Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators and Moving Walks

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In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in
NME 417 1ME: Safety Engineering

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Presented to the
College of Engineering
University of the East - Caloocan

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Cruz, Arvin Jansen O.

18. September. 2017
Article 6.1 Scope

6.1.1 This chapter provides definition of terms commonly used in the subject of elevators, dumbwaiters, and
escalators. It includes safety regulations in the design, arrangement, installation and operation of the aforementioned
equipment. Somewhere in the chapter are shown the techniques, methods, and manner of determining the number of
elevators required as well as the maximum rated load in terms of passenger and also the capacity and loading of
dumbwaiters.

Article 6.3 Electric Elevators

6.3.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosure

(a) Fire-Resistive Construction Required,

Hoist ways shall be enclosed throughout their height with fire-resistive enclosures, and all hoist ways landing openings
shall be protected with fire-resistive entrance assemblies.

Exceptions:

(1) Partitions between fire-resistive hoistways and machine rooms having fire-resistive enclosures and which are
located at a side of or beneath the hoistway, may be of unperforated noncombustible material at least equal
to 1.52 mm sheet steel in strength and stiffness with openings therein essential for ropes, drums, sheaves, and
other elevator equipment.
(2) Elevators which are entirely within one story or which pierce no solid floors and serve two or more open
galleries, book stacks, etc., in buildings such as power-houses, libraries, open towers, and similar structures.
(3) Observation elevators which are adjacent to a building wall without penetrating the separate fire-resistive
areas of the building. (Fire resistive entrances assembles and a fire resistance rated wall per Sec 6.3.1 (b) shall
be used).
(b) Fire Resistance Rating
The fire resistance rating of a hoistway enclosure, exclusive of entrances and protective assemblies in other
openings, shall be not less than required by the National Building Code.
The fire resistance ratings of the entrances shall be not less than 1 hour.
The fire resistance rating of hoistway opening protective assemblies other than elevator entrances shall be not
less than 1 hour as determined with tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASME E152 Methods of Fire
Tests of Door Assemblies.
The fire resistance shall not be less than required by Local Code such as the National Building Code, National
Fire Code and the Philippine Electrical Code.
 (c) Non-Fire-Resistive Enclosures.
Where fire-resistive hoistway enclosures and entrances are not required by Sec. 6.3.1.1 (a) the hoistway shall
be fully enclosed. Enclosure and entrances shall be unperforated to a height of 1830 mm above each floor or
landing and above the treads of adjacent stairways. Enclosures shall be so supported and braces as to deflect
not over 25 mm when subjected to a force of 45 kg applied horizontally at any point. Unperforated metal
enclosures shall be equal to or stronger than 1.2 mm sheet steel. Open work enclosures may be used above
the 1830 mm level and shall reject 50 mm in diameter, and shall be of either of wire grille at least 2.30 mm
diameter steel wire of expanded metal at least 2.30 mm in thickness.
(d) Strength of Enclosure
The hoistway enclosure adjacent to a landing opening shall be of sufficient strength to maintain in true lateral
alignment the hoistway entrances. Operating mechanism and locking devices shall be supported by the
building wall, if load bearing, or by other building structure. Adequate consideration shall be given to pressure
exerted on hoistway enclosures as a result of windage and/or elevator operation.

8.3.1.2 Floor Over Hoistways

(a) Where Required. A metal or concrete floor shall be provided at the top of the hoistway.

Exceptions: Floors are not required below:

(1) Secondary and deflecting sheaves of traction-type machines located over the hoistway.
(2) Overhead sheaves, governors, and other equipment where the elevator machine is located below or at
the side of the hoistway.
(b) Location of Floor. The floor shall be located:
(1) Above or level with the top of the machine beams where the machine is located over the
hoistway;
(2) Below the overhead sheaves where the machine is not located over the hoistway.
(c) Strength of Floor. The floor shall be capable sustaining a concentrated load of 136 kg on any 2580
mm2 area and in addition where it constitutes the floor of the main or secondary level machinery
space, it shall be designed for a live load of not less than 611 kg/m2 in all open areas. A sign stating
the maximum allowable load of which the floor is designed shall be permanently displayed in all main
and secondary machine-room spaces. The sign shall be of metal with black letters and figures at least
100 mm high on a white background.
(d) Construction of Floors. Floors may be of concrete, or may be of metal construction with or without
perforations. Metal floors shall conform to the following:
(1) If of bar-type grating, the openings between bars shall reject a ball 20 mm in diameter.
 (2) If of perforated sheet metal or of fabrivated open work construction, the openings shall
reject a ball 25 mm in diameter.

6.3.1.3 Hoistway Protection in Case of Fire

Hoistway of elevators shall be provided in cases of fire as required by the local codes. Such as National
Building Code, National Fire and the Philippine Electrical Code.

6.3.1.4 Hoistway for all elevators shall be substantially enclosed throughout their height, and there shall be no
openings except for necessary doors, windows or skylights.

6.3.1.5 Hoistway for elevators outside building shall be substantially enclosed to a height of at least 3000 mm
provided that the enclosure shall be continuous to the top of any side on which there is access to the cage.

6.3.1.6 The enclosure shall be either a continuous wall or substantial grill work, metal bars, or wood stats.

6.3.1.7 Openings fixed enclosures shall not exceed 50 mm in their lesser dimensions, at all places where moving
cars, counter-weights, or sliding doors present hazard they shall not exceed 10 mm in their lesser dimensions.

6.3.1.8 Hoistway enclosures and hoistway doors and door assemblies shall be of fire-resistive construction of not
less than 1-hour fire resistance.

6.3.1.9 Where four or more elevators serve all or same portion of a building, they shall be located in not less than
two (2) hoistway and in no case shall more than four (4) elevators be located in any one hoistway.

6.3.1.10 Windows and Skylights

(a) Window and Skylight Frames and Sash.

Windows in the walls of hoistway enclosures are prohibited. Frames and sashes of windows in machine
rooms and skylights shall be of metal

(b) Skylights Guards

A guard securely anchored to the supporting structure, consisting of a wire mesh screen of at least
2.325 mm diameter steel wire with openings which will reject a ball 25 mm in diameter, or an expanded
metal screen of equivalent strength and open area, shall be installed above every elevator skylight. A
similar screen of at least 1.205 mm diameter steel wire, or of expanded metal of equivalent strength and
open area, shall be installed below every elevator skylight.
6.3.2 Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces

6.3.2.1 Enclosure Required

(a) Enclosure Required for Elevators Having Non-Fire-Resistive Hoistway Enclosure. Spaces containing machines,
control equipment, sheaves and other machinery shall be enclosed with non-combustible material extending to a
height of not less than 1830mm. Openwork material, if used, shall reject a ball 51mm in diameter.

6.3.2.2 Equipment in Machine Rooms

(a) Equipment Permitted Machinery and Control Spaces. Elevator machine and control equipment may be located in a
room or space containing other machinery and equipment essential to the operation of the building; provided that
they are separated from the other machinery or equipment by a substantial metal grille enclosure not less than
1830mm high with a self-closing and self-locking door. The grille enclosures shall be of a design which will reject a ball
51mm in diameter.

(b) Equipment Prohibited in Machine Room. Where the elevator machine control equipment are not located at the
top of the hoistway, only machinery and equipment required for the operation of the elevator shall be permitted in the
elevator machine room.

6.3.2.3 Where machine room are provided over elevator shaftways they shall be substantially counstructed with
sufficient room for repair and inspection and access shall be by means of iron ladder or stairs where the machine room
entrance is more than 600mm above the adjacent floor or roof surface. The angle of incline of such ladder or stair shall
not exceed 60degerees from the horizontal.

6.3.2.4 Landing doors for power driven elevators shall be provided with interlocks to hold the elevator car immovable
while any landing door Is open and to make it impossible to pen any landing door when the ca is more than 80mm
away from the landing except with special emergency key.

6.3.2.5 Landing openings in passenger-elevator hoistway enclosure shall be protected preferably by sliding doors,
combination sliding and swing doors, or swinging doors.

6.3.2.6 Access to Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces.

(a) General Requirements.

A permanent, safe and convenient means of access to elevator machine rooms and overhead machinery
spaces shall be provided for authorized persons.
(b) Where the passage is over a sloping roof having slope exceeding 15 deg. From the horizontal, an
unobstructed, permanent and substantial walkway not less than 610 mm wide, equipped on at least one side
with a standard railing not less than 1067 mm high, shall be provided from the building exit door at the roof
level to the means of access to machine room or machinery spaces. Railings shall conform to the requirements
of ANSI A12.1

6.3.2.7 Headroom in Machine Rooms and Overhead Machinery Spaces.

Elevator machine rooms and machinery spaces not located over the hoistway shall have a clear headroom of not
less than 2130mm
 Where a floor is provided at the top of the hoistway (see Sec 6.3.1.2), elevator machine rooms and overhead
machinery spaces above such floor shall have a clear headroom of not less than the following:

(a) Machine, control, and motor-generator, rooms, 2130mm

(b) Spaces contacting overhead, secondary or deflecting sheaves, and governors, signal machines, or other
equipment, 1372mm
(c) Spaces containing overhead, secondary and deflecting sheaves, the machine and supporting beams may
encroach on the required headroom provided there is a clearance of not less than 914mm between the
underside of such beams and the top of the floor.

6.3.2.8 Lighting and Ventilation of Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces

(a) Lighting

Permanent electric lighting shall be provided in all machine rooms and machinery spaces

The illumination shall be not less than 108 lux at the floor level. The lighting control switch shall be located within
easy reach of the access to such rooms or spaces.

Where practicable, the light control switch shall be located on the lockjamb side of the access door.

(c) Ventilation for Machinery and Control Equipment.

Machine rooms shall be provided with natural or mechanical ventilation to avoid overheating of the electrical
equipment and to ensure safe and normal operation of the elevator.

6.3.2.9 Storage of Materials in Machine and Control Rooms.

Elevator machine and control rooms shall be maintained and shall not be used for storage of articles unnecessary
for he maintenance or operation of the elevator. Flammable liquids having a flash point of less than 43.3 degree
centigrade shall not be kept in such rooms.

6.3.3 Electrical Wiring, Pipes and Ducts in Hoistway and Machine Rooms

6.3.3.1 Wiring, Raceways, and Cables in Hoistways

Main feeders for supplying power to the elevator shall be installed outside the hoistway.

Only such electrical wiring, raceways, and cables used directly in connection with the elevator, including wiring for
signals, for communication with the car, for lighting, heating, air conditioning, and ventilating the car, for low
voltage fire-detecting systems, for pit sump pumps, and for heating and lighting the hoistway, may be installed
inside the hoistway.

6.3.3.2 Installation of Pipes or Ducts Conveying Gases, Vapor or Liquids in Hoistways, Machine Rooms, or Machinery
Spaces.

Pipes of ducts conveying gases, vapors or liquids and not use in connection with the operation of the elevator shall
not be in any hoistway, machine room or machinery space.
Exceptions

(1) Steam and hot water pipes may be installed in hoistways, machine rooms, and machinery spaces for the
purpose of heating there areas only, subject to the following:
(a) Heating pipes shall convey only low pressure steam (34 KPa or less) or hot water (100 degree centigrade
or less)
(b) All risers and return pipes shall be located outside the hoistway.
(c) Traps and shut-off valves shall be provided in accessible locations outside the hoistway.
(2) Ducts for heating, cooling, ventilating and venting these spaces only may be installed in the machine room and
machinery space.
(3) Pipes for sprinklers only may be installed in these subject to the following
(a) All risers and returns shall be located outside there spaces
(b) Branch lines in hoistway shall supply sprinklers at not more than one floor level
(c) Shut off valves shall be provided in accessible locations outside these spaces.
(4) Piping for pit and sump pumps may be installed.

6.3.4 Guarding of Exposed Auxiliary Equipment

6.3.4.1 In machine rooms and secondary machinery spaces, exposed gears, sprockets, tape of rope sheaves or drums of
selectors, floor controllers or signal machines, and their driving ropes, chains or tapes, shall be guarded to protect
against accidental contact.

6.3.5 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports and Foundations

6.3.5.1 Beams and Supports Required.

Machines, machinery and sheaves shall be so supported and maintained in place to prevent any part from
becoming loose or displaced under the conditions imposed in service.

Supporting beams, if used, shall be of steel or reinforced concrete. Beams are not required under machines,
sheaves and machinery or control equipment which are supported on floor provided such floors are designed and
installed to support the load imposed thereon.

6.3.5.2 Loads

(a) Overhead Beams, Floors, and their Supports

Overhead beams, floors and their supports shall be designed for not less than the sum of the following loads:

(1) The loads resting on the beams and supports which shall include the complete weight of the machine,
sheaves, controller, governor and any other equipment together with that portion, if any of the machine-room
floor supported thereon.
(2) Two times the sum of the tension in all wires ropes supported by the beams with rated load in the car.
Note: There tensions are doubled to take care of impact, accelerating stresses, etc.

(b) Foundations, Beams and Floor for Machinery and Sheaves not located directly over the hoistway.

