ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY

By
SRIDHAR.B
(1DB16MBA43)

Submitted to

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Under the guidance of

INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE

(Name) (Name)
(Designation) (Designation)

Department of MBA
Don Bosco Group of Institutions
Mysore Road, Kumbalagodu,
Bangalore - 560074, Karnataka, India.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I extend my heart-felt gratitude to the management of

Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Shri.P.Bylappa, President for providing
me with all sorts of help in completion of my Internship.

I record indebtedness to our Principal Dr. R. Prakash, for his

guidance and sustained encouragement for the successful completion of the
project.

I am highly grateful to Dr.Meera Uday, Head of the Department of

Management Studies and Research for the support and timely assistance
rendered for the Internship to have come out flying colours.

I also extend my deep sense of gratitude and proud thanks to our

guide Mrs.Bhagya Lakshmi, Assistant professor, Department of Management
Studies and Research for the encouragement and valuable guidance made me to
complete my Internship successfully.

I also thank all the faculty members for their kind co-operation
and encouragement during the course of the work. We take pride in thanking
our beloved parents for their constant encouragement throughout our course of
Internship in various ways.
 TABLE OF CONENTS

CHAPTER
No. TITLE PAGE No.

1 Certificate from the

Organization
2 Certificate from the
Guide, HOD
3 Declaration of the
Student
4 Acknowledgement
5 List of Tables
6 List of Graphs
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP
An Internship is a job training for white collar and professional careers.
Generally, an internship consists of an exchange of services for
experience between the student and an organization.
Students can also use an internship to determine if they have an interest in
a particular career, to create a network of contacts, to acquire a
recommendation letter to add to their curriculum vitae, or to gain school
credit.
INTERNSHIP DETAILS

Purpose of Internship : To understand working culture of the

Organization and apply theoretical
concepts in real life situation at the
work place for various functions.
Type of Work Done in the
Organization : Complete Organizational Study

Duration of Internship : 24th July 2017 19th August 2017

Place of Internship : Chennai
Name of the Organization : Central Leather Research
Institute(CLRI), Adyar, Chennai.

Ownership of the

Organization : Council of Scientific & Industrial

Research (CSIR), New Delhi.

Type of Organization : Autonomous Body

 INDUSTRY PROFILE-Leather Industry
Leather Industry in India
Leather is one of the most widely traded commodities globally. The
growth in demand for leather is driven by the fashion industry, especially
footwear. Apart from this, furniture and interior design industries, as well as the
automotive industry also demand leather. The leather industry has a place of
prominence in the Indian economy due to substantial export earnings and
growth.

India is the largest livestock holding country 21% large animals and 11%
small animals.
A source for 10% global leather requirement
Annual production value over Rs. 186.56 billion (3.354 billion Euros)
Annual export value over Rs. 125.46 billion (2.225 billion Euros)
Export growth CAGR (compound annual growth rate) 8.61% (5 years)
About 2.50 million work force (30% women)
Promising technology inflow and Foreign Direct Investment
Enormous potential for future growth (domestic as well as export)

Contribution of Leather Industry to Indias GDP:

Total leather and leather good exports from India stood at US$ 5 billion
during every financial year. Manufacturing is a core function of the Indian
leather industry, which stands strong at $11 billion (nearly Rs.72,776 crore) and
has a significant share in the overall exports of the country. Indian leather
goods' exports are projected to grow 24% per annum over the next five years.
Indias cost of logistics, as a share of the GDP, is one of the highest in the world
(12-13% of the GDP) compared to the developed markets (below 10% of the
GDP).

Growth of Leather Industry in India:

Exports of Leather & Products in India decreased to 27.43 INR Billion in
February from 29.09 INR Billion in January of 2017. Exports of Leather &
Products in India averaged 11.90 INR Billion from 1991 until 2017, reaching an
all-time high of 36.46 INR Billion in August of 2014 and a record low of 1.81
INR Billion in June of 1991.
MAJOR PRODUCTION CENTERS IN INDIA
Tamil Nadu
- contributes 70% of leather production in India
West Bengal
- contributes 22% of leather production in India
Uttar Pradesh
- contributes 22% of leather production in India

Growth of Leather Industry in FY(1st April 2016 to 31st March 2017)

Percentage share of footwear in export

Role of Leather Industries in the Development of our Economy:
Category April-Aug April-Aug % Share
2015(Value in US $ 2016(Value in US $
MILLION) MILLION)
Finished Leather 605.47 486.34 18.33
Leather Footwear 1010.22 962.75 36.28
Footwear 171.61 134.68 5.08
Equipment
Leather Garment 264.11 260.22 9.81
Leather goods 606.06 590.83 22.26
Saddlery and 74.07 63.35 2.39
Hardness
Non-Leather 141.11 155.47 5.86
footwear
Total 2872.64 2653.64 100.00
Table 1: Product wise Export Performance during April-August 2016

Trends in Leather Making:

