Machining Operations

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Machining Operations
Word Meaning Context More Information

Boring is an operation to
enlarge and finish holes
A work piece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
boring accurately. This may be
chuck and collets.
done on a lathe or a
milling machine.
Boring is a machine operation in which
the work is in contact with a single point
tool.

Broaching is an
The teeth of a broaching tool are equally spaced
operation that
broaching so that as the tool advances into the workpiece,
completes the cutting in
each tooth removes a specified amount of metal.
one stroke or cut.

Broaching can be done on both internal

and external surfaces.

Drilling is an economical
way of removing large
Used for last removal of stock on preparation for
drilling amounts of metal to
other operations like boring, reaming, or tapping.
create semi-precision
round hole or cavity.
Drilling allows a person to make holes
through boards, metals, and other
materials.
drill press There are three major types:

- Sensitive drill (light drilling)

- Upright drill (heavy duty drilling)
- Radial arm drill press (large, heavy workpieces)
 A machine designed to Used for producing cylindrical holes, as
hold drill bits which will well as reaming, boring, counter-boring,
produce cylindrical counter-sinking, honing, lapping and
holes. tapping.

Facing is a lathe
operation in which the
cutting tool removes A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
facing
metal from the end of chuck, collets or a faceplate.
the workpiece or a
shoulder.
Facing is a machine operation where
the work is rotated against a single point
tool.
Gang drilling machine
gang The gang drilling machine is a series of Each head is equipped with a different tool to drill
performs a number of
drilling single spindle drill heads mounted on a the part being machined as it moves from one
drilling operations in a
machine long table. station to the next.
sequence.
The abrasive grains are formed into a grinding
Grinding is an operation Grinding processes remove very small wheel.
in which the cutting is chips in very large numbers by cutting
grinding
done by the use of the action of many small individual
abrasive particles. abrasive grains. Very smooth surfaces can be accomplished by
the use of the proper grinding wheel.

Various types of grinding machines:

Grinding machine
machines metal parts - Plain Surface grinders
grinding
with an abrasive wheel - Rotary Surface grinders
machine
which can grind to close - Tool & Cutter grinders
tolerances. - Universal grinders
Grinding machines can produce parts of - Internal grinders
the identical size, shape, and finish
quality.
Gun drilling machine is
Uses three types of spindles for producing deep
a machine used to
In some drilling machines, the gun drill holes:
produce long, deep
gun drilling holes. is held firm in a machine and the
machine workpiece revolves; in other cases the - way
work is stationary and the tool revolves. - quill
The operation is called
- fixed-spindle
"Gun drilling".
 Honing is an internal
cutting technique that Similar to lapping where abrasive sticks are
uses abrasives on a mounted in a rotating tool.
honing rotating tool to produce
extremely accurate Capable of accuracies of less than 1/10,000th of
holes that require a very one inch.
smooth finish.

Honing operation

A horizontal milling
machine uses a rotating
horizontal tool to produce flat
milling surfaces.
machine
Used for heavy stock
removal.
The milling machine provides cutting The spindle is mounted on a horizontal position.
action with a rotating tool. Available in different size tables.

The lathe is used for

producing cylindrical The lathe may be used for:
work. The workpiece is
lathe rotated while the cutting
tool movement is boring, drilling, tapping, turning, facing, threading,
controlled by the polishing, grooving, knurling, trepanning
machine.
The lathe is primarily used for cylindrical
work.

Non-precision grinding
non- is a cutting technique
Non-precision grinding is a free-hand operation
precision used when the grinding
done on a pedestal or bench grinder.
grinding does not need to be
accurate.

Non-precision grinding is done when

accuracy is not important.
precision Precision grinding is a Precision grinding allows very small amounts of
grinding cutting technique used material to be removed from a workpiece. This is
when close tolerances extremely useful in acquiring smooth fnishes.
and very smooth
finishes are required.
 Precision grinding as often used as a
finish machining process.

Reaming is a sizing
operation that removes
reaming a small amount of metal
from a hole already
drilled. Machinists may use hand or machine reamers
depending on the job they are performing.
The reamer is the tool used for this
operation.

Shaper is a machine There are three types of shapers:

used for the production
shaper of flat surfaces in - Horizontal / plain or universal
vertical, horizontal, or - Vertical (slotter and key seater)
angular planes. - Special

The shaper cuts by passing a single

point tool by the workpiece.

Shaping is an operation When the cutting tool reciprocates while the work
shaping used to produce flat is fed towards the tool removing material on each
surfaces. stroke, it is called shaping.

Shaping

Single point threading is

a lathe operation used Uses a special cutting tool that reflects the thread
single point for creating internal / form.
threading external precision
machined threads with a There are over 100 thread forms.
single point tool.

Single point threading

 - it is used for light duty work

Sensitive drill press is a - extremely precise quill and spindle

sensitive high speed machine
drill press that drills very small
holes. - capable of speeds of over 40,000rpm

- maximum drill size of 1/32 of an inch

The sensitive drill press

Tapping is the process Tapping may be done by:

of cutting a thread
inside a hole so that a
tapping cap screw or bolt can be - hand
threaded into the hole. - lathe machine
Also, it is used to make - milling machine
threads on nuts. - tapping machine
Tapping is done with a tool called a
"Tap".

Turning is a lathe
operation in which the
A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
cutting tool removes
turning chuck, collets or may also be held between
metal from the outside
centers.
diameter of a
workpiece.

A single point tool is used for turning.

A vertical milling
vertical machine uses a rotating
The milling machine provides cutting
milling tool to produce flat
action with a rotating tool.
machine surfaces. A very flexible,
light-duty machine.

The spindle is mounted on a vertical position.

Available in different size tables.