CPUSH (Unit 1, #2) Name ______________________________

Date ___________________ Pd ________

British Colonization in North America: Southern, New England, & Middle Colonies
I. Settling the British Colonies
A. Unlike the Spanish & French, the British colonies were not funded or _______________________________________ by the king:
1. ______________________________ companies were formed by entrepreneurs in Britain who hoped to _________________
by establishing a colony
2. Once a _____________________________ was gained from the king, the company could maintain a colony in the New World
II. The Chesapeake Colonies (Virginia & Maryland)
A. Jamestown, Virginia
1. In 1606, the ___________________________________ was formed by investors hoping to find __________ in the New World
2. In 1607, settlers founded _____________________, which became the first ____________________ British colony in America
3. Jamestown was founded along the Chesapeake Bay in present-day _____________________
4. Settlers built a fort, but struggled to survive in their first years in America
a. Settlers arrived looking for gold so they did not prepare to stay long in America; They did not ______________________ &
faced _______________________
b. __________________________ took control & forced settlers to farm
c. Jamestown was located on a swamp & led to outbreaks of ___________________ among colonists
d. Jamestown was located in territory controlled by the ___________________________________________ who attacked
the settlement
5. After the Jamestown colonists _______________________________________________, the joint-stock investors demanded
that colonists find a way to make ________________
a. In 1612, ______________________ introduced _______________ in Jamestown which was popular in Europe & made
investors money
b. Tobacco became so ___________________ that colonists planted more, built large ______________________, & expanded
to find new land for farming
c. Due to the _____________________ of tobacco, the Jamestown settlement expanded into the _________________ colony
6. Tobacco created a need for ____________________________ to plant & pick the tobacco
a. To meet the demand for workers, landowners in Virginia used _____________________________________ from England
i. Indentured servants were typically _______________________________________________ who agreed to work for a
land owner for ______________________ in exchange for their travel to America
ii. In 1618, Virginia introduced the _______________________________________________________________ which gave
___________________ to anyone who brought an indentured servant to America
iii. The large population of _____________________________________ in Britain led thousands of people to immigrating
as indentured servants by 1700
iv. Indentured servants were worked hard, treated _______________, & many ____________ before their contracts ended
b. In addition to indentured servants, Virginia landowners also used African ___________________ who were first brought to
Jamestown in 1619
i. In the mid-1600s, ______________ indentured servants came to America as the British __________________ improved;
As a result, African slavery replaced indentured servitude as the dominant labor system in Virginia
ii. African slaves were transported from Africa to America on slave ships across the _______________________________
B. Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake

1. __________________ of _____________________ plantations were at the top of society

2. Poor, _____________________________________ were the largest class; Most were former indentured servants
3. There were few _________________ in Virginia, which made it difficult for colonists to ________________ or to have families
4. ___________________________________ were often mistreated
 5. ___________________________________ were at the bottom of society
C. The Virginia House of Burgesses
1. Virginia colonists needed ______________ to maintain order but the British government was thousands of miles across the
Atlantic Ocean
2. In 1619, Virginians formed the ______________________________________________________ which was the first
__________________________ assembly in America
3. Virginia was a royal colony so it had a _________________________________ chosen by the king, but the House of Burgesses
made the important decisions regarding _______________ & ______________
D. Bacons Rebellion
1. Even though the leaders of the House of Burgesses were elected, they were __________________________________ who did
not always represent the poor farmers of the colony
2. Former indentured servants in western Virginia suffered from low tobacco prices & frequent ___________________________
3. Poor farmers, led by ___________________________________________, blamed Virginias governor for not protecting them
& started a rebellion
4. Bacons Rebellion proved to rich Virginians that _________________________ were better than indentured servants because
slaves would never ask for ______________
III. The New England Colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Haven, New Hampshire)
A. The colonists who first settled in New England came for _________________________________ reasons
1. Religious disagreements in Britain led to divisions in the Anglican Church
2. _________________________ believed in the Calvinist idea of __________________________________ & tried to live strictly
Christian lives without sin
3. Puritans believed that the Anglican Church compromise too far by allowing some _________________________________
4. Some ____________________ Puritans were known as ___________________________ because they unwilling to wait for
church reforms
B. Pilgrims, the Plymouth Colony, and Mayflower Compact
1. The Separatists became _______________________________ when they formed a joint-stock company, gained a charter, &
created the _______________________ colony in America
2. Before landing in America, the Pilgrims created the _________________________________________________ agreeing to
work together as a civil body politickThe Mayflower Compact was the first example of
_________________________________________ in America
3. When the Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620, they faced disease & ______________________________
4. Pilgrims received help from local natives like Squanto & Massasoit& celebrated the first ______________________________
to honor the local Indians
C. Puritans and the Massachusetts Colony