Several advances have been made in frontier areas of science and technology in
the institute. Several landmark technologies and contributions to science have
been made during the years. When looking back, significant efforts were made
in the past towards understanding the structure and functions of Collagen.
Collagen is an important structural protein in the animal kingdom and
contributes significantly to the biological functions.
At the time when the institute commenced its research, the elucidation of
structure of collagen provided an intellectual challenge.
Several groups addressed the issues relating to structure of collagen, its
biological functions and also its industrial applications including leather
manufacture.
Government Regulation and Support
With an eye on the potential of the sector, the Indian Government has
placed an emphasis on the utilization of the available raw materials to
maximize returns.
It has introduced a number of initiatives, with the special emphasis on
integrated development of the tanning sector.
These includes raw material augmentation, technology upgrade, and
promotion of environmental cleaner processing options, quality
standardization and human skills development.
To encourage training of unorganized artisan workers, the Government
has given support to well-equipped training institutions to encourage
 training programs to be given jointly with reputed foreign enterprises and
experts.

The various measures taken by the government are as follows-

De-licensing of integrated tanneries that convert raw hides and skins into
finished leather.
Several leather goods have been de-reserved from the small Scale Sector.
Free import of raw hides & skins, semi-finished and finished leather.
Concessional duty on imported machinery and chemicals.
Free export of raw hides & skins, semi-finished and finished leather and
leather products.
Policies to facilitate modernization / up gradation: In June 2005 the
government initiated a Rs. 2788.45 million (50.82 Million Euros)
modernizing scheme called the Integrated Leather Development
Programme, whereby all leather tanning and product units will be eligible
for modernization assistance. The assistance will be to the extent of 30%
of project cost for Small scale industry (SSI) units and 20% for non-SSI
units.
Establishment of design Centres at individual manufacturing units, to
facilitate
Improvement in design capabilities: Under this scheme, 25 % of the
project cost is
Provided to the units under the market access initiative scheme of the
Ministry Of
Commerce and Industry.

The regulatory body for leather industry in Inia is Council for

Leather Exports(CLE).

Council for Leather Exports(CLE)

The Council for Leather Exports (CLE) is an autonomous non-profit
organisation, which is entrusted with export promotion activities and the
development of the Indian leather industry. About 3,172 companies
manufacturing leather products are members of the Council.
Environmental Issues of Leather Industry:
The leather industry has been traditionally considered as a heavy
polluting industry in the tanning and finishing stages of the chain.
Pesticides, chemicals and organic materials are the main sources of
pollution.
Chrome is the most dangerous and long-lasting chemical pollutant.
Others are sulphides and solvents.
The odour released during the manufacturing of leather products affects
the human beings and animals.
Ground water is polluted due to the release of waste water into the
ground, lakes, rivers and sea which might affect the purity of the drinking
water and even causes harmful diseases.
Bio-accumulation of chrome occurs in the environment.

Requirements:

The common requirements for the leather products should provide

Water-proofness
Stability
Warmth
Support
Longevity
Comfort
Recyclability
 CHAPTER 2- ORGANIZATION PROFILE

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

CSIR was established by the Government of India in 1942.It is an
autonomous body that has emerged as the largest research and development
organisation in India. It runs thirty-seven laboratories and thirty-nine field
stations or extension centres throughout the nation, with a collective staff of
over 17,000 workers. Although it is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science
and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body through the Societies
Registration Act,1860.
CSIR Laboratories
Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee
Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow
Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani
Central Food Technology Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore
Central Fuel Research Institute (CFRI), Dhanbad
Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata
Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow
Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur
Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI), Dhanbad
Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi
Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI),
Bhavnagar
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO), Chandigarh
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun
Industrial Toxicology Research Institute (ITRC), Lucknow
Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi
Institute of Himalayan Bio-resource Technology (IHBT), Palampur
Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow
National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur
National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad
National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa
 National Institute of Science Communication & Information Resources
(NISCAIR), Delhi
National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies
(NISTADS), Delhi
National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Delhi
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Bhopal
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Bhubaneshwar
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Jammu
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Jorhat
Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Trivandrum
Structural Engineering Research Center (SERC), Chennai

Central Leather Research Institute(CLRI) - Profile

CLRI, India was founded on 24 April, 1948 as a constituent laboratory under
the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) by Dr.Syama
Prasad Mookarjee, Minister of Industry and Supply, Government of India.
It was a land mark decision to invest into leather research. CLRI is the world's
largest leather research institute in terms of research papers and patents. CLRI is
emerging as the apex and main advocacy body of Indian leather industry. Dr. B
Chandrasekaran is the Present Director of CLRI.
The objective of the institute was to deal with all aspects of the leather
industry. It carries out research and development in areas such as adapted
preservation methods for new hides and skins, colour fastness, tanning and
finishing techniques, control of environmental pollution and product design and
development of garments, shoes and other articles.
The institute also offers technical assistance through training courses on
design development, sample making and fabrication, consultancy, preparation
of feasibility reports, quality control, among various other activities.
Objectives of CLRI:
To seek excellence in research in Frontier areas
To serve the national apex body in leather
To Participate in HRD through direct role in education and training in
leather related areas
To assess and forecast technology needs
To serve as a reliable consultant to leather sector
To develop technologies and deliver to the industry through effective
extension network
To serve as a dependable source of technologies.
Vision of CLRI:
To generate, develop and extend knowledge products and assist in
building knowledge societies.
To emerge as a global leader.
Towards global eminence in leather sector.