The supports for machines and sheaves located below or at the sides of the hoistway shall have the following
requirement.
 (1) The foundation shall support the total weight of the machine, sheaves and other equipment, and the floor
if any.
(2) The sheaves, beams and the foundation bolts shall withstand two times the vertical component of the
tension in all suspension types on the foundation or beams less the weight of the machine or sheaves.
(3) The sheave beams and foundation blots shall withstand two times the horizontal component, if any, of
the tension in all suspension ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundation or beams.
(4) The foundation shall withstand two times the over-turning movement, if any, developed bt the tensions in
all the suspension ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundations or beams.

6.3.5 Pits

6.3.6.1 Where required. A pit shall be provided for every elevator.

6.3.6.2 Design and Construction of Pits

(a) The construction of the pit walls, the pit floor, and any pit access doors (see sec. 6.3.6.3) shall conform to
section 6.3.1.1

(b) The floor of the pit shall be approximately level.

(c) Drains connected directly to sewers shall not be installed in elevator pits.

(d) Elevator pits shall be water-proofed with at least 3/16 steel plate on all sides at a height of not less than
1200mm including the pit floor.

Exception: Sumps with or without pumps may be installed.

6.3.6.3 Access to Pits. Safe and convenient access shall be provided to all pits and shall conform to the following.

(a) Access shall be by means of the lowest hoistway door or by means of a separate pit access door.

(b) There shall be installed in the pit of each elevator where the pit extends more than 914mm below the sill
of the pit access door, a fixed vertical ladder on non-combustible material, located within reach of the access door. The
ladder shall extend not less than 1067mm above the sill of the access door, or handgrips shall be provided to the same
height.

(d) Pits shall be accessible only to authorized persons.

Where a separate pit access door is provided, it shall be self-closing and provided with a spring-type lock arranged to
permit the door or be opened from inside the pit without a key. Such doors shall be kept locked.

6.3.6.4 Illumination of Pits. A permanent lighting fixture shall be provided in all pits, which shall provide an illumination
of not less than 54 lux at the pit floor. A light switch shall be provided and shall be so located as to be accessible from
the pit access door.

6.3.6.5 Stop Switch in Pits. There shall be installed in the pit of each elevator, an enclosed stop switch or switches,
meeting the requirements of section 6.4.11.3

The switch shall be so located as to be accessible from the pit access door. Where access to the pits of elevator shall be
located adjacent to the nearest point of access to its pit from the access door.
6.3.6.6 Minimum Pit Depths Required. The pit depth shall be not less than is required for the location of the buffers,
compensating sheaves if any, and all other elevator equipment located therein, and to provide the minimum bottom
car clearance and runby required by Section 6.3.7.

6.3.7 Bottom and Top Clearances and Runbys for Elevator Cars and Counterweights.

6.3.7.1 Bottom Car Clearances. When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, there shall be a vertical clearance of
not less than 610mm between the pit floor and the lowest structural or mechanical part, equipment or device installed
beneath the car platform except guide shoes or rollers, safety-jaw assemblies and platform aprona guards, or other
equipment located within 305mm horizontally from the sides of the car platform.

Trenches and depressions or foundations encroachments permitted by the exceptions in Section 6.3.6.2 shall not be
considered in determining this clearance. When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, no part of the car or any
equipment attached thereto shall strike any part of the equipment located therein.

6.3.7.2 Bottom Runby for Counterweighted Elevators. The bottom runby of cars and counterweights shall be not less
than the following

(a) Where oil buffers are used, 152mm. Exceptions:

(1) Where practical difficulties prevent a sufficient pit depth or where a top clearance cannot be provided to
obtain the runby specified, it may be reduced.

(2) Where spring-return type oil buffers are used, the runby may be eliminated by amounts not be eliminated
so that the buffers are compressed by amounts not exceeding 610mm when the car floor is level with the terminal
landings.

(b) Where spring buffers are used:

(1) Where generator-field control is used, 152mm.

6.3.7.3 Bottom Runby for Uncounterweighted Elevators. The bottom runby of uncounterweighted elevators shall be
not less than the following:

(a) 76mm where the rated speed does not exceed 0.13m/s

(b) 152mm where the rated speed exceeds 0.13m/s

6.3.7.4 Top Counterweight Clearances. The top counterweight clearances shall be not less than the sum of the
following items:

(a) The bottom car runby.

(b) The stroke of the car buffer used.

(c) 152mm

(d) Where an oil buffer is used for the car and no provision is made to prevent the jump of the counterweight
at car buffer engagement add:

(1) one-half the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of the rated speed.
 (e) Where car spring buffers are used, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on governor tripping
speed.

6.3.7.5 Overhead Clearances Where Overhead Beams Are Not Over Car Crosshead.

Where overhead beams or other overhead hoistway construction, except sheaves, are located vertically over the car,
but not over the crosshead, the following requirements shall be met:

(a) Such beams or construction shall be located not less than 610mm horizontally from the crosshead.

6.3.6 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances

6.3.8.1 Between Car and Hoistway Enclosures.

The clearance between the car and the hoistway enclosures shall be not less than 19mm except on the sides used for
loading and unloading.

6.3.8.2 Between Car and Counterweight and Counterweight Screen.

The clearance between the car and the counterweight shall be not less than 25mm. The clearance between
counterweight and the counterweight screen and between the counterweight and the hoistway enclosureshall be not
less than 19mm.

6.3.8.3 Between Cars in Multiple Hoistway

The running clearance between the cars and any equipment attached thereto, of elevators operating in a multiple
hoistway, shall be not less than 51mm.

6.3.8.4 Between Cars and Landing Sills.

The clearance between the car-platform sill and the hoistway edge of any landing sill, or the hoistway side of any
vertically sliding counterweighted or counterbalanced hoistway door or any vertically sliding counterbalanced biparting
hoistway door, shall be not less than 13mm where side guides are used, and not less than 19mm where the corners
guides are used. The maximum clearance shall be not more than 38mm.

6.3.8.5 Clearances between Loading Side of Car Platforms and Hoistway Enclosures.
The clearance between the edge of the car platform sill and the hoistway enclosure or fascia plate for the full width of
the clear hoistway door opening shall be not more than 127mm.

Exception:
Where vertically sliding hoistway doors are installed, the clearance specified may be increased to 190 mm. For heavy
duty elevators or extra-wide door openings, the clearance may be increased where necessary, subject to the approval of
the enforcing authority.

6.3.8.6 Measurement of Clearances.

The clearances specified in Sec. 6.3.8 shall be measured with no load on the car platform.

6.3.9 Protection of Hoistway-Landing Openings

6.3.9.1 Entrances for Passenger Elevators and Freight Elevators authorized to carry employees.
(a) Horizontal slide, single or multi-section.
(b) Swing, single-section.
 (c) Combination horizontal slide and swing.
(d) Power-operated, vertical slide biparting counterbalanced, or vertical slide counter weighted which slide down
to open, where located at entrances used by passenger (see section 6.4.8.5)
(e) Hand or power-operated vertical slide which slide up to open.

6.3.9.2 for Freight Elevators

Entrances shall be one of the following types:
(a) (a) Horizontal slide, single or multi-section.
(b) Swing, single-section.
(c) Combination horizontal slide and swing.
(d) Center-opening, two-section horizontal swing (subject to restrictions of Section 6.3.9.3)
(e) Vertical slide counterweighted, single or multi-section.

6.3.9.3 Limitations of Use of Double Swing Entrances.

(a) for freight elevators which can be operated only from the car; or
(b) for freight elevators not accessible to the general public which can be operated from outside the hoistway,
and which are located in factories, warehouses, garages and similar industrial buildings.

6.3.9.4 Hoistway Door Vision Panels:

(a) The areas of any single vision panel shall be not less than 0.016 meter squared and the total area of one or
more vision panels in any hoistway door shall be not more than 0.051 meter squared.
(b) Each clear panel opening shall reject a ball 152 mm in diameter.
(c) Mounting used between panel sections shall be of non-combustible material and of substantial construction.
(d) Panel opening shall be glazed with clear wire glass not less than 6.3 mm thick.
(e) The center of the panel shall be located not less than 1370 mm nor more than 1 680 mm above the landing;
except that for vertically sliding biparting counter balanced doors, it shall be located to conform with the
dimensions specified insofar as the door design will permit.
(f) The vision panels in horizontally swinging doors shall be located for convenient vision when operating the
door from the car side.
(g) Wire-glass panels in power-operated doors shall be substantially flush with the surface of the landing side of
the door.

6.3.9.5 Hoistway Door Locking Devices and Hoistway Door Power Operators
(a) Locking Devices. Doors shall be provided with door locking devices, hoistway access switches and parking
devices.

6.3.9.6 Entrances, Horizontal Slide Type

(a) Landing Sills. Landing sills shall:
(1) be metal and of sufficient strength to support the loads to be carried by the sills when loading and
unloading the car, and be secured in place;
(2) be substantially flush with the floor surface of the elevator landings and so designed and maintained as to
provide a secure foothold over the entire width of the door opening.
Exceptions [ Section 6.3.9.6 (a) (2) ]
(1) Where necessary, sill may be beveled or the landing floor may be ramped. The angle with the
horizontal shall be not greater than 76 mm in 305 mm for beveled sills nor greater than 25 mm in 305
mm for ramped landings.
(2) The top surface or beveled sills shall be not more than 38 mm above the adjacent floor surface.
(b) Hanger Tracks and Track Support.
The tracks and their supports and fastenings for power operated doors shall be constructed to withstand
without damage or appreciable deflections, an imposed static load equal to four times the weight of each
panel as applied successively down-ward and upward at the vertical centerline of the panel.
Note: See Sec. 6.3.9.8 (g) and (h)
(c) Entrance Frames
 Frames shall conform to the following:
(1) if used, they shall overlap the wall surface on the hoistway side and provide a uniform surface on the
hoistway side of the wall parallel to the plane of the panels.
(2) They shall be securely anchored to the sills, and to the building structure or to the track supports.
Anchors and fastening to suit the wall construction are required. The head of the entrance frames shall
not be used to support the weight of the wall over the frame.
(3) They shall be made of noncombustible material with a melting point no less than 982 degree Celsius.
Combustible material not more than 1.6 mm thick or low melting point noncombustible material may be
applied for decorative purposes.

6.3.9.7 Hangers. Hangers shall conform to the following:

(a) Means shall be provided to prevent the hangers from jumping track.
(b) Stops shall be provided in the entrance assembly to prevent hangers from over running the end of the track.
(c) For power-operated doors, they shall be constructed to withstand, without damage or appreciable deflection,
and imposed static load equal to four times the weight of each panel as applied successively downward and
upward at the vertical centerline of the panel.
Note: Sec. 6.3.9.7: See Sec. 6.3.9.8 (g) and (h).

6.3.9.8 Panels. Panels shall conform to the following:

(a) The panels shall overlap the top and sided of the opening and each other, in case of multispeed entrances, by
not less than 16 mm.
(b) The clearance between the panel and the frame and between related panels of multispeed entrances shall not
exceed 9.5 mm.
(c) The leading panel edge of side-opening entrances shall not close into pockets in the strike jamb and shall be
smooth and free of sharp projections.
(d) The meeting panel edges of center-opening entrances shall be smooth and free of sharp projections.
The meeting panel edges of center-opening entrances shall be protected with not less than one resilient male
member extending the full height of the panel. The meeting edges may interlock by not more than 9.5 mm.
(e) the panels shall have no area or molding depressed or raised more than 6.3 mm from the exposed surface,
unless they are parallel to the direction of panel motion. Areas depressed or raised more than 3.2 mm from
the adjacent area and not parallel to the direction of panel motion, shall be beveled at not more than 30
degrees to the panel surface.
(f) Combustible materials not more than 1.6 mm thick or low melting point noncombustible materials may be
applied to the panel surface for decorative purposes.
(g) The entrance assembly shall be capable of withstanding, a force of 114 kg applied on the landing side at right
angles to and approximately at the center of a panel. This force shall be distributed over an area of
approximately 102 mm by 102 mm. There shall be no appreciable permanent displacement of deformation of
any parts of the entrance assembly resulting from this test.
(h) If any combustible material or low melting point material, is used in the entrance assembly, should be
consumed or should melt, the allowable movement towards the hoistway of the panels from their normal
operating position shall not exceed 16 mm at the top or at the bottom.

