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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

ME415: Computational Fluid Dynamics & Heat Transfer Spring 2017

Assignment # 1: 1D & 2D Computational Heat Conduction for Cartesian Geometry
Instructor: Prof. Atul Sharma

Date Posted: 25th Aug. 2017 (Thurs.) Due Date: 6th September (Wed., Early Morning 2 AM)

ONLINE SUBMISSION THROUGH MOODLE ONLY (No late submission allowed): Create a
single zipped file consisting on (a) filled-in answer sheet of this doc file converted into a pdf file and
(b) all the computer programs. The name of the zipped file should be rollnumber_A1
Note: Both problem and answer sheet are provided below. SCILAB should be used for
programming as well as generating graphical results.
Refer http://spoken-tutorial.org/tutorial-search/?search_foss=Scilab&search_language=English, for
getting started to SCILAB for programming as well as generating graphical results. To save figure:
Go to Graphic window number, click on File, then click on Export to, select Windows BMP
image in the Files of type. Make sure to save the file in the same location where you have this
file. More details are given in the next page.

1. CFD Application and code-verification for a 1D unsteady state heat conduction problem.
Consider 1D conduction in a long stainless-steel (density : 7750 kg/m3, specific-heat cp: 500 J/Kg K,
thermal-conductivity k: 16.2 W/m-K) sheet of thickness L=1 cm. The sheet is initially at a uniform
temperature of 30oC and is suddenly subjected to a constant temperature of Twb = 0oC on the west and Teb =
100oC on east boundary.
Using the flux based solution methodology of CFD development, develop a computer program for
explicit method on a uniform 1-D Cartesian grid. Present a testing of the code for a volumetric heat
generation of 0 and 100, MW/m3. Consider maximum number of grid points as imax=12 and the steady
state convergence tolerance as st=10-4. Plot the steady state temperature profiles with and without
volumetric heat generation and compare with the exact solution.

2. CFD development and code-verification for a 2D unsteady state heat conduction problem.
Consider 2D conduction in a square shaped (L1=1m and L2=1m) long stainless-steel plate. The plate is
initially at a uniform temperature of 30oC and is suddenly subjected to a constant temperature of Twb = 100oC
on the west boundary, Tsb = 200oC on the south boundary, Teb = 300oC on the east boundary, and Tnb = 400oC
on north boundary.
i. Using the flux based solution methodology of CFD development, develop a computer program for
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explicit method on a uniform 2-D Cartesian grid. Use the steady state stopping criterion for non-
dimensional temperature, given as

q
lc2 Ti n, j+1 - Ti n, j
= e st { lc = L1 & DTc = Tnb - Twb }
t aDTc Dt
i, j
max for i , j

ii. Present a CFD application of the code for a volumetric heat generation of 0 and 100 kW/m3. Consider
maximum number of grid points as imaxjmax=1212 and the steady state convergence tolerance as
st=10-4. Plot the steady state temperature contours with and without volumetric heat generation.

3. Coefficient of LAEs based methodology for CFD development and code-verification for 1D
unsteady state heat conduction problem, on a non-uniform grid.
Consider 1D conduction in a long stainless-steel sheet of thickness L=1 cm. The sheet is initially at a
uniform temperature of 30oC and is suddenly subjected to a constant temperature of Twb = 0oC on the west
and h=1000 W/m2.K and T=100oC on east boundary.
i. Generate a non-uniform 1D Cartesian grid, using an algebraic method (can be found in slide no. 5.63 to
5.66). The method involves a transformation of a uniform grid, in a - coordinate based 1D computational
domain of unit length, to a x- coordinate based physical domain of length L, using an algebraic equation
given (Hoffmann and Chiang, 2000) as
( 2x -1)
( 1+ b )
( b + 1) / ( b - 1)
- ( b - 1)
x=L
2 1+ { ( 2x -1 )
( b + 1) / ( b - 1 )
}
This equation results in a grid which is finest near the two ends of the domain and gradually become
coarser at the middle of the domain. It is called as equal clustering of grids at both the ends of the domain.
Consider maximum number of grid points as imax=12 and =1.2 (which controls the non-uniformity in
the grid size).
ii. Using the coefficient of LAEs based solution methodology of CFD development, develop a Gauss-Seidel
method based computer program for implicit method on the non-uniform 1-D Cartesian grid. Present a
CFD application of the code for a volumetric heat generation of 0 and 100, MW/m3. Consider the
convergence tolerance as st=10-4 for steady state, and =10-4 for iterative solution. Plot the steady state
temperature profiles with and without volumetric heat generation, and compare with the exact solution.