Mission of CLRI:
To provide S&T innovation for industrial and societal development for
leather.
To lead frontier areas in science directly impacting leather sector.
To design, develop and deliver knowledge and technologies for gainful
application in leather sector.

A vision document with a well-defined agenda and specific goals,

plan, strategy and a road map is prepared.
CLRI has a strong research base which works on the understanding of
collagen structure, collagen related diseases, smart biomaterials and their
clinical applications.
It is in this context that an international conference on Recent trends in
collagen is proposed.
Milestones of CLRI:
In 2003, CLRI came up with a biological dressing for burn patients that
helps in healing second and third degree burns faster and more
effectively.
In 2004, the institute tied up with National Institute of Fashion
Technology to offer professional educational programmes specifically for
designing footwear and leather products.
In the same year, the institute took up a pilot activity to produce biodiesel
from rice bran oil. In 2014 CLRI Scientists launched website to
conveniently share real research problems and solutions in research.

Core Departments in CLRI and their uses

Core Areas - provides finished leathers
Information Sciences- PPBD (project planning and business division)
division interfaces the Indian Leather
 Industry as well as the Global Leather Fraternity
to the Institute.
Chemical Sciences - provides importance of basic chemical research

Engineering Sciences- to manage the liquid, solid and gaseous pollutants

generated during the manufacturing processes.
Biological Sciences - formerly known as Biophysics Laboratory, is a
multi-disciplinary group investigating fundamental
and applied research on advanced materials at nano
and micro scale.

Core Departments

Core Areas:
Leather Processing
Shoe Process & Design Centre(SPDC)
Centre for Human & Organisational Resources Development (CHORD)
CLRI-Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation& Reporting
Services(CLRI-CATERS)
Chemical Sciences:

Inorganic & Physical Chemistry

Polymer Science & Technology
Organic & Bio-organic Chemistry

Engineering Sciences:

Environmental Science & Engineering

Chemical Engineering
Engineering Services
Chemical & Biological Pilot

Biological Sciences:

Advanced Materials Laboratory

Biochemistry & Biotechnology
Biological Material Laboratory
Information Sciences:

Project Planning & Business Development

Center for High Computing
Knowledge Resource Centre
IP & Knowledge Portfolio

Administration:

Directors Office
Administration(Gen)
Finance & Accounts
Stores & Purchase
Dispensary

Departmental Functions:

(i) Core Areas:

Leather processing:
Leather Process Technology Area, also known as Tannery division is an
important core area in CLRI. This division has been playing a key role in the
growth of the tanning industry in India. It played an important role by providing
trained manpower and appropriate technologies for the production of varieties
of finished leathers in the seventies when the Govt. of India banned the export
of raw and semi processed leathers.
The main activities of the division are

In-house R&D for meeting the near and long term needs of the leather
industry
Participation in Network Projects
Consultancy and sponsored projects to tanneries and Leather Chemical
companies
Preparation of DPRs for establishment of Tanneries
Education and Training activities in leather processing
Finished leather certification and issue of technical opinions on leather
Providing policy inputs to Govt. on preparation of SION norms and
revision of norms for finished leather certification
Shoe & Product Design Centre (SPDC):
Shoe & Product Design Centre (SPDC) with its expertise and
infrastructural facilities strive to support the Indian leather product sector to
become the global leader. SPDC also provides consultancy services to
national and international clients in the area of the leather products. This
Centre has well equipped GAIT Lab, CAD facilities, Fashion studio,
Product fabrication pilot plant and Training facilities.

SPDC has launched long back, a Shoe Designer's Club as a window

of International Fashion and continued to provide services to Leather product
industries. This facility enables leather and leather product manufacturers to
gain access to the vast international information based on shoe and leather
fashions, design and development, tends, colours, materials, etc.

Centre for Human and Organizational Resources Development

(CHORD):
CLRI conducts in collaboration with Anna University courses in Leather
Technology leading to B. Tech., M.Tech. and Ph.D. degrees and courses in
Footwear Science & Engineering leading to M.Tech and Ph.D. Programmes.
CLRI is a centre of higher learning and research leading to doctoral
programmes of various Universities and in the disciplines of Biological,
Chemical Engineering, Information and Physical Sciences. CLRI offers also a
number of short-term and long-term vocational programmes

CLRI CATERS:
It is the single window facilitation department for all the testing
needs at CSIR-CLRI. Over 150 physical endurance tests and chemical tests to
ensure the quality of the footwear and leather products.

