International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

360 Degree Wheel Rotation Vehicle

Arunkumar S M1, Chandan Kumar Sahu2, Yubaraj G M3,Jahangeer A B4
1234
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Technological Institute, India)

Abstract : The design and fabrication of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle using DC motor and steering is
done to reduce time to turn from one direction to other direction. This vehicle can move in all direction at a
same position by used of steering, sprocket, DC motor, bearing and chain drive. Main function of this vehicle is
easy to move from one direction to other direction. Modern development and economical progression of Indian
society resulted in increase of people on railway platform, increase of vehicle on the road,due to space
constraints, in hospital is major problem of the country. Present study aims for development of a system to
reduce the turning radius of vehicle.In this system at first vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the
required direction with help of steering system and DC motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of
length of the vehicle itself.This vehicle used to carry the goods in various area such as, railway platform,
hospital, industries and market.
Keywords: Bearing, Chain drive, DC motor, Sprocket, Steering and wheel

1. Introduction
This project is about design of 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions
and this design provides better comfort and also saves the time of customers, most of the people using this
vehicle to carry goods, patient etc. But most of the time, they have to face the problem like taking U turn etc. So
have to design a 360 degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the industry and at the
railway platform. Zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this system, steering is connected to sprocket and this sprocket is connected to sprocket of front wheel
by chain drive. Steering is used to provide the direction of front wheel. The DC motor is connected to sprocket
bolt at above of frame. When power supply from battery to DC motor then rotary motion transfer from DC
motor to the wheel. The bearings are provide below sprocket which allow to wheel rotate 360 degreeabout
vertical axis. Then this same rotary motion is transfer to the rear wheels by sprockets and chain drive
arrangement. So as a result this arrangement of the vehicle wheels to turn 90 degrees left and 90 degree right
from original position, but front wheels of this vehicle rotate 360 degree by steering, sprocket and chain drive
arrangement. Without moving from the spot, i.e. the vehicle has zero turning radius. This helps in maneuvering
the vehicle in tight spaces such as parking lots and within small compounds.The various functions of the
steering wheel are to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This should co-
exist with the road feel for the driver so that he can feel the road condition without experiencing the effects of
moving over it.

2. Literature survey
The idea of 360 degree wheel rotation load carry vehicle is analyzed from;
Jaishnu Moudgil, et al. [1], presented a 360 degree rotating car to overcome the problem of parking
space. This car has zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing
through the center of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra
space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle is to be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle
itself. In this presentation, so got idea of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle and have plane to make 360 degree
wheel rotation load carry vehicle, this vehicle is to be used in different area like industries, hospital, railway
platform, etc.
Sudip kachhia [2],presented a 360 degree rotating vehicle to overcome the problem of parking space.
This project is about design of 360 degree rotating car to move in all direction. This design provides better
comfort and also saves the time of customers, thats why it is also the reliable for the customer. As it is also

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

battery operated car thus no fuel is required. Hence it is economical to the environment. This also reduces the
cost of the car, and also got idea to use battery to operate this vehicle.
K. Lohith, et al. [3], presented a four wheel steering system for a car. In four wheel steering the rear
wheels turn with the front wheels thus increasing the efficiency of the vehicle. The direction of steering the rear
wheels relative to the front wheels depends on the operating conditions. At low speed wheel movement is
pronounced, so that rear wheels are steered in the opposite direction to that of front wheels with the use of DC
motor to turn left and right. In this presentation, the use of DC motor is to rotate the wheels 90 degree left and
90 degree right from original position.
Er. Amitesh Kumar, et al. [4], presented zero turn four wheel steering system, the various functions of
the steering wheel are, to control the angular motion the wheels, direction of motion of the vehicle, to provide
directional stability of the vehicle while going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle
after completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the maximum possible extent. This project the
use of steering is to rotate front wheels.
Mr. Sharad P. Mali, et al. [5], presented zero turn four wheel mechanism, in this project people have used DC
motor and wheel to vehicle rotate 360 degree at a same position. So in this project, the idea is to arrange of DC
motor and wheel.