6.3.9.9 Entrances, Vertical Slide Type

(a) Landing Sills. Landing Sills shall:
(1) Be of metal and of sufficient strength to support the loads to be carried by the sills when loading and
unloading car can be secured in place.
(2) Be firmly anchored to the building structure in substantially the same plane as the elevator landing floor.
(b) Entrance Frames. The uprights and lintels used to frame the opening shall be securely fastened to the building
structure at the top and bottom and to the wall.
(c) Rails. The panel guide rails shall be securely fastened to the building structure and the entrance frame, at
intervals, throughout their entire length.
 Rails and their supports shall withstand the forces specified in Section 6.3.9.1 (d) (6). Where truckable sills are
provided as specified in Section 6.3.9.1 (d) (2), the rails shall withstand any reactions which may be
transmitted to the rails as a result of loading and unloading operations.
(d) Panels. Panels shall conform to the following:
(1) The panels shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
Exception: A structural core made of combustible material may be used if covered with not less than
0.455 mm sheet metal.
(2) The lower panel of vertical biparting entrances and the top of the panel of vertical slide entrances which
slide down to open, shall be provided with a truckable still design for the loads specified in Section 6.3.9.9
(a) (1). Provisions shall be made to transmit the panel still to the building structure.
(3) Panels of biparting counterbalanced entrances shall conform to the following:
(a) They shall be provided with means to stop the closing panels when the distance between the closing
rigid members of the panel is not less than 19 mm.
(b) A tire-resistive, non-shearing and non-crushing member of either the meeting or overlapping type
shall be provided on the upper panel to close the distance between the rigid door sections when in
contact with the stops.
(c) Rigid members which overlap the melting edge and center latching deviced are prohibited.
(4) The panels with their attachments shall oberlap the entrance frame and still by not less than 51 mm in the
closed position.
(5) The clearance between a panel and the frame lintel, between related panels of multispeed entrances,
shall not exceed 25 mm.
(6) The entrance assembly shall be capable of withstanding a force of 113 kg applied on the landing side at
right angles to, and approximately at the center of the panel. This force shall be distributed over an area
of approximately 102 mm by 102 mm. There shall be no appreciable permanent displacement of
deformation of any parts of the entrance assembly resulting from this test.
(7) Means shall be provided to close the opening between the upper panel of pass-type entrances and the
entrance frame lintel. The sum of the clearance between the panel, the device use to close the opening,
and the entrance lintel shall not exceed 25 mm. The device use shall be made of a material having a
melting point of not less than 982 degree Celsius.

6.3.10 Access to Hoistway for Inspection, Maintenance or Repairs.

Access means conforming to the requirements of Section 6.3.10.1 shall be provided at one upper landing to permit
access to top of car, and at the lowest landing if this landing is the normal point of access to the pit.

6.3.10.1 Hoistway Door Unlocking Device.

Elevators having hoistway doors which are unlocked when closed with car at landing, shall be provided with hoistway
door unlocking devices or devices conforming to the requirements of Section 6.3.10.2.

6.3.10.2 Location and Design of Holstway Door Unlocking Devices.

Holstway door unlocking devices shall conform to the following:
(a) The device shall unlock and permit the opening of the holstway door from the access landing irrespective of
the position of the car.
(b) The device shall be installed only at the access landings.
Exception: For emergency use see Sec. 6.3.10.3.
(c) The device shall be designed to prevent unlocking the door with common tools.
(d) The operating means for unlocking the door shall be available to and used only by inspectors, maintenance
men and repair men.
(e) The unlocking-device keyway shall be located at a height not greater than 2 110 mm above floor.

6.3.10.3 Access to the Hoistway for Emergency Purposes.

Hoistway door unlocking devices conforming to Section 6.3.10.2 (a) and (c) may be provided for all hoistway doors
subject to the following:
 (a) The elevator shall have hoistway doors which are unlocked when closed with car at the floor or locked but can
be open from the landing by means effective only when car is in the landing zone.
(b) The operating means for unlocking the doors shall be kept on the premises by the person responsible for the
maintenance and operation of the elevators in a location readily accessible to qualified persons in case of an
emergency but where they are not accessible to the general public.
Exception: Sec. 6.3.10.3 (b): Emergency hoistway doors which shall be provided with unlocking devices
conforming the requirements of the Section 6.3.9.

Article 6.4 Machinery and Equipment for Electric Elevators

Car and Counterweight Guide Rails, Guide Rail Supports and Fastenings.

6.4.1.1 Guide Rails Required.

Passenger and freight elevators shall be provided with car and counterweight guide rails.

6.4.1.2 Material
Guide rails, guide-rail brackets, rail clip, fish plates, and their fastenings shall be of steel or other metals conforming to
the requirements of this section.
Exception: Where steel may present an accident hazard, as in chemical or explosive plants, guide rails may be of
selected wood or other suitable nonmetallic materials provided the rated speed of the car does not exceed 0.76 meter
per second.

(a) Requirements for Steel, Where Used.

(1) Rails, brackets, fish plates, and rail clips shall be made of open-hearth steel or its equivalent having a
tensile strength of not less than 379 Mpa and having an elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 51
mm.
(2) Bolts shall conform to ANSI/ASTM A307, or equivalent.
(3) Rivets shall conform to ANSI/ASTM 1502, or equivalent.

(b) Requirements for Metals other than Steel.

Metals other than steel may be used provided the factor of safety is not less than, and the deflections are not
more than, the values specified in this section, and provided that the cast iron is not used.

6.4.1.3 Rail Section.

Guide rails shall be T-section conforming to the nominal weights and dimensions shown in Fig.6.4.1.3 and Table 6.4.1.3.
Exception: Other approves shapes may be used subject to the following requirements:
(a) They shall have a section modulus and moment of inertia equal to or greater than that of the section shown in
Fig. 6.4.1.3 for a given loading condition.
(b) They shall have a sectional area sufficient to withstand the compressive forces resulting from the supplication
of the car or counterweight safety device.

6.4.1.4 Maximum Load on Rails in Relation to the Bracket Spacing

(a) With Single Car or Counterweight Safety
Where a single car or counterweight safety is used, the maximum suspended weight of the counterweight,
including the weight of any compensating ropes or chains and of any traveling cables suspended there form,
per pair of guide rails, shall not exceed the maximum specified Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (1) for the size of the rails and
the bracket spacing used.

Exeptions: The bracket spacing may exceed the values specified in Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (1) for a given weight of car
plus its rated load or for a counterweight with safety, per pair of guide rails, provided:
(1) the guide rail is reinforced; or
 (2) rail of larger size is used;
(3) in Sec.6.4.1.4, exceptions (1) and (2) above, the moment of inertia of a single renforced rail or of a single
larger size T-section about the axis (x-x) parallel to the base of the rail shall not be less than that required
by Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (2) for the given weight of car plus load, or the counterweight with safety device, at the
bracket spacing used.

6.4.1.7 Bracket Fastenings.

Guide-rail brackets shall be secured to their supporting structure by means of bolt holes in brackets and their
supporting beams shall conform to the requirements of Sections 6.4.1.8 to 6.4.1.10

Table 6.4.1.9 Minimum Size of Rail Fastening Bolts

Nominal Weight of Guide Rail, lb/ft Min. Diameter of Bolts, in

11 5/8

12 5/8

15 5/8

16 1/2 5/8

22

30

Note:
Kg/m = lb/ft x 1.49
Mm = inch x 25.4

6.4.1.6 Type of Fastening

Guide rail shall be secured to their brackets by clips, welds or bolts.
Bolts used for fastening shall be such strength as to withstand the forces specified in Section 6.4.1.5

6.4.1.9 Sized of Bolts for Fastenings.

The size of bolts used for fastening the guide rails or rail clips to the brackets shall be not less than specified in Table
6.4.1.9.

6.4.1.10 Bolt Holes for Fastening

The diameter of holes or the width of slots for fastening boilts shall not exceed the diameter of the bolt by more than
1.6 mm.

6.4.2 Car and Counterweight Buffers

6.4.2.1 Spring, Oil or Equivalent Buffers.

Buffers of the spring , oil or equivalent type shall be installed under cars and counterweights of passenger and freight
elevators.

Spring Buffers or their equivalent may be used where the rated speed is not in excess of 1.02 m/s.
Exception: Where type C safeties are used (see Sec. 6.4.6.7 (a), car buffers are not required provided solid bumpers are
installed.

6.4.2.2 Location.
Buffers or bumpers shall be located so as to retard the car and counterweight without exceeding allowable design
stresses in the car frame and counterweight frame.

6.4.2.3 Construction and Requirements for solid Bumpers.

Solid bumpers used with Type C safeties shall be made of wood or other suitably resilient material of sufficient strength
to withstand without failure and impact of the car with rated load, or the counterweight, descending at governor
tripping speed.

The material used shall be of a type which resist deterioration or be so treated as to resist deterioration.

6.4.2.4 Construction and Requirements for Spring Buffers

(a) Stroke. The stroke of the buffer spring, as marked on its marking plate, shall be equal to or greater than as
specified in Table 6.4.2.4 (a)
(b) Marking Plate. Each spring buffer shall have permanently attached to a metal plate marked in a legible and
permanent manner to show its stroke and load rating.

Construction and requirements for spring buffers.

(a) Stroke the stroke of the buffer spring, as marked on its marking plate, shall be equal to or greater than as specified
in Table 6.4.2.4 (a).

(b) Marking Plate each spring buffer shall have permanently attached to it a metal plate marked in a legible and
permanent manner to show its stroke and load rating.

Table 6.4.2.4 (a)

Minimum Spring Buffer Stroke

Rated Car Speed, fpm Minimum Stroke, in

100 or less 1

101 to 150 2

151 to 200 4

Note:
m/s = fpm x 0.00508
mm = inch x 25.4
 Table 6.4.2.5

Minimum Oil Buffer Strokes

Rate Speed, fpm 155 % of Rated Speed, fpm Minimum Stroke, in*

200 230 2

225 259 3

250 288 4

300 345 6

350 402 8

400 460 11

450 517 13

500 575 17

600 690 24

700 805 33

800 920 43

900 1035 55

1000 1150 68 1/2

Note:
m/s = fpm x 0.00508
mm = inch x 25.4
Construction and Requirements for Oil Buffers

(a) Retardation Oil buffer shall develop an average retardation not in excess of 9.81 m/s2 and shall develop
no peak retardation greater than 24.54 m/s2 having duration exceeding 1/25 sec with any load in the car from
rated load to a minimum load of 68 kg when the buffers are struck with an initial speed.
(b) Factor of safety for Oil-buffer Parts. The factor of safety of parts of oil buffers based on the yield point for
compression members and on ultimate strength and elongation with the maximum load for which the buffer
is designed, shall be not less than the following:
1. 3 for materials having an elongation of 20% or more in a length of 51 mm.
2. 3 - for materials having an elongation of from 15 to 20% of 51 mm.
3. 4 for materials having an elongation of from 10 to 15% in a length of 51 mm.
4. 5 for materials having an elongation of less than 10% in a length of 51 mm except that the cast
iron shall have a factor of safety of 10.

(c) Means for Determining Oil Level Oil buffers shall be approved by the enforcing authority subject to the
following.
 1. The buffer shall be approved on a basis of engineering tests; made by a qualified testing laboratory
or by the manufacturer and witnesses by a representative of such a qualified testing laboratory. Tests shall be
made on a buffer of each type or design to be approved and having the following oil porting.

(a) The porting having the range of the maximum loads for which the buffer is designed.

(b) The porting having the range of the minimum loads for which the buffer is designed.

Car Frames with Crosshead Sheaves

Where a hoisting-rope sheave is mounted on the car frame, the construction shall conform to the following:

Where multiple mounted on separate sheave shafts are used, provision shall be made to take the
compressive forces, developed by tension in the hoisting ropes between the sheaves, on a strut or struts
between the sheave-shaft supports, or by providing additional compressive strength in the car frame or
car frame members supporting the sheave shafts.
Where the sheave extends through the web of the car-frame member, the reduction in area of the
member shall not reduce the strength of the member below that required. Where necessary, reinforcing
plates shall be welded or riveted to the members to provide the required strength.
Where the sheave is attached to the car crosshead by means of a single threaded rod or specially
designed member or members in tension, the following requirements shall be conformed to:
a. The single rod, member or members shall have a factor of safety 50% higher than the factor of
safety required for the suspension wire ropes. But in no case, shall have a factor of safety of less
than 15.
b. The means for fastening the single threaded rod, member or members to the car frame shall
conform to section 6.4.4.10.

Suspension-Rope Hitch Plates or Shapes

Where car is suspended by hoisting ropes attached to the car frame by means of rope shackles, the shackles shall be
attached to steel hitched plates or to structural or formed steel shapes. Such plates or shapes shall be secured to the
underside or to webs of the car frame member with bolts, rivets or welds so located will not develop direct tension in
the bolts or rivets.

Platform Side Braces

Where side bracing and similar members are attached to car frame uprights the reduction in area of the upright shall
not reduce the strength of the upright below that required by this section.

Hinged Platform Sills

Hinged platform sills shall conform to the following requirements:

The elevator shall be provided with electric contacts which will prevent operation of the elevator by the
normal operating unless the hinged sill is within 51 mm of tis fully retracted position, provided that when in
this position, the sill shall not reduce the clearance specified in section 6.3.8.4.
The elevator may be operated by the leveling device in the leveling zone with the sill in any position.
The strength of the sills shall conform to the requirements of section 6.3.9.6. (a).
Enclosure Required

Elevators shall be equipped with a car enclosure.

Securing of Enclosures

The enclosure shall be securely fastened to the car platform and so supported that it cannot loosen or become
displaced in ordinary service or on application of the car safety or on buffer engagement.

The car enclosure shall be so constructed that removable portions cannot be dismantled from within the car.