(ii)Chemical Sciences:

Inorganic & Physical Chemistry:

The Chemical Laboratory was one of the first laboratories to commence
activities when the institute was established. Since then, the laboratory has
served as the backbone of chemistry research at the institute. Through the years,
the laboratory came to be globally reckoned for its contributions to chromium
chemistry, understanding of the metal protein, metal DNA interactions
through both experimental and theoretical routes and translating this
understanding into applied research leading to technologies.

Polymer Science & Technology:

Established in 1975 by world renowned scientist Professor S. Santappa,
polymer group in CSIR-CLRI today is a vibrant department with over 25
members consisting of scientists, Ph.D. Students and project assistants. The
departments activity is focussed on various R&D projects of producing
polymers, polymer nanocomposites and organic compounds for leather and
materials research. This department has so far produced nearly 60 Ph.D.
scholars, published more than 500 papers in international journals and filed
about 25 patents. More than 10 technologies have been already commercialized.
Numerous government sponsored grant-in-aid projects, network projects,
consultancy projects, collaborative projects and other projects are being
implemented currently totalling several crores.

Organic & Bio-organic Chemistry:

Recent years have seen renewed interest in safer leather chemicals like
biocides, tanning agents, dyes and pigments due to increased public awareness
about the environmental issues, toxicity of synthetic compounds and their
intermediates during manufacture and usage, the growing preference for cleaner
technologies and the Government legislation on toxic waste disposal etc. This
has necessitated processing industries like textile, leather, wool, food and
pharmaceutical to look for viable natural or synthetic chemicals that are non-
toxic / less toxic compared to the existing ones.

The principle of organic leather manufacture is a commitment to the eco

system wherein quality leathers are produced by using nontoxic and less toxic
natural products without causing environmental deterioration. To achieve this
goal we are working on the development of leather chemicals like tanning agents,
preservatives, colorants etc from plant sources as raw materials.

(iii)Biological Sciences:

Advanced Materials Laboratory:

Advanced Materials Laboratory, formerly known as Biophysics
Laboratory, is a multi-disciplinary group investigating fundamental and applied
research on advanced materials at nano and micro scale. The core objective of
the division is to conduct research on advanced materials for and from leather.
Leather processing is primarily associated with purification of a multi-
component material, skin, to obtain a single protein, collagen. Solid co-products
from the tanning industry are unavoidable. Protein-based solid wastes acquired
much attention due to their high value. Although several methods have been
developed for utilizing protein based wastes, development of high value
products has remained a challenging issue. Our group has been actively working
on the development of new and advanced materials such as biomaterials,
nanomaterials and bio/nano composites especially from bio-wastes generated
from leather industry for a variety of applications through greener, simpler and
sustainable approaches. Derived materials from bio-wastes are demonstrated in
energy, environment, biomedicine, lifestyle and electronic applications.
Natural leather does not find applications in smart or advanced products
such as electronic devices, sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding
(EMI) and adhesive-free wall covering applications. This is due to the fact that
leather lacks certain functional properties such as electrical conductivity,
magnetism, etc. Attempts are being made to impart functional properties to
leather. Smart leathers with additional functionality such as electrical
conductivity and magnetism have been prepared for smart product applications.
Molecular interactions that drive biological processes especially at interfaces,
understanding the structure, dynamics and function of biomolecules, single
crystal XRD of biomolecules, solution dynamics of biomolecules, bio-toxicity
of new materials and metal complexes at genetic level and new metal complex
based materials for bio-imaging are some of the other research areas being
addressed by the laboratory.

Biochemistry & Biotechnology:

Activities in the area of Biotechnology in CLRI have taken a
definite shape in 1990 after the formation of the Department of Biotechnology.
After 2000 specifically, the focus is in the area of enzyme technology towards
development of potent enzymes by cost effective methods for its application in
leather and allied industries and since 2010, enhanced expression of the proteins
in heterologous systems using modern proteomics and genomic tools. Our
research at the interface of chemistry and biology is intended towards the
generation of novel generic classes of proteins using synthetic chemistry, bio-
computing and target-engineered metabolic circuits. Microbe isolation for
enzymes with desired traits, enzyme characterization, molecular biology for
enhanced expressions and bioprocess optimization up to 500 L scale submerged
fermentation / 100 Kg solid state fermentation are our core strengths.
Biotechnology in leather research comprises many significant areas viz. enzyme
technology, fermentation technology, upscaling facility, waste management,
alternate fuels, microbial control, animal tissue culture, collagen and bio-
products.
Biological Material Laboratory:
Biomaterials Department was established with an aim to understand the patho-
physiology of scarring. Various biological markers with reference to their
expression in abnormal wounds are being identified. On the other hand,
biomaterial based drug delivery systems for enhanced wound healing has been
of major interest which includes collagen based wound dressings. Cytotoxicity
and angiogenic assays are focused for understanding the application of
biomaterials.

