NE Series Routers QoS Feature and Realization Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co,, Ltd. All rights reserved. HUAWEIForeword e With the increasing popularity of triple play services, new services such as IPTV and VoIP services demand higher requirements for the service capability of the IP network. Users are no longer satisfied with the simple transmission of packets to the destination. They have higher requirements for better service, for example, provisioning of dedicated-line bandwidth, decreasing in the packet loss ratio, management and avoidance of network congestion, and control of network traffic, adjustment of packet priorities. Thus, QoS is introduced to meet such requirements. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2 We nuawer® Objectives e Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: o Learn techniques for QoS Implementation. a Configure QoS on a network where NE Series Routers are deployed, and describe the meaning and function of each parameter involved in QoS configuration. o Analyze and rectify common faults during QoS configuration on an NE Series Routers. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3 We nuawer© Contents 1. QOS overview 2. QoS Implementation 3. Class-Based QoS 4. QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages ye HUAWEIContents 1. QoS overview 2. QoS Implementation 3. Class-Based QoS 4. QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageS ye HUAWEIBackground of QoS Solve resource competition Improve benefits Traditional IP Networks Bear data services (Email, FTP, WWW) FF Current IP Networks. Bear multiple services (VoIP, Video, VPN etc.) Deploy QoS New services pose higher requirements for the service capabilities of IP networks, and thus QoS plays a more vital role in the network. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6 We nuawerBandwidth/Throughput e BWmax = Min(100M,10M,256k,2M, 1G) = 256kbps 100Mbx=__ 10Mbps. 256kbps 2Mbps 1Gb) [se ee ee ee PC BWmax= 256kbps Barrel theory: the maximum bandwidth (BWmax) equals the minimum bandwidth on the data transmission link. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. We nuawerEnd-to-End Delay (2s later) “Hello!"(2 s “Hello!” (4s later) later)"Can you { “Is that Jack?” hear me? IP Network Interrupted for so long? A delay refers to the period of time during which a packet is transmitted from a source to its destination. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEIJitter Jitter refers to the difference in delays of packets in the same flow. If the period before a packet that has reached a device is sent by the device differs from one packet to another in a flow, jitter occurs. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEIPacket Loss “| have sent a file to you { | have sent yor IP Network S i Ne & —~— ly What? Packet loss rate indicates the ratio of total lost packet outcomes to total transmitted packets. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEIHow to Enhance the QoS | Compress and fragmentize packets. Increase band . Improve processing Use rational queue scheduling and performance. congestion avoidance mechanism. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. We nuawerEnd-to-end QoS Model e The QoS provides services for users using different service models based on the network quality and user requirements. Three service models are provided: a Best-Effort Service Model o Integrated Service Model o Differentiated Service Model Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12 ye HUAWEIQoS Test True or False: 1. The bandwidth of the total transmission path is determined by the average link bandwidth. ( ) 2. QoS optimizes network transmission on any condition. ( ) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13 ye HUAWEIContents 1. QoS overview 2. QoS Implementation 3. Class-Based QoS 4. QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14 ye HUAWEIContents 2. QoS Implementation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Traffic Classification and Marking 2.3 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping 2.4 Congestion Management 2.5 Congestion Avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15 ye HUAWEIQoS Implementation Overview ( i ) Simple Traffic Classification Queue Scheduling Traffic Congestion avoidance and a LAN = Shaping management _ — SY MAN ————— Complex Traffic / Classification Traffic Policing Simple Traffic Classification Queue Scheduling Congestion avoidance and management Traffic Shaping een Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16 ye HUAWEIRealization Process Step Description 1 Generally, an enterprise network is a non-DS domain. Deploy traffic shaping on the egress of the router to limit the rate of the traffic sent to the ISP. 2 Deploy complex traffic classifier on the ingress router of the ISP to distinguish between users and between services of users. 3 | Deploy traffic policing on the ingress router of the ISP to restrict and ensure the use of network resources by different users or services. 