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ComplexAnalysis RisingStarAcademy 114pages

CSIR Net Notes

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ComplexAnalysis RisingStarAcademy 114pages

CSIR Net Notes

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Swashy Yadav
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© © All Rights Reserved
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bd RISING *%* STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 1 Page 1 | 1.1 Some Basics of Complex Analysis Def. Complex Numbers : A number of the form x-+iy is called a complex number and is denoted by z=x-+iy; where x and y are real numbers and i= V1 . Def. Conjugate of a complex number : If z =x +iy be a complex number then the conjugate of 7 is denoted by 2 , and is.defined as 2= x-iy. Def. Modulus of a complex number : The modulus of a complex number z= x +iy’is denoted by Def. Modulus-argument form or polar form or trigonometric form of a complex number : Every [x+i| and is defined as the non negative real number given by | non-zero complex number 7 =x+iy can be put in the form, =r(cos@-+isin@), where r and @are both real numbers i.e. x+iy =r(cos@ +isin@) =re! . The angle 8 of inclination of the number z, which will always be measured in radians from the positive teal axis, is positive when measured counter clockwise and negative when measured clockwise. The angle 6 is called an argument of 7 and is denoted by 0=arg(z). Def. Principal Argument : The symbol arg(z) actually represents a set of values, but the argument 6 of a complex number that lies in the interval 1 < @< 7 is called the principal value of arg(z) or the principal argument of z. The principal argument of 2 is unique and is represented by the symbol Arg(z) ie, -0 and Re(zp)>0, then Arg(z)z2) = Arg(z,)+Arg(z2) 13. The order relations greater than or less than do not apply to complex numbers i.e., the statements 21> Zp OF 2) is an open set or an open region and is said to be an open disc. SS Def. Bounded Sets : A set Sin the complex plane is bounded if there exists a real number R > 0 such that |z| 2 (ii) -1< Im(z) <4 (iv) Re((2+i)z+1)>0 (y) Im(z) 0 (vii) 2<|z-3+4i]<5 (ili) 1s|2-1-i<2 3. Skeich the set of points in the complex plane satisfying the given inequality (i) O| @ (C087) 608 2) F8inz sin zy “ash z\eosh = sinh 3 sinh 7 Ti) aye 2sy 2 MEDS vanh(z, bay) = lamba Eten tan(si £2) 7 van, tah zy ina £22) = Ty anh tanh zp (i) | sin(-z)=-sinz sinh (-z) -sinhz 3. (ii) | cos(-z)=cosz cosh (=z) = cosh = | | a ‘anh (-2)=—tanh | Te sinh2e= Dein 4, (ii) ‘cosh 2: = cosh? z + sinh? z (iii) tanh stant? @ 3sine = asin? 2 sinh + sinh? = | 3. / Pa Beast cosh = cosh? z3eosh: GD | rae = = ankae «Soha 1=3tan? 2 Ts3tanh? (i) | 2sinAcosB=sin(A+B)+ By 2sinh Acosh B= sinh(A +B) +sinh(A~B) 6g, | Gi) | PeoshsinBeain(A+B)-sn(A—B) | Towsh Asi B=sah(AFB)-sin(AB) (iii) | 2c0sAcosB = c0s(A+B)+005(A—B) 2eosh Acosh B= cosh(A +B) + cosh(A~B) (iv) | Bein Asin B=¢0s(A~B)—c0s(A+B) 2sinh Asinh B= cosh(A + B)—cosh(A —B) 7 gecvamD= 2m Des =D | sancoanm wasn Peon SD | z z Gy sinC—sin D = 2cos© Gmoummpstoat D inh ED ) 2. (ii) | cosc-+e0sD = 2¢0s<*?. cosh C+ cosh D = 2e0sh —*? cos ash =P | esc -csD~ 2s cone tan PD pg =D RISING %& STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET ‘Complex Analysis 1 Page 11 | Def. Complex Logarithmic Function : ‘The complex function logz is defined as, logz = log, z|+farg(z) Results : (8) log(z)z,)=log 4 +logz, ii) te(2}= log 2,—log z, Gi) log 2)" = log 2, 22 Example : Find all complex solutions to each of the following equations : fa) e @) Solution : For each equation e' lei (©) e=-2 , the set of solutions is given by w=logz where logz =log, z|+iare(z) (a) For z=i, we have and arg(z)=—+2n, we obtain ‘4n+1) w= lt fog Ean) > ( a Mi 20,4142 ‘Therefore, each of the values w satisfies the equation e” = (b) For 2=1+i, we have w= log(1+i)=log,/2 #i(E+2ne) (nse > w= tog, 2+ i, 1=0,41,22,... Each value of w is a solution to e” =1+i. (© For 2=~2, we have =2 and arg(z) = 7+ 2m, we obtain w=log(-2 log, 2+i(7+2nz) => — w=log,2+(2n+l)z i, n=0,41,42,.0.. Each value of w is a solution to e” Def. Principal value of the complex logarithm : The principal value of the complex logarithm is | denoted by Logz and is defined as Logz = log, |2| +i Arg(z) ee | 12 Solution : (a) For v ple : Compute the principal value of the complex logarithm (a) Log(i) (b) Log(+i) (©) Log(-2) swe have |2 Logi =log,1+ 7 => (b) For z=1+/, we have |2| Log(i+i) = log, v2 +71 = Log (I+ (c) For z=-2, we have |z|=2 and Arg(z)=_ and so Log(-2)=log, 2+ i Exercise 1.3 Write the given expression in terms of x and y Gi) arg(e)) i) ie* +1 Find all complex values of the given logarithm (i) log(-5) (ii) log(-2+2/) Gil) log| V2 + v6i) (iv) log(-ei) (v) log(1+i) (vi) log(-V3 +i) Write the principal value of the logarithm in the form a+ib (i) Log(6~6') (ii) Log(-e*) Gil) Lo (1+55%)] Gv) Loef(+i)*] Find the real part, imaginary part, modulus and conjugate of the following functions @ fee Gi) fe)=e* Gil) F(e)=0" @) f(e)=sinz (9) fle)=voss———@i)_f(z)esinkz _(vi)_f(2)=coshe Solve the following equations : (i) (ii) eF =1 (iii) (y) sin (vi) sin (vii) cos. (viii) cos. (ix) (x) sinh (xi) cosh RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 87838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 {NET Complex Analysis 1 Page 13 | 6. Show that the complex exponential function, complex trigonometric functions and the complex ‘hyperbolic functions are periodic. Also find their periods. 7, How many real counter parts of above functions are periodic. Find the period wherever applicable. Answers » ar? . a . 1. @ eo (ii) 2x+2nz, n= 041,42... (ii) 1-e*(sin y+icos y) } 3) 61 2. (i log, 5+(2n+1)xi Wy Bop, 2+ gt Gai Bing. 2 (SD oi 1 Gv) 144 (4n43)zi (0) Hog, 2+ 8+) 91 (vi) tog, 2+ 0245) 23 2 2 4 “ 6 3. @ Hog, 72-421 (i) 242 Gi) Sog.2-Fat Gv) 10g, 4427 4. (i) eos yie%sin yse* Gi) ecosx;-e? sinx3e? se™ 2 2 Git) &°* cos(2x9));e°- sin(23y),e°-” 5 (iv) sin xcosh y;cos sinh y; sin? xcosh? y+ eos? xsinh? y;:sinZ () cosxcosh y;~sinxsinh y;/cos? xcosh?,y+sin? xsinh? y ;cosz (wi). sinh.xcos y;cosh xsin y;./sinh? xcos? y + cosh? xsin? y;sinh = (vii) cosh xcos y;sinh xsin y; cosh? xcos? y+sinh? xsin? y;coshF 5. () Suchazdoesnotexist. (ii) 2= Ani, neZ ii) 2=(2n+1)7i,neZ (iv) zen, neZ w) so(4nei)e, neZ (vi) (an-1)5, nez ii) 2-QnsI}%, meZ (vill) 2=2ne,neZ (ix) z=(2n41)x, neZ () z=n7i, neZ Qi) 2=(2ntl)=i, neZ RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob 7838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph, 09728862422 (L-NET SCQ———— = then the number of solutions o the equation 2? =7 is (a) one (c) four (b) two ) infinite 1 At eaiy, then © is equal to ai y @o 1 o4 @s: 3 5 . If 10,0? are the cube roots of unity, then (x-y)(x-ay)(x-07y) is equal to m2 @ Pry fa) x-y @r-y |. The real part of the complex number (1+ i)" is (a 2"? cos (b) 2” cos (©) 2" cosna @ eos" . If x= -2—V3i, then the value of 2x4 453477 +41 is (a) 4431 (©) Brat (&) 4-V3i @) VB-4i . If |z|=|2-I], then (a) Re(z (b) Re(z) (© im(z)=1 (@) Im(z)= 