3. Design
Design of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle adopted to easily move in required direction. This vehicle
is mainly consist of DC motor, steering, sprockets, chain drive, iron pipe, bearing, and wheels. The basic
arrangement of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle is as shown in Fig. 1.

1. Steering
2. Sprocket
3. Chain drive
4. Wheel
5. Iron pipe
6. DC motor
7. Bolt
8. Frame

Fig. 1 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle

4. Design calculation
Design parameters considerations are;
4.1 Motor calculation
Specification and calculation:
60 rpm
12 V
18 W
P 60
Torque of motor: = (1)
2 3.14 N
18 60
=
2 3.14 60
= 2.866 Nm
= 2.866 10 N-mm
The motor shaft is made of MS and its allowable shear stress (Fd )= 42 MPa
3.14 F d d
Torque: = (2)
16

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

3.14 42 d
5.72 x 10 =
16
d = 7.031 mm
The nearest standard size is d = 8 mm.
4.2 Calculation of position of center of gravity with respect to the rear axle
We know that turning Radius of vehicle (R) = 1500 mm.
Also we know that,
Turning radius of vehicle: R = a 2 2 + R12 (3)
Where,
a 2 = Distance of CG from rear axis.
R1 = Distance between instantaneous center and the axis of the vehicle.
To find a 2
W a2
Load on front axel: Wf = (4)
L
Where, Wf = Load on front axle = 17kg (On basis weight distribution)
Total weight of vehicle (W) = 30kg
Wheel base (L) = 2669 mm
Therefore,
a 2 = 1200 mm
Substituting the value of a 2 in the above equation
R1 = 2010 mm

If load apply on the vehicle is 25kg and length 600 mm, width of vehicle 800 mm.Find the reaction force
developed by each wheel and also find torque of each wheel?
Here Given Data
W=25kg

Fig. 2force diagram

Length=600 mm
Width=800 mm
To find reaction force on each wheel (F), torque (T)
a
r= ( ( )2+ ( )2 )0.5 (5)
2 2
600 2 800 2 0.5
r= ( ( ) +( ) )
2 2
r=500 mm
Now
W= 25kg = 25 9.81 = 245.25N

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

Now
W
Force on each wheel = (6)
4
=61.32N
According to newtons 3rd law of motion
W
Reaction Force developed by each wheel: F = (7)
4
= 61.32N
Now
W
Torque on each wheel: T= r
4
= 30660 N-mm

5.Working principle and components

This project consist of steering, chain sprocket,DC motor, wheel, bearing, iron pipe, battery and chain
drive. In this system first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the required direction with help of
steering system and DC motor. Teeth of sprocket are completely mesh with chain drive which has used to
provide rotary motion to rear wheels by help of DC motor. Steering is used to provide direction of rotation to
front wheels by help of sprocket and chain drive arrangement. DC motors are used in each wheel to provide
forward and backward movement of this vehicle, also a battery is used to provide electrical energy of each DC
motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to negligible of length of the vehicle itself. This system is to be useful
in hospitals, small industries and also on railway platforms.
360 degree wheel rotation vehicle consist of steering, chain sprocket, chain drive, iron pipe, battery, DC
motor and wheel.
In this vehicle sprocket of front wheel and sprocket of steering are connected by first chain drive and
sprocket of rear wheel connected to second chain drive and DC motor has is given to each wheel to provide
forward and backward movement of vehicle.
When steering is to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise direction by hand then sprocket is connected with
steering also rotates clockwise and anticlockwise direction. This rotary motion transfers to front wheels by
chain drive because teeth of sprocket and chain drive are completely mesh to each other. Bearing is
provided with sprocket which allows the wheel to rotate 360 degree. So as a result front wheels of this
vehicle rotates in 360 degree direction by steering at a same position.
When power is supplied from the battery to DC motor then DC motor starts to rotate in clockwise direction
and also sprocket will rotate in clockwise direction because sprocket bolt is connected to DC motor, the
same rotary force is transferred to other rear wheels by chain drive because sprocket of rear wheel are
connected by chain drive and bearing has provide with sprocket which allow to wheel rotate. So as a result
rear wheels also rotate 90 degree left from original position and reverse current flow from battery to DC
motor then rear wheels rotate 90 degree right from original position.
When power supply from battery to DC motors of each wheels then each DC motor starts rotate then
wheels also rotate with DC motor because wheels and DC motors are connected by bolts and nuts. As a
result vehicle moves in forward direction and when reverse current flow from battery to DC motors, then
DC motors start rotate in opposite direction. As a result vehicle is move in backward direction.