Research activities in our Department are oriented towards

Development of electrospun nanofibers encapsulating biomolecules for

tissue regeneration.
Alternate methods of siRNA delivery for wound healing.
Nanoparticle synthesis and their biological applications.
Understanding molecular mechanisms of angiogenic imbalance.
Collagen stabilization with natural and synthetic molecules for leather
application.

(iv)Information Sciences:

Project Planning & Business Development:

Project Planning and Business Development (PPBD) Unit at CSIR-CLRI
is the hub of the Institute interfacing the Indian Leather Industry as well as the
Global Leather Fraternity to the Institute. It also links the various scientific
areas of the Institute and involves in the implementation and coordination of
projects from CSIR and other scientific agencies. It also facilitates scientists to
undertake projects in their areas of expertise. The PPBD coordinates the
activities and monitors the project progress of In-house R&D and convenes
Research Council and Review Meetings.

It works closely with R&D Divisions in formulating project proposals,

facilitates techno-commercial negotiations, technology transfer, outreach and
information dissemination. PPBD also analyses and interprets research findings
and prepares survey reports, socio-economic studies and feasibility reports for
the leather sector.
Centre for High Computing:
The Computer Centre came into existence in CLRI around 1983, and the
present intranet/internet facilities was introduced in 2001. The main duty of the
Computer Centre is to maintain this intranet/internet. It also provides
specification for computers and peripherals, in-house training, troubleshooting
of software used for administrative purposes and participates in R & D. The
softwares developed by the centre include income tax calculation, bonus
calculation, quarters allotment, inventory of non-consumables, guest house
maintenance software etc.
There are six servers available in CLRI and more than 200 nodes are
connected. The core group has 6 staff members including 2 scientists. The
Computer Centre is maintaining more than 250 systems throughout the campus.
The Computer Centre also undertakes training of the staff of the institute in
various fields. A number of students from various educational institutes have
completed their projects as a part of their curriculum.

Knowledge Resource Centre / Library:

All functions of the library have been automated and readers issue cards
and library materials bar-coded. The library catalogue can be accessed through
Internet (limited time) and on the campus wide Intranet. In addition to the
holdings of the library the catalogue can also be accessed for identifying the
papers published by the CLRI staff since the inception of the Institute - around
6500 in all.
IP & Knowledge Portfolio:
CLRI has over the years built up a strong base of a wide range of
technologies. Conscious efforts are made by this Institute to secure appropriate
Intellectual Property (IP) Rights like PATENT (in India and abroad) and
Copyright in respect of the new developments.

While some of the knowledge products, generated by this Institute, have

already been transferred to industry, majority of them are at different stages of
development (Lab scale/Pilot plant level).
(v)Engineering Sciences:

Environmental Science & Engineering:

The Environmental Technology division in CLRI helps Indian Leather
and allied Industries to manage the liquid, solid and gaseous pollutants
generated during the manufacturing processes. Chrome recovery and reuse,
water recovery and reuse from tannery effluents by Reverse Osmosis,
enzymatic liquefaction of fleshing, energy recovery from leather fleshings with
CETP sludge, chromed leather shavings waste, slaughterhouse solid wastes,
whole sale vegetable market complex waste are some of the
accomplished results. Design from Environmental Technology Division,
commission, execution and performance evaluation of Common Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETP/ETPs/STPs) through high rate anaerobic (UASB)
and aerobic (MBR) technologies have been accredited credibly well by the end
users.
Chemical Engineering:
This department has expertise in the areas of

Engineering for Modernization (EFM)

Hazard and Risk Assessment of chemical, leather and allied industries
(CISRA)
Process Design Engineering Packages for Tannery Modernization
Leather Process Control and Automation
Standard Layout for Modern Tannery
Design of Leather Complexes and Development of Indian Leather Sector
Scale up and Development of Chemical Processes (Laboratory & Pilot
Scale)
Leather Process Modelling and Simulation

Engineering Services:
Engineering services comprise of Work shop, Electrical, A/C
maintenance, Instrumentation and Civil. These departments cater to the needs of
R&D and Infrastructure related works. Supervising, Installation and
commissioning of Equipments and Instruments.
Chemical & Biological Pilot plants:
A pilot plant is a pre-commercial production system that employs new
production technology and/or produces small volumes of new technology-based
products, mainly for the purpose of learning about the new technology. The
knowledge obtained is then used for design of full-scale production systems and
commercial products, as well as for identification of further research objectives
and support of investment decisions. Pilot plant is a relative term in the sense
that pilot plants are typically smaller than full-scale production plants, but are
built in a range of sizes.
A chemical plant is an industrial process plant that manufactures (or
otherwise processes) chemicals, usually on a large scale. The general objective
of a chemical plant is to create new material wealth via the chemical or
biological transformation and or separation of materials. Chemical plants use
specialized equipment, units, and technology in the manufacturing process.
Other kinds of plants, such as polymer, pharmaceutical, food, and some
beverage production facilities, power plants, oil refineries or other refineries,
natural gas processing and biochemical plants, water and wastewater treatment,
and pollution control equipment use many technologies that have similarities to
chemical plant technology such as fluid systems and chemical reactor systems.
Some would consider an oil refinery or a pharmaceutical or polymer
manufacturer to be effectively a chemical plant.
Regional Centres of CLRI:
1. Ahmedabad
2. Jalandhar
3. Kanpur
4. Kolkata

