CDI 4B - Cybercrime Investigation 1

B. IP ADDRESS FORMAT
Lesson 2-3 IP addresses have two common formats.
The IP ADDRESS IP version 4 (IPv4)
IP version 6 (IPv6)
and CLOUD COMPUTING The original designers of TCP/IP defined an IP address
as a 32-bit number. This 32-bit addressing system is
TOPICS named Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), which most
Significance of IP address of us use today.
Format and classes of IP addresses IPv4 addresses are comprised of four numbers-only
Identifying IP address of a specific computer, segments separated by dots. Examples:
website or network
127.0.0.1
What is cloud computing 253.16.44.122
Origins of cloud computing
Types and uses of cloud computing One big problem with IPv4 today is that we're running
How cloud computing works out of addresses. That's why the Internet Engineering
Uses of cloud computing Task Force (IETF) decided back in 1991 to develop a
The dark-side of cloud computing new version of IP to create enough addresses that will
meet the increasing online demands. The result was
LEARNING OBJECTIVES IPv6, a 128-bit address system. That's enough
Explain the importance of IP address addresses to accommodate the rising demand for
Internet access for the foreseeable future. i
Identify the format and class of a given IP address
How IP addresses work IP version 6 addresses are more complex. IPv6
Find the IP address of your PC and another addresses are comprised of 8 segments. Examples:
particular computer 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf
Find the IP address of a given website 21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A
Hide, block and change the IP address of a
particular computer The IP has the task of routing data packets between
Outline the roots of cloud computing networks, and IP addresses specify the locations of the
Identify the types of cloud, service models and source and destination nodes in the topology of the
deployment models routing system. For this purpose, some of the bits in an
Illustrate how cloud computing woks IP address are used to designate a subnetwork. In
CIDR (classless interdomain routing) notation, the
Explain the benefits and the downside/dangers of
number of bits used for the subnet follows the IP
cloud computing
address.
Activate the cloud drive in your cyber account
Use the cloud drive in storing/saving digital files Example: 192.168.100.1/16
An IP address can be private, for use on a LAN, or
public, for use on the Internet or other WAN.
A. WHAT IS IP ADDRESS
Early specifications intended IP addresses to be
IP address (or internet protocol address) is a unique uniquely assigned to a particular computer or device.
identifying number given to every single computer on However, it was found that this was not always
the Internet and TCP/IP networks. Every computer necessary as private networks developed and address
requires a unique IP address to be a part of the internet space needed to be conserved (IPv4 address
and the IP address is provided by the internet service exhaustion). RFC 1918 specifies private address
providers. spaces that may be reused by anyone; today, such
Like a car license plate, an IP address is a special serial private networks typically access the Internet thru
number used for identification. Each device connected Network Address Translation (NAT). In addition,
to the Internet has an IP address. This is how one technologies such as Anycast addressing have been
machine can find another through the massive developed to allow multiple hosts at the same IP
electronic network. address but in different portions of the Internet to
service requests by network clients.
Although IP addresses are stored as binary numbers,
they are usually displayed in human-readable notations, The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
such as 192.168.100.1 (for IPv4), and manages the global IP address space. IANA works in
2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6). The role of the IP cooperation with five Regional Internet Registries
address has been characterized as follows: "A name (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to Local Internet
indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it Registries (Internet service providers) and other
is. A route indicates how to get there." entities.
Any machine connected to the Internet has an IP IP address is not the same as www domain name
address: Xbox games, cell phones, fax machines, and addresses. For nearly every web server, the IP address
even soda pop dispensers have IP addresses. In every is invisibly translated into a natural English "domain
case, the IP address acts both like a car license plate name" for ease of use. But technically speaking, the IP
and like a telephone number: it shows ownership, address is the true identifier of a web server. On the
allows the machine to be located by other machines, other hand, the domain name is simply a redirector
and empowers authorities to track and protect people's pointer to help people find the web server.
safety, if need be.