4 | Deploy simple traffic classifier, congestion management, and congestion avoidance in the DS domain (MAN) to implement end-to-end QoS by combining steps 1, 2, and 3. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., td, All rights reserved. Page17 We nuawer© Contents 2. QoS Implementation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Traffic Classification and Marking 2.3 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping 2.4 Congestion Management 2.5 Congestion Avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18 ye HUAWEITraffic Classification and Marking (1/4) e Complex traffic classification a The complex traffic classification refers to classifying packets based on more complex rules, for example, the rules combining the link layer, the network layer, and the transport layer information such as the source MAC address, destination MAC address, source IP address, destination IP address, user group number, protocol type, and TCP/UDP port number. Complex traffic classifier is performed on the traffic using ACL on the border router in the DiffServ domain Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19 ye HUAWEITraffic Classification and Marking (2/4) e Simple traffic classification d ‘Complex traffic ‘Simple traffic classification classification Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20 ye HUAWEITraffic Classification and Marking (3/4) e QOS classification is implemented by marking the Type Of Service field in the IP packet header. RFC DSCP Domain 2474 0123 4 5 6 7 RFC Precedence | D | T/|R|C 1349 = So BIL Total Length |... ... Version | HeadLength | TOS Page21 We nuawer Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Traffic Classification and Marking (4/4) DSCP (RFC2474) ————————————.>. *Each DSCP value maps a BA. “Each BA is assigned a PHB. *Each PHB is implemented by a group of QoS mechanisms. *four types of PHB: EF PHB, AF PHB , CS PHB, and BE PHB. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 6 HuaweiPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) (1/6) e Each DSCP value corresponds to a BA. A PHB (for example, forwarding and dropping) can be specified for each BA. Then, certain QoS mechanisms such as traffic policing and queuing are used to implement the PHB. e The DiffServ network defines four PHB categories: Best Effort (BE), Class Selector (CS), Expedited Forwarding (EF), and Assured Forwarding (AF) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23 ye HUAWEIPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) - BE (2/6) PHB Default DSCP Remarks Value BE (Default PHB) | 000000 Default PHB for IP data FIFO Tail drop w Tail-drop Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24 We nuawerPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) - CS (3/6) eEnsure the compatibility with the nodes not supporting DSCP. eThe three high-order bit maps the IP precedence value. Precedence CS Class DSCP Value Precedence Class Value Default 000000 0 Routine cst 001000 1 Priority cs2 010000 2 Immediate cs3 011000 3 Flash cs4 100000 4 Override Flash cs5 101000 5 Critical cs6 110000 6 Internetwork Control cs7 111000 7 Network Control Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. pagers Nb HUAWEPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) (4/6) PHB Default DSCP Remarks Value EF PHB 101110 For a device that does not support DSCP, the effect the same as that of IP Precedence 5. Generally, delay- sensitive data is tagged the 101110 mark. Such data should be forwarded as soon as possible. In addition, certain bandwidth resources can be guaranteed. To avoid such data from using up bandwidth resources, traffic that exceeds the bandwidth limit is dropped. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., 4d. All rights reserved. Page26 We nuawerPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) (5/6) e AF PHB refers to assured forwarding per-hop behaviors. Cc c c D T R I Class Drop Propability Low Drop 001010 010010 011010 100010 Precedence Middle Drop 001100 010100 011100 100100 Precedence Low Drop 001110 010110 011110 100110 Precedence Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 6 HuaweiPHB (Per-Hop Behavior) (6/6) pe oe CS6 and CS7 EF AF4 AF3 AF2 AFI BE CS6 and CS7 PHBs are used for protocol packets by default, such as OSPF and BGP packets. EF PHB is used for voice services. Voice services require a short delay, low jitter, and low packet loss rate AF4 PHB is used for signaling of voice services. AF3 PHB is used for BTV services of IPTV. Live programs are real-time services. AF2 PHB is used for VoD services of IPTV. VoD services require lower real- time performance than BTV services and allow delays or buffering. AF1 PHB is used for leased-line services. BE PHB applies to best-effort services on the Internet. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28 ye HUAWEI© Contents 2. QoS Implementation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Traffic Classification and Marking 2.3 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping 2.4 Congestion Management 2.5 Congestion Avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29 ye HUAWEIToken Bucket Ss PIR CIR ‘Drop v Drop PBS CBS Overflow Committed Information Rate (CIR): indicates the rate at which tokens are placed into the bucket. Committed Burst Size (CBS): indicates the capacity of the TB. PIR (Peak Information Rate) : the maximum rate at which an interface allows packets to pass and is expressed in bit/s. PBS (Peak Burst Size) : the maximum volume of traffic that an interface allows to pass through in a traffic burst. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEITraffic Policing(1/2) e Traffic policing implements preset actions based on the evaluation result. These actions include: a Forward: continues forwarding packets that are evaluated as conforming, or re-forward services with the DSCP tag for DiffServ. Discard: Drops the packets evaluated as nonconforming. o Change priority before forwarding: modifies the priority of packets that are evaluated as nonconforming before forwarding the packets. o Send to the next-level policing: Traffic policing can be divided into different levels. The policing objectives of each level are specific. a Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31 We nuawerTraffic Policing(1/2) Traffic Policing Traffic Shaping +» When the packet rate of a neighboring network is higher than the packet rate that is supported by the local network, traffic policing can be deployed on network ingress devices. As shown in the preceding figure, RTA sends packets to RTB. When the rate of sending packets by RTA is higher than the packet rate that is supported by RTB, traffic policing can be deployed on the interface G1/0/0 of RTB to restrict the rate at which RTA sends packets. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32 ye HUAWEIImplementation of Traffic Policing(1/3) “Troten Yes,Forward Ph =z Arriving Data No,Drop Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33 ye HUAWEIImplementation of Traffic Policing(2/3) [RTB]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 [RTB-GigabitEthernet1/0/O]qos car cir 8000 pir 10000 cbs 15000 green pass red discard inbound [RTB-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEIImplementation of Traffic Policing(3/3) Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Inbound Committed Access Rate: CIR 8000(Kbps), PIR 10000(Kbps), CBS 15000(byte), PBS 1870000(byte) Conform Action: pass Yellow Action: pass Exceed Action: discard Passed: 58500 bytes, 750 packets Dropped: 0 bytes, 0 packets Last 30 seconds passed rate: 624 bps, 1 pps Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. ye HUAWEITraffic Shaping (1/2) « When the interface bandwidth difference between upstream and downstream routers is large or traffic policing is deployed on the router at a certain side, packets on the router with the large interface bandwidth can be buffered to match the processing capability of the router with the small interface bandwidth at an equal speed. This is to prevent the router with the small interface bandwidth from dropping packets. This technology is called traffic shaping. « Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS) can shape irregular traffic or the traffic that does not match the preset traffic features to ensure bandwidth matching at network upstream and downstream and avoid congestion. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page36 ye HUAWEITraffic Shaping (2/2) Traffic Policing Traffic Shaping + Traffic shaping can delay the traffic to avoid a large number of packets from being dropped, and avoid congestion at the egress. As shown in the preceding figure, RTA is the egress of the enterprise network, and sends traffic to RTB. RTB deploys traffic policing on interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0. To match traffic policing set on RTB and prevent packets from being dropped, RTA deploys traffic shaping on G1/0/0 to buffer packets and send packets at a rate that matches traffic policing set on RT B.Implementation of Traffic Shaping(1/3) S No, Buffer in Queue Arriving Flow Queue Overflow, Drop Le) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page38 ye HUAWEIImplementation of Traffic Shaping(2/3) e In this example, rate restriction is implemented for the traffic on interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 of RTA (the CIR is 8000 bit/s, PBS is 15000 bytes). [RTA-GigabitEthernet1/0/O]port shaping 8 pbs 15000 [RTAlinterface GigabitEthemet 1/0/0 [RTA-GigabitEthernet1/0/0}quit LImplementation of Traffic Shaping(3/3) e Run the display interface g1/0/0 command on RTA. The following result is expected: [RTAldisplay interface g1/0/0 GigabitEthernet1/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP Last line protocol up time : 2013-03-22 14:12:43 Description: HUAWEI, GigabitEthernet1/0/0 Interface Route Port, The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500 Internet Address is 173.165.5.3/24 Last physical up time: 2013-03-22 14:12:43 Last physical down time : 2013-03-22 14:12:40 i Current system time: 2013-03-22 14:52:45 : Statistics last cleared:never i Last 300 seconds input rate: 8506800 bits/sec, 37896 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate: 6470090 bits/sec, 29639 packets/sec© Contents 2. QoS Implementation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Traffic Classification and Marking 2.3 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping 2.4 Congestion Management 2.5 Congestion Avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagea1 ye HUAWEICongestion Management e How to manage and control network congestion when it occurs? The answer is to use the queuing technology to place all packets that need to be sent from an interface in multiple queues and process the packets based on the priority of each queue. A proper queue scheduling mechanism can provide packets of different types with reasonable QoS features such as the bandwidth, delay, and jitter. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagea2 We nuawerFrequently used queue mechanisms e The commonly used scheduling algorithms are as follows:- o First In First Out (FIFO) a Priority Queuing (PQ) a Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) a Low Priority Queuing (LPQ) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagea3 We nuawerFirst In First Out (FIFO) (1/2) Packets tobe sent Queue Out queue _ Packets leaving From the interfage scheduling _ the packets ims oe ed) | Symbols 8 Urgent packets p Hypo-urgent packets a Non-urgent packets Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pageaa ye HUAWEIFirst In First Out (FIFO) (2/2) e Advantages of FIFO: a Simple processing, fast speed, and low delay a No configuration required; easy to use e Disadvantages of FIFO: a Unfair bandwidth allocation in the case of multiple flows a Delay and jitter Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pageas ye HUAWEIPriority Queuing (PQ) (1/3) SP scheduling applies to PQ queues. Packets in high-priority queues are scheduled preferentially. Therefore, services that are sensitive to delays (such as VoIP) can be configured with high priorities. SP Scheduling: s High-priority queue Leave Med i Queue ledium-priority queue | CP )CPE) aoe Low-priority a” |e \ 9 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pageas ye HUAWEIPriority Queuing (PQ) (3/3) « Advantages of PQ = Data is forwarded at a low delay and key services in the high-priority queues are forwarded preferentially « Disadvantages of PQ: = InPQ queues, however, if the bandwidth of high-priority packets is not restricted, low priority packets cannot obtain bandwidth and are starved out. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagea7 ye HUAWEIWeighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) (1/3) WFQ allocates specific bandwidths to flows based on the weight. In addition, to allocate bandwidths fairly to flows, WFQ schedules packets in bits. Leave bit-by-bit Queuet: 50% | (abit | Queue Queue2: 25% | [7 008 ooo8ec0 Queue3: 25% | (RRND Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pageas, ye HUAWEIWeighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) (3/3) e Advantages of WFQ: + Different queues obtain the scheduling chances fairly, balancing delays of flows. e Short and long packets obtain the scheduling chances fairly. If both short and long packets wait in queues to be forwarded, short packets are scheduled preferentially, reducing jitters of flows. « The lower the weight of a flow is, the lower the bandwidth the flow obtains. e Disadvantages of WFQ: a No fixed bandwidth can be ensured Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pageas ye HUAWEILow Priority Queue (LPQ) e LPQ's feature: e SP scheduling applies to LPQ queues. The difference is that when congestion occurs, only after packets in the PQ and WFQ queues are all scheduled, the remaining bandwidth can be assigned to packets in the LPQ queue. e In the actual application, best effort (BE) flows can be put into the LPQ queue. e LPQ queue is implemented on an high-speed interface. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page50 ye HUAWEIPort Queue Scheduling Process (1/2) Start _— No __,. | Around of PQ empty * | Pa scheduling Yes > No [Around of WFO emoty’ >) WFQ scheduling Yes No. Around of LPO empty? PQ scheduling Yes Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageS1 ye HUAWEIPort Queue Scheduling Process (2/2) Service Class cs7 Ccs6 EF AF4 AF3 AF2 AFI BE Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Queue PQ PQ WFQ with the weight 5 WFQ with the weight 4 WFQ with the weight 3 WFQ with the weight 2 WFQ with the weight 1 LPQ Input Bandwidth PIR (bit/s) 15M 30M 90M 10M 10M 20M 20M 100M Output (bit/s) | Bandwidth (bit/s) 25M 10M 10M 10M 15M 10M 10M NO Pages2 15M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 25M We nuawer© Contents 2. QoS Implementation 2.1 Overview 2.2 Traffic Classification and Marking 2.3 Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping 2.4 Congestion Management 2.5 Congestion Avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageS3 ye HUAWEICongestion Avoidance e Severe congestion poses great threats to network resources and needs to be alleviated by taking a certain measure. Congestion avoidance is a traffic control mechanism used to discard packets based on the queue status when the network is congested, improving QoS performance. e Congestion avoidance is implemented using any of the following drop mechanisms: a Tail drop a Random Early Detection (RED) a Weighted RED (WRED) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages4 ye HUAWEIDisadvantages of Tail Drop Bandwidth Saturation bandwidth Average bandwidth TCP global synchronization Time TCP starvation High delay and high jitter Non-differentiated drop Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageSS ye HUAWEIRandom Early Detection (RED) Not drop Random drop Tail drop | Max. drop probability 20 40 (low limit) (high limit) e RED has three drop modes: green packets (not drop), yellow packets (drop at a certain possibility), and red packets (drop all). Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageS6 ye HUAWEIWeighted Random Early Detection (WRED) (1/4) Drop Probability 40% feovsssssesssesssseessneeeen Max. drop probability 20 2530 35 40 Average queue AF24 length —— AF22 —— AF23 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageS7 ye HUAWEIWeighted Random Early Detection (WRED) (2/4) 10% Max. drop probability 10 20 30 40 Average queue lengt == Precedence 0123 == Precedence 4567 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 6 HuaweiWeighted Random Early Detection (WRED) (3/4) Enterprise so so, IsP RTA. RTB interface Seriald | link-protecol ppp qos wiq queue-length 64 queue-number 256 gos wred qos wred ip-precedence 4 low-limit 20 high-limit 40 discard-probability 10 | gos wred ip-precedence 5 low-limit 20 high-limit 40 discard-probability 10 qos wred ip-precedence 6 low-limit 20 high-limit 40 discard-probability 10 gos wred ip-precedence 7 low-limit 20 high-limit 40 discard-probability 10 | Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages9 ye HUAWEIWeighted Random Early Detection (WRED) (4/4) ‘Interface: Seriald | Current WRED configuration: | Exponent: 9 (1/512) Precedence Low High Discard Random Tail Limit Limit Probability Discard Discard Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60@ Test for QoS Implementation True or False: 1. As defined in a PHB, packets in the AF queue that do not conform to specifications cannot consume other available bandwidth. ( ) 2. The disadvantage of PQ is that the low-priority queue may be dropped due to lack of bandwidth. WFQ can be used to solve this problem. ( ) Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages1 We nuawerContents 1. QoS overview 2. QoS Implementation 3. Class-Based QoS 4. QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page62 ye HUAWEIClass-Based QoS e Asanew QoS command delivery mode, class-based QoS classifies traffic based on a certain rule, and associates the traffic of a type with a certain traffic behavior to form a certain policy. e This policy is applied to an interface to implement function such as class-based traffic policing, traffic shaping, congestion management, and priority re-marking e By consolidating the original QoS commands, class-based QoS can flexibly distinguish between user services, implement differentiated forwarding and guaranteeing the quality of service. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page63 ye HUAWEIImplementation Process Overview e Class-based QoS covers the following concepts: a Traffic classifier: identifies packets that comply with a certain feature using a certain rule. a Traffic behavior: indicates a collection of QoS actions on packets. a Traffic policy: indicates a policy in which traffic classifiers and traffic behaviors are associated e A QOS policy associates traffic classifiers with traffic behaviors. By applying a policy to an interface, the desired QoS can be provided. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages4 We nuawerTraffic Classifier(1/2) e The implementation process of defining a traffic classifier is as follows: a 1.Define the name of a traffic classifier. a 2.Set the matching rule for the traffic classifier. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6s ye HUAWEITraffic Classifier(2/2) [RIA] traffic classifier Class1 | [RTA-classifier-Classl]if-match ? | 8021p Specify 802.1p parameters acl Specify ACL to match 1 any Specify any packets to match | classifier Specify traffic classifier to match | destination-mac Specify destination MAC address to match 1 dsep Specify DSCP (DiffServ CodePoint) to match | inbound-interface Specify an inbound interface to match | ip-precedence Specify IP precedence to match | ipyé Specify ipvé acl number | mpls-exp Specify MPLS EXP value to match 1 not Rule of not matching the statement | protocol Specify protocol to match | gos-Local-id Specify QoS local ID feature | rtp Specify RTP port to match Specify source MAC address to match ' source-mac * The displayed configuration shows that a traffic classifier can match multiple rules. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6s We nuawerTraffic Behavior (1/4) e The traffic behavior indicates actions for traffic classifiers. Traffic behaviors include re-marking of packet priority, traffic policing, traffic shaping, queuing, and congestion avoidance. e The implementation process of defining a traffic behavior is as follows: a 1.Define the name of a traffic behavior. o 2.Define a traffic behavior. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page67 ye HUAWEITraffic Behavior (2/4) e 1. Remark the traffic [RTA] traffic behavior Behavior] (RTA-behavior-Behaviorl]remark ? 8021p Specify 802.1p parameters dsep Remark DSCP (DiffServ CodePoint) ip-df ip-af ip-precedence Remark IP precedence ipvé IPV6 Packet Remark mpls-exp Remark MPLS EXP Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6s We nuawerTraffic Behavior (3/4) e 2. Deploy Traffic Policing ]traffic behavior Behaviorl [RTA-behavior-Behaviorl] value} } discard | pass [ yellow { discard | pass color ] } | red { discard | pass [ ]* color color ] } [ ebs chs-value pbs pbs-value | [ service-class class color color ] [| service-class class color service-class class car { cir cir-value [ pir pir- green a td. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Page69 We nuawerTraffic Behavior (4/4) e 3. Queue Scheduling [RTA]traffic behavior Behaviorl (RTA-behavior-Behaviorl] queue af bandwidth { bandwidth | pet percentage } (RTA-behavior-Behaviorl] queue wfq [ queue-number total- queue-number ] (RTA-behavior-Behaviorl] queue-length queue-length (RTA-behavior-Behaviorl] queue ef bandwidth { bandwidth [ cbs cbs ] | pet percentage } Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page70 ye HUAWEITraffic Policy(1/2) e A traffic policy associates traffic classifiers with traffic behaviors. After traffic classifiers and traffic behaviors are defined, a traffic policy needs to be configured to associate defined traffic classifiers with traffic behaviors. e The implementation process of defining a traffic policy is as follows: a 1.Define the name of a traffic policy. o 2.Associate a traffic classifier with a traffic behavior. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page71 We nuawerTraffic Policy(2/2) | [RTAltraffic policy Policyl | [RTA-trafficpolicy-Policyllclassifier classifier-name behavior | behavior-name 4d. All rights reserved. Page72 We nuawer Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co.,Applications of Traffic Policies on Interfaces e After a traffic policy is applied to an interface, inbound interface or outbound interface. Policies can be applied in the outbound direction or inbound direction of the interface based on the specific behavior. For example, traffic policing can be applied in the outbound or inbound direction, but traffic shaping and rate limit can be applied only in the outbound direction of an interface. [RTA] interface Et | [RTA-Et ov = 0/0/1 c-policy PolicyA ? inbound Assign policy to the inbound of an interface outbound Assign policy to the outbound of an interface Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page73 ye HUAWEI@ Test for Class-based QoS 1. Please list the order in which class-based QoS is implemented. ( —_) a) Define a traffic policy to associate traffic classifiers with traffic behaviors. b) Define an ACL rule. ©) Define a traffic behavior, re-marking DSCP. d) Configure a traffic classifier and define the ACL-based matching rule. e) Apply the traffic policy to the interface. Aabcde B.acdbe Cbdcae D.ebdca Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page74 ye HUAWEI© Contents 1. QoS overview QoS Implementation Class-Based QoS RB WN QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page75 ye HUAWEITypical Scenario of QoS Perform PHB according to marking o> S “@ Se a \ ~ __| Set TCA according to ‘CA according to SLA Traffic shaping SLA . Classify and mark traffic Congestion 4 Classify ane mark wa Monitor traffic management fonitor traffic Congestion avoidance Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page76 ye HUAWEITopology Description Internet MAN f s.10300/24 : }61/0/0 61/0/0 In this topology, SR-1 functions as the service router which is responsible for accessing the leased-line users. CR-1 simulates the core router in MAN and connect to Radius Server directly. SR-1 and CR-1 are running ISIS with the area-id 49.0755, and work in level-2. They form the DS domain and deploy queuing scheduling commonly. Now complex traffic classification is used on the interface connecting to users. Leased-line users’ traffic is marked with AF41. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page77 ye HUAWEIRate Limit Configurations for Leased-line Users—Configuration Procedures Step | Operation View Command 1 | Configure [HUAWEI] | acl Advanced ACL 2 | Configure Tratfic| (HUAWEI) | traffic classifier classifier-name [ operator { and | Classification or}] 3 | Configure Traffic | /HUAWEl] | traffic behavior behavior-name Behavior 4 [HUAWEI] | traffic policy policy-name Configure Traffic classifier classifier-name behavior behavior-name Policy [ precedence precedence ] 5. |tTransfer the Policy| [HUAWEI | traffic-policy policy-name { inbound | outbound } on Interface [ink-layer | all-layer | mpls-layer } Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7@ 6 HuaweiRate Limit Configurations for Users— Configuration Example (1/3) Limit the rate of leased-line users on SR-1. The requirements are listed as follow: e Limit the outbound and inbound rate in 