Environment Our Surroundings Standard 4 (Semester I- Semester IT) @ rience India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters, love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage. I shall always strive to be worthy of it. I shall respect my parents, teachers and all my ‘elders and treat everyone with courtesy. pledge my devotion to my country and its people. My happiness lies in their will-being and prosperity. Price : = 42.00 #7 Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks 'Vidyayan', Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar-382010(© Gujarat State Board of Schoo! Textbooks, Gandhinagar Copyright of this book is reserved by Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks. No reproduction of this book in whole or in part, in any form is permitted without written permission of the Director of Gujarat State Board of School. Authors ShriBhaveshPandya Shri Ketan Vyas ShriJayeshPatel_ Shri Pravin Patel ShriPranav\yas Shri Manan Buddhdev ShriChangabhaiKag Shri AshokMakwana ShriJashubbaiPatel Shri Haribhai Patel ShriKamleshD. Patel Shri Prakashbhai Shrma ShriArunaParmar Shri Bhavnaben Mori ShriMinaxiMehte Shri Pushpa Parmar ShriVivek Trivedi Shri Prakash Parmar Shri Kamlesh K. Patel ‘Translators Dr.L.M.Bhatt Dr.B.K.Jain Ku RinkuC. Suthar Reveiwers Dr.ViralB. Jadav Shri Dhaval Solanki Shri Amy Joy Shri Kinnari M. Pandya Dr.K. Saroja Shri Dilip Padhiyar Language Correction Shri Vaibhav Kothari Artist Sarjan Graphics Co-ordinator Shri Chirag H. Patel (Subjecto-ordinator: Physics) Preparation and Planning Shri Haresh S, Limbachiya (Dy. Director: Academic) Lay-outand Planning. Shri Haresh S, Limbachiya (Dy. Director: Academic) PREFACE In keeping withthe guidelines laid down under NCF-2005 and RTE-2009, structural pedsgogical changes have come about in primary education, curriculum design and textbooks aeross Inia. This change refers to our understanding of concerned subjects and taching- learning procedure on the whole. The primary objective ofthis syllabus isto foster creativity, ut-of-box thinking, logical and analytical skis among young children. The Textbook Board of Gujarat takes pleasure in introducing the textbook of Standard 4 Our Surroundings (Environment) to students, teachers and parents painstakingly preparedby G.CERT, Gandhinagar. IGNUS-erg Team Members have provided vital inputs and ‘guided the State Resource Group members in the process of framing new syllabus and designing the textbooks. UNICEF and he core-group ‘members ofthe concemed subjects have been quite helpful at various junctures [Before prescribing this textbook in the schools across Gujarat, this book in Gujarati medium had been introduced in selected schools on an experimental basis. Based on the feedback received from the stakeholders, necessary changes have been incorporated by Gujarat Counel of Education and Research Training init. Gujarat State School ‘Textbook Board convened # mecting of invited subjecteexperts and experts from GCERT to prepare the final draft of this textbook in Gujarati before prescribing it inthe primary schools across Gujarat. Subsequently the final draft in Gujarati has been translated in to English [Every effort has been made tomaintain quality ofthe book und to cater to the taste of young students. We hope that young children will like the four-coloured form ofthis textbook and make the optimum use ofthis book. Efforts have been made ori the book of errors. Still we solicit suggestions froma the stakeholders. Dr, Bharat Pandit Dr. Nitin Pethani Director Executive President Date:3-3-2015 Gandhinagar First Edition : 2015, Published by : Bharat Pandit, Director, on behalf of Gujarat State Board of School Textbooks, *Vidyayan’, Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar Printed byFUNDAMENTAL DUTIES Itshall be the duty of every citizen of India * : (@) () () @ © © () (h) @ 0 () To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; Touphold and protect the sovereignity, unity and integrity of India; To defend the country and render national service when called upon to doso; To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures; ‘To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement, To provide opportunities for education by the parent or the gurdian, to his child or award between the age of 6 and 14 years as the case may be. * Constitution of India : Section 51-CName of Lesson 1. Please... Be careful 1 2. Just can't live without food 7 3. Lush Green World 14 e How much have you learnt ?