The main components used to fabricate the model are:

Steering
Sprocket
Chain drive
Wheel
Iron pipe
DC motor
Bearing
Fixed frame
Battery

5.1 Steering
Steering is a part of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle. This part is used to provide the direction to the
front wheels by help sprocket and chain drive, which providesdirection to the front wheels clockwise or
anticlockwise direction.

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

5.2 Sprocket
A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a chain. The sprockets
are used for the power transmission between steering and wheel through the roller chain drive. A sprocket is a
profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. Chain
sprocket is a part this vehicle. Chain sprocket are used to provide the clockwise or anticlockwise direction to
front wheel and rear wheel through the chain drive. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked
vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or
to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.

5.3 Roller chain

A roller chain is the type of chain driven most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power
between two sprockets. It consist of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by
a toothed wheel called a sprocket.It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly
bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. In this vehicle first
chain drive connected with sprocket of front wheel and sprocket of steering and second chain drive is connected
with sprocket of rear wheel.

5.4 Wheel
In this vehicle wheels are made of plastic material. Wheel are connect with DC motor and front wheel
rotate 360 degree by help of steering, chain sprocket, chain drive and bearing arrangement. The rear wheels
rotate 90 degree left and 90 degree right from original position by help of DC motor, sprocket and chain driver
arrangement, DC motor has given to each wheel to provide forward and backward movement of wheel.
5.5 Iron pipe
Ironpipe is a one of important parts of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle. It is made of mild steel. Which is used
to connect bearing and DC motor of each wheel.

5.6 DC motor
In this vehicle one DC motor are provide in each wheel to move forward and backward direction. The
specification of motor used is 12 V, with 60 rpm.When power supply from battery to DC motor then DC motor
rotate in clockwise direction and when reverse current supply from battery to DC motor then DC motor will
anticlockwise direction. Which will forward and backward movement of vehicle. An electric motor uses
electrical energy to produce mechanical energy. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple
electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an
external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength
of the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite (North
and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North, South and South) repel. The internal
configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying
conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational motion.

5.7 Bearing
In this vehicle bearing is use easy to move wheel from one direction to other direction, each bearing is
connected with each wheel with the help of sprocket and iron pipe.A bearing is a machine element that
constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of
the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a
fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction.

5.8 Fixed frame

The fixed frame forms the base of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle. This frame is made of Mild
Steel (MS). It has four wheels attached to its two sides by sprocket bolt and iron pipe.

5.9 Battery
Battery is one of the important parts of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle. Which is connected to DC
motor by electric wire. It is store electrical energy and supply to DC motor so vehicle will move forward and
backward direction. Batteries operate by converting chemical energy into electrical energy through
electrochemical discharge reactions. Batteries are composed of one or more cells, each containing a positive
electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte. Cells is to be divided into two major classes primary

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

and secondary. Primary cells are not rechargeable and must be replaced once the reactants are depleted.
Secondary cells are rechargeable and require a DC charging source to restore reactants to their fully charged
state.
6. Fabrication details
The fabrication details with assembled model are shown below:

6.1 Assembled model

The Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the assembled model of proposed system.