1. When the Separatist _________________________ came to America, the Puritans remained within the Church of England
2. But when the _____________________________________ came to power, Puritans felt the time was right to leave Britain
3. In 1630, the Puritans arrived in ____________________ & created the New England colony of _________________________
a. From 1630 to 1640, Puritan leader ______________________________________ led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts
Bay colony as part of the ___________________________________________
b. John Winthrop wanted to build Boston as a ________________________________________________________ to be a
_______________ to other Christians
D. Massachusetts was a different colony from Virginia:

1. Puritans came to America for religious _____________________

2. Puritan settlers usually came as _________________
3. Settlers ___________________________ for the common good, built _________________, & focused on subsistence farming
4. New England was a more ______________________ place to live than Virginia so colonists lived longer
E. Social Hierarchy in New England
 1. ___________________________________ served a government leaders & were at the top of New England society
2. The majority of the New England population were ___________________________________________ who were loyal to the
local community
3. At the bottom of society was the small population of _____________ landless laborers & servants
F. Government in in the New England colonies centered on the _______________ through ________________________
1. Each New England town was independently governed by local church members
2. All adult male _______________________________ were allowed to _____________ for local laws & taxes
G. As the Massachusetts colony grew, it spawned 4 new colonies: New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New Haven, Connecticut
1. Connecticut was important for creating the first written ______________________________ in U.S. history called The
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
2. New England Puritans did not like ideas that ____________________ from their own beliefs
a. _______________________________ was banished from Massachusetts for demanding that Indians be paid for their land;
He formed ______________________________ in 1636
b. Anne Hutchinson was _______________________ for challenging Puritan authority
H. As the New England colonies expanded into new lands, conflicts with __________________ arose
1. The ____________________________ in 1637 was the 1 st major British-led attack on Indians & led to the death of 600 Indians
2. __________________________________ broke out in 1675 when the Wampanoag Indians raided towns, killing _________ of
the colonial New England men
I. The Half-Way Covenant and Salem Witch Trials

1. By the 1660s, many New England towns experienced a _________________ in church _______________________
a. Churches responded with the ____________________________________ which gave full church membership to people
who had not had a ________________________ experience
b. This compromise brought people back to the church, but showed the _______________________ importance of religion in
New England
2. Religion played a role in the Salem __________________________ trials in 1692 when several young _____________ accused
people of being witches
a. The hysteria was caused by tensions over _______________ ownership, Indian attacks, & religious disagreements
b. As a result of the trials, ________ people were killed & _________ citizens were jailed
IV. Middle (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware) & Southern Colonies (North & South Carolina, Georgia)
A. The Middle Colonies

1. The 1st middle colony was ________________________________ created by the Dutch West India Company
a. To attract settlers, the Dutch recruited Swedes, Germans, & Africans; New Netherland became very __________________
b. Britain ________________________ the Dutch a colony between their Chesapeake & New England colonies
c. In 1664, Britain _______________ the Dutch colony from Governor Stuyvesant & renamed it ________________________
2. One of the most important middle colonies was Pennsylvania which was founded by __________________________________
in 1681
a. Penn was a member of a religious sect called ___________________________ who believed in the Inner Light, all people
are equal, & that people can ___________________________ directly with God
b. Penn founded his colony as a _______________________________ to promote religious _________________________;
He bought land from the ________________, banned _________________, & allowed a diverse population to move there
3. The middle colonies had two of the best ports for _______________ in America: __________________ & New York City
B. Southern Colonies

1. The Lower South colonies were the _____________ British colonies to be formed
2. The Carolinas & Georgia developed like Virginia with a ______________________ economy, slavery, & gaps between rich &
poor colonists
3. Georgia was created by James Oglethorpe as a ________________________________________ between Carolina & Spanish
____________________ & was populated by British debtors & prisoners
4. In addition to the 13 colonies in North America, Britain also had colonies in the __________________Colonies like Barbados
& Jamaica were profitable, especially producing __________________ for Britain
 Name _________________________________
CP US History Date ________________________ Pd ______
Comparing the English Colonies of the New World

