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Showing Sync and Rect Form A Fourier Pair: X X X Sync

This document directly proves through integration that the sinc function (Sync(x)) and the rectangular function (Rect(x)) form a Fourier pair. It first shows that the Fourier transform of Rect(x) is 2*Sync(ω). It then evaluates the inverse Fourier transform of Sync(ω) through multiple integration steps and substitutions to arrive at Rect(x), demonstrating they are Fourier pairs. The proof avoids hand-waving justifications and rigorously derives the relationship through mathematical steps.

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Arial96
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54 views3 pages

Showing Sync and Rect Form A Fourier Pair: X X X Sync

This document directly proves through integration that the sinc function (Sync(x)) and the rectangular function (Rect(x)) form a Fourier pair. It first shows that the Fourier transform of Rect(x) is 2*Sync(ω). It then evaluates the inverse Fourier transform of Sync(ω) through multiple integration steps and substitutions to arrive at Rect(x), demonstrating they are Fourier pairs. The proof avoids hand-waving justifications and rigorously derives the relationship through mathematical steps.

Uploaded by

Arial96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Showing Sync() and Rect() form a Fourier Pair

By Clay S. Turner 5/2/06

As is commonly learned in signal processing, the functions Sync() and Rect() form a
Fourier pair. And usually the proof for this goes along the lines of taking the Fourier
transform of Rect() and getting Sync()1. Then for the other way around the properties of
the Fourier transform are used to show the converse. So in some sense a form of hand
waving is used by blindly asking the student to accept the reversibility of the Fourier
transform. In fact it took mathematicians quite a while after Fouriers initial work to
make the proofs for his theory rigorous.

But this paper is going to show how these two particular functions form a Fourier pair the
old fashioned way by direct integration.

So first we will lay some groundwork with some definitions:

sin( x)
Sync( x) =
x

and

1 when | x |< 1
Re ct ( x) = 0.5 when | x |= 1
0 when | x |> 1

Likewise, we will define the Fourier transform (direct and inverse respectively) as


i x
Analysis: F ( ) = f ( x )e

dx


1 ix
Synthesis: f ( x) =
2 F ( )e

d

1
Depending on the definition of the Fourier transform, there are same scaling constants.
Now we will 1st tackle the trivial case namely find the Fourier transform of the Rect()
function.


2 sin( )
1

Re ct ( x)e dx = 2 Re ct ( x) cos(x)dx = 2 cos(x)dx =


ix
F ( ) = = 2Sync( )
0 0

Now to go the other way, we will find two integrals very handy:



a 1 1
0 a 2 + s 2 ds = a 0 1 + y 2 | a | dy = sgn(a) tan y
1
[ ]

0 = sgn(a)
2

It is easy to forget that the Jacobian requires an absolute value and then one
erroneously arrives at an answer without the sgn() function.


a
sin(ax)e
sx
dx = where s is positive
0 a + s2
2

This latter integral is found by applying integration by parts twice.

Now for the inverse Fourier transform of the sinc() function we start with definition.


sin( )
f ( x) =
1 ix
2Sync( )e d =
1
(cos(x) + i sin(x))d
2

Next exploit the fact that Sync() is even, so


2 sin( ) cos(x)
f ( x) = d
0

Now use a trig identity to expand the product into a sum

1 sin ( (1 x) ) + sin ( (1 + x) )

f ( x) = d
0

Next we use a trick to replace 1/omega with an integral. Specifically:


1
0
= e s ds
So plugging this substitution in the above, we find:


f ( x) = sin ( (1 x) ) + sin ( (1 + x) )d e s ds
1
0 0

And now by Fubinis theorem, we can write this as a double integral

[sin ( (1 x) ) + sin ( (1 + x) )]e


1 s
f ( x) = dds
0 0

Now lets split this into the sum of two integrals:

sin ( (1 x) )e sin( (1 + x))e


1 s 1 s
f ( x) = dds + dds
0 0
0 0

Now notice that these two with respect to omega) are in the form of the second example
integral in this paper, so using that result, we find after integrating out omega:


1 1 x 1 1+ x
f ( x) =
(1 x )
0
2
+s 2
ds +
(1 + x )
0
2
+ s2
ds

And finally we integrate s, to find (using the first sample integral)

f ( x) =
1
(sgn(1 x) + sgn(1 + x) )
2

which using the defintion for Rect() is seen to be:

f ( x) = Re ct ( x)

Thus we have shown how Sync() and Rect() form a Fourier pair using direct integration.

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