1, then 2=x-+iy lies on (a) the real axis (b) the straight line x=5 (©) the straight line y=5 (@) a circle passing through origin ‘Complex Analysis Assignment 1 Page 15 2z41 8. Ifthe imaginary part of ==** is—2, then the iz+l Yoous of a point representing z, isa (a) circle (b) straight line (© parabola (@ None of these 9. For complex number z,|z+5]° +|z— represents (a)acircle {b) an ellipse (©) atriangle (@)a straight line 10. The correct polar form of the complex number 1-i is + (@) Woe wef (©) Ve 4 @ee 11. If 1,0, are the cube root of unity, then the roots of (x~1)°+8=Oare (@ -L-L-1 (b) -1,1+20,1+207 ©) Le.2o @ -L1-20,1-207 12. If |z—1|=2, then the value of 27 @4 @)2 @l @3 13, The solution of the equation |2|-z=1+ 23 is (@) 1-2% ©) 2-31 © 3424 3 @ 5-2 14, The complex numbers 2, =1+2i,2) = and 23 =1~6i form the vertices ofa (@) right angied tangled (b) isosceles triangle (©) equilateral triangle (@) scalene triangle 15. Anannulus p, <|z—a| 1 () [z]<1 (©) l=1 (@ None of these . The set Sis open, then which of the following is true? (a) S does not contains its boundary points (b) S contains its boundary points (c) Shave its boundary points (@) None of the above . The set S is closed if {a) it does not contains its boundary points (b) it has no boundary points + (©) it contains its boundary points {@ None of the above If 2,2) are pwo complex numbers such that la: +22/=|41|+|z2] Then, it is necessary that (@) 1=2 (6) 22=0 (©) 41=Azy for some real number A @ 42 =00rz,=Az, for some real number A | If 2, and z, are distinct complex numbers such that |z|=|z9|=1 and z, +z) =I, then the triangle in the complex plane with 2),2 and =1 as vertices (@) must be equilateral (b) must be right angle (©) must be isosceles, but not necessarily equilateral (@ must be obtuse angled (CSIR NET June 2013) . The real part of the principal value of 44” is (a) 256cos(In4) (b) 64cos{in4) (©) 16cos(In4) (d) 4cos(in4) (GATE 2004) Lit? —-MCQ-- =a@+if,, then which of the following is /are true ? RISING * STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Pawer Hause,Dethi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 NET Complex Analysis 2 Page 17 | 2.1 Analytic Functions Def. Limit of a complex functic + Suppose that a complex function f is defined ina deleted neighborhood of z) and suppose that L is a complex number. The limit of fas ¢ tends to zp exists and is equal toL , written as lim f(2)~L, if for every © >0, there exists a 6>0 such that [f()-Z| where w=u+iv isan analytic function. Solution : By Cauchy — Riemann equations, we have au, tivy de Now, since w=u+iv > (2) By (1) and (2), we obtain RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439729,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delbi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 2 Page 19 | ow ‘urther , = Further. > ow = ae GB % ) ad By (1) and (3), we have => ae dw ‘Thus , we have =z Results : L Linz) =cose 2. 3. S(uanz) see? 4. (cots) =—cosec?z 5. 4(secz)=seez tanz 6. £(cosec#)=-cosecz cotz dz dz 7. £(sinhz) = coshz 8, 4(coshz)=sinhz dz dz 9. 4 (tanh z)=sech? z dz 11. LGeechz)=-sech 2 tunhz a Exercise 2.1 - Determine the points on which the following functions are continuous, differentiable and analytic : ® F(2=c Gi) f(z) =polynomial function Gil) £(z)=sinz (iv) f(z)=cosz @) f(2)=e (vi) f(z)=sinhz (vii) f(z)=coshz . Determine the points on which the following functions are continuous, differentiable and analytic : @ f(2)=tanz (i) f(z)=seez (iii). F(z)=cotz —_(iv)_£(z)=coseez (9) F(2)=tanh (vi) f(e)=sechz (vii) f(z)=cothz (viii) f(z)=cosechz 20 3, Determine the points on which the following functions are differentiable : @ F(2)=Re(z) Gi) F(2)=Im(z) Git) £(2) @) #@)=H1 ©) F(2) z (i) £(2)=(2?+y)+i(»?-x) (vii) f(z) is Rational function (viii) f(z) = Arg(z) (ix) f(z)=Logz (3) f(2)-Loe @?-) w Answers 1. continuous,differentiable and analytic everywhere in all parts 2. (ji).Gi) continuous,differentiable and analytic everywhere except at z= (2n+ 05. neZ Giii),@v) continuous,differentiable and analytic everywhereb except at z=n7, neZ (v),(vi) continuous,differentiable and analytic everywhere except at. z=(2n +08, neZ (vii), (viii) continuous differentiable and analytic everywhere except at z=nzi, ne Z 3. (i) continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable and analytic. (Gi) conti ous everywhere but nowhere differentiable and analytic. (ii) continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable and analytic. (iv) continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable and analytic. (v) continuous everywhere , differentiable only at (0,0), nowhere analytic. (vi) continuous everywhere, differentiable on the line y = 2x , nowhere analytic. (vii) continuous differentiable and analytic everywhere except for finitely many points where the denominator is zero. (viii) continuous, differentiable and analytic everywhere except at non-positive real axis. (ix) continuous, differentiable and analytic everywhere except at non-positive real axis. 2.2 Harmonic Functions Def. Harmonic function : A real function ¢(x,y) of two variables x and y is said to be Harmonic if it ar satisfy the Laplace equation i.e. $.oe =0 ie, V7 =0 and second order partial derivatives of ¢ are continuous. Result : The real and imaginary part of an analytic function are harmonic. RISING * STAR ACADEMY} 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122, [NET Complex Analysis 2 Page 21 | Def. Harmonic conjugate ; Let (x,y) and v(x,y) are harmonic functions, then v(x,,) is said to be Harmonic Conjugate of (x,y), if the function f(z) =u(x,y)+iv(x,y) is analytic. Note: Harmonic conjugacy is not a symmetric property. ‘Methods to construct harmonic conjugates : 4. Exact differential method : Case (i): When w is given and vis to be constructed : (@) Verify that wis harmonic, () Let OM eH yg ya ee because u(sx,y) is Hams} Then v= [ M det [(terms in Nnbt.containing x}dy+C y constant X When v is given and w is to be constructed : (@) Verify that v is harm om _@y 4 N_ and Se a a? aM aN (ev. ev)_ av ey . Se (S-Z3)-0 [ioe S45 on 9) amen Then w= —f M d+ {(terms in Nnot containing x)dy+C 22 2. Milne’s Thompson Method : Case(i): Ifwis given: f(z)= [[u,(z.0)-in, (2,0) d+ Case(ii): If vis given: f(z)= [[v,(2,0)+ir,(z,0)]de+C CaseGiii): If wv is given : (@ wehave f(z)=utiv ) if(2)siemv 2) ‘Adding (1) and (2), we have (+i) f(z)=(u-v)+i(uty) or F(z)=U+iV, where F(z)=(I#i) f(z), Usu-v, Veuty ‘Now the problem reduces to construct an analytic function F(z) whose real part is given. (b) Proceeding as in case (i), find F(z) by using the formula F(2)= [[U,(z,0)-iU, (2,0) Jaz + © Find f(2) byasing (()=ZE) Case(iv): If u+v is given : (a) wehave f(z)=u+iv seven) if(2)=i0-y 2) ‘Adding (1) and (2), we have (141) (2)=(u-v) +i(uv) or F(z)=U +iV, where F(z)=(1+i) f(z), U=u-v, Veuty Now the problem reduces to construct an analytic function F(z) whose imaginary part is given. (b) Proceeding as in case (ii), find F°(z) by using the formula F(2)= [[¥,(2.0)+i7, (2,0) Jee + Exercise 2.2 1. Find the regular function whose imaginary part is v= e(xsin y+ ycos y). 