Deflection of Enclosure Walls

The enclosure walls shall be of such strength and so designed and supported that when subjected to a force of 35 kg
applied horizontally at any point on the walls of enclosure, the deflection will not reduce the running clearance below
the minimum specified in Sec. 6.3.8, or not to exceed 25 mm.

a) The elevator shall be used exclusively for passengers or exclusively for freight at any one time.
b) Each compartment shall conform to the requirements of this section that a trap door in the floor of
the upper compartment shall provide access to the top emergency exit for the lower compartment.

Top Emergency Exits

An emergency exit with a cover shall be provided in the top of all elevator cars and shall conform to the following
requirements:

a) The exit opening shall have an area of not less than 0.258 m2, and shall measure not less than 406 mm on
any side.
b) The exit shall be so located as to provide a clear passageway unobstructed by fixed elevator equipment
located in or top of the car.
c) The exit cover shall open outward and shall be hinged or otherwise attached to the car top and so
arranged that the cover can be opened from the top of the car only.
d) The emergency exit cover, when opened, shall automatically actuate a switch to turn-off the power so
that the elevator shall be non-operable even with the restoration of power.

Car-Enclosure Tops

Tops of car enclosures shall be so designed and installed as to be capable of sustaining a load of 136 kg on any square
area 610 mm on a side and 45 kg applied at any point. Simultaneous application of these loads is not required.

Equipment Prohibited on Top of Cars

A working platform or equipment which is not required for the operation of the elevator or its appliances, except
where specifically provided herein, shall not be located above the top of an elevator car.

Glass in Elevator Cars

Glass may be used in elevator cars. Glass exceeding 0.093 m2 in area shall:

a) Be laminated;
b) Meet the requirements for laminated glass of ANSI Z97.1 except as to transparency;
 c) Be installed and guarded so as to provide adequate protection for passengers in case the glass panels break or
are dislodge;
d) Be so mounted in the structure that the structure including the glass in place shall withstand the required
elevator tests without damage.

Equipment Prohibited Inside Cars

Apparatus or equipment other than that used in connection with the operation of the elevator, shall be installed inside
any elevator are:

Exceptions:

a) Railroad and conveyor tracks in freight elevators.

b) Lighting, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment.

Illumination of Cars and Lighting Fixtures

a) Illumination and Outlets Required Cars shall be provided with an electric light or lights conforming to the
following:
a. Not less than two lamps shall be provided.
b. The minimum Illumination at the car threshold, with the door closed, shall not be less than:
i. For passenger elevators: 54 lux
ii. For freight elevators: 27 lux
c. Passenger elevators shall be provided with an emergency lighting power source on each elevator
conforming to the following:
i. The emergency system shall provide some general illumination in the car. The intensity of
illumination 1, 220 mm above the car floor and approximately 305 in front of the car
operating device shall be not less than 22 lux. Lights shall be automatically turned on in all
elevators in service immediately after normal car lighting power fails. The power system
shall be capable of maintaining the above light intensity for a period of at least 4 hours.
ii. Not less than two lamps of approximately equal wattage shall be used.
d. Each elevator shall be provided with an electric light and convenience outlet fixture on the car top.
b) Passenger-Car Lighting Devices Glass used for lighting fixtures shall conform to the requirements of section
6.4.5.7.

Suspended glass used in lighting fixtures shall be supported by a metal frame secured at not less than three
points. Fastening devices shall not be removable for the fixture. Glass shall not be drilled for attachment. Light
through supporting wiring equipment, where used, shall be of metal except where lined with non-combustible
materials.

Lighting arrangements using slow-burning combustible materials for diffusing and illumination purposes shall
be permitted providing such combustible materials do not come in contact with lighting equipment.

c) Protection of Light Bulbs and Tubes - Light bulbs and tubes shall be :
a. Installed and guarded so as to provide adequate protection in case the bulb or tube in the structure,
shall withstand the required elevator tests without damage.
b. Mounted in the structure, that the structure including the bulb or the tube in the structure, shall
withstand the required elevator tests without damage.
Car and Counterweight Safeties (6.4.6):

The car of every elevator suspended by wire ropes shall be provided with one or more car safety devices of one of
the types identified in Sec. 6.4.6.4. The safeties shall be attached to the car frame, and one safety shall be located
within or below the lower members of the car frame (safety plank).

Duplex Safeties Where duplex safeties are provided, the lower safety device shall be capable of developing not
less than one-half of the force required to stop the entire car with rated load. Duplex safety devices shall be
arranged so as to function approximately simultaneously. Type A or Type C safety devices shall not be used in
multiple (duplex).

Counterweight Safeties these shall conform to the requirements for car safeties.

Identification and Classification of Types of Safeties

Care safety devices (safeties) are identified ad classified on the basis of performance characteristics after the
safety begins to apply pressure on the guide rails. On this basis, there are three types of safeties:

a) Type A Safeties safeties which develop a rapidly increasing pressure on the guide rails during the
stopping interval, the stopping distance being very short due to the inherent design of the safety. The
operating force is derived entirely from the mass and the motion of the car or the counterweight being
stopped. These safeties apply pressure on the guide rails through eccentrics, rollers or similar devise,
without any flexible medium purposely introduced to limit the retarding force and increase the stopping
distance.
b) Type B Safeties Safeties which apply limited pressure on the guide rails during the stopping interval, and
which provide stopping distances that are related to the mass being stopped and the speed at which the
application of the safety is initiated. Retarding forces are reasonably uniform after the safety is fully
applied. Continuous tension in the governor rope may or may not be required to operate the safety
during the entire stopping interval.
c) Type C Safeties (Type A with Oil Buffers) Safeties which develop retarding forces during the compression
stroke of one or more oil buffers interposed between the lower members of the car frame and a
governor0operated type A auxiliary safety plank applied on the guide rails. The stopping distance is equal
to the effective stroke of the buffers.

Safeties to Stop Ascending Cars or Counterweight Prohibited Safeties shall not stop an ascending car or
counterweight.

(a) Car safeties, and counterweight safeties where provided, shall be actuated by separate speed governors.

Exception: Speed governor are not required for the operation of counterweight safeties of elevators having a rated
speed of not more than 0.75 m/s.

(b) Every car safety shall be provided with switch operated by the car safety mechanism. This switch shall conform
to the requirements of Section 6.4.7.5.

6.4.6.7 Type A (instantaneous) safeties. Type A safeties may be used on elevators having a rated speed of not more
than 0.76 m/s. When over-speeding occurs, with the hoisting rope intact, such safeties shall be actuated by the
governor.
 On the parting of the hoisting ropes (free fall). type A governor operated safeties shall apply without appreciable
delay, and their application shall be independent of the speed action of the governor and of the location of the
break in the hoisting ropes (inertia application), and may be accomplished by the use of a governor and governor
rigging having a sufficiently high value of inertia to apply the safety on the free fall independently of the speed
action of the governor.

(a) Type C (Combination Instantaneous and Oil Buffer Safety). Type C safeties may be used subject to the
following requirements:

(1) The rated speed shall be no more than 2.54 m/s.

(2) The oil buffers shall conform to all requirements specified in Section 6.4.2 for oil buffers, except that the
stroke shall be based on governor tripping speed and on an average retardation not exceeding 9.81 m/ 2 ,

(3) After the buffer stroke, as defined in Sec. 6.4.6.7(2) has been completed, provision shall be made for an
additional travel to the plunger or piston of not less than 10% of the buffer to prevent excessive impact on the
buffer parts and the auxiliary safety plank.

(4) Where the distance between guide rails exceeds 2 440 mm, the safety shall be provided with two oil
buffers of substantially identical calibration, and the buffers shall be located as to develop minimum stresses
auxiliary safety plank during safety operation.

Buffers shall be located in line with and symmetrically between the guide rails.

(5) The auxiliary safety plank shall be so supported and guided below the car frame that the clearances for the
safety parts are maintained during normal operation.

The auxiliary safety plank shall be so designed that the maximum stresses in the plank shall no exceed those
specified for similar car-frame-members in Section 6.4.4.

(6) The rail-gripping device of the auxiliary safety plank shall be so arranged and connected as to prevent the
plank from being out of level more than 13 mm in the length of the plank when the safety is operated to stop the
car.

(7) An electric switch shall be provided and so arranged and connected that the elevator cannot be operated
by means of the normal operating device if any buffer is compressed more than 10% of its stroke.

(8) Means shall be provided to prevent operation of the elevator by means of the normal operating device if
the oil level in any buffer is below the minimum allowable level.

6.4.6.8 Compensating Rope Tie-Down. For rated speeds greater than 3.56 m/s, a device shall be provided to tie the car
and counterweight together to limit the jump of the car counterweight as a result of buffer engagement or application
of car or counterweight safety.

6.4.7 Speed Governors

6.4.7.1 Car Speed Governors

(a) Car safeties, and counterweight safeties where furnished shall be actuated by separate governors.
 Exception: Speed governors are not required for the operation of safeties of counterweight of elevators having
rated speed of not more than 0.76 m/s (see Sec.6.4.6.3 and 6.4.6.6.

(b) The governor shall be located where it cannot be struck by the car or the counter weight in case of over
travel, and where there is adequate space for full movement of governor parts.

6.4.7.2 Car Speed Governors. Speed governors for car safeties shall be set to trip at car speeds as follows:

(a) At not less than 115% of the rated speed.

(b) Maximum tripping speeds for intermediate rated speed shall be determined from Fig 6.4.7.2. For
rated speeds exceeding 7.62 m/s, the maximum tripping speeds shall not exceed 120% of the rated speed.

6.4.7.3 Counterweight Speed Governors. Speed governors, where provided for counterweight safeties, shall be set to
trip at an over-speed greater than that at which the car speed governor is set to trip, but not more than 10% higher.

6.4.7.4 Sealing and Painting of Speed Governors. Speed governors shall have their means of speed adjustment sealed
after test. If speed governors are painted after sealing, all bearing and rubbing surfaces shall be kept free or freed of
paint and a hand test made to determine that all parts operate freely as intended. Seals shall be of a type which will
prevent readjustment of the governor tripping speed without breaking the seal.

6.4.7.5 Speed Governor Over-speed and Car-Safety-Mechanism Switches

(a) Where Required. A switch shall be provided on the speed governor and operated by the over-speed action
of the governor when used with type B and C car safeties of elevators having a rated speed exceeding 0.76 m/s. A
switch shall be provided on the speed governor when used with a counterweight safety for any car speed.

For static control, an over-speed switch shall be provided regardless of rated speed and shall operate in both
directions of travel.

Every car safety shall be provided with a switch operated by the car safety mechanism when the safety is
applied.

These switches when operated shall remove power from the driving-machine motor and brake before or at
the time of application of the safety.

6.4.7.6 Governor Ropes

(a) Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze, or
stainless steel. They shall be of regular-lay construction, and not less than 9.5 mm in dia. Tiller-rope construction
shall not be used. The factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than 5.

(b) Replacement of Existing Governor Ropes. Replacement of Governor ropes shall be of the same size,
material and construction as the rope originally furnished by the elevator manufacturer, except that a rope of the
same size but of either different material or construction may be employed and a test is made of the car or
counterweight safety and speed governor with a new rope to demonstrate that the safety will function.

(c) Splicing Governor Ropes. Governor ropes shall not be lengthened or repaired by splicing.

(d) Governor Rope Tag. A metal data tag shall be securely attached to the governor rope fastening. This data
tag shall bear the following wire rope data:
 (1) The diameter in mm.

(2) The manufacturers rated breaking strength.

(3) The grade of material used.

(4) The month and year the rope was installed.

(5) Whether non-performed or preformed.

(6) Construction Classification.

(7) Name of the person or firm who installed the rope.

(8) Name of the manufacturer of the rope.

A new tag shall be installed at each rope renewal.

6.4.7.7 Speed- Governor Marking Plate. A metal plate shall be securely attached to each speed governor and shall be
marked in a legible and permanent manner with letters and figures not less than 6.3 mm in height indicating the ff:

(a) The speed in metre per minute at which the governor is set and sealed to trip the governor- ripe-
grip jaws.
(b) The size, material and construction of the governor rope on which the governor jaws were
designed to operate.

6.4.8 Capacity and Loading

Exception:

Hospital Bed Elevators: Wherein the ratio between net area and net load shall be not more than 0.004
square meters per kilogram.

6.4.8.1Minimum Rated Load for Passenger Elevators

(a) All concrete or steel building with more than three stories shall be advised to install passenger elevators.

(b) Fir determining number of elevators the following shall be used as basis:

(1) There shall be one elevator per 220 persons occupying building other than first floor.

(2) By floor area, 9.3 m2 of floor area is average density of occupany per person.

(3) Floor area divided by 9.3 equal number of persons.

(4) Number of person divided by 220 is number of elevators.

(c) For determining capacities of elevators the following shall be used as basis for elevator or elevators capacities.
This is on basis of carrying within 5 minutes the following percentage of building occupants as follows:

(1) For apartments 8-10%

(2) For offices 10-13%

(3) For dept. stores 13-15%

 (d) The following formulas shall be used for determining the maximum rated load of passenger elevators:

(1) For an elevator having an inside net platform area of not more than 4.65 m2
= 35.13 ()2 + 326.224 ()

where

W= max. rated load kgs.