Regional Centre for Extension & Development (RCED)

Ahmedabad

RCED Ahmedabad is one of the four extension centres of CLRI. It was

started at Rajkot in 1962, later shifted to Ahmedabad in 1993. The regions
covered are Gujarat and Rajasthan. The centre is fully equipped with Chemical,
Physical & Eco testing Laboratory. This centre has a pilot Tannery which
provides varied services to the industry.
Activities:

Enabling traditional artisans and rural sector

Do-how and show-how based on Gandhian models
Leather chemical testing
Artisanal training in leather and product manufacture
Consultancy and job work
Facilities available at RCED Ahmedabad
Pilot tannery
Leather goods manufacturing unit
Testing facilities
Library

Jalandhar
RCED Jalandhar is one of the four extension centres of CLRI, Chennai. It
was started to benefit the Leather and Leather products industries in the state of
Punjab. The centre is fully equipped with Chemical, Physical & Eco testing
Laboratory. This centre has a pilot Tannery which provides varied services to
the industry.

This centre organises Training programme in Leather goods and leather

garments. The Centre has a pilot tannery unit for providing the following
facilities to the Leather Industry of the region

Consultancy
Process Development
Process Standardization
Propagation of Technologies developed by CLRI
Job work facility
Short-term training programmes in Leather Processing

Facilities Available in Jalandhar:

1. To & Fro Rub fastness Tester SATRA , UK
2. Finish Film Adhesion Tester SATRA , UK
3. Martindale Abrasion Tester SATRA , UK
4. Finish Heat Resistance Tester SATRA , UK
5. Shrinkage Temp. Tester SATRA , UK
6. Grain Crackiness Tester SATRA , UK
7. Sole leather Water- Proof ness Tester SATRA , UK
8. Chisel Scuff Tester SATRA , UK
9. Sole Adhesion Tester SATRA , UK
10. Maeser Flexing SATRA , UK
11.Crock Meter SATRA , UK
12.Spray Tester SATRA , UK
13.Precision Thickness Gauge SATRA , UK
 14.Launder-O-Meter ATLAS, NETHERLAND
15.Light Fastness Tester- -(Xenotest Alpha) ATLAS , GERMANY
16.Temperature Humidity- -Test Chamber BLUE STAR , INDIA
17.Water Vapour-- Permeability Tester PROLIFIC, INDIA
18.Universal testing Machine, Lloyed, UK
19.Flexometer PROLIFIC, INDIA
20.Lastometer PRECISION, INDIA
21.Rub Fastness Tester (circular) PROLIFIC, INDIA
22.Penetrometer PROLIFIC, INDIA
23.UV-VIS-Spectrophotometer ANALYTIK JENA , GERMANY
24.GC-ECD PERKIN ELMER , SWITZERLAND
25.HPLC-DAD SHIMADZU , JAPAN

Kanpur
RCED Kanpur is one of the four extension centres of CLRI. It was
established in 1963 to benefit the Leather and Leather products industries in the
states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The centre is fully equipped with
Chemical, Physical & Eco testing Laboratory. This centre has a pilot Tannery
which provides varied services to the industry.
Activities
Analytical services
Survey of leather and allied industries
Practical demonstrations
Trade counseling
Vocational and Tailor made Training Programmes
Feasibility studies
Propagation of cleaner technologies
Finished leather assessment

Facilities at RCED Kanpur

Pilot tannery
Training facilities for saddle, briddle and harness products
Testing, Evaluation and Certification
Consultancy Services in Leather Processing
Technology Transfer
Quality Control
Technical Opinion
Leather Assessment
 Kolkata
The Kolkata RCED of CLRI is located in Tangra area of Kolkata. It was
established in 1961 and officially inaugurated in April 1962. Since inception,
this centre has been engaged in extension of technology and knowledge to
leather industry in the Eastern region. In true justification of its name, the
centre has been providing a variety of science and technology based services
to the industry and carrying out researches on industry related problems.
RCED-Kolkata is dedicated to the Leather and Leather products industries in
the region and is committed to provide the sector with its best support to help
it realize its full potential.