2. Show that the function u(x, y) = x° Say? is harmonic and find the corresponding analytic function, 3. Show that the function u(x, y) = e* cosy is harmonic. Determine its harmonic conjugate v(x, y) ( RISING * STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 43929,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 NET Complex Analysis 2 Page 23 | and the analytic function f(z) =u+iv. 4, Determine the analytic function whose real part is x? -3xy?+3x?-3y?+2x+1. 5. Show that u(x, y) = &~*(xsin y~ycosy) is harmonic and find v(x, y) such that f(z) =u+iv is analytic 6. Prove that ¢(, ») = fog {(x-1)'+(y-2)}} is harmonic in every region which does not include the point (1,2). 7. Show that u = ioe? +y?) is harmonic and find its harmonic conjugate, 8.1f f(2)=u-+iv is an analytic function of z, find f(z) if u-v=(x-y) (x? #4xy+y?) sin2x 9. uty= ay cos dx and f(z) =u+iv isan analytic function of z,then find (2) in terms of z. 10. If w= ¢+iy represents the complex potential for an electric field and y = x? determnine the function 6. 11, Let u(x, y) = e*(xcos y— ysin y) be the given functions. Show that it is possible to find a function v(x, y) such that f(z) = u(x, ») ¢iv(x, y) is analytic, and then find v(x, y) and f(z) by both the methods discussed above. Finally note the essential difference between these two methods. 12. Prove that w= y?—3x"y is a harmonic funotion. Determine its harmonic conjugate and find the corresponding analytic function f(z) in terms of z, 13 . Find the analytic function whose real part is given and hence the imaginary past : ( e*siny i) sin xcosh y 14 . Find the snalytic function whose imaginary part is given and hence find the real part (i) cosxcosh y iy = vty 15. If uty = sind = find the corresponding analytic function f(2) = u-+iv P40 —2e0s2x cosx+sinx 16.1f f(z) =u-+iy isan analytic function of 2 = x-+iyand y—v= £—SOS* +89 cosh y—cosx sfind f() 24 subject to the condition (2) Answers Lflenite 2 flere 3.v%,y)-e%sinyso, f(x)-e 4d where d=ic 5. v(x, y)=e%(xcosy+ysiny) +c! where c! Fi c 8. fai +e ae, where of Ti 10.g=-2y+zXzHe 1. WH y)=eMasiny+ yoosy) +e vty 12. f(z) =i(2* +0) ) V(x, y) =e cosy += Go 0 Sie Lann 8 ' 5 i 14.) sinx sinhy+e i) as pte ey i el eX Lo 15. f(z) = cotz+&- = 1 (14) cotz +c’, dat cotecla-s SE) Fy ete tT = U4) cote +e! where c= == 16. fle) = coty2 450-1) RISING ® STAR ACADEMY A RISING ¥%& STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metra Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 NET ScQ- = 1, Ifthe function f(z) is continuous at 2), then (a) f(z) is differentiable at 29 {b) (2) is not necessarily differentiable at 2 (©) f(z) is analytic at 2 (@) None of the above . Ifa function f(z) is analytic at a point z= 2y, then which of the following statements js false? (@) fis differentiable at 25 (b) fis not continuous at 29 (©) fis defined at 29 (@) fis continuous at 29 . The function f(z) =|2)° is (@) everywhere analytic (b) nowhere analytic (©) analytic at 20 (d) None of these . The function f(z) =||? is differentiable at @) #=0 -Q) 240 (©) nowhere \c@) None of these . The function f(z) =secz is (@) analytic for all z (b) analytic for z= (©) not analytic at z “5 (@ None of these . 17%) is analytic in a domain D, then (@) fz exist in D (b) fz does not exist in D (©) #20 for all nin D (€) None of the above Complex Analysis Assignment 2 Page 25 | 7. The only function among the following, that is analytic, is (@) f(z)=Re(z) © f(2)=F (b) S(2)=Im(z) @ f(e)=sinz 8. The Cauchy-Riemann equations for S(z)=u(x,9)+iv(x, y) to be analytic are 10. If w=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) isan analytic function of z= x-+iy, then * equals ow (@) is ioe ow a (a) 1 @F @ a 11. In order that the function f(z) = ci #0 Zz be continuous at =0, we should define (0) equal to, @2 @)-1 12.1f f(z) is analytic and equal u(x,y)+iv(x,y), then f"(z) equals eu (b) me (@) None of these 13. The value of m so that 2x—x? + my? may be harmonic is (ao (b)1 (2 @3 14. A function is said to be harmonic, if eu ey art ae” 15. 1, vate called conjugate harmonic functions, if (a) w, vate harmonic functions and wiv is analytic fun (b) u,v are harmonic functions and 1+ ivmay not be analytic function. (©) uvare harmonic functions. (@) u+iv is analytic function, 16. If w+iv is analytic function, then dv is equal to a 2 au 4 , ou tre ere ) a? + au, u ) i May @ +—dy dy eu ou © Fee 17, Ananalytic function is ) infinitely differentiable (®) finitely differentiable (© not differentiable @ None of the above 18. Let f:C > C be a complex valued function given by f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,»). Suppose that v(x,y)=3xy?. Then (@)f cannot be holomorphic on C fora suitable choice of u. (®) f is holomorphic on C for a suitable . Consider the functions (2) choice of w. (©) f isholomorphic on C for all choices of u. (@) vis not differentiable as a function of x and y. (CSIR NET June 2011) Let f:C+C bea complex valued function of the form f(x,y)=u(x,y)+ir(x,y). Suppose that u(x, y)=3x?y. Then (a) cannot be holomorphic on C for any choice of v. (b) fis holomorphic on C for a suitable choice of v. (©) fis holomorphic on C for all choices of v. @ uis not differentiable. (CSIR NET June 2012) |. Let f be a real valued harmonic function on C, that is, satisfies the equation 2p Be 2L ZL 4. Define the functions a oy fF neh oy x ay Then (@) gand h are both holomorphic functions/ (b) gis holomorphic, but h need not be holomorphic. (©) his holomorphic, but g need not be holomorphic. (@) both g and hare identically equal to the zero function. & (CSIR NET June 2015) . Let u(x,y)=2x(1-y) for all real x and y, Then, a function v(x,y), so that S(z)=u(x,y)-+i0(x,y) is analytic, is @ #-(y-17 (b) (x-1-y? © (x-1P +9? @ 2+(y-1P (GATE 2010) ? iy? and g(z)=x? +)? +ixy. At 2=0, (a) fis analytic but not g (b) g is analytic but not f (©) both fand g are analytic (@) neither fnor g is analytic RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 (NET (GATE 2008) 23. Consider a function f(z)=w +iv defined on |e-i] <1, where u, v are real valued functions of x, y. Then, fz) is analytic for u equals to @ ese @) In(x?-+y*) 22 @ er (GATE 2003) (©) e” 24, At z=0, the function f(z) =272" (@) does not satisfy Caueby Riemann equations (b) satisfies Cauchy Riemann equations but is not differentiable (©) is differentiable @) is analytic (GATE 2003) 25, Which of the following is not the real part of an analytic function ? @ 2-37 o— 142x745? (©) cosxcosh y Ons way (GATE 2006) 26. The function sinz is analytic in (@) CUfa} (b) C except on the negative real axis ©) Cufo} @e (GATE 2001) 27. f(z)=e? (cosx+isinx) is (@) an entire function () analytic in 22 +4y? <24 (©) nowhere analytic (@) differentiable everywhere except 2=0 28. f(z)=e”(cosx+isinx) is (@) an entire function (b) analytic in x? +4y? < 24 Complex Analysis Assignment 2 Page 27 | (©) nowhere analytic @) differentiable everywhere except 2=0 —----MCQ 1, Let f:C—> Cbe an analytic function, Forz =xtiy, let w, v:R? > R be such that u(x, y)=Re f(z) and v(x, y)=Im fe). Which of the following are correct ? @ 0 ey ox Fu © Fay Ber ev Oy _, © Fay" aye (CSIR NET June 2013) (b) 2. Let u(x+iy)=x3 ~3xy? +2x, For which of ‘the following functions v, is u-+iv a holomorphic function on C ? (a) v(x+iy)=y?