A = area, 2
(2) For an elevator having an inside net platform area of more than 4.65 2
= 2.4582 + 611.36
Table 6.4.8.1
Maximum Inside Net Platform Areas for the Various Rated Loads

Rated Load, lb Inside Net Platform Area, Rated Load, lb Inside Net Platform Area,
ft^2 ft^2

500 7.0 5000 50.0

600 8.3 6000 57.7

700 9.6 7000 65.3

1000 13.25 8000 72.9

1200 15.6 9000 80.5

1500 18.9 10 000 88.0

1800 22.1 12 000 103.0

2000 24.2 15 000 125.1

2500 29.1 18 000 146.9

3000 33.7 20 000 161.2

3500 38.0 25000 196.5

4000 42.2 30 000 231.0

4500 46.6

* To allow for variations in cab designs, an increase in the maximum inside net platform are no exceeding 5%, shall
be permitted for the various rated loads.

Note:

kg = lb x 0.454

2 = 2 0.0929
6.4.8.2 Use of partitions for Reducing inside Net Platform Area. Where partitions are installed in elevator cars for the
purpose of restricting the platform net area for passenger use, they shall be permanently bolted, riveted or welded in
place. Gates, doors or handrails shall not be used for this purpose. Partitions shall be so installed as to provide for
approximately symmetrical loading.

6.4.8.3 Carrying of Freight on Passenger Elevators. When freight is to be carried on passenger elevator, the following
requirements shall be conformed to:

(a) The minimum rated load shall be conform to the requirements of section 6.4.8.1 or 6.4.8.4 which
ever is greater;
(b) The elevator shall be designed for applicable class of freight elevator loading.

6.4.8.4 Minimum Load Permitted. The minimum rated load of freight elevators in kilograms shall be based on the
weight and class of the load to be handled.

6.4.8.5 Carrying of Passengers on Freight Elevators. Freight Elevators shall not be permitted to carry
passengers.

Exceptions:

(a) Elevators not permitted to carry employees may, in case of fire, panic, or similar emergencies, carry
passengers not greater in number than the rated load divided by 150.

(b) Elevators, not accessible to the general public, may carry employees, provided special permission
to do so is granted by the enforcing authority, subject to the following conditions:
(1) The rated load of the elevator shall be not less than that required for a passenger of
equivalent inside net platform area as required by Section 6.4.8.1.
( 2) Hoistway entrances and car doors or gates shall conform to the requirement of the ff
rule:
(a) Hoistway entrances: Section 6.3.9.
Such elevators may carry any class of passengers in case of fire, panic, or similar
emergencies.

6.4.8.6 Signs Required. Signs, shall be provided inside the car and shall be located in a conspicuous position and
permanently and securely fastened to the car enclosure subject to the following requirements:

(a) In every freight elevator, the sign shall specify the type of loading for which the elevator is
designed and installed, with one of the following markings:
(1) THIS ELEVATOR DESIGNED FOR GENERAL FREIGHT LOADING
(2) THIS ELEVATOR DESIGNED FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE LOADING
(3) THIS ELEVATOR DESINGED FOR LOADED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK WEIGHT ______KG. MAXIMUM.
(b) In elevators not permitted to carry passengers, the sign shall read: THIS IS NOT A PASSENGER
ELEVATOR, NO PERSON OTHER THAN THE OPERATOR AND FREIGHT HANDLERS ARE PERMITTED TO RIDE ON
THIS ELEVATOR
(c) In elevators permitted to carry employees subject to the requirements of Section 6.4.8.5 the sign
shall read: NO PASSENGERS EXCEPT EMPLOYEES PERMITTED.

6.4.8.7 Carrying of One-Piece Loads Exceeding the Rated Load. Passenger and freight elevator may be used, where
necessary, to carry one-piece loads greater than their rated load provided they are designed, installed and operated to
conform to the following, requirements:
 (a) A locking device shall be provided which will hold the car at any landing independently of the
hoisting ropes while the car is being loaded or unloaded.
(b) The locking device shall be so designed that it cannot be unlocked unless and until the entire
weight of the car and load is suspended on the ropes.
(c) A removable wrench or other device shall be provided to operate the locking device.
(d) The locking device shall be so designed that the locking bars will be automatically withdrawn
should they come in contact with the landing locks when the car is operated in the up direction.
(e) A special capacity plate shall be provided inside the elevator car and located in a conspicuous
place which shall bear the words, CAPACITY LIFTING ONE-PIECE LOADS, in letters followed by figures giving
the special capacity in kgs for lifting one-piece loads for which the machine is designed
(f) The car frame, car platform, sheaves, shafts, ropes and locking device shall be designed for the
specified Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads, provided that:
(1) in the design of the car frame, platform, sheaves, shafts, and ropes, the allowable
stresses may be 20% higher than those permitted for normal loading;
(2) the factor of safety for the locking device shall not be less than 5.
(g) The car safeties shall be designed to stop and hold the specified Capacity Lifting One-Piece Load,
with the ropes intact.
(h) Where there is an occupied space, or an unoccupied space not secured against unauthorized
access under the hoistway, the following requirements shall be conformed to:
(1) The machine shall be designed to operate with the Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads at
slow speed; the car safety shall be designed to stop and hold the car with this load independently of the
hoisting ropes;
(2) the counterweight safety, shall be designed to stop and hold the entire weight of the
counterweight independently of the ropes.
(i) For traction machine, where necessary to secure adequate traction, additional counterweight shall
be added during the period of use with one-piece loads so that the total over-balance is at least equal to 45%
of the Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads.
(j) A special operating device of the car switch or continuous-pressure type shall be provided in the
machine room, located near the driving machine, to operate the elevator. When this device is operative all
other operating devices shall be inoperative. (see Sec. 6.4.11.1).
(k) The Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads of any passenger traction elevator shall not exceed 1 1/3
time the rated load of the elevator.

6.4.8.8 Additional Requirements for Passenger Overload. Passenger elevators and freight elevators permitted by
Section 6.4.8.5 to carry employees shall be designed and installed to safely lower, stop and hold the car with an
addition load up to 25% in excess of the rated load.

6.4.9 Driving Machine and Sheaves

6.4.9.1 Type of Driving Machines

(a) All driving machines shall be of the traction type.

Exceptions:
(1) Winding-drum machines may be used for freight elevators subject to the ff:
(a) They shall not be provided with counterweights.
(b) The rated speed of elevator shall not exceed 0.25 m/s.
(c) The travel of the elevator car shall not exceed 12.2 m
(2) Screw machines conforming to the requirements of Section 6.4.9.5.
(b) The installation of belt-drive and chain-drive machine is prohibited.
6.4.9.2 Material and Grooving for Sheaves and Drums. Sheaves and drums used with suspension and compensating
ropes shall:

(a) be of metal and provided with finished grooved for ropes. The grooves of sheaves not used to transmit
power may be lined with non-metallic material. The grooves of sheaves used to transmit power may be lined with
non-metallic material provided that in the event the lining should fail, there will be sufficient traction still available
in the groove to safely stop and hold the car with 125% of the rated load.

(b) have a pitch diameter of not less than:

(1) 40 times the diameter of the rope, where used with suspension ropes;
(2) 32 times the diameter of the rope, where used with compensating ropes.

6.4.9.3 Factor of Safety for Driving Machines and Sheaves. The factor of safety, based on the ultimate strength of the
material, to be used in the design of driving machines and in the design of sheaves used with suspension and
compensating ropes shall be not less than:

(a) 8 for steel, bronze, or for other metals having an elongation of at least 14% in a length of 51 mm.

(b) 10 for cast iron, or for other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in a length of 51mm.

The load to be used in determining the factor of safety shall be the resultant of the maximum tensions in the
ropes leading from the sheaves or drum with elevator at rest and with rated load in the car.

6.4.9.4 Driving-Machine Brakes. The elevator driving machine shall be equipped with a friction brake applied by a
springs, or by gravity, and released electrically. The brake shall be designed to have a capacity sufficient to hold the car
at rest with its rated load [see also Section 6.4.8.8.)]

6.4.9.5 Screw Machines. Screw machines shall be of the uncounterweighted type and shall conform to the
requirements of the section and to the following.

(a) The rated speed shall not exceed 0.25 m/s.

(b) A car safety device conforming to the requirements of Section 6.4.6 shall be provided unless other means
are provided to limit the down speed of the car with rated load to not over 0.89m/s if there is a failure of the
driving means.

REFFERENCE:

PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL CODE

Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators and Moving Walks

-------------

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in
NME 417 1ME: Safety Engineering

-------------

Presented to the
College of Engineering
University of the East - Caloocan

-------------

Francisco, Matthew
18. September. 2017
Article 6.1 Scope

6.1.1 This chapter provides definition of terms commonly used in the subject of elevators, dumbwaiters, and
escalators. It includes safety regulations in the design, arrangement, installation and operation of the aforementioned
equipment. Somewhere in the chapter are shown the techniques, methods, and manner of determining the number of
elevators required as well as the maximum rated load in terms of passenger and also the capacity and loading of
dumbwaiters.

Article 6.2 Definitions

Alternation any change or addition to the equipment other than ordinary repairs or replacement.

Annunciator Car An electrical device in the car which indicates visually the landings at which an elevator landing
signal registering device has been actuated.

Approved Approved by the enforcing authority

Buffer A device assigned to stop a descending car or counter-weight beyond its normal limit of travel by storing or by
absorbing and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counterweight.

Bumper A device, other than oil or spring buffer, designed to stop a descending car or counterweight beyond its
normal limit of travel by absorbing the impact.

Oil Buffer A buffer using oil as a medium which absorbs and dissipated the kinetic energy of the descending car or
counter-weight.

Spring Buffer A buffer utilizing a spring to cushion the impact of force of the descending car or counterweight.

Car, Elevator The load-carrying unit including its platform, car frame, enclosure, and car door or gate.

Car Door Or Gate Electric Contact An electrical device, the function of which is to prevent operation of the driving
machine by the normal operating device unless the car door or gate is in the closed position.

Car-Door or Gate Power Closer A device or assembly of devices which closes a manually opened car or gate by power
other than by hand, gravity springs, or the movement of the car.

Car Door or gate, Power Closed A door or gate which is closed by a car door or gate power closed or by a door or gate
power operator.

Car Enclosure The top and the walls of the car resting on and attached to the car platform.
Car Frame (Sling) The supporting frame to which the car platform, upper and lower of guide shoes, car safety, and the
hoisting ropes or hoisting-rope sheaves, or the hydraulic elevator plunger or cylinder are attached.

Car Frame, Over sling A car frame to which the hoisting-rope fastenings or hoisting-rope sheaves, are attached to the
cross-head or top member of the car frame.

Car Frame, Sub-Post A car frame all of whose member are located below the car frame.

Car Frame, Underslung A car frame to which the hoisting-rope sheaved are attached at or below the car platform.

Car Platform The structure which forms the floor of the car and which directly supports the load.

Certified A certification by a laboratory, a professional engineer, a manufacturer or a contractor that a device or an

assembly conforms to the requirements of his code.

Clearance, Bottom Car The clear vertical distance from the pit floor to the lowest structural or mechanical part,
equipment or device installed beneath the car platform, except guide shoes or rollers, safety jaw assemblies and
platform aprons or guards, when the car rests on its fully compressed buffers.

Clearance, Top Car The shortest vertical clearance between the top of the car crosshead, or between the top of the
car where no cross-head, is provided, and the nearest part of the overhead structure or any other obstruction when
the car floor is level with the top terminal landing.

Clearance, Top Counterweight The shortest vertical distance between any part of the counterweight structure and
the nearest part of the overhead structure or any other obstruction when the car floor is level with the bottom
terminal landing.

Compensating-Rope Sheave Switch A device which automatically causes the electric power to be removed from the
elevator driving-machine motor and brake when the compensating sheave approaches its upper or lower limit of
travel.

Control, Single-Speed Alternating Current A control for a driving machine induction motor which is arranged to run at
a single speed.

Control The system governing the starting, stopping, direction of motion, acceleration speed, and retardation of the
moving number.

Controller A device or group of devices which serves to control in some predetermined manner the apparatus to
which it is connected.

Dispatching Device, Elevator Automatic A device the principal function of which is to either:
 a) Operate a signal in the car to indicate when the car should leave a designated landing; or
b) Actuate its starting mechanism when the car is at a designated landing.

Door, Bi-Parting A vertically sliding or a horizontally sliding door, consisting of two or more sections so arranged that
the sections or groups of sections open away from each other and so interconnected that all sections operate
simultaneously,

Door or Gate, Car or Hoisting The sliding portion of the car the hinged or sliding portion in the hoistway enclosure
which closes the opening giving access to the car or the landing.

Door or Gate, Manually Operated A hoistway door or car door or gate which is opened and closed by hand.

Door or Gate, Power Operated A hoistway door or a car door or gate which is opened and closed by a door or gate
power operator.

Door or Gate Power Operator A device or assembly of device which opens a hoistway door and/or car door or gate by
power other than by hand, gravity, springs or the movement of the car; and which closes them by power other than by
hand, gravity or the movement of the car.

Door or Gate, Self-Closing A manually opened hoistway door or gate which closes when released.

Dumbwaiter, Under counter A dumbwaiter which has its top terminal landing located underneath a counter.

Elevator A hoisting and lowering mechanism designed to carry passengers or authorized personnel, equipped with a
car (elevator car) which moves in fixed guides and serves two or more fixed landings.

Elevator, Freight An elevator primarily used for carrying freight and on which only the operator and the persons
necessary for unloading and loading the freight are permitted to ride

Note: Its used is the subject to the modification specified in Sec. 6. 4.8

Elevator, Inclined An elevator which travels at an angle of inclination of 70 degrees or less from the horizontal.

Elevator, Multi-deck An elevator having two or more compartments located one immediately above the other.

Elevator, Observation An elevator designed to permit exterior viewing by passengers while the car is travelling.

Elevator, Passenger An elevator used primarily to carry persons other than the operator and persons necessary for
loading and unloading.

Elevator, Power An elevator utilizing energy other than gravitational or manual to move the car.
Elevator, Hydraulic A power elevator where the energy is applied, by means of a liquid under pressure, in a cylinder
equipped with a plunger or piston.

Elevator, Direct-Plunger Hydraulic A hydraulic elevator having a plunger or cylinder directly attached to the car frame
or platform.

Elevator, Maintained-Pressure Hydraulic A hydraulic elevator having a plunger or cylinder directly attached to the
frame or platform.

Elevator, Electro-Hydraulic A direct-plunger elevator where liquid under pressure is available at all times for transfer
into the cylinder.

Elevator, Roped-Hydraulic A hydraulic elevator having its piston connected to the car with wire ropes.

Elevator, Private Residence A power passenger elevator which is limited in size, capacity, rise, and speed, and is
installed ion a private residence or in a multiple dwelling as a means of access to a private residence.

Emergency Stop Switch A device located in the car which when manually operated, causes the electric power to be
removed from the driving machine motor and brake of an electric elevator or from the electrically operated valves
and/or motor of a hydraulic elevator.

Employee Any persons rendering service the employer for wages, salary, or other reward, and include any apprentice
or learner whether paid or unpaid.

Employer Any corporation, firm, partners, stock association, agent, manager or other authorized person having
control of custody of employment in a factory or of any employee therein.

Engine Any moving machine which converts energy of air, gas, oil, seam water into mechanical power, including
electrical energy or motor generator belt or gear, reciprocating compressor, pumps, blowers.

Entrance Locked out of Service An entrance in which the hoistway door is mechanically locked by means other than
the interlock to prevent the door being opened from the car side without keys or special equipment.

Escalator A power-driven, inclined continuous stairway used for raising or lowering passengers.

Escalators, Tandem Operation Escalators used in series with common intermediate landings.

Factor of Safety The ratio of the ultimate strength to the working stress of a member under maximum static loading,
unless otherwise specified in a particular rule.

Fire-Resistive Rating The measured time in hours or fractions thereof that the material or construction will withstand
fire exposure as determined by fire test conducted in conformity to recognize standards.
Guarded, Encased, Enclosed Protect The object is to covered, fenced, or surrounded that contact, which may result in
injury, at the point of danger is remote.

Hazardous The location of an object is so accessible as to permit of contact which may result in injury.

Hoistway Access Switch A switch, located at a landing, the function of which is to permit operation of the car with the
hoistway door at this landing and the car door or gate open, in order to permit access to the top of the car or to the pit.

Hoistway (shaft), Elevator, Dumbwaiter, or Material lift- An opening through a building or structure for the travel of
elevators, dumbwaiters, or material lifts, extending, from the pit floor to the roof or flow above.

Hoistway, Blind The portion of a hoistway (shaft) where normal landing entrances are not provided.

Hoistway Single A hoisture (shaft) where normal landing entrances are not provided.

Hoistway Enclosure The fixed structure, consisting of vertical walls or partitions, which isolates the hoistway from all
other areas or from an adjacent hoistway and in which the hoistway doors and door assemblies are installed.

Hoistway-Door Electric Contact An electrical device, the function of which is to prevent operation of the driving
machine by the normal operating device unless the hoistway door is in the closed position.

Hoistway Door or Gate Locking Device A device which secures a hoistway door or gate in the closed position and
prevents it from being upended from the landing side except under certain specified conditions.

Hoistway-Unit System A series of hoistway door interlocks, hoistway door electric contacts or hoistway door
combination mechanical locks and electric contacts, or a combination thereof, the function of which is to prevent
operation of the driving machine by the normal operating device unless all hoistway doors are in the closed position
and, are locked in the closed position.

Hoistway-Door Combination Mechanical Lock and Electric Contract A combination mechjanical and electrical device
with two related, but entirely independent functions, which are:

(a) To prevent operation of the driving-machine by the normal operating device unless the hoistway door is in the
closed position; and
(b) To lock the hoistway door in the closed position and prevent it from being opened from the landing side
unless the car is within the landing zone.
Note: As there is no positive mechanical connection between electric contact and the door-locking mechanism,
this device ensures only that the door will be closed, but not necessarily locked, when the car leaves the
landing. Should the lock mechanism fail to operate as intended when released by a stationary or retiring car
cam device, the door can be opened from the landing side even though the car is at the landing. If operated by
 normal operating device, unless all hoistway doors are in the closed position and, where so required by this
code, are locked in the closed positions.

Inspection and Tests

(a) Routing The examination and operation of equipment at specified intervals by an inspector to check for
compliance wish the applicable Code Requirements.
(b) Periodic Routine inspection and tests plus additional detailed examination and operation of equipment at
specified intervals witnessed by an inspector to check for compliance with the applicable Code Requirements,
(c) Acceptance The initial inspection and tests of new or altered equipment to check for compliance with the
applicable Code Requirements.

Installation A complete elevator, dumbwaiter, escalator, material lift, inclined lift, or moving walk, including its
hoistway, hoistway enclosures and related construction, and all machinery equipment necessary for its operation.

Landing, Elevator or Material Lift That portion of a floor balcony or platform used to receive and discharge passengers
or freight.

Landing Zone A zone extending from a point 457 mm below an elevator or material lift landing to a point 457 mm
above landing.

Leveling Controlled car movement toward the landing, within the leveling zone, by means of leveling device, which
vertically aligns the car-platform sill relative to the hoistway landing sill to attain a predetermined accuracy.

Leveling Device, One-Way Automatic A device which corrects the car level only in case of under-run of the car, but
will not maintain the level during loading and unloading.

Leveling Device, Two-Way Automatic Maintaining A device which corrects the car level on both under-run and over-
run, and maintains the level during loading and unloading.

Leveling Zone The limited distance above or below an elevation or material lift landing with in which the leveling
device is permitted to cause movement of the car toward the landing.

Electric Driving Machine One where the energy is applied by an electric motor. It includes the motor, brake, and the
driving sheave or drum together with its connecting gearing, belt or chain, if any.

Factory Any building or collection of buildings sheds, structures, yards or other places where either permanently or
temporarily one or more persons are employed at manufacturing of processing, including assembling, altering folding,
laundering, printing, dyeing, sorting, packaging any article or thing in whole or in part and etc., where a transformation
from raw to finished material takes place.

Director-Drive Machine An electric Driving machine, the motor which is directly connected mechanically to the
driving sheave, drum, or shaft without the use of the belts or chains, either with or without intermediate gears.

Geared-Drive Machine A direct-drive machine in which the energy is transmitted from the motor to the driving
sheave, drum or shaft through gearing.

Traction Machine A direct-drive machine in which the motion of a car is obtained through friction between the
suspension and a traction sheave.

Gearless-Traction Machine A traction machine, without intermediate gearing, which has the traction sheave and the
brake drum mounted directly on the motor shaft.

Winding-Drum Machine A geared-drive machine in which the suspension ropes are fastened to and wind on a drum.

Worm-Geared Machine A geared-drive machine in which the energy from other motor is transmitted to the driving
sheave or drum through worm gearing.

Indirect-Drive Machine An electric driving machine, the motor of which is connected indirectly to the driving sheave,
drum or shaft by means of a belt or chain through intermediate gears.

Machine Driving The power unit which applied the energy necessary to raise or lower an elevator or dumbwaiter.

Material Lift An hoisting and lowering mechanism normally classified as an elevator has been modified to adapt it for
the automatic transfer device.

Moving Walk, Belt Type A moving walk with a power driven continuous belt Treadway.

Moving Walk, Belt Pallet Type A moving walk with a series of connected and power-driven pallets to which a
continuous belt Treadway is fastened.

Moving Walk, Pallet Type A moving walk with a series of connected and power-driven pallets which together
constitutes the Treadway.

Non-Stop Switch, Elevator A switch, which when operated will prevent the elevator from marking registered landing
stops.

Operator, Automatic Operation wherein the starting of the elevator car is affected in response to the momentary
actuation of operating devices at the landing, and/or operating devices in the car identified with the landings, and/or in
response to an automatic starting mechanism and wherein, the car is stopped automatically at the landings.
Operating Device The car switch, push button, lever or other manual device used to actuate the control.

Overhead Structure All the structural members platforms, etc., supporting the elevator machinery, sheaves and
equipment at the too of the hoistway.

Parking Device, Elevator An electrical or mechanical device the function of which is permit the opening from the
landing side of the hoistway door at any landing when the car is within in the landing zone of that landing. The device
may also by used to close the door.

Pit Elevator That portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of lowest landing door to the floor at the
bottom of the hoistway.

Single Automatic Opeation Automatic operation by means of one button in the car for each landing served and one
button at each landing, so arranged that if any car of landing button has been actuated, of actuation of any other car or
landing operating button will have no effect of the operation of the car until the response to the first button has been
completed.

Position Indicator A device that indicated the position of the elevator car in the hoistway. It is called a halt position
indicator when placed at landing or a car position indicator when placed in the car.

Rope Equalizer, Suspension A device installed on an elevator car or counterweight to equalize automatically the
tensions in the suspension, wire ropes.

Rope-Fastening Device, Auxiliary A device attached to the car or counterweight or to the overhead dead-end rope-
hitch support which will function automatically to support the car or counterweight in case the regular wire-rope
fastening falls at the point of connection to the car or counterweight or at the overhead dead-end hitch.

Runby, Top, Direct-Plunger Hydraulic Elevator The distance the elevator car can run above its top terminal landing
before the plunger strikes the mechanical stop.

Safety, Car or Counterweight A mechanical device attached to the car frame or to an auxiliary frame, or the
counterweight frame, to stop and hold the car or counterweight under one or more of the following conditions:
predetermined over speed, free fall, or if the suspension ropes slacken.

Safety, Self-Resetting A car or counterweight safety released and reset by movement in the up direction.

Signal Device, Elevator Car Flush One providing a signal light in the car, which is illuminated when the car approaches
the landings at which a landing signal registering device has been actuated.
Signal System Elevator One consisting of buttons or other devices located at the landing which when actuated by a
waiting passenger illuminate a flash signal or operated an annunciator in the car indicating floors at which stops are to
be made.

Slack-Rope Switch A device which automatically causes the electric power to be removed from the elevator driving
machine motor and brake when the suspension ropes of a winding-drums machine become slack.

Starters control Panel, Elevator An assembly of devices by means of which the starter may control the manner in
which are elevator or group of elevators function.

Static Switching Switching of circuits by means of solid state devices.

Stopping Devices, Elevator Landing A button or other device, located at an elevator landing which when actuated
causes the elevator to stop at that floor.

Terminal Speed Limiting Device, Emergency A device which automatically reduces the speed as a car approaches a
terminal landing, independently of the functioning of the operating device, and the normal-terminal stopping device, if
the latter fail to slow down the car as intended.

Terminal Stopping Devices Emergency A device which automatically causes the power to be removed from an electric
elevator driving machine motor and brake at a pre-determined distance from the terminal landing, and independently
of the functioning of the operating device and the normal terminal stopping device if the normal terminal stopping
devices does not slow down the car as intended.

Terminal Stopping Device, Machine Final (Stop Motion Switch) - A final terminal stopping device operated directly by
the driving machine.

Terminal Stopping Device, Normal A device or devices to slow down and stop an elevator, dumbwaiter, or material
lift automatically or near a terminal landing independently of the functioning of the operating device.

Travel (Rise) The vertical distance between the bottom terminal landing and the top terminal landing of an elevator;
dumbwaiter; escalator; material lift, or inclined lift.

Traveling-Cable A cable made up of electric conductors, which provides electrical connection between an elevator
dumbwaiter, or material lift car and fixed outlet in the hoistway or machine room.

Waiting-Passenger Indicator An indicator which show at which landings and for which direction elevator shall hail
stop-or-signal calls have been registered and are unanswered.

Working Pressure The pressure measured at the cylinder of a hydraulic elevator when lifting car and its rated load at
rated speed, or with Class C2 loading when levelling up with maximum static load.
Article 6.3 Electric Elevators

6.3.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosure

(a) Fire-Resistive Construction Required,

Hoistways shall be enclosed throughout their height with fire-resistive enclisures, and all hoistways landing openings
shall be protected with fire-resistive entrance assemblies.

