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HIGHWAYENGG Traffic Flow, Journey Time, and Delay Surveys

The document discusses traffic flow surveys, journey time surveys, and delay surveys. It defines key terms like flow, density, speed, and time mean speed. It also describes different techniques for conducting journey time and delay surveys, including using test vehicles and license plate matching. An example problem demonstrates how to calculate flow, travel time, and volume using data from a moving vehicle survey.

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Zanne Rose
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158 views5 pages

HIGHWAYENGG Traffic Flow, Journey Time, and Delay Surveys

The document discusses traffic flow surveys, journey time surveys, and delay surveys. It defines key terms like flow, density, speed, and time mean speed. It also describes different techniques for conducting journey time and delay surveys, including using test vehicles and license plate matching. An example problem demonstrates how to calculate flow, travel time, and volume using data from a moving vehicle survey.

Uploaded by

Zanne Rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group Members:

Gesite, Zandro
Sibi, Clark
Ruiz, Gilorie
Velos, Charles
Villamor, Suzanne Rose G.
Yap, Mark

Topic: Traffic Flow, Journey Time and Delay Surveys

Traffic Flow
Traffic Flow is the study of interactions between travelers and infrastructure with
the aim of understanding and developing a transport network with efficient
movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems.
Source: Wikipedia

Traffic Flow Surveys involve the development of mathematical relationships among the
primary elements of a traffic stream: flow, density, and speed.

Primary Elements of Traffic Flow


Flow (q)
Equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles pass a point on a highway during a time period
less than 1 hour.
n
q=
T

Where: n = the number of vehicles passing a point in the roadway in (veh)


T = period of time (hr)
Unit: veh/hr

Density (k)
The number of vehicles traveling over a unit length of highway at an instant in time.
n
k=
L

Where: n = the number of vehicles passing a point in the roadway (veh)


L = unit length of highway (km)
Unit: veh/km

Speed (u)
The distance travelled by a vehicle during a unit of time.
d
u=
T
Where:d = distance travelled by vehicle (km)
T = unit of time (hr)
Unit: km/hr
Time Mean Speed ( T )
The arithmetic mean of the speeds of vehicles passing a point on a highway during an
interval of time.
n
1
T = u i
n i =1
Where:n = the number of vehicles passing a point in the roadway (veh)
ui = speed of the ith vehicle
Unit: km/hr

Sample Problem
The figure shows vehicles traveling at constant speeds on a two-lane highway between
sections X and Y with their positions and speeds obtained at an instant of time by
photography. An observer located at point X observes the four vehicles passing point X
during a period of one hour. The velocities of the vehicles are measured as 45, 45, 40, and
30 km/h, respectively. Calculate the flow, density, and time mean speed.

Solution:
The flow;
n 4 veh
q= =
T 1 hr
q= 4 veh/hr
The density;
n 4 veh 1000m
k= = x
L 30m 1km
k = 133.33 veh/km
The time mean speed;
n
1 30+40+45+45
T = u i =
n i =1 4
T = 40 km/hr
Journey Time Surveys provide necessary data to determine the amount of time
required to travel from one point to another on a given route.

Delay Surveys provide information concerning the amount, cause, location,


duration and frequency of delay.

2 General Categories Conducting Journey Time & Delay Surveys

1.) Not requiring a test vehicle


a. License Plate Observations
The data is accomplished in the office by matching the times of
arrival at the beginning and end of the test section for each license
plate recorded. The difference between these times is the traveling
time of each vehicle.

b. Interviews
The interviewing method is carried out by obtaining information
from people who drive on the study site regarding their travel
times, their experience of delays, and so forth.

2.) Using a test vehicle


a. Floating-car technique
In this method, the test car is driven by an observer along the test
section so that the test car floats with the traffic.

b. Average speed
This technique involves driving the test car along the length of the
test section at a speed that, in the opinion of the driver, is the
average speed of the traffic stream.

c. Moving-vehicle technique
This technique makes a roundtrip on a test section and collect 5
parameters.

Te: The time it takes to travel


east from X-X to Y-Y (mins)
Tw: The time it takes to travel
west from Y-Y to X-X (mins)
Ne: The number of vehicles
traveling west in the opposite
lane while the test car is
traveling east
Ow/ Oe: The number of
vehicles that overtake the test
car while it is traveling west from Y-Y to X-X, that is, traveling in
the westbound (eastbound) direction
Pw/ Pe: The number of vehicles that the test car passes while it is traveling west from Y-
Y to X-X, that is, traveling in the westbound (eastbound) direction.

Volume (westbound and eastbound directions, respectively.)


( N e +O w - Pw ) 60 ( Ne + Oe - Pe ) 60
V w = V e =
Te + Tw Te + T w

Unit: veh/hr

Travel Time (westbound and eastbound directions, respectively.)


60( Ow -P w ) 60( Oe - P e )
w = T w - e = T e -
Vw Ve
Unit: mins

Sample Problem
The data in the table were obtained in a travel time study on a section of highway
using the moving-vehicle technique. Determine the travel time and volume in
each direction at this section of the highway.

Solution:
Mean time it takes to travel eastward (Te) = 2.85 mins
Mean time it takes to travel westbound (Tw) = 3.07 mins
Average number of vehicles traveling westward when test vehicle is traveling
eastward (Ne) = 79.50
Average number of vehicles traveling eastward when test vehicle is traveling
westward (Nw) = 82.25
Average number of vehicles that overtake test vehicle while it is traveling
westward (Ow) = 1.25
Average number of vehicles that overtake test vehicle while it is traveling
eastward (Oe) = 1.00
Average number of vehicles the test vehicle passes while traveling westward (Pw)
= 0.875
Average number of vehicles the test vehicle passes while traveling eastward (Pe)
= 1.5

Solution:
In westbound direction:
( N e +O w - Pw ) 60 ( 79.50+1.25-0.875 ) 60
V w = = = 809.5 = 810 veh/hr
Te + Tw 2.85+3.07
60( Ow -P w ) 60(1.25-0.875)
w = T w - = 3.07 - = 3.0 mins
Vw 810

In east bound direction:


( Ne + Oe - Pe ) 60 ( 82.25+1.0-15 ) 60
V e = = = 828.5 = 829 veh/hr
Te + T w 2.85+3.07
60( Oe - P e ) 60(1.0-1.5)
e = T e - = 2.85- = 2.9 mins
Ve 829

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