Specific Activities
Technology extension
Human resource development
Knowledge dissemination and information sharing
Testing, analysis, investigation, evaluation and certification
R&D

Facilities at RCED Kolkata

HPLC
UV-Vis spectrophotometer
BOD incubator
Centrifuge
Pilot tannery
Workshop for manufacturing leather goods
Library

Our services include

1. Technology support
2. Library and Information
3. Human Resource Development
4. Testing and Analysis
5. Performance Evaluations of leather chemicals
6. Certification
7. Consultancy
Industrial Linkages of CLRI:

The Institute has forged strong industry-research linkages through the

Council for Leather Exports (CLE), the All India Skin, Hides, Tanners and
Merchants Association (AISHTMA), the Indian Finished Leather
Manufacturers & Exporters Association (IFLMEA), Indian Shoe Federation
(ISF), the Leather Chemical Manufacturers Association (LCMA), the Footwear
Design and Development Institute (FDDI), National Institute of Fashion
Technology (NIFT), National Institute of Design (NID), National Leather
Development Programme (NLDP), the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers
(IIChE), the Indian Leather Technologists Association (ILTA), etc.

Today many National Institutes and universities are trying to emulate

CLRIs role model in interacting with industry. Indian leather industrys
involvement and response to the Institutes activities have been always
complete.

International Linkages of CLRI:

CLRI has been closely associated with many International Organisations like
UNIDO; FAO; UNDP; TNO (The Netherlands); the British Leather
Confederation (BLC), UK; CTC, France; CESECA, Italy; IRDLAI, Indonesia;
SATRA, UK and IDRC, Canada, CSID, Australia, University of Amsterdam

Awards by CLRI:
Technology Award for Innovation in the year 2015 for Development of
Enzyme Formulation for Rapid Fiber Opening of Skin Matrix.
Patents by CLRI:

The following table gives an overview of the Patent portfolio since April
1999.

Patents
Year Patents Filed Copyrights filed
Granted
for Software
India Abroad India Abroad
1999-
10 03 04 02 09
00
2000-
14 10 03 - 01
01
2001-
11 01 05 02 -
02
2002-
08 12 04 04 01
03
2003-
20 13 07 03 -
04
2004-
07 16 03 05 -
05
2005-
13 19 08 04 02
06
2006-
10 13 10 10 01
07
2007-
06 12 16 09 -
08
2008-
05 01 05 04 01
09
2009-
08 - 03 11 -
10
2010-
11 - 15 01 02
11
2011-
09 03 05 - -
12
2012-
06 01 05 - 1
13
2013- 01 Copyright, 01 Design
13 02 06 -
14 Registration
2014-
29 05 04 - 01 Copyright filed
15
2015-
17 01 10 01 -
16
2016-
10 13 01 - 01
17

COPYRIGHTS for SOFTWARES since April 1998

PRESFOOT - an Integrated Software for prescription of Footwear

Design based on Computational Risk Category Estimation
SPARMUL for multiplication of sparse matrices
MAFFILD, a novel mathematical approach for footwear industry
layout design
LINPRO, a novel fast computing technique for solving linear
programming problems
SCHEDULE, a software for scheduling and sequencing of products in
a multipurpose leather processing unit for optimum utilisation of
resources.
LEACON, capable of visualizing the strength profile of entire leather
in the form of 3-D/2-D graphics and also analysing both qualitatively
and quantitatively different physical data such as lastometer test, tensile
strength etc.
CADGRADE, a software for grading apparels and accessories
DEFECTS DOCTOR, an expert system for identifying processing
defects in aniline glazed goat upper leather
SPECIMEN, an expert system for identifying leather microscopy
specimens
PLOTIT, a software to convert and preview plotter device files and
cutter device files
 DEFECTS DOCTOR, a hyper-text for analysing processing defects in
aniline glazed goat upper leather
SERCONT, an integrated package for serials control in a library
AREACALCI, a software for calculating the consumption norms for
Leather Goods
DERMAPRO, an expert system for project preparation and planning
for Leather manufacturing
TAN INCO SOFT, Tannery Inventory Control software
SCIENTOSOFT , The V.K. Raos Formula for Scientometric studies
on Degree of Collaboration
Software on Estimation of damages to Agricultural land and ground
water

Societal Programs
Several of the activities of CSIR-CLRI have been tuned to ensure that our grass
root workers are provided with appropriate skill to ensure value addition to their
products and outputs.