-3x?y+.2y () v(x+iy)=3x7?y—y5 +2y (©) v(x+iy)=x* ~3xy? 42x @ v(x+iy)=0 (CSIR NET Dec 2014) RISING ** STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 NET Complex Analysis 3 Page 29 3.1 Complex Integration by Direct Computation Are: The equation 2(/)= x() +iy(t),a a, (2—z9)" = ay +a,(z~zo)-+ (2-2) +.. is = called a power series. The co-efficients a,'s are complex constants and the point zo is called the centre of the power series. If we substitute z-zp =¢ then the above power series takes the form a, é". m= Def. Absolute Convergence : The power series a, 2” is said to be absolutely convergent if the series Llenllz is convergent. RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 3 Page 35 | Def. Conditionally Convergent : The power series 7a, £" is said to be conditionally convergent if = Lay 2" is convergent but Y°|a,{|z[" isnot convergent. Def, Radius of convergence : Let )'a, (z~zp)" is a power series. A non-negative number R is said = to be radius of convergence of given power series if the power series converges for |2—29|R. . Def. Circle of convergence : The circle |z~2|=R in the above definition“is called circle of convergence. Formula : » Provided the fimit on the R-H.S: exist. Cauchy Root Test : Let x, be a series of complex numbers and lim |y,[n =/ . Then the series is s nro @) convergent if /<1. Gi) divergent if 7>1. Giii) test fails at /=1. D’ Ratio Test : Let )°u, bea series of complex'numbers and lim [Ht] =. wool ty ‘Then the series is @) convergent if /<1. (ii) divergent if />1. (iii) test fails at /=1. Investigation on the boundary : 1. Direct computation on sorhé simple points, 2. Using Contra-positive Test : If lim 1, #0 then the series is not convergent. 3. Geometric series never converges on the boundary. \ ~ 4. Dirichlet Test: If the series ))a,,, is such that inl | |zo| - . The sum function of a power series is analytic with in its circle of convergence, . A power series can be differentiated term by term with in its circle of convergence. The radius of convergence of the differentiated power series is same as that of original series. auey . A power series can be integrated term by term with in its circle of convergence. 7. fradius of convergence of a power series a, 2” is R then 1 (i) Radius of convergence of 7a,* 2" is R*. (ii) Radius of convergence of a, 2" is R¥. (iii) Radius of convergence of S7n*a,2" isR. (iv) Radius of convergence of S>n"a,z" is 0. 8. Radius of convergence of a power series is the distance of the nearest singularity of its sum function from the centre of the power series, Exercise 3.3 1. Find the radius of convergence of the following power series : . nh " ys (iy) YS Gi) rae +i” ww re @ YG+ni"2" wy rt nt” w ca nP ~~ oy nV2+i . b +1) b(b+1) (v0 Soe 2 on $(RE ry eek (x) 28 28s + (xii) yee (xiii) ys ln2” mi (xvi) la rl «ind en" rat (n+1)° (vii) lint) mee = es ny 1 (xv) x2) 2 (xviii) +z Slogn 28-A, Sin Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122, (NET ‘Complex Analysis 3 Page 37 Giy DY (2" + amt) (xx) }4,2",4, =number of divisors of n®° (xxi) yz!” mi =a (xxii) ¥) p(m)z”, p(x) be a polynomial of the real variable x of degree k 21 E= (xxiii) ¥ (nog n)2" (xxv) Saco rs 2. Find the domain of convergence of the following series : By peas wE' (ori) (tes) w < 1 Eee © aay * an * (wii) z ore (vii) Be 3. Investigate the behavior on the boundary of circle of convergence of the following series : aan — Gi) Dire é Gi) Y mi? 4. Without expanding the following function about the indicated point and find the radius of convergence. E agH2+Si Gi) S(z)=cotz , m=7i Gili) f(z j-t » malt 1. @ Ree Gi) R=2 (iv) R=e (vw) R=0 (vi) R=1 (wii) R=0 (ix) R=1— (®) Rew (xi) R=1 (aii) Ret (xiv) R=4° (xv) R=1 (xvi) R=2 (xvii) R=2 (xviii) R=1 (xix) R=1 (xx) R=0 (xxi) R=1 Goxii) R=1 (xxiii) R= (xxiv) R=0 Gow) R22 2. (i) |z-2iJ<1 Gi) nowhere convergent — iii) [z+ i}e V5 (iv) [zf [z|/<1 @) |24ipl (wi) [z414i>2 (vii) C (viti)|2] Cis a closed recitifiable curve i a. and ag , then—— | — is 7} tens N23 (b) rations! number (d) complex number (@) on imeger (©) seal number 6. Cis closed contour |z|=r and n#~1, then Lea is equal to (@ 2x1 () 2 @1 @o 7, The value of [ 7de, where Cis circle z zeae”, 0505 Or =I i OF OF 12, IfCiseirle [z-al=r, then [is za (a) 2a (b) ~22 (©) zi @o 13. WCisacisole f2f=t, then (7dr is (@) xi 40 (c) 0 (d) None of these a 14, The value of [ aey® is s-2(2 81i_-o (a) 2xie? (b) > (@o © # de 15. The value of if Cis the circle (2-2) [e|[=3 is (a) e ©é ) 7 (® Note of these 16. The integral I £057 de equals Here (©) -7i @) -287 (@) zi (©) 2x1 17, Let T denote the boundary of the square whose sides lie along x=+1 and y=+1, where I’ is described in the positive sense. 2 2243 (b) 2a (@)-28i Then, the value of f. dz is zi OT ©o . The value of f"(z)Pde along the line 2y=x is (@ 3@+i) 3 © (2-i) 5 b) 2(2- &) 5-1) (@ None of these . If f(z) is an analytic function and f"(z) is continuous at each point within or on a closed curve C, then [.f(z)dz= @ (b)1 ©) 0 (@) None of these 20. The integral given below equals iz , where Cis circle |z—1|=6 is @ 2s (0 ©) ai) Dr 21. If (z)be an analytic function inside and on the boundary of a triangle, then 4, S(2)a= (a) © 1 0 (@ None of these 22. If Cis the curve y=x* —3x? +4x-1, joining the two points (1,1) and (2,3). The value of [1227 ~4iz) dz is (a) -156+387 (b) 156-387 (©) 38+156i (@) 38-156 23. [.2"de, where Cis the circle with centre 0 and radius 2 equals (a) 4x7 (6) 2ai 4 @o 24. Let I be any circle enclosing the origin an oriented counter clockwise, then the value of the integral fe is 2 (@ 2x (©) -2n1 (b)0 (@) undefined integration is a circle with originated centre and radius r, the Cauchy’s theorem is applicable, whenever r equals @1 ®2 ©3 (@) Land 2 The value of sh 5 Where C:(r—4e0s)(r-2c0s6)=0 is @P w2 Fe wo . For the positively oriented unit circle 2Re(z) fu z+2 @o (©) 2x1 () ai (d) 4x RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 (NET 28. Let I be the curve T=2+ 40050, (0$0<2n). If y= 4 a d: d Iy= | 2. Then, and Iy= | 2. Then @ h=h © 2wheh (b) 4=21, @) 1=0, 2, #0 29. Putting z=0, reduces to..., where C'is the circle |z|=1. (s- z ©) dese Here... means 2a1)de @ fot (26 -1)ae © 5 (GATE 2007) . The radius of convergence of the power series of the function f(z): 1 about zehis 4 @! + 2 @o (GATE 2002) . The radius of convergence of efit n 42 @o (GATE 2006) {aye (b) a @1 e 39. fae], where £ is any rectifiable arc joining the points =a and 2=b is equal to (@ b-a (b) |b-a| (©) are length of L @o 40. The power series }°2"2?" converges if m= @) [e]<2 © blsv2 (®) [:]<2 @ b 2”', The radius a of convergence of this series is (a) 0 (b) © 1 (@) areal number greater than 1 (CSIR NET Dec 2012) - Let p(x) be a polynomial of the real variable x of degree k 21. Consider the power