2Mbit/s, e Peak information rate is limited in 3Mbit/s e Committed Burst Size is limited in 10000bytes Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page79 ye HUAWEIRate Limit Configurations for Users— Configuration Example (2/3) Complete the configurations on SR- {SR-t]acl 3010 i ! [SR-1-acl-basic-3010] rule permit ip destination 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 | [SR-1-acl-basic-301 0}quit ! [SR-IItraffic classifier rate-out ! [SR-1-classifier-rate-outlif-match acl 3010 | [SR-1-classifier-rate-out}quit : [SR-1]traffic behavior rate-out : [SR-1-behavior-rate-out}car cir 2000 pir 3000 cbs 10000 pbs 0 | [SR-1-behavior-rate-out]quit [SR-1]traffic policy rate-out : : [SR-1-trafficpolicy-rate-out|classifier rate-out behavior rate-out : | [SR-1-trafficpolicy-rate-out]quit | [SR-]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/9 | [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/9]traffic-policy rate-out outbound igabitEthernet1/0/9]quitRate Limit Configurations for Users— Configuration Example (3/3) e User downloads the documents from FTP server e Check the traffic policing statistics information on SR-1's G1/0/9 : GigabitEthernet1/0/9 current state : UP i ; Line protocol current state : UP Statistics last cleared:never Last 300 seconds input rate: 240 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output rate: 2453536 bits/sec, 358 packets/sec i Input: 1573122 bytes, 9550 packets : Output: 1576126574 bytes, 1501964 packets Input: Unicast: 8237 packets, Multicast: 76 packets Broadcast: 1237 packets, JumboOctets: 0 packetsConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Procedures Step | Operation View Command 1 | Configure [HUAWEI] | acl Advanced ACL 2 | Configure Traffic | UAE! | traffic classifier classifiername [ operator { Classification and | or }] 3 | Configure Traffic | [HUAWEI] | traffic behavior behavior-name Behavior 4 [HUAWE! | 1.traffic policy policy-name Configure Traffic 2.Classifier classifier name behavior behavior- Policy name [ precedence precedence ] 5 [HUAWEI] | traffic-policy policy-name { inbound | Transfer the Policy ; outbound } [ link-layer | all-layer | mpls-layer 1 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages2 6 Huawei on InterfaceConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (1/6) e Configuration Example: e Configure the DSCP value with AF41 for the traffic to the leased-line user on SR-1 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page83 ye HUAWEIConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (2/6) : Define an ACL: | [SR-1]acl 3800 : [SR-1-acl-adv-3800]rule permit ip source 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 | [SR-1-acl-adv-3800]quit ' Configure traffic classification: ‘ [SR-1]traffic classifier in | [SR-1-classifier-in]if-match acl 3800 : [SR-1-classifier-in]quit : [SR-1]traffic classifier out | [SR-1-classifier-out]if-match any : [SR-1-classifier-out}quit Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages4 ye HUAWEIConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (3/6) Configure traffic behavior, remark the DSCP value: [SR-1]traffic behavior in [SR-1-behavior-in]remark dscp af41 [SR-1-behavior-in]quit [SR-1]traffic behavior out [SR-1-behavior-out]remark dscp af41 [SR-1-behavior-out]}quit Create traffic policy, combine the traffic classification and traffic policy together: [SR-1]traffic policy in [SR-1-trafficpolicy-in]classifier in behavior in [SR-1-trafficpolicy-in]quit [SR-1]traffic policy out [SR-1-trafficpolicy-out]classifier out behavior out [SR-1-trafficpolicy-out]quit Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8s ye HUAWEIConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (4/6) ' [SR-1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/9 » [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/9]traffic-policy in inbound » [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/9]traffic-policy out outbound Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagess ye HUAWEIConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (5/6) Verification: Capture the packet receiving from ISP on users’ PC and analyse the date packet Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, All rights reserved. Pages? 6 HuaweiConfigure the Priority for Leased-line Users’ Traffic—Configuration Example (6/6) e The IP precedence of traffic is marked with AF41 [eat ver Go capture anayae states telprery 1008 yma Hep BSeOH SExXSS/4¢90F2 E/E QQQ0 BUBK'E Protect length fo ‘82 echo (ping) reque Ping) reque 82 echo (ping) reply 82 Echo (ping) reque 41, 000048 017225 2022, 032371 10.i0.10.107 # Frame §: 82 bytes on wire (656 bits), 82 bytes captured (656 bits) 298374122716), Dstt HonkatPr_ob:ea:do (44:37:26:90:e8:d0) # ethernet It, sre: HuavetTe_74:22:16 (5621 4 PpP-over-Ethernet session # Point-to-Point Protocol S Internet Protocol Version 4, src: 202.1.1.2 (202-2.1.2), Ost: 10,10.10,197 (10.10.10.197) eader length: 20 bytes w differentiated Services Field: 0x88 COScP 0x22: Assured Forwarding 41; SCN: 0x00: NOx-ECT (NOt ECN-Capable Trans} Total Length: 60 Tdenttficat tons: oxo875 (2421) ss Flags: soo Fragnent offset: 0 protocols Tom? G2) All the packets se header checksums Ox82"2 [correct] receiving from ISP is, marked with AF 41 Source: 202.1.1.2 (202.1.1.2) Destination? 