Some of our recent activities that has met with success are

1. Development and demonstration of technologies for fallen animal

Carcass Recovery and Utilization
2. Development and demonstration of technologies for rural tanning
activity.
3. Development and demonstration of technologies for strengthening rural
leather footwear sector
4. Development of novel leather products based on ethnic designs from
North East.
5. Skill development programs for the under-privileged

Symposium & Conference:

Symposium in 1999
Continuing with this trend, CLRI organized a symposium on Trends in Collagen
in 1999, alongside the XXV International Union of Leather Technologists
and Chemists Societies(IULTCS) Congress. The symposium provided a
forum to revisit our understanding of structure and functions of collagen. The
symposium was special in that the Indian Academy of Science, thought it
appropriate to bring out a special issue on Trends in Collagen in the
Proceedings Chemical Sciences.
Conference in 1999
The International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies
(IULTCS), a century-old London based body has been organising International
Congress once in two years. The XXV Congress was held in India during 27-30
January 1999 where 130 overseas and 400 national delegates were participated.
CLRI has organised this landmark event in association with Indian Leather
Technologists Association (ILTA).
Conference in 2008
Recently CLRI organized an International Conference on Recent Trends
in Collagen to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Central Leather Research
Institute during 24-25 January 2008 where 7 overseas and 164 national
delegates participated.
It is proposed that the conference addressed the important areas
such as

Collagen: Structure and functions

Diseases
Smart biomaterials and clinical applications
Commercial Ventures

By-products Released During Processing & Manufacturing of

Leather & Leather Products:

Products from Advanced Materials Lab

Some new and advanced materials developed from our group include

magnetic nano bio composite using iron oxide nanoparticles,

multifunctional self-doped carbon nano-onion materials,
conducting nano bio composites
biocompatible hybrid collagen-based scaffolds,
flexible composite sheets,
collagen-chitosan bi-functional bio composite materials,
conducting leathers,
magnetic leathers etc.
Enzymatic Products
Fungal Protease for application in Leather Processing.

Health care products:

Collagen sheet
Reconstituted Collagen sheet
Plant based Reconstituted Collagen Substratum
Collagen scaffold for controlled drug delivery
Reconstituted Collagen sponge
Ionically charged Collagen sponge
A novel wound dressing material (Aminograft)
Haemostatic wound healing powder
Haemostatic fibrin sponge
Haemostatic wound healing sheet
Haemostatic wound dressing material ( Haem Gel Band)
Fibrogel - A wound dressing material
Polyacrylate dispersion for sustained drug release

Value Added Products from Slaughterhouse and Tannery

Parchment like material
Fleshing Material
Glue/Gelatin from Tannery wastes
Fallen Carcass Utilisation Technology(FCUT)

Products from Inorganic & Physical Chemistry

Alcrotan
Alutan
Organozir
Spectratan Fe
Ecochrome 2000
Silichrome
Ecosyn
Ecochrome- S
Protac-M
Biotan
Entry Barriers to Leather Industry:
Indias advantage as a source of low cost, skilled labour is quite relevant
to industries such as manufacturing of leather goods and footwear. They are
relatively labour intensive. India has among the lowest cost of labour among
key footwear manufacturing countries. Barriers to entry in this industry is not
due to cheap labour cost and low capital investment.

Competitive Advantage of Leather Industry:

The leather industry can benefit several characteristics from Indian
markets and the corresponding advantages they offer.

Availability of low cost skilled labour

Abundance in raw material
Large and growing domestic market
Govt. regulation
Govt. support
Licensing Policy

Competitors in Leather Industry:

Tata International Ltd.
Farida Shoes Ltd.
Mirza Tanners Ltd.
T. Abdul Wahid & Company
Hindustan Lever Ltd.
Super House Leather Ltd.
RSL Industries Ltd.
Presidency Kid Leather Ltd.

Problems faced by Manufacturers:

Lack of proper working environment
Illiterate and poverty struck workforce
underutilization of capacity due to influx of finished goods from China.
Lack of financial assistance
non availability of design and art centres
absence of technical research and development institutions
absence of training centres
illiteracy causing unawareness of various incentives/promotional schemes
 CHAPTER 3 McKinesys Model

McKinseys 7s model was developed in 1980s by McKinsey consultants

Tom Peters, Robert Waterman and Julian Philips with a help from Richard
Pascal and Anthony G. Athos.

The basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of
an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful. They are divided
inti two type of elements. They are

Hard Elements
Soft Elements

Hard Elements
Strategy - purpose of the business and the way the organization seeks to
enhance its competitive advantage.
Structure - division of activities; integration and coordination
mechanisms.
Systems - formal procedures for measurement, reward and resource
allocation.

Soft Elements
Shared Values
Skills - the organization's core competencies and distinctive capabilities.
Staff - organization's human resources, demographic, educational and
attitudinal characteristics.
Style - typical behaviour patterns of key groups, such as managers, and
other professionals.

Limitations:
This framework, though highly laudable, gives rise to a few vital points,
like:

a) What type of analysis is this? Or what is the action triggered after putting
your organization into this drill?

b) Does this give you real guidelines as to how to proceed further, after the
analysis is completed?
c) Do we treat this as a guideline or checklist and proceed with using other
techniques to formulate further steps?

d) There have been other techniques in vogue which have to be used to arrive at
actionable points. Here too, a similar approach may be needed, as a tool, to
really put this into action.

e) The above seems to be an abstract list of generic elements in any

organization. But to improve each business process, such as Marketing,
Finance, Manufacturing etc., what steps to be initiated is not spelt out.