Chesapeake/ Southern New England Middle

Identify the Colonies

Initial Purpose of the

Colonies

Economics & Labor

Systems of the
Colonies

Government in the
Colonies

Society in the
Colonies

Relationships with
Native Americans in
the Colonies

Important People in
the Colonies

Which colonial region do you think will be grow to become the most successful (interpret this as you will) when compared to the others: Chesapeake/Southern,
New England, or Middle region? Why?
 TEACHER ANSWER KEY
Chesapeake/Southern New England Middle

Virginia Massachusetts New York

Maryland Connecticut New Jersey
Identify the Colonies North Carolina Rhode Island Pennsylvania
South Carolina New Hampshire Delaware
Georgia
Joint-Stock Co (VA Company) to gain wealth Religious communities for persecuted or Religious communities (Holy
Initial Purpose of the for settlers & investors (VA) idealistic groups (Pilgrims & Puritans) Experiment, Quakers)
Colonies Buffer between Spain & British colonies (GA) Religious toleration for those that did not fit Trade (Originally a Dutch colony)
in (Rhode Island)

Economics & Labor cash crop plantations Fishing, rum, ship building Banking; merchant shipping
Headright system, indentured servants, Farming villages with mostly small scale Grain production
Systems of the
African slaves farming Diverse farming, ; very few
Colonies Most people were yeoman farmers Little slavery or indentured servitude slaves/indentured servants

Royal Governor & House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact Proprietary

Government in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Royal Governors & colonial
Colonies Winthrops city on a hill assemblies
Royal Governor &Town meetings

Plantation-centered; forced-labor society Puritans & Pilgrims Quakers (NJ, PA)

Large gap between the rich and the poor Salem Witch Trials Very diverse society
Society in the
Bacons Rebellion former indentured Great Migration brought 16,000 Puritans Holy Experiment (PA) failed
Colonies servants upset with gap between rich and Families rather than exclusively men Philadelphia City of Brotherly
poor Schools Love
Half Way Covenant
Relationships with Conflict with Powhatan Indians King Philips War Bought land from Native
Americans
Native Americans in
the Colonies

John Smith, John Rolfe John Winthrop William Penn

Important People in Bacon & Gov. Berkeley Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson Peter Stuyvestant
the Colonies James Oglethorpe (GA) King Philip James, Duke of York
 Round 1
Connecticut New Hampshire Rhode Island
Delaware New Jersey South Carolina
Georgia New York Virginia
Maryland North Carolina
Massachusetts Pennsylvania

Round 2
2A. Buffer between Spain & British colonies
2B. Joint-Stock Co to gain wealth for settlers & investors
2C. Religious communities (Holy Experiment, Quakers)
2D. Religious communities for persecuted or idealistic groups (Puritans)
2E.Religious toleration for those that did not fit in
2F. Trade (Originally a Dutch colony)

Round 3
3A. Headright system, indentured servants, African slaves
3B. Little slavery or indentured servitude
3C. Diverse farming; very few slaves/indentured servants
3D. Cash crop plantations, but most people were yeoman farmers
3E.Banking; merchant shipping
3F. Fishing, rum, ship building
3G. Farming villages with mostly small scale farming
3H. Grain production

Round 4
4A. Royal Governor & House of Burgesses
4B. Royal Governor &Town meetings
4C. Royal Governors & colonial assemblies
4D. Winthrops city on a hill
4E.Mayflower Compact
4F. Proprietary
4G. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Round 5
5A. Quakers & the Holy Experiment
5B. Bacons Rebellion
5C. Families, rather than exclusively men
5D. Great Migration brought 16,000 Puritans
5E.Half Way Covenant
5F. Large gap between the rich and the poor
5G. Plantation-centered; forced-labor society
5H. Salem Witch Trials
5I. Schools
5J. Very diverse society

Round 6
6A. Bought land from Native AmericansConflict with Powhatan Indians
6B. King Philips War

Round 7
7A. Bacon & Gov. Berkeley
7B. James Oglethorpe (GA)
7C. John Winthrop
7D. James, Duke of York
7E.John Smith, John Rolfe
7F. King Philip
7G. William Penn
7H. Peter Stuyvestant
7I. Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson