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EE204 Solved Examples On Transformers

The document provides examples of solving problems related to single-phase transformers. The examples cover determining power factor, iron and magnetizing current, drawing equivalent circuits with parameters referred to different sides, calculating secondary voltage, efficiency, voltage regulation, and transformer ratings when used as an auto-transformer. Diagrams are included to illustrate transformer connections and equivalent circuits.

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6K views5 pages

EE204 Solved Examples On Transformers

The document provides examples of solving problems related to single-phase transformers. The examples cover determining power factor, iron and magnetizing current, drawing equivalent circuits with parameters referred to different sides, calculating secondary voltage, efficiency, voltage regulation, and transformer ratings when used as an auto-transformer. Diagrams are included to illustrate transformer connections and equivalent circuits.

Uploaded by

Evanora Java
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SINGLE-PHASE TRANSFORMER PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTIONS

Example: For a magnetic circuit, on no-load condition, core loss is, PC = 16 W; apparent
power, (VA)rms = 20 , E1 = 275 V, N=200 turns. Assuming a sinusoidal flux
waveform, find:
a) Power factor,
b) Iron current,
c) Magnetizing current,

(a) Core loss: = 1 . .


Pc 16
= cosc = = = 0.8
VA 20
275
(b) Pc = E1 I cosc , E1rms = 2 = 194.5 Volt

16
I = = 0.103 A
(194.5)(0.8)

Ic = I cosc = (0.103)(0.8) = 0.082 A

(c) Im = I sinc = (0.103) sin( 1 0.8) = 0.062 A

Example: A 50 KVA, 2400:240 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following winding impedances

H.V. side : 0.72+ j0.92

L.V. side: 0.007 + j0.009


1
Magnetising admittance, Yc = = (0.324-j2.24)x10-2, referred to secondary (LV side)

Draw the equivalent circuit referring all parameters to H.V. & L.V. sides, respective/y,

SOLUTION:

Referring all parameters to H.V.


side (primary side):

1 2400 10 1
= = , 2 = 2 ( )2
2 240 1 2

1
2 = (0.007 + 0.009)( )2 Exact equivalent circuit with all parameters referred to HV side
2

= 0.7+ j0.9

~1~
Referring all parameters to LV 0.0072 0.007
side (secondary side):

2 2
1 = 1 ( )
1

Exact equivalent circuit with all parameters referred to LV side

2 1 2
1 = (0.72 + 0.92) (2 ) = (0.72 + 0.92) (10) = 0.0072 + 0.0092
1

Example: Find the secondary voltage 2 of the


transformer,

referred to H.V. side: 1.42 + j1.82 Ohm

Neglecting shunt admittance of the transformer,


the equivalent circuit will be as follows. Equivalent circuit with all parameters referred to HV side is
shown in the figure. Rated primary current of the transformer is,
50000
| | = = 20.8
2400

=
2 + 1 .

1 = 20.8 cos1 0.8 A

1 = 20.8 36.9 = 16.64 12.48

Total impedance from the sending-end up to the load:

Z= Zf + Zt = 1.72 + 3.42

1 . = (16.64 12.48). (1.72 + 3.42)

= 28.62 21.45 + 56.96 + 42.6 = 71.30 + 35.44

2400 = 2 0 + 71.30 + 35.44

2400 cos 2 = 71.30

2400sin = 35.44 = 0.842

2 = 2400 71.3024 = 2328.44

~2~
Referred to H.V. side:

240
2 = 2328.44 ( ) = 232.8
2400

Example: A 50 KVA, 2400 : 240V transformer has the following test data:

V I (Amp) P (Watt)

O.C. Test 240 5.41 iron loss 186(L.V. side)

S.C. Test 48 20.8 copper loss 617(H.V. side)

Determine percentage efficiency and voltage regulation of the transformer at full load, 0.8 p.f.
lagging.

From the short-circuit test data, the transformer parameters to be determined are:

48
| | = = 2.31
20.8
617
| | = = 1.42
(20.8)2

| | = (2.31)2 (1.42)2 = 1.82

Core loss at full load:

= 186

At full load , pf= 0.8 lag:

( ).. = 50000(0.8) = 40000

( ).. = ( ).. + = ( ).. + +

Where,
2
50000 2
( ).. = . =( ) (1.42) = 617
2400

.. = 40000 + 186 + 617 = 40803

40000
% = 100 = 100 = 98%
40803

2 = 240,

2400
2 = . 240 = 2400
240

~3~

1 =
2 + 1 . = 24000 + 20.836.9 (1.42 + 1.82) = 24000 + 48.015.1

1 | = 2446
= 2446 + 12.5 = 24460.29 |

If the load is removed while the primary voltage is held constant, the secondary voltage referred to
H.V. side will rise to 2446 Volt

|2. | |2. | 2446 2400


% = 100 = 100 = 1.92%
|2. | 2400

Example: A 50 Hz, two winding transformer is rated as 3 KVA, 220/110 Volt. This transformer is
connected as a step-up auto transformer to deliver 330 V to a resistive load when the input is from a
220 V source. Assuming that the transformer is ideal find:

a-) the value of the load resistance for which rated current will flow in each winding.
b-) the power delivered by transformer action and the power delivered by conduction.
c-) the input impedance looking from the load side

SOLUTION:

Rated Currents:

3000
1 = = 13.65
220

3000
2 = = 27.3
110
330
(a) = 27.3 = 12.1

(b) = 13.65 220 = 3000

= 1 . = 220 27.3 = 6000

(c) = 27.3 + 13.65 = 40.95

~4~
220
= = = 5.37
40.95

Example: Figure (a) is a 2 winding transformer rated at


50 KVA, 2400/240 Volt. If it is connected as an auto
transformer shown in Fig. (b)

(a) Compute &


(b) Compute KVA rating of the autotransformer
(c) If the losses are 803 W, compute the full load efficiency
at 0.8 p.f. lagging

SOLUTION:

50000
1 = = 20.8
2400

50000
2 = = 208
240

= 208 + 20.8 = 228.8

(a) = 2400
= 2400 + 240 = 2640

(b) () = . = . = 2400228.8
= 2640208 = 550

(c) = 5500.8 = 440


440
= 100 = 100 = 99.82%
+ 440 + 0.803

~5~

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