-1 2 4. My Tehsil... (Taluka) 25 5. Amazing World 33 6. Dream of Gabu 42 How much have you learnt ? — 2 Map Our State, Our Government Love for Nation How much have you learnt ? — 3 Floating - Sinking Digestive organs Food — producers 84 My school 93 How much have you learnt ?—4 987 Symbol/Pictogram .®) Fill in the colours :a Which friends are living nearby your home ? Whose weight is more than yours among your friends ?13. (#) wee: Take an old newspaper and note down the following :What will happen, if two vehicles collide ? What harm may be caused to the people ? ‘What damage may be caused to the things ? What damage may be caused to the vehicles ? as Please... Becaretul(G) wee: How could this have happened ? @ She might be inattentive, while cutting vegetables. ® She might be cutting vegetables very fast. @ Someone might have pushed her from backside, while she was cutting vegetables.(Q) woe: We know that even minor mistakes can harm a lot. Sometimes undue haste results into minor, major or horrible accident. One may get hurt or die in these kinds of accidents. We have seen pictures of different accidents. Sometimes when we feel minor injury, we take first aid at home. In case of cuts, wound, minor burn or nose bleeding, we take first aid at home. The immediate help given to the injured person before taking him/her to the doctor is called first aid. Through this we can save one's life also. Think and Write : © Dhruv got hurt on the leg while playing in the school, now what treatment should be given ? © If blood flows out from the wound, we can press the wounded part with hand, cotton or cloth. © Itis harmful to cover and clean it with either sand or running water. © Bandage the wound by using first aid box.Think and Say : You are playing on the ground of your school. Suddenly Raju's nose starts bleeding. What will be your steps in this situation and which treatment will you give? Smeet has got hurt his toe in the school. It is bleeding . Now, what will youdo? #) Write : Write about accident which you have seen. whom accidenteB.© What did you eat yesterday ? © What would you like to eat ? e Do your friends eat same kind of food everyday ? @ What will happen, if we do not take different types of food ? Potatoes of Batakiyabhai ! There lived a Batakiyabhai. He liked potatoes the most. He used to take potato wafers in the breakfast, spicy potatoes at noon and sukibhaji-subji ofye ‘Whenever he got hungry, he ate only potato made items. Mother : Dear, Will you eat brinjal? Batakiyo : ‘No, Idon'tlike it.’ Mother +: Willyoueatdal-rice? Batakiyo : No, Idon'tlike that also. Mother +: Willyoueatmilk—chapaties? Batakiyo : 'No...No... like only and only potatoes. Batakiyabhai did not listen to anyone. He kept on eating only potatoes. One day he fell ill. The doctor came at home. He gave bitter medicine. He gave injection too. Batakiyabhai began to cry. Doctor +: His body has tumed pale like a potato. What do you give himtoeat? Mother : Sir, he eats only potatoes. Doctor ; Our body does not get nutrition from potato only. Give him milk, chapati, dal, rice, vegetables, pulses etc. in food now onwards. Mother : Butsir, he doesnot eat anything except potatoes. Doctor : Thenhewillnot get well only by medicine. Mother : Oh! whatwill happen now, sir? Think and Say : © What made Batakiyabhai fall ill ? @ What did doctor say to him ? © Do you eat the same type of food everyday ? © Do you feel ever like Batakiyabhai ? @ What do you have everyday in food at your home ? Let's Remember : Food gives nutrition to our body, we get different nutrients from different kinds of food. All the types of food are necessary for good health.Think and Say : ‘What should Batakiyabhai eat ? © Doctor made a list and gave it to Batakiyabhai’s mother. Let us see the list. Keeps away from diseases| (Protective food) vegetables‘ghee Think and Say : © Do you eat all types of food ? © If, no then why not ? @ oer: (#) Write : Write from observation : @ We take different items in food. eCee List out your daily food and from which cereals