Exceptions:

(4) Partitions between fire-resistive hoistways and machine rooms having fire-resistive enclosures and which are
located at a side of or beneath the hoistway, may be of unperforated noncombustible material at least equal
to 1.52 mm sheet steel in strength and stiffness with openings therein essential for ropes, drums, sheaves, and
other elevator equipment.
(5) Elevators which are entirely within one story or which pierce no solid floors and serve two or more open
galleries, book stacks, etc., in buildings such as power-houses, libraries, open towers, and similar structures.
(6) Observation elevators which are adjacent to a building wall without penetrating the separate fire-resistive
areas of the building. (Fire resistive entrances assemblues and a fire resistance rated wall per Sec 6.3.1 (b) shall
be used).
(e) Fire Resistance Rating
The fire resistance rating of a hoistway enclosure, exclusive of entrances and protective assemblies in other
openings, shall be not less than required by the National Building Code.
The fire resistance ratings of the entrances shall be not less than 1 hour.
The fire resistance rating of hoistway opening protective assemblies other than elevator entrances shall be not
less than 1 hour as determined with tests conducted in accordance with ANSI/ASME E152 Methods of Fire
Tests of Door Assemblies.
The fire resistance shall not be less than required by Local Code such as the National Building Code, National
Fire Code and the Philippine Electrical Colde.

(f) Non-Fire-Resistive Enclosures.

Where fire-resistive hoistway enclosures and entrances are not required by Sec. 6.3.1.1 (a) the hoistway shall
be fully enclosed. Enclosure and entrances shall be unperforated to a height of 1830 mm above each floor or
landing and above the treads of adjacent stairways. Enclosures shall be so supported and braces as to deflect
not over 25 mm when subjected to a force of 45 kg applied horizontally at any point. Unperforated metal
enclosures shall be equal to or stronger than 1.2 mm sheet steel. Open work enclosures may be used above
 the 1830 mm level and shall reject 50 mm in diameter, and shall be of either of wire grille at least 2.30 mm
diameter steel wire of expanded metal at least 2.30 mm in thickness.
Glass curtain walls may be used in elevator hoistways provided the panels are of laminated glass.
(g) Strength of Enclosure

The hoistway enclosure adjacent to a landing opening shall be of sufficient strength to maintain in true lateral
alignment the hoistway entrances. Operating mechanism and locking devices shall be supported by the
building wall, if load bearing, or by other building structure. Adequate consideration shall be given to pressure
exerted on hoistway enclosures as a result of windage and/or elevator operation.

8.3.1.2 Floor Over Hoistways

(a) Where Required. A metal or concrete floor shall be provided at the top of the hoistway.

Exceptions: Floors are not required below:

(3) Secondary and deflecting sheaves of traction-type machines located over the hoistway.
(4) Overhead sheaves, governors, and other equipment where the elevator machine is located below or at
the side of the hoistway.

(e) Location of Floor. The floor shall be located:

(3) Above or level with the top of the machine beams where the machine is located over the
hoistway;
(4) Below the overhead sheaves where the machine is not located over the hoistway.
(f) Strength of Floor. The floor shall be capable sustaining a concentrated load of 136 kg on any 2580
mm2 area and in addition where it constitutes the floor of the main or secondary level machinery
space, it shall be designed for a live load of not less than 611 kg/m2 in all open areas. A sign stating
the maximum allowable load of which the floor is designed shall be permanently displayed in all main
and secondary machine-room spaces. The sign shall be of metal with black letters and figures at least
100 mm high on a white background.
(g) Construction of Floors. Floors may be of concrete, or may be of metal construction with or without
perforations. Metal floors shall conform to the following:
(3) If of bar-type grating, the openings between bars shall reject a ball 20 mm in dia.
(4) If of perforated sheet metal or of fabrivated open work construction, the openings shall
reject a ball 25 mm in diameter.

6.3.1.3 Hoistway Protection in Case of Fire

 Hoistway of elevators shall be provided in cases of fire as required by the local codes. Such as National
Building Code, National Fire and the Philippine Electrical Code.

6.3.1.4 Hoistway for all elevators shall be substantially enclosed throughout their height, and there shall be no
openings except for necessary doors, windows or skylights.

6.3.1.5 Hoistway for elevators outside building shall be substantially enclosed to a height of at least 3000 mm
provided that the enclosure shall be continuous to the top of any side on which there is access to the cage.

6.3.1.6 The enclosure shall be either a continuous wall or substantial grill work, metal bars, or wood stats.

6.3.1.7 Openings fixed enclosures shall not exceed 50 mm in their lesser dimensions, at all places where moving
cars, counter-weights, or sliding doors present hazard they shall not exceed 10 mm in their lesser dimensions.

6.3.1.8 Hoistway enclosures and hoistway doors and door assemblies shall be of fire-resistive construction of not
less than 1-hour fire resistance.

6.3.1.9 Where four or more elevators serve all or same portion of a building, they shall be located in not less than
two (2) hoistway and in no case shall more than four (4) elevators be located in any one hoistway.

6.3.1.10 Windows and Skylights

(a) Window and Skylight Frames and Sash.

Windows in the walls of hoistway enclosures are prohibited. Frames and sashes of windows in
machine rooms and skylights shall be of metal

(b) Skylights Guards

A guard securely anchored to the supporting structure, consisting of a wire mesh screen of at least
2.325 mm diameter steel wire with openings which will reject a ball 25 mm in diameter, or an expanded
metal screen of equivalent strength and open area, shall be installed above every elevator skylight. A
similar screen of at least 1.205 mm diameter steel wire, or of expanded metal of equivalent strength and
open area, shall be installed below every elevator skylight.

6.3.2 Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces

6.3.2.1 Enclosure Required

(a) Enclosure Required for Elevators Having Non-Fire-Resistive Hoistway Enclosure. Spaces containing machines,
control equipment, sheaves and other machinery shall be enclosed with non-combustible material extending to a
height of not less than 1830mm. Openwork material, if used, shall reject a ball 51mm in diameter.
6.3.2.2 Equipment in Machine Rooms

(a) Equipment Permitted Machinery and Control Spaces. Elevator machine and control equipment may be located in a
room or space containing other machinery and equipment essential to the operation of the building; provided that
they are separated from the other machinery or equipment by a substantial metal grille enclosure not less than
1830mm high with a self-closing and self-locking door. The grille enclosures shall be of a design which will reject a ball
51mm in diameter.

(b) Equipment Prohibited in Machine Room. Where the elevator machine control equipment are not located at the
top of the hoistway, only machinery and equipment required for the operation of the elevator shall be permitted in the
elevator machine room.

6.3.2.3 Where machine room are provided over elevator shaftways they shall be substantially counstructed with
sufficient room for repair and inspection and access shall be by means of iron ladder or stairs where the machine room
entrance is more than 600mm above the adjacent floor or roof surface. The angle of incline of such ladder or stair shall
not exceed 60degerees from the horizontal.

6.3.2.4 Landing doors for power driven elevators shall be provided with interlocks to hold the elevator car immovable
while any landing door Is open and to make it impossible to pen any landing door when the ca is more than 80mm
away from the landing except with special emergency key.

6.3.2.5 Landing openings in passenger-elevator hoistway enclosure shall be protected preferably by sliding doors,
combination sliding and swing doors, or swinging doors.

6.3.2.6 Access to Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces.

(d) General Requirements.

A permanent, safe and convenient means of access to elevator machine rooms and overhead machinery
spaces shall be provided for authorized persons.
(e) Where the passage is over a sloping roof having slope exceeding 15 deg. From the horizontal, an
unobstructed, permanent and substantial walkway not less than 610 mm wide, equipped on at least one side
with a standard railing not less than 1067 mm high, shall be provided from the building exit door at the roof
level to the means of access to machine room or machinery spaces. Railings shall conform to the requirements
of ANSI A12.1

6.3.2.7 Headroom in Machine Rooms and Overhead Machinery Spaces.

Elevator machine rooms and machinery spaces not located over the hoistway shall have a clear headroom of not
less than 2130mm

Where a floor is provided at the top of the hoistway (see Sec 6.3.1.2), elevator machine rooms and overhead
machinery spaces above such floor shall have a clear headroom of not less than the following:

(d) Machine, control, and motor-generator, rooms, 2130mm

(e) Spaces contacting overhead, secondary or deflecting sheaves, and governors, signal machines, or other
equipment, 1372mm
(f) Spaces containing overhead, secondary and deflecting sheaves, the machine and supporting beams may
encroach on the required headroom provided there is a clearance of not less than 914mm between the
underside of such beams and the top of the floor.
6.3.2.8 Lighting and Ventilation of Machine Rooms and Machinery Spaces

(a) Lighting

Permanent electric lighting shall be provided in all machine rooms and machinery spaces

The illumination shall be not less than 108 lux at the floor level. The lighting control switch shall be located within
easy reach of the access to such rooms or spaces.

Where practicable, the light control switch shall be located on the lockjamb side of the access door.

(f) Ventilation for Machinery and Control Equipment.

Machine rooms shall be provided with natural or mechanical ventilation to avoid overheating of the electrical
equipment and to ensure safe and normal operation of the elevator.

6.3.2.9 Storage of Materials in Machine and Control Rooms.

Elevator machine and control rooms shall be maintained and shall not be used for storage of articles unnecessary
for he maintenance or operation of the elevator. Flammable liquids having a flash point of less than 43.3 degree
centigrade shall not be kept in such rooms.

6.3.3 Electrical Wiring, Pipes and Ducts in Hoistway and Machine Rooms

6.3.3.1 Wiring, Raceways, and Cables in Hoistways

Main feeders for supplying power to the elevator shall be installed outside the hoistway.

Only such electrical wiring, raceways, and cables used directly in connection with the elevator, including wiring for
signals, for communication with the car, for lighting, heating, air conditioning, and ventilating the car, for low
voltage fire-detecting systems, for pit sump pumps, and for heating and lighting the hoistway, may be installed
inside the hoistway.

6.3.3.2 Installation of Pipes or Ducts Conveying Gases, Vapor or Liquids in Hoistways, Machine Rooms, or Machinery
Spaces.

Pipes of ducts conveying gases, vapors or liquids and not use in connection with the operation of the elevator shall
not be in any hoistway, machine room or machinery space.

Exceptions

(5) Steam and hot water pipes may be installed in hoistways, machine rooms, and machinery spaces for the
purpose of heating there areas only, subject to the following:
(d) Heating pipes shall convey only low pressure steam (34 KPa or less) or hot water (100 degree centigrade
or less)
(e) All risers and return pipes shall be located outside the hoistway.
(f) Traps and shut-off valves shall be provided in accessible locations outside the hoistway.
(6) Ducts for heating, cooling, ventilating and venting these spaces only may be installed in the machine room and
machinery space.
(7) Pipes for sprinklers only may be installed in these subject to the following
(e) All risers and returns shall be located outside there spaces
 (f) Branch lines in hoistway shall supply sprinklers at not more than one floor level
(g) Shut off valves shall be provided in accessible locations outside these spaces.
(8) Piping for pit and sump pumps may be installed.

6.3.4 Guarding of Exposed Auxiliary Equipment

6.3.4.1 In machine rooms and secondary machinery spaces, exposed gears, sprockets, tape of rope sheaves or drums of
selectors, floor controllers or signal machines, and their driving ropes, chains or tapes, shall be guarded to protect
against accidental contact.

6.3.5 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports and Foundations

6.3.5.1 Beams and Supports Required.

Machines, machinery and sheaves shall be so supported and maintained in place to prevent any part from
becoming loose or displaced under the conditions imposed in service.

Supporting beams, if used, shall be of steel or reinforced concrete. Beams are not required under machines,
sheaves and machinery or control equipment which are supported on floor provided such floors are designed and
installed to support the load imposed thereon.

6.3.5.2 Loads

(a) Overhead Beams, Floors, and their Supports

Overhead beams, floors and their supports shall be designed for not less than the sum of the following loads:

(3) The loads resting on the beams and supports which shall include the complete weight of the machine,
sheaves, controller, governor and any other equipment together with that portion, if any of the machine-room
floor supported thereon.
(4) Two times the sum of the tension in all wires ropes supported by the beams with rated load in the car.
Note: There tensions are doubled to take care of impact, accelerating stresses, etc

(b) Foundations, Beams and Floor for Machinery and Sheaves not located directly over the hoistway.

The supports for machines and sheaves located below or at the sides of the hoistway shall have the following
requirement.

(5) The foundation shall support the total weight of the machine, sheaves and other equipment, and the floor
if any.
(6) The sheaves, beams and the foundation bolts shall withstand two times the vertical component of the
tension in all suspension types on the foundation or beams less the weight of the machine or sheaves.
(7) The sheave beams and foundation blots shall withstand two times the horizontal component, if any, of
the tension in all suspension ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundation or beams.
(8) The foundation shall withstand two times the over-turning movement, if any, developed bt the tensions in
all the suspension ropes passing over sheaves or drums on the foundations or beams.