series F(2)=D2 yp(n)2" where z is a complex variable. Then the radius of convergence of iz) is @0O (1 Ok @e (CSIR NET June 2014) - Let )'5a,2” be a convergent power series such that lim, y,“™1=R >0. Let p bea ay polynomial of degree d. Then the radius of convergence of the power series De gP(n)a,2" equals @R (ed (RA (A) Red (CSIR NET Dec 2014) . Consider the following power series in the complex variable 2 : o oon S(z)= Dnlognz", g(z)= )—2" If nel na ® rR ate the radii of convergence of f and g respectively, then (a) r=0,R © r=LR=0 (b) r=1,R=0 (@) r=0,R=1 (CSIR NET Dec 2015) 46. Let P(x) bea polynomial of degree d 22. The radius of convergence of the power series DY P(n)z" is: m= @o © (b) 1 (@) dependent on d (CSIR NET June 2016) Let f(z) be continuous on a contour C of length Lea is (be) 2ML (d)ML . Suppose that a function f is continuous in a domain D, then among the following statements Lf has primitive in D I. The integra of f(z) along any path lying in D between any two fixed points in D is independent of path IL. The integral of f(z) along every closed contour in D is zero. Codes (a) Timplies 11 but not IL (b) 1 implies 11 but not implied by 1 (©) Timplies 11 and Mt but not implied by either of I or IIL (@) All the statements are equivalent Which of the following is correct ? (a) Morera’s theorem is exact converse of Cauchy’s theorem (6) Morera’s theorem is valid for all functions f(z)ina domain for which [ f(z)dz=0 RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 (NET (©) Morera’s theorem is short of converse of Cauchy’s theorem (@) None of the above The radius of convergence of the power series n+l S@=Zaapeay” * @! (2 ©3 Wa The radius of convergence of the power series D(ns2i)" 2" is (0 © (b) one (d) None of these ar . The radius of convergence of x0 +) Zis fe ; 1 ©e Oa (2 converges, then (b) fe|s v2 (@) |e -1] <2 , Ifthe series Sn(f Be Tei @ ers © fPalevt . The series = converges at 4b) z=1 (@) None of these (@)z=0 (z=2 ‘The centre of convergence of S°(n+2i)"2" is @o Ty 1 @2 @3 F(2)=3.a,(2=a)" have radius of convergence R>0, then (@) for n<0, a, te) (0) for n20, a,=0 Complex Analysis Assignment 3 Page 43 57. If f is analytic in a ball B(a;R) and |F(2)|sat.v2¢B(aR), then wf (a)2 ae (@) None of these © [f%(a)=ma . The series SF ct seis SE is (a) uniformly but not absolutely convergent (b) uniformly and absolutely convergent (c) absolutely convergent but not uniformly convergent (@) convergent but not uriiformly . If f(z) is analytic within a cirsle C, given by lz-2)J=R and it [f(2)|<4¥ on C, then eed nia nM Ome z (@)None of these A bounded entire function is constant, This statement is (a) Cauchy’s theorem 4b) Liouville’s theorem (¢) Morera theorem (@) Schwarz lemma ‘The theorem if for alt xin the entire complex plane, the function f(z) is analytic and bounded, then f(z) must be a constant is named after (a) Morera (©) Jordan (©) Cauchy @) Liowville RISING % STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET ‘Complex Analysis 4 Page 45 4.1 Expansions Taylor's theorem : Let f(z) be an analytic function inside a circle C with centre at a, then forall z ee inc, $= OAM pays fae-g + LOM , LOGO", ied y y Corollary : Let f(z) be analytic inside a circle C with centre at a, then f has a Maclaurin series expansion £(0) “(0 “(0 f= EL0- 12202 £02... Laurent’s Theorem : Let f(z) be analytic inside and on the boundary of the ring shaped region & bounded by two concentric circles C; and C) with centre at ‘a’ and radii ry and rz (72 0 and C for n<0. (2) In the above Laurent’s series, the series of negative powers of (z-a) ie. )°2,(z—a) is called mi the principal part of Laurent’s expansion of f(z). On the other hand, the series }.a,(2—)" is m0 called regular part. (3) Some familiar expansions: ! @ valid for all z di) valid for all 2 Gil) valid for all 2 (iv) 13,2, aE bo valid for all z 2 ) E424... valid forall z 31 2 4 | wi) coshz=142-42 4204... valid forall z 2! 4! 6! (viii) tanh z= 2 es +2 ay enue Valid for all z (viii) sl+z+2? +234... valid for (ix) m w2+2?—23 4... valid for |2|<1 z &) (xi) Exercise 4.1 In problems 1-6, expand the given function in a Laurent series valid for the given annular domain. 2s) 4. f(z) 6. f(2)=z00s4,0<|q| 2 In problem 7-12, expand f(2' in a Laurent series valid for the indicated annular domain. 2(z-3) 7. 0<|z|<3 8. [z|>3 9. O<|z-3|<3 RISING *%* STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 4 Page 47 10, |z-3)>3 IL. 1<|2-4|<4 12. 1<|z+I]<4 In problem 13-16, expand f(z Tae in a Laurent series valid for the given annular domain. 13. 1<|z]<2 14. |2]>2 a |< Fl Lua 15. O<|z-1|<1 16. 0<|z-2)<1 at e @ In problem 17-20, expand (# in a Laurent series valid forthe given annular ( (2#1)(2-2) domain. 17. 0<|z+1|<3 18, |z+1]>2 19, 1<|2]<2 20. 0<|z-2)<3 In problem 21 and 22, expand f(z)= in a Laurenit Series valid for the given annular domain. 2(1- 21. O @=2)Ay In problem 23 and 24, expand /( domain, , 23. 0<|z-2)<1 we 24. O m, then the singularity z = a is called a pote of order m of fiz). Thus if z= a is a pole of order m, then j(z) has ‘an expansion of the form : S(2)= Ya,(2~a)" + S5,(2-a)" = E on(s-2 +h(2-0)+hy(2-0)? +. - Sale-ay eh (ena) (2-9) = = Where g(z) is analytic and $(a) = bm #0. (z-a) Theorem : Pole of order n : A function fanalytic in a punctured disc 2=2) and 4(z)#0. 0<|z—zo| is a rational function where deg(p(z))=m and If mSn then 2=0 is removable singularity. (i) If m>n then 2=0 isa pole of order m-n. Def: Transcedental Entire Function : A non-constant, non-polynomial entire function is called a transcendental entire function. Three important Characterizations: 1. Anentire function is analytic at z = iffit is a constant function. 2. An entire function has a pole at z= co of order k iff it is a polynomial of degree k. 3. An entire function has isolated essential singularity at z =o iff itis a transcedental entire function. OR Let f(z) be an entire function then finite iff f(z) is constant lim f(z) =40 iff f(z) is a polynomial does not exist iff f(z) is transcedental Def. Meromorphic funetion : A function f is meromorphic if itis analytic throughout a domain D, except possibly for poles in D. 1 Pel Example: f(z)= Exercise 4.3 Determine singularities in C of the following : ef 41 6 (e-em RISING *%* STAR ACADEMY} 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 NET Complex Analysis 4 Page 55 10. fe) 13. f(z)=e 25. 1) cot xz ~, | 2=0 is nomisolated essential singularity, 1 . 0 i ze are simple poles and| Simple pole at cs 1) 2Qnn& reo analytic elsewhere. \ | 2. é Analytic everywhere Isolated Essential ‘At 2=0, isolated essential singularity and 22, Analytic at 2= 0 analytic elsewhere. | 60 23. cal Analytic everywhere Isolated Essential 2=0, is an isolated essential singularity 24. Analytic at 2= 00 and analytic elsewhere. 