you are getting it.Activity : ‘You will have cereals and pulses at your home. Bring five grains of each. Introduce them in the class. What have other friends brought ? Make alist. NameofCereals | ‘Name of Pulses Itis true: Washing vegetables and cleaning grains before cooking would keep diseases away. » Animals and birds do not eat unless they are hungry. e@ Wash your hands — feet and face with soap before eating. . It keeps one healthy. Discussion : @ Have you seen food being cooked ? © Suggest the different ways to cook food. © What would happen if we eat raw food ? ® Which things can be eaten raw ? ® Which things can be eaten roasted ?a| =: Let us eat pure and hygenic food. Let us chew the food properly. Let us eat on time. Let us avoid over eating. We should drink enough water.Sie Lush Green World (A) rnin te cota Draw a picture of a tree and colour it :© The plants which are small and have short lifespan, are called Shrubs. @ The plants which are very big and have longer lifespan, are called Trees. © The plants which creep on land or need support of others to climb are called Climbers.Activity : Take impression of different leaves :yr C$ we: © List out the uses of plants. Maize is produced in all countries of the world except Antarctica. Most of the forests are in Madhya Pradesh in India . More than 188 lac hectares of land is used for agriculture in Gujarat. © A Banyan tree named Kabirwad, on the banks of river Narmada, in South Gujarat, is so huge that it is difficult to locate its main trunk.How much have you learnt ? - 1 . © Make a house from clay. © Make a house from wooden sticks. @ Make things from match boxes.P R T T|Z)|oO Ss E|K/|H|D|C|C|}B\|w Z o < < o a ° a ° D\/O|N/|K/E/Y/|B/|R{A Y|/U|/D|\|O|V > E/|B Z|X/|V)P A|H/|C|D/E I O|N|K|M|/O|N/|K/E|/Y N P|E;/;A/C/}O|}C|K/|V/E/R Puzzle: WwW B G Jd M @Observation : © Discuss the observations of lessons 1 to 3.Fill in the colours : For true sentences ee and for false sentences 46 © The mango tree is a shrub. 3t The Rose and the Hibiscus are fruits. +t Do not touch electric switch with the wet hand. +t Bitter gourd and bottle gourd are climbers. 34 We should not give first aid after the accident. 3 Amazing Tn one of the areas of New Jersey in America, there is a law that one can’t buy an ice-cream without the doctor's prescription after six o'clock in the evening. Any movement while National Anthem is being sung, is an insult to our National Anthem. It is an offence to drive slower than prescribed limit in America. It is an offence to shut the door of your car with a bang, in Switzerland.My Tehsil... (Taluka) Friends, ‘You may have seen many kinds of maps. Maps provide us different information and knowledge easily. We can find maps of village, tehsil (Taluka), district, state, nation and world. Your school also may have different maps. Get the map of your tehsil and study it. (#) See and Write : Think and Say : Which of the villages have you visited described in the map ? Which are worth seeing places in your tehsil ? Which are the pilgrimage places in your tehsil ? Where do you have fairs in your tehsil ?Which fairs have you seen? © What do we find in the fair ? © What do you like in fairs? © When are the fairs held ? © How do you feel while riding the merry-go-round ?(#) Write : Write the following details from the book ‘Our District’ : e@ Fairs of Tehsils : Historical places of the Tehsil® Which is the most visited pilgrimage place in your tehsil ? @ Why should we conserve the historical places ? @ Anote about the village of Harsh : The map of the area surrounding Harsh's village is given here. Harsh lives in Jepur. One can go to Loteshwar from here. Here is an ancient temple. We can go to Varana from Jepur. There is a temple of Goddess in Varana. There is a village named Ravad near Jepur. There is a big pond here. Draw the outline of the area surrounding your village :Which of these festivals do you celebrate ? Which festivals are national festivals ? Why ? Which is the longest festival of Gujarat ? Which festivals are associated with business/occupation ? Which festival do you like the most ? Why ?yeDiscussion : © How does occupation influence the life of a person ? © What differences do we find in the customs of different societies ? © Which things affect food habits