same instant. The advantages of the

latter are more accurate timing and a more filmic moving image.

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LCD Vs DLP

LCD

LCD has a slim profile. It is lighter and less bulky than rear-

projection televisions. Is less susceptible to burn-in: Burn-in refers to the

television displaying a permanent ghost-like image due to constant, prolonged

display of the image. Light-emitting phosphors lose their luminosity over time

and, when frequently used, the low-luminosity areas become permanently visible.

LCDs reflect very little light, allowing them to maintain contrast levels in well-lit

rooms and not be affected by glare. They have slightly lower power usage than

equivalent sized Plasma displays. They can be wall-mounted.

DLP

DLP is the slimmest of all types of projection televisions. It

achieves excellent black level and contrast ratio. DMD chip can be easily repaired

or replaced. DLPs are not susceptible to burn-in. Better viewing angles than those

of CRT projectors. Image brightness only decreases due to the age of the lamp.

Defective pixels are rare.DLP does not experience the screen-door effect. DLP

projector includes excellent color accuracy, no "screen door" effect (as with LCD),

due to its micro-mirror construction, compactness, low power consumption, and

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high contrast and brightness (although typically not as bright as LCD types but

much "smoother" looking). DLP technology is superior to LCD projection in

numerous ways. Digital Light Processing technology ensures that every pixel on

your projected image gets exactly the same amount of light; there is no fading

around the edges of the screen, and colors look sharp. Also, DLP consists of one

single chip, instead of three bulky LCD panels, resulting in smaller projectors

without any loss of image quality. Reduced pixilation is another benefit of DLP.

LCDs were always known for their visible pixel structure, often referred to as the

screen door effect because it appears as though the picture is being viewed through

a screen door. Inherently, DLP will always give you the better visual image, and

retain its image quality over time for an overall lower cost of ownership.

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STREGHTS

Brighter: DLP projectors are among the brightest available because DLP

technology brings more light from lamp to screen, resulting in more effective

presentations-even when ambient light is difficult to control.

Sharper: DLP projection's unique reflective technology comes closest to

producing the exact mirror image of an incoming video or graphic signal,

resulting in projection that's seamless at any resolution.

Versatile: DLP technology allows projectors to be small and light, often

weighing as little as 2 lbs - making them versatile enough for use in conference

rooms, living rooms and classrooms.

More Reliable: Display systems using DLP technology are able to recreate

their incoming source material with each projection, ensuring a full-impact

projection experience that will not fade over time.

Consistent Picture Quality: A data projector based on DLP technology

delivers knockout picture quality again and again because, being all-digital, it

recreates its image source every time you use it. Unlike competing analog

technologies such as LCD, the semiconductor that makes DLP projection

possible is virtually immune to heat, humidity, vibration and other factors.

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DLP projectors are the slimmest type of projectors. They

achieve the excellent contrast ratios. They do not experience any screen door

effect. They are immune to heat, humidity, vibrations etc. They do not have

any color decay effects.

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WEAKESSES

The 'rainbow' effect, appearing as a momentary flash of

rainbow-like striping typically trailing the bright objects when looking from one

side of the screen to the other, or when looking away from the projected image to

an off-screen object. Only some people see this effect, or you can create it for

yourself by moving your eyes very quickly across the screen. There are two types

of DLP projector - the old ones had four segments on the colour wheel, the new

ones have six or even seven and spin faster, which means less rainbow effect and

more saturated colour.

The 'halo' effect (or 'light leakage'). It may bother some

people using their projector for home cinema. Basically it's a grey band around the

outside of the image, caused by stray light being bounced off the edges of the tiny

mirrors on the DLP chip. It can be a distraction, but can be overcome by having a

black border a few inches wide around the screen, so the halo falls on to the

border. However the halo effect is less evident in the newer DLP chips such as the

DDR chip.

The lamps used as light source has to be replaced

every year to achieve efficient pictures. The single chip DLPs have an unwanted

visual artifact known as rainbow effect. One other disadvantage is the presence of

moving parts like, motor color wheel etc.

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FUTURE USES

There are numerous projects in the works for DLP

technology. One project, 3D digital projection, is currently in the testing phase at

some theaters around the country. Conventional 3D projection requires the use of

two synchronized projectors, which increases costs and requires projectionists to

have a lot of technical knowledge. DLP Cinema 3D projection would eliminate

that because it only needs one projector. There are 182 DLP Cinema-equipped

movie screens in North America presenting feature films in 3D. Carmike Cinemas

has recently announced plans to convert 500 of their DLP Cinema screens for 3D

projections. However, there are other uses being developed for DLP beyond

projection and TVs. Some other applications that could incorporate its high-

definition image creation are: Photo finishing, Holographic storage, Microscopes,

Spectroscopes, Medical imaging.

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COCLUSIO

DLP technology is in use wherever visual excellence is

in demand. Digital Light Processing is the world's only all-digital display solution.

DLP technology uses an optical semiconductor, known as the Digital Micro mirror

Device, or DMD chip to recreate source material. DLP technology is based on an

optical semiconductor, called a Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD), which uses

mirrors made of aluminum to reflect light to make the picture. The DMD is often

referred to as the DLP chip. The chip can be held in the palm of your hand, yet it

can contain more than 2 million mirrors each, measuring less than one-fifth the

width of a human hair. The mirrors are laid out in a matrix, much like a photo

mosaic, with each mirror representing one pixel. Before any of the mirrors switch

to their on or off positions, the chip will rapidly decode a bit-streamed image code

that enters through the semiconductor. It then converts the data from interlaced to

progressive, allowing the picture to fade in. Next, the chip sizes the picture to fit

the screen and makes any necessary adjustments to the picture, including

brightness, sharpness and color quality. Finally, it relays all the information to the

mirrors, completing the whole process in just 16 microseconds.

The mirrors are mounted on tiny hinges that enable

them to tilt either toward the light source (ON) or away from it (OFF) up to +/-

12°, and as often as 5,000 times per second. When a mirror is switched on more

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than off, it creates a light gray pixel. Conversely, if a mirror is off more than on,

the pixel will be a dark gray.

The light they reflect is directed through a lens and

onto the screen, creating an image. The mirrors can reflect pixels in up to 1,024

shades of gray to convert the video or graphic signal entering the DLP into a

highly detailed grayscale image. DLPs also produce the deepest black levels of

any projection technology using mirrors always in the off position.

To add color to that image, the white light from the

lamp passes through a transparent, spinning color wheel, and onto the DLP chip.

The color wheel, synchronized with the chip, filters the light into red, green and

blue. The on and off states of each mirror are coordinated with these three basic

building blocks of color. A single chip DLP projection system can create 16.7

million colors.

Each pixel of light on the screen is red, green or blue at

any given moment. The DLP technology relies on the viewer’s eyes to blend the

pixels into the desired colors of the image. For example, a mirror responsible for

creating a purple pixel will only reflect the red and blue light to the surface. The

pixel itself is a rapidly, alternating flash of the blue and red light. Our eyes will

blend these flashes in order to see the intended hue of the projected image.

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 DLP PROJECTORS

In the fast-paced world of improving technology, some

manufacturers of the newer DLP TVs have replaced the color wheel, as well as the

projection lamp, with light emitting diode (LED) technology to give a higher

quality to the image on the screen. LED technology uses illuminated lights in red,

green and blue to provide the color, as opposed to a color wheel. DLP is the only

technology to use LED.

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 DLP PROJECTORS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.dlp.com

2. www.wikipedia.com

3. www.google.com

4. www.seminarsonly.com

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