10.10.10.197 (20.10.10.197) # Internet control Message Protocol Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages ye HUAWEIQueue Scheduling Configuration —Configuration Procedures Step | Operation View Command 1 |Enter [HUAWEI] interface interface-type interface view interface-number 2 | Configure the | [HUAWEI]- port-queue cos-value { { pq | queue interface] wfq weight weight-value | scheduling on Ipq } | shaping { shaping- 8 queues value | shaping-percentage shaping-percentage-value } [ pbs pbs-value ] | port-wred wred-name } * outbound Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages 6 HuaweiQueue Scheduling Configuration —Configuration Example (1/3) Provide QOS guarantee for different queue in DS domain e Configure scheduling mode of BE queue into WFQ with the weight 3 e Configure scheduling mode of AF1 queue into WFQ with the weight 1 e Configure scheduling mode of AF2 queue into WFQ with the weight 20 e Configure scheduling mode of AF3 queue into WFQ with the weight 35 e Configure scheduling mode of AF4 queue into WFQ with the weight 25 e Configure scheduling mode of EF queue into PQ and limit the rate in 15% of total bandwidth e Configure scheduling mode of CS6 queue into PQ e Configure scheduling mode of CS7 queue into PQ Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page90 ye HUAWEIQueue Scheduling Configuration —Configuration Example (2/3) Configurations on CR-1 : [SR-1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/O]trust upstream default [SR-1-GigabitEthernet 1/0/0]port-queue be wfq weight 3 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue af1 wfq weight 1 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue af2 wfq weight 20 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue af3 wfq weight 35 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue af4 wfgq weight 25 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet 1/0/0] port-queue ef pq shaping shaping-percentage 15 outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue cs6 pq outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port-queue cs7 pq outbound [SR-1-GigabitEthernet1/0/O]quit Complete the same configurations on CR-1 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages1 We nuawerQueue Scheduling Configuration —Configuration Example (3/3) Verification [SR-1]display port-queue configuration interface g1/0/0 outbound GigabitEthernet1/0/0 be current configuration: Arithmetic: wiq weight: 3 tm weight: 42 fact weight: 3.33 shaping(mbps): NA port-wred name: NA Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page92 We nuawerContents 1. QoS overview 2. QoS Implementation 3. Class-Based QoS 4. QoS Feature Configuration of the NE Series Routers 5. Hands-on QoS Configuration Practice Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page93 ye HUAWEIHands-on QoS Configuration Practice Internet MAN Jj In this topology, SR-1 function as the service router which is responsible for accessing the leased-line users. CR-1 simulates the core router in MAN and connect to Radius Server directly. SR-1 and CR-1 are running ISIS with the area-id 49.0755, and work in level-2. They form the DS domain and deploy queueing scheduling commonly. Now complex traffic classification is used on the interface connecting to users. Leased-line users’ traffic is marked with AF41. Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pages4 ye HUAWEITask (1/2) Task Description 1 Finish the IGP configuration on SR-1 + Realize the interworking between SR-1 and CR-1 by using ISIS 2 | Configure rate limit for leased-line users + Limit the outbound and inbound rate in 2Mbit/s, + Peak information rate is limited in 3Mbit/s + Committed Burst Size is limited in 10000bytes 3 Mark the priority for users’ traffic + Mark the inbound traffic with DSCP value AF41 + Mark the outbound traffic with DSCP value AF41 Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page95 ye HUAWEITask (2/2) Task Description 4 | Provide QOS guarantee for different queue in DS domain + Configure scheduling mode of BE queue into WFQ with the weight 3 + Configure scheduling mode of AF1 queue into WFQ with the weight 1 + Configure scheduling mode of AF2 queue into WFQ with the weight 20 + Configure scheduling mode of AF3 queue into WFQ with the weight 35 + Configure scheduling mode of AF4 queue into WFQ with the weight 25 + Configure scheduling mode of EF queue into PQ and limit the rate in 15% of total bandwidth + Configure scheduling mode of CS6 queue into PQ + Configure scheduling mode of CS7 queue into PQ Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page96 ye HUAWEI@ Summary e This document describes QoS basic concepts, QoS implementation, class-based QoS principles, and QoS implementation on the NE Series Routers. ao QOS overview a QoS implementation a Class-based QoS a QoS implementation on the NE Series Routers Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page97 ye HUAWEIThank you www.huawei.com