of people ? Recognize and mark [//] : See the pictures given below. Recognize the residence you find in your tehsil. Markthesign W inthe | ] given below the pictures :Discussion : What difficulty do we have to face, if we don't have own residence ? What is the speciality in the nearby house ? Which type of houses do you find more in your Tehsil ? Ts there any effect of occupation on the structure of the house ?Amazing World Observation :(#) Write : Who have horns ? Who have beak ? Who have two-legs ? Who have four-legs ? Whose ears are seen ? (Q) me: ‘There are certain similarities between birds and animals. All the birds have beak and all the animals have four legs. This common feature shows similarity in them. While certain things are different too. These are the diversities in them, Let us have list of other birds and animals living nearOh wow ! how interesting it is ! If we see, though all the animals are same, they have dissimilarities. Such common things and dissimilarities are seen in birds also. Just think, what will happen if all of these birds and animals have same colour, appereance, sound and shape ? Due to the differentiation only, the animals and birds appear attractive. Look at the picture formed by mixing different body parts of various birds and animals, Head of the cock Body of the camel(@ Fill in the colours : © What is the unique quality in the animals ? © What is the unique quality in a bird? © What are the diversities in birds and animals ? © Draw the picture of your favourite animal here and fill in thecolours. Many similarities can be seen in birds, such as every bird has a beak and wings, as well as hole instead ofears.Think and Say: Fill in the colours : © What are the diversities in beaks ? © For what purpose does the bird use its beak ? © What are the diversities in birds' paws ? © For what purpose does the bird use its paws ? © Why does every bird have different shape of claw? © Draw the picture of your favourite bird and fill in the colours.¥ 1m Use of beak e Use of paw e Many similarities are found in animals. Like every animal has teeth, four legs and ears which are visible. They have differences also. See and Understand :Think and Say : © For which purpose do the animals use teeth ? © Why does each animals have dissimilarities in shape and size of their teeth ? © What will happen, if all the animals have similar teeth ? © What are the differences in claws of animals ? © What is the use of paw to animals ? @ Why does every animals have different shape of the paw ? @ What may happen if all the animals have similar paws ? (#) Think and Write : Use of mouth: ® Useofpaw: ®& @ usin: Think and Say : © What do different birds and animals eat ? © What do they do to get the food ? © Describe different eating habits of birds and animals. © How do different birds and animals eat ?© Eating by tearing it © Nibbling © Swallowing the food Birds and animals have special place in our life. Now we will learn, b how they are useful to us. <Think and Write : The pictures of animals are given below. Show how they are useful tous: (Q) nea: We have recognized the birds and animals. We have also learnt about their similarities, dissimilarities, usefulness and their food. These birds and animals are our friends. They are useful to us directly or indirectly. Get more information about it. (#) Think and Say: © What would happen, if birds and animals were not there ? © How can birds and animals be conserved ? Activity : Make a Puppet with the help of your teacher and present the puppet show.Dream of Gabu Song: Story of Dream : * y | * * : Listen everyone about the dream. At the night came fairy with the bag of chocolate in her hand. Fairy gave chocolate to Gabu. Gabu relished it, to her delight. Fairy goes out with Gabu, the cold wind blows in the sky. Gabu meet stars, Twinkle twinkle little star, Oh so bright and oh so far ! Inthe sky, atiny dot. Glowing gas that's very hot ! Twinkle twinkle little star, Oh so bright and oh so far. Fairy said : Now its turn to meet moon. Beaming beaming gleaming moon, Like giant white ballon ! Round and round the earth you spin. Through the month, new shapes youarein, Beaming, beaming, gleaming moon, Like giant white ballon. Moon puts Gabu back, Gabu is crying loudly. Moon said : Now is the time of Sun. Glowing, glowing, red hot Sun, shining light on everyone, earth goes around you once a year, You area star with atmosphere ! Glowing, glowing red-hot sun, Shining light on everyone.Tam the star seen during day. I give light to all. Morning breaks with my rising. Darkness will disappear on my arrival. ‘Yes, the Sun is a star. The Sun is closer to us than any other star and hence it appears big. Think and Say : Have you seen any star during the day time ? What do you see in the sky at night ? You will say the moon and the stars... Have you seen the moon during day time ? Think..... over it..... Puzzle : Tam seen at night. I give coolness to all. My shape changes everyday. Stars are my friends. ‘Yes, sometimes the moon is visible in the evening. Sometimes big, sometimes small. The moon is called mama (uncle) ofall.Tam the Sun. I give light. If Lam not shining will be an epidemic. Grains, fruits or vegetables cannot grow without me. Tam the star closest to you. I shine during the daytime. Many people worship me. Tam the Moon. I appear at night. Bright fortnight and dark fortnight occur because of me. Many festivals are celebrated according to my phases. I cause tide and ebb in the sea. Iam natural satellite of the earth. lama star. I twinkle. * * ok I twinkle but sometimes I disappear. * I appear in different colours. * tk * Direction can be known with my help in darkness. Iam very far away from you, so that J appear small.@ It is true: ® = The pole star (Dhruv) is always seen in North. © Observing sky during the night is a great pleasure. Cluster of different types of stars are seen. The group of stars are given wk * a @ It is true: When the Sun enters into 'Makar' (Capricon) zodiac sign, it is called “Makarsakranti”, In this season of Uttarayan, it is benificial to eat oily substances. That's why Tilsankali is eaten on Uttarayan. Uttarayan is celebrated by the people of different religions. Think and Say : It is an interesting incident. Harbhajan Singh used to go for a walk everyday in the evening after returning from office. He walks until it is dark. It was 21" June, he reached 2 kilometers far than everyday. Why didThink and Write : ‘What would happen if the Sun sets for two hours in the noon ? What would happen if all other stars be seen with the Sun ? ‘What would happen if the sun appears suddenly at night ? What would happen if the Sun, the Moon and the Stars disappear ?How much have you learnt ? - 2 x Classroom Activity : -(6) . . is formed of different tehsils (8) . The Sun is not seen when there 10.The life of ...... is different in different villages. (6) 12.The phase of moon increases during...... fortnight (6) occurs while rushing on theroad (8) ... tool is used in kitchen (4) 7. Thecolour ofleafis (5) 8. . of moon is changing everyday (5) 11. The Sunrises inye | (9) vain texture: @ Fill colour in the[_Jof following pictures : © Things which can be eaten © Pictures which are seen in the sky |] © Pictures of animals HlThink and say : Under which circumstances an accident may happen ? “e What should be done in case of an accident ? When can the complete phase of moon be seen ? What can be taken as food ? Which villages are there near by your village ?© What is scen in the sky at night ? Leaves of which plants can be eaten ? Which plants are used as medicine ? Amazing : Halley's comet passed from very near to the earth last in the year 1986. Halley's comet is seen from the earth after every 76 years. Jupiter has more than 39 satellites. Saturn and Uranus in our universe have rings around them. Saturn has 30 satellites.Environment Our Surroundings Standard 4 (Semester II)Map Here is the map showing the way from Trupti's house to school. Help Trupti to reach the school from her house.