4.4 Residues Residue at a finite point : Let 2 be an isolated singularity of a function f and R be the positive number s.t. fz) is analytic at each point z for which |2—zo| a “agi O* The number 6,, which is the coefficient of in expansion (1) is called the residue of f at the 1 (2-2) isolated singularity zo. We use the notation Res( f(z);2) ie., Res(f(z)sz0 1 arte Theorem 1 : If fis analytic at zp, then Res[ f(z); 29 } ‘Theorem? : If has a removable singularity at 2 , then we have Res{_ S(2):20]=0. Theorem 3 : If fhas an isolated singularity at and if fis even in z~z9, ise, f(2-29)=S(-(2—20)), then Res[ f(z); z0]=0 Proof : Suppose that fis even in z~z). Then the Laurent series expansion around zy cannot have odd powers of z—2Zp. Hence, the assertion follows. Theorem 4 : Residue at a Simple Pole Iffhas a simple pole at z=z9, then Res(f(z),2)= lim (z-z9) f(z). 929 —_— RISING * STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET ‘Complex Analysis 4 Page 61 | ‘Theorem 5 : Residue at a Pole of Order n Iffhas a pole of order n at z=zo, then Res( f (z),z im 2 a Gast, ge 20) F() Theorem 6 + Suppose a function fan be written as a quotient 1-8, where gand/h are analytic at 2=29. If g(zp}#0 and if the function # has a zero of order 1 at zo, then fhas qsimple eta nS pole at 2=zy and Res(/(z), 29)<8 a) AY (20) Theorem 7: Cauchy’s Residue Theorem : If D is a simple connected domalig and C is a simple closed contour ying entirely with in D. 8 function‘ is analytic within sient except ata finite number of isolated singularities z;,22,..,%_ within C, hen f, 5 (e)de oat BRes(F(2)-z2) _¢ a Residue at the point af infinity : Let be analytic in a d81cl€d neighborhood of the point at infinity, then Res(f(z);e) a free. \ In other words, Res( /()ic0) isthe negaive phe coefficient of + inthe Laurent series expansion of F(z) with centre at the point at infin Results :- . 1, Res((z);00) =—Res| 2. If fand g are-analytic in a deleted neighborhood of Zp andifaandb eC, then Res[af(z)#bg(2);29] = aRes[_f (z);2)]+bRes[_g(z);20} 3.°If f(z) has an isolated singularity at a eC with nonzero residue at z=, then the residues of Yo{e) and (2-0) f"(z) at z= are zero, 4. Mf f has an isolated singularity at a, and c is a non-zero complex number, then f(cz) has an isolated singularity at anaes] steve] =tResf 4(2);0] | 62 Iff is analytic at oo and has a zero of order (22) at o, then Res[ f(z);0]=0 2 Iff is analytic at co and has a simple zero at ©, then Res[ f(z);20] =-limz f(z) Iff has a pole of order n at «0, then Res[ f(z); co] = lim ni? /(04D (2) In the case when f is analytic at co, then this formula continues to hold if n=0. . Let p(z) and g(z) be polynomials with no common zeros, and with degrees m and n, respectively. If ne)=28., then (H f has a removable singularity at 00, if n> m Gi) Res[ f(z);@]=0, if n=m+2 Exercise 4.4 In problem 1-6, use an appropriate Laurent series to find the indicated residue. 1. f(2)= Eerste 2),1) 2. £@)==—— 7a pike (2) 0] Res(f(z),0) 4. somes pmi Res(f(z),0) 6. FER: .2) In problem 7-16, find the residue at each pole of the giver function. 4z+8 1. Sea § 1-35 1 9 Sea ae 10. (Gan 527-4243 22-1 11. SOG ae) 2 1 yea 13. f(z) Fe? 14. f(z 15. f(z)=secz 16. (= zsinz RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 4 Page 63 In problem 17-20, use Cauchy’s residue theorem, where appropriate, to evaluate the given integral along the indicated contours. 1 17. lene? () |: © \4\=3 18. oa @ [e[=1 () [e-2if=1 © ke-2\=4 é a : kX 19, fe? ae @ [es ) erif=2 Os é 2. maine @ |z-2i=1 (b) |z-2f=3. <= © [el=5 é In problem 21-34, use Cauchy's residue theorem to evaluate the given integral along the indicated contour, 2. 2. 25. 27. cot 28. -dz,C: Ee 29. footwzde,C is the rectangle defined by c 22-1 1. is the rectangle defined by x=~2,x=1, 31. Jace +P =16 64 cosz 32. layers 33. f H jee is the semicircle defined by y=0, y=V4—x? ene 4 34. fet? de,Cfe-1=3 é 3 35. Find the residue of —7— at z= 00. Pal : Answers 120 26 3.3 4-4 5.0 Gad, 3 3 é 7 Res(f(2),—4i)=3,Res( f(2).4i) 8. Real ree }es 9. Res( f(z)l)=Z.Res(f(2).-2)=— Real 4 (2),0)=—4 i 4 11. Res( f(z),-1)=6,Res(f(z),-2)=—31,Res(/(z),-3)=30 12. Res(f(z),-3): 10. Res(f(z),1+4)=—2,Res(f(z),1=i) 4 eee 256 26) 2x4 13, Res(f(z),0) Res(f(z).7 4. Res(f(z),2nri)=1, n=0,41,42..... 15. Re 16), CDE) (ay not. 6. Res( /(2).0}=0.Res (2) ra) » NEHA 17. 02%:0 18, -r+Zizx-2i0 19. xiyais0 20. 040;0 9 2 2 21 Fi 22. -20n1 23.0 24, mi RISING *% STAR ACADEMY Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 28-A, Jia Sa 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power HouseDelhi Road, Rohtak , Mob : 09728862122 [NET Complex Analysis 4 Page 65 | -2 28. 2nicoshl 26. (4s |e 27. -4i 29. 65 30. 271 31. ( ea 34. Bi 38. <1 32. ~(Ssint cost) BF RISING ¥% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob 3 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph, 09728862122 (NET Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 67 a) 207i (c) 277i] (d) —- w (ae 7) Oa? 1. The value of (a) 2zi 8. The vate of | SS ee et de where Cisaclosed (©) -2a1 2. The value of {tanh zdz, where C:|e|=3 is @o (0) zi + (© 2i @ aa (32+4) 3. The value of => dz, where Cis the 27(22+1) circle |z|=1 is (a) 2zi (b) 371 @4 @4 4. [.f(z)dz is equal to (a) 2xif (a) (b) 27iIm f(a) ©) 2zires f(a) (@)-2zi res f(a) sh oe dz has the value around the positive Ze oriented csc C:}|=3 @ tani (©) 2zitanl @ = (A) None of these 2x ae pe 6. Valueop 2 [2 4324 a, ig Pai 3 (21) (a) 2 (o) 0 (c) xi (d) None of these 7. Let U(r) a, where Cis the contour (e-i? 4x? + y? =2 (counter clockwise). Then, Jis equal to (a) 0 (b) -2a7 contour around the origin is aie 2a @ ©) “y © of) ml 9. The pales of the integral [Saez ter sin 72? +cosxz? Fi, © Fan de, where Cis the circle (2-2-2) |=|=3 traced anti clockwise, is (@), -2zi () ix © -ix (@) 2x 10. Let Tbe a simple closed curve in the complex plane, then the set of all possible a& TT f values o! hae @ {0,£7i} (©) {0,271,277} (©) {0,+77i, +2ni} (d) {0} 1. If f @ 20x: () 20 (©) 20774 @ 10: a ‘cot zzdz, then J is equal to 12, Let Fe)er = and I be the (2- ne (243) described in the positive sense. circle |; 2 Then [.f(z)dz, has the value nei @0 or ei 7 (©) TT (@) (4-32) Baz simple closed path (anti clockwise) enclosing the points z=0 and z=1 is @) -64 (b) -6zi (©) 6 (@ None of these 13, The value of dz, where Cisa |. The value of the integral J= ff dz is é 1 where C (a) 2xi (b) 3a © 6i | @0 . Given that ‘a’ lies inside the closed contour , the value of the integral 1s . Let f(z)= 2” for zeC. If CJ2—; Ea) then a O6 (a) 2ni(1+15i) (©) 2xi(1+15i) is equal to (b) 2ni(1-15i) (d) 2a (GATE 2009) Let Tbe any circle enclosing the origin and oriented counter clockwise. Then the value of the integral [ SF ae is z (a) 2ni (© -21 0 @ undefined (GATE 2002) 2 Let doy eA salon, where the close curve C is the triangle having vertices at ae and au . The integral being taken in anti clockwise direction. Then, one value of ais (@) 1+i © 3+i (b) 243 @ 44i (GATE 2012) f(z) Met T= Lay e-3) where (z= |z|=3 oriented anti clockwise. Then, the value of lis @ 471i (b)0 in 00s and Cis the curve (© -2a1 @ -4n1 (GATE 2010) 20. Let 7 bea simple closed curve in the complex. Then, the set of all possible values of a is 7 z(1-2) (@) {0.423} (©) {0, 73, +2ni} (b) {6, +7, 277i} @ {0} (GATE 2005) t TB-5sing So @-= o-F OF @F (GATE 2004) . For the positively oriented unit circles, @0 — (b) zi ©) 2ei_—@) Ar (GATE 2004) . The value of the integral g is equal to (@) zi 0 @) 2x7 (GATE 2000) RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,DeJhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 NET ‘Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 69 (©) 2x @1 (CSIR NET June 2015) (1) 1, =2n7 ifr € (2,3) e hey ifr €(0,1) @) 1,=-2ai ifre(1,2) (4) 1,=0ifr>3 (CSIR NET Dec 2011) 26. The function f(z)=cosz is (a) analytic anywhere (©) singularities at 2= (©) singularities at z: <3 (d) None of the above 27. The function f(z (@) analytic for all z () singularities at 2=0 (©) singularities at n=0 (@ None of these 28. The poles of function f(z) (2241) ot , mis any integer (6) 22 nis any integer (©) mm (@ None of the above 29. 