Fig. 3the side view of assembled model

Fig. 3 thetop view of assembled model

6.2 Performance analysis

The performance analysis of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle has clearly shown that it is more
efficient, economical and effective.In this project forward and backward movement of vehicle and turning of
rear wheel of the vehicle are getting power from the battery in the form of an electrical energy. This energy is
has stored into a 12V battery and then supplied to the components. As the electrical power is used and
transmitted to components by the use of electrical wires in place of any mechanical arrangement, this results in
less noise, less wear of components and less vibration. Use of battery provides a smooth flow of current toward
the components. Most of time people are facing problem in parking and railway platform because other vehicle
are taking more space to move from one direction to other direction. But developed 360 degree wheel rotation
vehicle this problem easily solved. Because this vehicle has capability to move from one direction to other
direction in very less space. In this project a DC motor and battery are used according to load carry capacity
which is of 5 kg, but vehicle able to carry more load if use more than 12V of battery.

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International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications (IJLERA) ISSN: 2455-7137

Volume 02, Issue 05, May 2017, PP 75-81

7. Advantages, disadvantages and application
Advantages, disadvantages and application of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle shown below;

7.1 Advantages
It consumes very less time to turn from one direction to other direction.
It is more efficient compare to other type of load carry vehicle.
This type of load carry vehicle is easily parked in any direction.
It is less costly load carry vehicle.
Eco friendly.
Less noise operation.
Battery operated thus no fuel required.
More efficient.
Battery is using in this 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle to move forward and backward, so it is a kind
pollution free vehicle

7.2 Disadvantages
This type of load carry vehicle is not applicable to carry more weight.
Battery power is required to move of the vehicle.

7.3 Application
In Industries for automation of raw material like automated guided vehicle.
In automobile sector there are so many types of vehicle are using to carry goods from one position to
another position, there is space problem in the industry so this vehicle is used in automobile applications
because this vehicle consumes very less space compare to other type of vehicle.
This vehicle is used in small Industries for transportation of raw material from one position to another
position.
Modern development and economical progression of Indian society resulted in increase of vehicle in park
so there are also problem. In park other vehicle are taking more space to move from one direction to other
direction and 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle have capability to move parallel direction so this vehicle is
easily move from one direction to other direction in park.
Take easily U-turn because front wheel of this vehicle are rotating freely by steering, chain drive and
sprocket arrangement.
It is used in hospitals to carry the patient from one room to another room. Because there are lots of patients
those are staying in one room.

8. Conclusion
A prototype for the proposed approach was developed by introducing steering and DC motor to wheel
rotate 360 degree. This prototype was found to be able to be maneuvered very easily in tight spaces, and after
manufacture of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle consumed very less space to turn from one direction to
another direction and it consumes less time to turn and this vehicle used in various area such as small industries,
railway platforms.

References
[1] Jaishnu Moudgil, Shubhankar Mengi and Mudit Chopra, 360 Degree Rotating Vehicle to Overcome the
Problem of Parking Space, International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 5(2), 2015, 22-25.
[2] Sudip kachhia, Design of 360 Degree Rotating Car, International Journal of Advance Research and
Innovative Ideas In Education, 2(5), 2016, 1516.
[3] K. Lohith, K. Lohith, Dr. S. R. Shankapal, M. H. Monish Gowda, Development of Four
Wheel,Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology,12(1), 2013, 52-53.
[4] Er. Amitesh Kumar, Dr.Dinesh.N.Kamble, Zero Turn Four Wheel Steering System, International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,5(12), 2014, 22-24.
[5] Mr. Sharad P. Mali, Mr. Sagar Jadhav, Prof. D.U.Patil, Zero Turn Four Wheel Mechanism,
International Engineering Research Journal,2(2), 2016, 484-486.

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