(#) Write : What did Trupti see on the way from house to school ? Om Post-office= Here are given different symbols in he picture t ne Pichare shown By symbols is called a map. Different symbols git different inf es Discussion EP rvcoons Pw Write := @ How is the map useful? © What can be known by map ? @ How are the symbols useful ? © What happens, if there are no symbols 7 Qu: Gowm We find different symbols around us. These symbols can be seen on the road, in hospitals, in offices or at public places. Draw the symbols which youcome across.Make a list by putting symbols : Post-office Hospital Shop& 2 8 ge g| | 8 a af , do (#) wee: What do you buy from a roadside vendor ? Read : You must have bought sweets and food from sweet seller, baker grain parcher, or roadside vendor. By eating open and stale food, we fall ill. Where do we get raw materials to prepare food ? The persons who produce these food items are known as food producers. These food producers are seen around us. Project : A Visit to a Farmer's place © Name of the farmer : © Dress © Tools © Food © Residence“ee The crops sown during the year : Daily life : Project : A Visit to Cattle rearer : Name of the cattle rearer : Dress : Tools : Food : Residence : Names of animals reared Daily life : (Q) wu: (@) wae: © Write names of the crops which are produced in your Taluka, from the book ‘‘My District.”Activity : Make a wall piece by collecting husk of groundnut, matchstick, saw dust ete. One e Items made of milk ee (#) Write : @ Modern tools used in farming.iss a SEN Fill in the colours : Draw the picture of your school :Write © How many rooms are there in the school shown in picture ? How many rooms are there in your school ? Which facilities shown in the picture are available in your school ? Which facility shown in the picture is not there in your school ? Which are other facilities included in the school ? (#) Write : Year of establishment of the school Initial place of the school First student admitted in the school Most educated boy student of the school Most educated girl student of the school @) Read: Hem lives in Bharuch. He studies here. There are many facilities in his school. Some facilities have been made possible by donation to the school. Fans, benches, mike, mattresses etc are received by donation to school. School receives facilities from donors.Chairs-tables Mattresses Sound system Computer Prizes ete Meals on particular occasions. Rooms of schoolActivity : (#) Write : Write a letter to the donor who has donated generously | for development of school. Detail Sports (student) Sports (teacher) Science exhibition Cultural activity Elocution Other We also get this kind of achievement through our inner talent. You also may have got achievements and prizes. Discuss that with your friend. Arrange an exhibition of old photographs, shields and certificates received by the students and teachers.@# Ask and Write : Rooms of the school Total standards ‘Number of teachers Total students Name of the first principal Name of present principal Number of computers Musical instruments Sports equipments Number of fans Number of chairs Number of tables Other facilities Number of books in the library& How much have you learnt ? - eRMark against correct statements and X against incorrect statements : Food enters in large intestine from stomach and small intestinte Food is chewed by teeth. Food enters into stomach through food pipe. Food comes out in the form of excreta at last. Foodpipe is one of the digestive organs. We should eat food fast without chewing it. Classroom Activity : Put slips of names of different digestive organs in the box. Make the children sit in circle and pass the ball. Play music. When music stops, ask the child having ball in his hand to take one slip from the box. Tell student to speak about digestive organ mentioned in the slip. 6 Write : Write names of different milk products : eo e —_ee e@ Which things do you buy ? —— e @ Which tools are used by farmers who are living near by you ? e (#) Write about school.Observation : (#) Write : How many houses are there in your colony ? Who has maximum number of members in the family ? Who has minimum number of members in the family ? © Who is the eldest one in your colony ? ©) Read and Say : Rita goes to school everyday by autorickshaw. Shabanam also goes with her. One day they both were talking “ We don't have enough space in our autorickshaw. We find it difficult to sit in the autorickshaw. Suddenly Ruchan came running towards them. Ruchan said, “ We are only five boys coming in our autorickshaw. ea Discussion : Whose autorickshaw will you like to travel by ? Which difficulties Rita will have to face in autorickshaw ? Which facilities Ruchan have in autorickshaw ? In whose autorickshaw you would like to go ? Why ? agoaa