4. Coefficient of LAEs based methodology for CFD development and code-verification for 2D
unsteady state heat conduction problem, on a non-uniform grid.
Consider 2D conduction in a square shaped (L1=1m and L2=1m) long stainless-steel plate. The plate is
initially at a uniform temperature of 30oC and is suddenly subjected to a constant temperature of Twb = 100oC
on the west boundary, insulated on the south boundary, constant incident heat flux of qW = 10 kW/m2 on the
east boundary, and h=100 W/m2.K and T = 30oC on north boundary.
i. Generate a non-uniform 2D Cartesian grid, using an algebraic method, using the equation given above for
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the non-uniform grid generation in the x-direction. However, this equation is also used in the y-direction
to generate the 2D grid. This equation results in a grid which is finest near the two ends (east and west as
well as north and south boundary) of the domain and gradually become coarser at the middle of the
domain. It is called as equal clustering of grids at both the ends of the domain. Consider maximum
number of grid points (for the temperature) as imaxjmax=1212 and =1.2.
ii. Using the coefficient of LAEs based solution methodology of CFD development, develop a Gauss-Seidel
method based computer program for the implicit method on a non-uniform 2-D Cartesian grid. Use the
stopping criterion presented in the previous problem, with Tc=Twb-T.
iii. Using the non-uniform grid and the program, present a CFD application of the code for a volumetric heat
generation of 0 and 50 kW/m3. Consider the convergence tolerance as st=10-4 for the steady state, and
=10-4 for iterative solution by the Gauss-Seidel method. Plot the steady state temperature contours with
and without volumetric heat generation.

Best Wishes for your success in the insightful field of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Keep Playing with the codes in future also.
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NOTE: CODE EXECUTION IN SCILAB

To open a Scilab console:
Linux: ApplicationsProgrammingScilab or ApplicationsScienceScilab
Windows: StartAll programsScilabScilab.exe
To load a source code (or a Scinote file):
In the Scilab console, go to top menu bar
FileOpen a file(Browse for the *.sci file path)
The source code opens in a new Scinote window.
NOTE: Once this window is open, subsequent loading of a new *.sci file will open a new tab in
the same Scinote window.

MULTIPLE SCINOTE TABS

To execute a program written in Scinote:

In the Scinote window (with the desired program tab open), go to top menu bar
Executefile with no echo (please do not select file with echo)
The execution begins in the Scilab console window.

NOTE: Only one Scilab code can be executed at a time. Once an execute command is given
and the code is to be stopped at an intermediate stage, use the method given below. If another execute
command is given without completing/aborting the previous run, erroneous results may be produced.
To abort a running program:
Go to the Scilab console window and press CTRL+C. This interrupts the code execution. A prompt
appears asking for user input. Enter abort here to stop the code execution.
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Answer Sheet
Problem # 1: Flux based methodology, with explicit method and uniform grid: 1D Conduction

Plot the steady state temperature profiles with and without volumetric heat generation and compare with the
exact solution. (2 figures).

(a) (b)

Fig. 1.1: Testing of the explicit method based 1D code on uniform Cartesian grid, for unsteady state heat
conduction, (a) without and (b) with heat generation. The figure shows comparison of the
numerical with the analytical solution for steady state temperature profile.

Discussion on the Fig. 1.1:

The program was run for both the cases-when there is a heat generation of 100 MW/m 3 and when there is no
heat generation inside the domain with the following boundary conditions: 100 0C on east boundary and 00C
on west boundary and 300C all over the domain. At steady state, we obtain a linear variation of temperature
profile when there is no heat generation and maxima is obtained in the case of heat generation. The
analytical solution shows a very good agreement with the numerical solution.
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Problem # 2: Flux based methodology, with explicit method and uniform grid: 2D Conduction

Plot the steady state temperature contours with and without volumetric heat generation. (2 figures).

(a) (b)

Fig. 1.2: CFD Application of the explicit method based 2D code on uniform Cartesian grid: Steady state
temperature contour for unsteady state heat conduction, (a) without and (b) with heat generation.

Discussion on the Fig. 1.2:

The program was run for both the cases-when there is a heat generation of 100 kW/m 3 and when there is no
heat generation inside the domain with the given boundary conditions. At steady state, we obtain a variation
of temperature profile whose magnitude lied within those of the specified boundaries when there was no
heat generation. Nonetheless, for heat generation case, the magnitude of temperature maxima exceeded
those at the boundaries.

Problem # 3: Coefficient of LAEs based methodology, with implicit method and non-uniform
grid: 1D conduction
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Plot the steady state temperature profiles with and without volumetric heat generation and compare with the
exact solution. (2 figures).

(a) (b)

Fig. 3.1: Testing of the implicit method based 1D code on non-uniform Cartesian grid, for unsteady state
heat conduction, (a) without and (b) with heat generation. The figure shows comparison of the
numerical with the analytical solution for steady state temperature profile.

Discussion on the Fig. 3.1:

The program was run for both the cases-when there is a heat generation of 100 MW/m 3 and when there is no
heat generation inside the domain with the given boundary conditions. At steady state, we obtain a linear
variation of temperature profile when there is no heat generation and maxima is obtained in the case of heat
generation. The analytical solution shows a very good agreement with the numerical solution.

Problem # 4: Coefficient of LAEs based methodology, with implicit method and non-uniform
grid: 2D conduction
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Plot the steady state temperature profiles with and without volumetric heat generation. (2 figures).

(a) (b)

Fig. 4.2: CFD Application of the implicit method based 2D code on non-uniform Cartesian grid: Steady
state temperature contour for unsteady state heat conduction, (a) without and (b) with heat
generation.
Discussion on the Fig. 4.2:

The program was run for both the cases-when there is a heat generation of 50 kW/m 3 and when there is no
heat generation inside the domain with the given boundary conditions. In both the cases, we can see that the
temperature profile is perpendicular to the south face of the domain due to no heat flux boundary condition.
Also, the temperature contour originates from the east face at a constant angle due to constant heat flux
boundary condition.