prepared by CdK / 2017Sep3

 CDI 4B - Cybercrime Investigation 2
Here are three IP addresses, with their corresponding D. DETERMINING IP ADDRESS
domain names. Both the IP address and domain name
There are many ways to determine the IP address of
URL can be used to connect to the same web server:
the PC you are using. Five among these various
72.246.51.15 www.nasa.gov methods are as follows:
152.91.56.138 www.gov.au 1. Use a Search Engine
208.185.127.40 www.about.com 2. Thru the Router Settings
3. Use the Command Prompt (What command will
Your ISP has a block of IP addresses to lend. Internet
you use?)
authorities allot large bundles of IP address numbers to
4. Use the Network Connections
regional ISP. Those ISP's, in turn, assign the IP
5. Use IP websites
addresses to every server and every internet user who
logs on. There are millions of IP addresses active at any
instant.
FIND THE IP ADDRESS OF OTHER COMPUTER
Every participating host and the devices on a network USERS
such as servers, routers, switches, DNS, DHCP,
There are various ways also to find IP address of
gateway, web server, internet fax server and printer
computer devices that are online. Here are some of the
have their own unique addresses within the scope of the
methods:
network.
1. Thru an e-mail message
TCP/IP protocols are installed by default with the
2. Use the Command Prompt (What command will
Windows based operating systems. After the TCP/IP
you use?)
protocols are successfully installed you need to
3. Use an online tracer (IP application/tool)
configure them thru the Properties Tab of the Local Area
4. Use IP websites
Connection.
C. CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS
ASSIGNMENT # 2-3A
There are five classes of the IP addresses and only 3
classes (A, B and C) are in the use. Class D IP Investigate how to hide, block or change the IP
addresses are reserved for the multicast group ant address of a particular computer
cannot be assigned to hosts and the E class IP Can a computer or a cellphone be located using
addresses are the experimental addresses and cannot the IP address? How?
be assigned to the people.
Class A: The binary address for the class A starts with
0. The range of the IP addresses in the class A is E. CLOUDCOMPUTING
between 1 to 126 and the default subnet mask of the Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of
class A is 255.0.0.0. Class A supports 16 million hosted services over the Internet. Cloud computing is a
hosts on each of 125 networks. An example of the technology which uses internet and one remote server
class A is 10.10.1.1. Class A is used for the large to maintain data and various applications. This
networks with many network devices. technology allows consumers and businesses to use
Class B: The binary address for the class B starts with applications without installation and access their
10. The range of the IP address in the class B is personal files at any computer with internet access. It
between 128 to 191 and the default subnet mast for provides for much more efficient computing by
the class B is 255.255.0.0. Class B supports 65,000 centralizing data storage, processing and bandwidth. In
on each of 16,000 networks. An example of the class a cloud computing system, there's a significant
B address is 150.10.10.10. Class B addresses workload shift, with a network of computers handling
scheme is used for the medium sized networks. storage and computing.
Class C: The binary address for the class C starts with Cloud computing lets users share files and
110. The range of the IP addresses in the class C is applications over the Internet. However, this service is
between 192 to 223 and the default subnet mask for not perfect.
the class C is 255.255.255. Class C hosts 254 hosts
on each of 2 million networks. An example of the ASSIGNMENT # 2-3B
Class C IP address is 210.100.100.50. Class C is Search relevant information on the ff:
used for the small networks with less then 256
devices and nodes in a network. History of cloud computing
Types of cloud, service model and
Class D: The binary addresses for the class D starts deployment models
with 1110 and the IP addresses range can be
between 224 to 239. An example of the class D IP Uses of cloud computing
address is 230.50.100.1 Downside/dangers of cloud computing
Class E: The binary address can start with 1111 and
the decimal can be anywhere from 240 to 255. An
example of the class E IP address is 245.101.10.10 ACTIVITY # 2-03C
It is very important to know that all the computers in the Investigate how cloud computing works.
same network segment should have the IP addresses
for the same class.
Illustrate how cloud computing works.

prepared by CdK / 2017Sep3

 CDI 4B - Cybercrime Investigation 3

LABORATORY ACTIVITY # 2-3A

THE CLOUD DRIVE
Activate the cloud drive feature of your cyber
account. Upload webpages, pictures, videos,
and MS documents in your G-drive.
Clip the window in webpage showing the
contents of your cloud drive. Paste the clipped
image in the template for this activity. Fill up
other details required in the form.
Send output on/before 5:30 2017 Sept 4.

ADDITIONAL LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

#2-3B Determine the IP address of your PC in

three different ways

#2-3B Detect the IP address of other PCs in the

same LAN where you are

#2-3C Trace the location of an online suspect

using the IP address of his computing device

Submit report on/before 2017 Sept 11.

i
[source: Opus One]

prepared by CdK / 2017Sep3