1f2= aisan isolated singularity of f, then a is the pole of f, if (@ lim|s(2)[=0 (©) lim|s(2)|=0 ©) lim|f(z)|=% (@ None of these 30. Ifz=ais an isolated singularity of f and S(2)= Ya, (2-4)" is its Laurent Expansion in ann(a;0,R). Then, z= ais a removable singularity, if ,ns—1 (b) a, #0, n (b) a, =0 for all integers n (©) a, #0 for infinitely many negative n (@ 4, #0 for many positive n is its Laurent If zea is an isolated singularity of f and (2)= a, (za) is its Laurent expansion in ann(a;0,R). Then, if 4,=0 for n<-l, z<0 is (@) apole of order m (b) an essential singularity (©) a removable singularity (@) None of the above sinz ‘The sum of the residues of f(z)= at ze0sz its poles inside the circle |z|=2, is (a) 0 (b)1 (©) -1 @a If f has a pole of order mat z=a and amma then @) lie aie g(a) (®) res(f:a)=2"") (a) (©) tes(fsa)-—1 g(a) (m-1)! (@None of the above . Taylor's expansion of f(z} 40. If z=a isan isolated singularity of f and S(2)=Dq,(2—a)" is its Laurent expansion in ann(a;0,R). Then, z=a isa pole of order m, then (2) a.» #0 and a, =0 forn<—(m+1) O and a, #0 for n<—(m #1) 7m =O and a,=0 for m<$-(m-+1) (@) None of the above the point z=~i is @ Qi- of © sf -Se9 Goes" (@) None of the above 1 wa Keay ewes" eae i (=i) If z=a isa singularity of f(z) such that F(z) is analytic at each point in its neighbourhood, then z=a is called as, (a) aremovable singularity (b) an isolated singularity (©) an essential singularity @ None of the above . If 2a is an isolated singualarity of f and S(2)=Ya,(z-2)" expansion in ann(a;0,R). Also, if a, # 0 for infinitely many negative integer n, then is its Laurent is a removable singularity is a pole of order m a isan essential singularity (@) None of the above . If function f(z) has an isolated singularities at z=a, then 2=a has removable singularity, if | RISING ¥%& STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hawz. Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power HouseDelhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 ([_NET Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 71 (@) lim(z-a)=0 () lim f(z)=0 (©) lim(z-a)f(z)=0 (None of these 45. Which of the following functions does represent the series +e for |z|1 is = (@) -1 (1 © 4 @s 66. The function f(z)=2"e* at z=cohas (2) non isolated essential singularity (b) pole of order m (©) pole of order m+1 (@ isolated essential singularity 67. The residue of a at 2=0 is 2 1 @o ) i (@) None of these 68. Laurent's expansion of the function Fos) for |z|>2 is RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 [NET @ Y2F ors Ae cae - © x oo o> n=02 69. The residue of f(z}=ncosecnz at z=nis @ CY" OA ©1 OA)! 7. Which of the following does give the residue at 2=2 of any function f(z) islare 1 1 (a) -Res(z=0)= 2 “(2) 1 ©) 55 Lee (6) negative of the coefficient of + in the z expansion of 2f(2) in nbd of zero (@) Alllof the above 71. Define a complex function f(z) by =1 S(z)=4e7 , 20 then 0, z=0 {a) at 2=0, f(z) is continuous (b) at |, f(z) has removable singularity (©) at 2=0, f(z) has essential singularity (@) f(z) is analytic at 2=0 72. The analytical part of Lauren's series is @ ic ) Ya,(z-a)" G-w s © a = (@ None of these 73. Function g is defined by g(z)=24 sof ) has at infinity z+l. Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 73 (a) apole of order 4 (b) apole of order 3 (©) removable singularity (@) essential singularity 74, The residue of f(z) at z=2 where F(z) wa @t oF 2 e 1 1 O- Om 75. The third term in the expansion of tan z with the help of Maclaurin’s series is lis lis @ 5 © 52 255 © 7 7 (@None of these 6. TC f(z) » then the number of sinhz singularities of f(z) on the real line segment (-n2,nz) @n (©) 2n+1 (b) 2n-1 @) 77. If f(z)=23. Then, it (@) bas an essential singularity at z= (b)has a pole of order 3 at 2=00 (©) hasa pole of order 3 at z=0 (Ais analytic at 2=00 78. The general term in the expansion of cosh z with the help of Taylor's series is nel 2 ®) Basi © oy ©= (@ None of these nl 74 79. If g(z) isanalytic at z=a and f(z) has apole of order kat 2=a, then 82) F'(2) *Srea" F(z) (a) ke(a) © -kg(a) (@) -kg(a) . If f(z) isanalytic and has a pole at z=a, then lim f(z)= @ 0 (b) any constant (©) (@) None of these . Let abe an isolated singularity of f(z) and if | (z)|is bounded on some neighbourhood of a, then a is (a) removable singularity (b) essential singularity (©) isolated singularity (@) non isolated essential singularity . Polynomial /(z) of degree m has a pole of order mat @ zero © [+1 (b) infinity (@) nowhere . The residue of the function _2e 1G 8 4 1 2 @ 7 OF OF @5;5 at the point 2=1is . If sinz= > a,(= -4) then ay is equal to a0 1 @) 0 (b) 70 1 -1 © a0 © Tok . For the function T(z) —lope(2=2)_ 1-1 isapoleof (2 +2242) order @1 2 ©@3 (4 ). The function - Residue of . For the function f(z) 86. If f(z) hasa pole at z=a, thenas za @ [f° © f@\re ©) [fre @ |f@>- If f(z) has a zero of order nat 2=a, then has a pole of order m at 2= 1 i/() 1 @ — 0 a Oa (d) None of these has a pole of order. 2(2-3) ? and residue r at 2=1, then @) p=3,r=: @ p=lr=1 (a) p=1r=1 (© p=3r=1 |. Ifa single valued function f(z) isnot defined at z=a but lim f(z)exists, then z=a is knownas (a) an isolated singularity (b) an essential singularity (©) aremovable singularity (@) None of the above 2 2-22 —+ 2 — at double pole (e+? (2? +4) as z=-] is 4 4 14 14 © O- 3 O-| OF noosaz 2 sinzz which of the following is true (@) n=1,2,3.... are the only simple poles (b) 2=0 is pole of order 2 RISING ¥% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 {NET ‘Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 76 | (©) 2=0 is pole of order 3 2 (@) residue at 2=0 is = sinz . Sin? ig z @o 2 ©4+ ©! 96. The coefficient of 1 in the Laurent series of z . Function (aay in the domain |2|>3 has a Laurent’s expansion given by 97. For the function f(z)= (@) an essential singularity (b) a pole (©) aremovable singularity @ None of the above 98. At z=co, the function f(2)=cosz—sin2 has (a) aremovable singularity (b) an essential singularity L (¢). a non essential singularity . For the function f(z)=e7, 2=0 is (4) None of the above (a) an essential singularity ; (b) apole 99. The sum of residues of the function (©) aremovable singularity 3 (@) None of the above . yy] the 3end wis (@) 0 (b)-1 ©1 (d) None of these 100. An example of a function with anon isolated essential singularity at 2=2 is 1 a1 w— sin— @ 5 ) sin © et?) @ tan 22 101. If $(z)=Re(z)+ f(z), where f(z) is meromosphic. Then (@) 9(2) is meromorphic (b) ¢(z)and f(z) has same number of singularities (©) 9(2) is analytic in every closed and bounded region provided it has no poles (@) ¢(z) has no singularities 102, If the function f(z) has a pole of order m > Lat the point z=a, then Res f(a)= (d) None of the above 103. If f(z) is analytic i and bounded in 0<|z-a) eo, then f(z) must be RISING *% STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mol 7838699091 439/29,Chhota Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph. 09728862122 NET ‘Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 77 112, In the Laurent series expansion of fee valid in the region Je]>2, the coefficient of + is z @-1 0 ©1 , @2 113. Let f:C+C be analytic except for a simple pole at z=0 and let g:C->C be ; 290. analytic. Then, the value of g/t) is @) 8(°) © lim £(2) ) g'(0) & Sime f(@)s(2) (GATE 2011) fl : | the 114. For the function F(z)=sin| ea(2)) point z=0 is (a) aremovable singularity (b) apole (c) an essential singularity (d) anon isolated singularity (GATE 2009) 115, The coefficient of 4 in the expansion of z >, is = toe( +5), valid in @1 1 @-+ @t (GATE 2005) 116. If f(z)=2°, then it Rest f(z)a(2)} (a) has an essential singularity at 2=00 (b) has a pole of order 3 at 2=00 (©) has a pole of order3 at z =0 (@) is analytic at 2=00 (GATE 2001) 2raz 117, Consider the functions (2' 3 (+1) and ete)=sim (2-2 a #0 The residue of f(z) at its pole is equal to 1. Then, the value of a is @-1 1 ©2 @3 (GATE 2012) 118, Let f(2) zextiy 8-2 1 1 1 1 @-3 OW, O-— O% (GATE 2011) 119. Let }) 6,2” be the Laurent series expansion of the function ——~, zsinhz 0<|z|<7. Then, which one of the following is correct ? (GATE 2010) 78. 120.Let_ )) a,(z+1)" be the Laurent series expansion of 16)=sin( 2), Then, ay is zl equal to @1 (©) cos(1) (b) 0 (@ -4sin() (GATE 2009) 121. Consider the function f (z)=—S— 2(2?+1) The residue of at the isolated singular point in the upper half plane {z=x+iy¢C:y>0} is 1 @-+ 1 2e oO © @ii (GATE 2009) & 2 122. Let f(2)=cosz—" for non zero ze z and f(0)= zeC. Then, f(z) has aero at z=0 of order (@)o 1 ©2 @ greater than 2 (GATE 2008) = Also, let g(z)=sinhz for 123. Let f(z)=cosz—-“"* for non zero z eC z and f(0)=0. Also, let g(z)=sinhz for zeC. then, £2) has apole at 2=0 of f(z) order @)l (b)2 ©3 (@) greater than 3 (GATE 2008) 1 TS: Then the coefficient 124. Let f(2)- 3S of BA in the Laurent series expansion of J (z) for |z|>2, is @1 (1 ©3 @5 (GATE 2007) 125. The sum of the residues at all the poles of J (2) = (e+a) (a#0,41,42,..) is where a is a constant, -mcosec?za + moosec?za + eosee*na (GATE 2006) 126, In the Laurent series expansion of Ll as S(2)=y-yay vali inthe region 1 is 2 ©! [2|>2, the coefficient of @- (bo (a2 (GATE 2004) 127. Let f(z) be an analytic function with a simple pole at 2=1 and a double pole at z=2 with residues 1 and -2, respectively. Further, if £(0)=0, (3): 3 and fis bounded as z—>0, then f(z) must be (GATE 2003) 128. An example of a function with a non isolated essential singularity at 2=2 is RISING * STAR ACADEMY 28-A, Jia Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi, Mob : 07838699091 439/29,Chhotu Ram Nagar, Near Power House,Delhi Road, Rohtak Ph, 09728862122 [_NET @ tn2=2 z (GATE 2003) @ 5 1 129. For the function f(z)=sin—,z=0 isa z (@) removable singularity (b) simple pole (©) branch point @ essential singularity F (GATE 2002) 130. For the function f(z) — the point z= Ois (@) an essential singularity (b) a pole of order zero (c) apole of order one @ atemovable singularity (GATE 2000) 131.Let f,g be meromorphic functions on C. lif has a zero of order kat 2=a and ghasa pole of order m at z=0 , then g(f(z)) as, (a) azer0 of order km at (b) apole of order kam at (©) azero of order |k—m| at (a) apole of order |k-m| at (CSIR NET June 2014) 132.Let p(z)=a,+a,2+...4a,2" and q(z)=bz+b,2" +...4b,2" be complex polynomials:If a,,b, are non zero complex plz) az) numbers then the residue of at Ois equal to © Ft (CSIR NET Dec 2014) ‘Complex Analysis Assignment 4 Page 79_| 133.Let D be the open unit disc in C and H(D) be the collection of all holomorphic functions onit. Let s{re n@r4(3) r-{remors(2}=r(2 1)_1 1 1 A5)--—(ae) Gea) “3 Then {@) Both 5,7. are singleton sets. (b) Sis singleton set but 7 (©) Tis a singleton set but 5 (@) Both S, 7 are empty. (CSIR NET June 2016) 134, Number of zeros of the function f(z) is (a) 3 (©) infinite (b) 4 (@) None of these 135. The zero of first order is known as (a) complex zero (b) simple zero {e} singularity (@) None of these 136, For second order zero (2) F (0) = f(z) = Oand f(z) #0 (0) f (0)=0,f'(z0) # Oand f(z) #0 ©) F{a)=F'{20)= Fz) 0 (@) None of the above 137.(A) Every analytic function can be represented by power series. {B) Taylor series is a power series (@) A and B both false (b) A and B both true (©)A is true and B is false @) Ais false and B is true 80 138. Ifan analytic function f(2) has a zero of nth order at 2=c0 then the function 72) has such a zero (a) at © at (b) at each point = (d) None of these 139. If f(a)=0, f'(a)=0, f"(a) #0, then at z=athe function f(z) is said to have a zero of (@) first order (b) second order (©) third order (d) None of these 140. The function f(z)=e* -21 (@) has no zeros (b) has only one zero (c) has a countable number of zeros » (d) has an uncountable number of zeros 141. Let S be the disk |2|<3 in the complex plane and let f:5->C be an analytic function such that 2) a 7 = for each natural number n. Then, f (V2) is equal to (@) 3-2N2 (© 2-32 (b) 3+2V2 @ 2432 (GATE 2008) 142. For every path between the limits EF @+:f a= i i @5 05 143. Ifthe function f(z) is analytic inside and on a simple closed curve C and if a is a point within C and if C be traversed in the positive sense, then 1 ot @) in’ () (d) None of these © ga sat 144. The Tbe any circle encfosing the origin and ‘oriented counter clockwise. Then, the value of the integral [az is z (@) 2x (c) -2ai (b) 0 (a) undefined 145. Let y be the curve : =2+4c0s0, (0545 2z). If h= J (@) ,=2/, © 2=h @ 1=0,1,#0 (GATE 2003) rats ) (ey atty a (counter clockwise). Then, Fs equal 146. Let J= dz, where C is the contour (b) -27 (GATE 2003) = M CQ nnn 1, At z=0 the function P(e) tas er (a) a removable singularity. (b) apole. (©) an essential singularity, (@) the residue of f(z) is 2. (CSIR NET June 2011) 2. Let /be an entire function such that im | |F(2)|Fe. Then 1) @ sf (2 fas an essential singularity at 0. (b) feannot be a polynomial (©) fhas finitely many zeros @ /(3) has a pole at 0 z (CSIR NET Dee 2011) . At z= «the function f (z)= oo 1-cosz has (a) aremovable singularity. (b) apole. (c) an essential singularity. (@) the Laurent expansion of f(z) around z=0 has infinitely many positive and negative powers of 2. (CSIR NET June 2012)

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