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Kinetics Study of Ester Hydrolysis in The Presence of HCL at Room Temperature Room Temperature

The document discusses kinetics of ester hydrolysis in the presence of HCl at room temperature. It describes that ester hydrolysis is the breakdown of an ester by water, which speeds up by acid catalysis. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction is proportional to the concentration of the ester and follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The extent of the reaction can be monitored over time by measuring acid concentration using techniques like volumetry and absorbance measurements.

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Juan Robinson
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430 views10 pages

Kinetics Study of Ester Hydrolysis in The Presence of HCL at Room Temperature Room Temperature

The document discusses kinetics of ester hydrolysis in the presence of HCl at room temperature. It describes that ester hydrolysis is the breakdown of an ester by water, which speeds up by acid catalysis. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction is proportional to the concentration of the ester and follows pseudo-first order kinetics. The extent of the reaction can be monitored over time by measuring acid concentration using techniques like volumetry and absorbance measurements.

Uploaded by

Juan Robinson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

KineticsstudyofesterhydrolysisinthepresenceofHCl at
room temperature
roomtemperature
Esters Firstcoinedin1848byGermanchemistLeopoldGmelin

Formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid.

Very slow reaction, unless an acid catalyst used

A condensation reaction

The condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group and the


carboxylic acid known as esterification.

Reverse reaction = ester hydrolysis


Esters
Esters havehave strong,
strong, sweet smells.
sweet smells.
Their bouquet is often floral or fruity.
They
Thisare means
used in food
theyflavourings
are usedg &inperfumes.
food flavourings &
perfumes.
Also, very good at dissolving organic compounds so often used
Also,
as solvents.
l t
very good at dissolving organic compounds
so often used as solvents.
Ester hydrolysis

Breakdown of an ester by water


water.

Process speeds
p up
p by
y catalysis
y

Acid catalyses the reaction

Alkali catalysts (e.g. sodium hydroxide) can also


be used but instead of producing carboxylic acid
a carboxylate salt is formed.
FORWARD REACTION = condensation reaction, the
esterification of an alcohol using acid catalyst
under reflux.

R O H O

H+ C R
+ O
R O
C R
+ H2O
H O

REVERSE REACTION = ester hydrolysis, same


catalyst
y works for both forward & reverse
reactions.
Kinetics is the study of Reaction Rates
KineticsisthestudyofReactionRates

Rate=Conc.ofAatt2 Conc.ofAatt1
t2 t1
Rate=[A]
t
Changeinconcentrationperunittime
AsthereactionprogressestheconcentrationH2 goesdown
AsthereactionprogressestheconcentrationN2 goesdown1/3asfast
/
AsthereactionprogressestheconcentrationNH3 goesup2/3times

C
o N2 +3H2 2NH3
n
c
e
n [N2]
t
r
a
t [H2]
i
o
n [NH3]
Time
Types of Rate Laws
TypesofRateLaws

DifferentialRatelaw describeshowratedependson
concentration.
concentration

IntegratedRateLaw Describeshowconcentration
d
dependsontime.
d i

For
Foreachtypeofdifferentialratelawthereisanintegrated
each type of differential rate law there is an integrated
ratelawandviceversa.

R
Ratelawscanhelpusbetterunderstandreaction
t l h l b tt d t d ti
mechanisms.
A (reactant) P(product)(1)
A(reactant) P (product) (1)

Therateofafirstorderreactionisproportionaltothe
concentrationofreactant

i.e.d[A]/dt =+d[P]/dt [A](2)


ord[A]/dt =k [A](3)
H+
CH3CO2C2H5 + H2O CH3CO2H + C2H5OH(4)

-d[CH
d[CH3CO2C2H5]/dt = kf[CH3CO2C2H5][H2O]

-d[CH3CO2C2H5]/dt = kf[CH3CO2C2H5]

wherekf = kf[H2O]

This is pseudo first order


reaction
Rearrangingequationandintegratinggives
g g q g gg

ln[A]=kt +const(5)

if at time t =0andtime
ifattime 0 and time t = t,theconcentrationofAis[A]oand[A]trespectively,
t the concentration of A is [A]o and [A]t respectively
theconstantofintegrationisln[A]o

log([A]o/[A]t)=kt

Thecourseofreactioncouldbefollowedbyseveraltechniquessuchas

Volumetry
Potentiometry
Conductometry
AbsorbanceMeasurements
pHMeasurements
Calculations

V isthetotalacidconcentrationafterhydrolysis

Vo correspondstotheacidconcentrationbeforestartofhydrolysis

Vt isthetitre volume of the sample at time t.


is the titre volumeofthesampleattime t

log((V Vo) /(V Vt )) versust

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