6.3.5 Pits

6.3.6.1 Where required. A pit shall be provided for every elevator.

6.3.6.2 Design and Construction of Pits

 (a) The construction of the pit walls, the pit floor, and any pit access doors (see sec. 6.3.6.3) shall conform to
section 6.3.1.1

(b) The floor of the pit shall be approximately level.

(c) Drains connected directly to sewers shall not be installed in elevator pits.

(d) Elevator pits shall be water-proofed with at least 3/16 steel plate on all sides at a height of not less than
1200mm including the pit floor.

Exception: Sumps with or without pumps may be installed.

6.3.6.3 Access to Pits. Safe and convenient access shall be provided to all pits and shall conform to the following.

(a) Access shall be by means of the lowest hoistway door or by means of a separate pit access door.

(b) There shall be installed in the pit of each elevator where the pit extends more than 914mm below the sill
of the pit access door, a fixed vertical ladder on non-combustible material, located within reach of the access door. The
ladder shall extend not less than 1067mm above the sill of the access door, or handgrips shall be provided to the same
height.

(h) Pits shall be accessible only to authorized persons.

Where a separate pit access door is provided, it shall be self-closing and provided with a spring-type lock arranged to
permit the door or be opened from inside the pit without a key. Such doors shall be kept locked.

6.3.6.4 Illumination of Pits. A permanent lighting fixture shall be provided in all pits, which shall provide an illumination
of not less than 54 lux at the pit floor. A light switch shall be provided and shall be so located as to be accessible from
the pit access door.

6.3.6.5 Stop Switch in Pits. There shall be installed in the pit of each elevator, an enclosed stop switch or switches,
meeting the requirements of section 6.4.11.3

The switch shall be so located as to be accessible from the pit access door. Where access to the pits of elevator shall be
located adjacent to the nearest point of access to its pit from the access door.

6.3.6.6 Minimum Pit Depths Required. The pit depth shall be not less than is required for the location of the buffers,
compensating sheaves if any, and all other elevator equipment located therein, and to provide the minimum bottom
car clearance and runby required by Section 6.3.7.

6.3.7 Bottom and Top Clearances and Runbys for Elevator Cars and Counterweights.

6.3.7.1 Bottom Car Clearances. When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, there shall be a vertical clearance of
not less than 610mm between the pit floor and the lowest structural or mechanical part, equipment or device installed
beneath the car platform except guide shoes or rollers, safety-jaw assemblies and platform aprona guards, or other
equipment located within 305mm horizontally from the sides of the car platform.

Trenches and depressions or foundations encroachments permitted by the exceptions in Section 6.3.6.2 shall not be
considered in determining this clearance. When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, no part of the car or any
equipment attached thereto shall strike any part of the equipment located therein.
6.3.7.2 Bottom Runby for Counterweighted Elevators. The bottom runby of cars and counterweights shall be not less
than the following

(a) Where oil buffers are used, 152mm. Exceptions:

(1) Where practical difficulties prevent a sufficient pit depth or where a top clearance cannot be provided to
obtain the runby specified, it may be reduced.

(2) Where spring-return type oil buffers are used, the runby may be eliminated by amounts not be eliminated
so that the buffers are compressed by amounts not exceeding 610mm when the car floor is level with the terminal
landings.

(b) Where spring buffers are used:

(1) Where generator-field control is used, 152mm.

6.3.7.3 Bottom Runby for Uncounter weighted Elevators. The bottom runby of uncounter weighted elevators shall be
not less than the following:

(a) 76mm where the rated speed does not exceed 0.13m/s

(b) 152mm where the rated speed exceeds 0.13m/s

6.3.7.4 Top Counterweight Clearances. The top counterweight clearances shall be not less than the sum of the
following items:

(a) The bottom car runby.

(b) The stroke of the car buffer used.

(c) 152mm

(d) Where an oil buffer is used for the car and no provision is made to prevent the jump of the counterweight
at car buffer engagement add:

(1) one-half the gravity stopping distance based on 115% of the rated speed.

(e) Where car spring buffers are used, add one-half the gravity stopping distance based on governor tripping
speed.

6.3.7.5 Overhead Clearances Where Overhead Beams Are Not Over Car Crosshead.

Where overhead beams or other overhead hoistway construction, except sheaves, are located vertically over the car,
but not over the crosshead, the following requirements shall be met:

(b) Such beams or construction shall be located not less than 610mm horizontally from the crosshead.

6.3.6 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances

6.3.8.1 Between Car and Hoistway Enclosures.

The clearance between the car and the hoistway enclosures shall be not less than 19mm except on the sides used for
loading and unloading.

6.3.8.2 Between Car and Counterweight and Counterweight Screen.

The clearance between the car and the counterweight shall be not less than 25mm. The clearance between
counterweight and the counterweight screen and between the counterweight and the hoistway enclosureshall be not
less than 19mm.

6.3.8.3 Between Cars in Multiple Hoistway

The running clearance between the cars and any equipment attached thereto, of elevators operating in a multiple
hoistway, shall be not less than 51mm.

6.3.8.4 Between Cars and Landing Sills.

The clearance between the car-platform sill and the hoistway edge of any landing sill, or the hoistway side of any
vertically sliding counterweighted or counterbalanced hoistway door or any vertically sliding counterbalanced biparting
hoistway door, shall be not less than 13mm where side guides are used, and not less than 19mm where the corners
guides are used. The maximum clearance shall be not more than 38mm.

6.3.8.5 Clearances between Loading Side of Car Platforms and Hoistway Enclosures.
The clearance between the edge of the car platform sill and the hoistway enclosure or fascia plate for the full width of
the clear hoistway door opening shall be not more than 127mm.

Exception:
Where vertically sliding hoistway doors are installed, the clearance specified may be increased to 190 mm. For heavy
duty elevators or extra-wide door openings, the clearance may be increased where necessary, subject to the approval of
the enforcing authority.
6.3.8.6 Measurement of Clearances.
The clearances specified in Sec. 6.3.8 shall be measured with no load on the car platform.

6.3.9 Protection of Hoistway-Landing Openings

6.3.9.1 Entrances for Passenger Elevators and Freight Elevators authorized to carry employees.
(f) Horizontal slide, single or multi-section.
(g) Swing, single-section.
(h) Combination horizontal slide and swing.
(i) Power-operated, vertical slide biparting counterbalanced, or vertical slide counter weighted which slide down
to open, where located at entrances used by passenger (see section 6.4.8.5)
(j) Hand or power-operated vertical slide which slide up to open.
6.3.9.2 for Freight Elevators
Entrances shall be one of the following types:
(f) (a) Horizontal slide, single or multi-section.
(g) Swing, single-section.
(h) Combination horizontal slide and swing.
(i) Center-opening, two-section horizontal swing (subject to restrictions of Section 6.3.9.3)
(j) Vertical slide counterweighted, single or multi-section.
6.3.9.3 Limitations of Use of Double Swing Entrances.
(c) for freight elevators which can be operated only from the car; or
(d) for freight elevators not accessible to the general public which can be operated from outside the hoistway,
and which are located in factories, warehouses, garages and similar industrial buildings.
6.3.9.4 Hoistway Door Vision Panels:
(h) The areas of any single vision panel shall be not less than 0.016 meter squared and the total area of one or
more vision panels in any hoistway door shall be not more than 0.051 meter squared.
(i) Each clear panel opening shall reject a ball 152 mm in diameter.
(j) Mounting used between panel sections shall be of non-combustible material and of substantial construction.
(k) Panel opening shall be glazed with clear wire glass not less than 6.3 mm thick.
(l) The center of the panel shall be located not less than 1370 mm nor more than 1 680 mm above the landing;
except that for vertically sliding biparting counter balanced doors, it shall be located to conform with the
dimensions specified insofar as the door design will permit.
(m) The vision panels in horizontally swinging doors shall be located for convenient vision when operating the
door from the car side.
(n) Wire-glass panels in power-operated doors shall be substantially flush with the surface of the landing side of
the door.
6.3.9.5 Hoistway Door Locking Devices and Hoistway Door Power Operators
(b) Locking Devices. Doors shall be provided with door locking devices, hoistway access switches and parking
devices.
6.3.9.6 Entrances, Horizontal Slide Type
(d) Landing Sills. Landing sills shall:
(3) be metal and of sufficient strength to support the loads to be carried by the sills when loading and
unloading the car, and be secured in place;
(4) be substantially flush with the floor surface of the elevator landings and so designed and maintained as to
provide a secure foothold over the entire width of the door opening.
Exceptions [ Section 6.3.9.6 (a) (2) ]
(3) Where necessary, sill may be beveled or the landing floor may be ramped. The angle with the
horizontal shall be not greater than 76 mm in 305 mm for beveled sills nor greater than 25 mm in 305
mm for ramped landings.
(4) The top surface or beveled sills shall be not more than 38 mm above the adjacent floor surface.
(e) Hanger Tracks and Track Support.
The tracks and their supports and fastenings for power operated doors shall be constructed to withstand
without damage or appreciable deflections, an imposed static load equal to four times the weight of each
panel as applied successively down-ward and upward at the vertical centerline of the panel.
Note: See Sec. 6.3.9.8 (g) and (h)
(f) Entrance Frames
Frames shall conform to the following:
(4) if used, they shall overlap the wall surface on the hoistway side and provide a uniform surface on the
hoistway side of the wall parallel to the plane of the panels.
(5) They shall be securely anchored to the sills, and to the building structure or to the track supports.
Anchors and fastening to suit the wall construction are required. The head of the entrance frames shall
not be used to support the weight of the wall over the frame.
(6) They shall be made of noncombustible material with a melting point no less than 982 degree Celsius.
Combustible material not more than 1.6 mm thick or low melting point noncombustible material may be
applied for decorative purposes.

6.3.9.7 Hangers. Hangers shall conform to the following:

(d) Means shall be provided to prevent the hangers from jumping track.
(e) Stops shall be provided in the entrance assembly to prevent hangers from over running the end of the track.
(f) For power-operated doors, they shall be constructed to withstand, without damage or appreciable deflection,
and imposed static load equal to four times the weight of each panel as applied successively downward and
upward at the vertical centerline of the panel.
Note: Sec. 6.3.9.7: See Sec. 6.3.9.8 (g) and (h).

6.3.9.8 Panels. Panels shall conform to the following:

 (i) The panels shall overlap the top and sided of the opening and each other, in case of multispeed entrances, by
not less than 16 mm.
(j) The clearance between the panel and the frame and between related panels of multispeed entrances shall not
exceed 9.5 mm.
(k) The leading panel edge of side-opening entrances shall not close into pockets in the strike jamb and shall be
smooth and free of sharp projections.
(l) The meeting panel edges of center-opening entrances shall be smooth and free of sharp projections.
The meeting panel edges of center-opening entrances shall be protected with not less than one resilient male
member extending the full height of the panel. The meeting edges may interlock by not more than 9.5 mm.
(m) the panels shall have no area or molding depressed or raised more than 6.3 mm from the exposed surface,
unless they are parallel to the direction of panel motion. Areas depressed or raised more than 3.2 mm from
the adjacent area and not parallel to the direction of panel motion, shall be beveled at not more than 30
degrees to the panel surface.
(n) Combustible materials not more than 1.6 mm thick or low melting point noncombustible materials may be
applied to the panel surface for decorative purposes.
(o) The entrance assembly shall be capable of withstanding, a force of 114 kg applied on the landing side at right
angles to and approximately at the center of a panel. This force shall be distributed over an area of
approximately 102 mm by 102 mm. There shall be no appreciable permanent displacement of deformation of
any parts of the entrance assembly resulting from this test.
(p) If any combustible material or low melting point material, is used in the entrance assembly, should be
consumed or should melt, the allowable movement towards the hoistway of the panels from their normal
operating position shall not exceed 16 mm at the top or at the bottom.

6.3.9.9 Entrances, Vertical Slide Type

(e) Landing Sills. Landing Sills shall:
(3) Be of metal and of sufficient strength to support the loads to be carried by the sills when loading and
unloading car can be secured in place.
(4) Be firmly anchored to the building structure in substantially the same plane as the elevator landing floor.
(f) Entrance Frames. The uprights and lintels used to frame the opening shall be securely fastened to the building
structure at the top and bottom and to the wall.
(g) Rails. The panel guide rails shall be securely fastened to the building structure and the entrance frame, at
intervals, throughout their entire length.
Rails and their supports shall withstand the forces specified in Section 6.3.9.1 (d) (6). Where truckable sills are
provided as specified in Section 6.3.9.1 (d) (2), the rails shall withstand any reactions which may be
transmitted to the rails as a result of loading and unloading operations.
(h) Panels. Panels shall conform to the following:
(8) The panels shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
Exception: A structural core made of combustible material may be used if covered with not less than
0.455 mm sheet metal.
(9) The lower panel of vertical biparting entrances and the top of the panel of vertical slide entrances which
slide down to open, shall be provided with a truckable still design for the loads specified in Section 6.3.9.9
(a) (1). Provisions shall be made to transmit the panel still to the building structure.
(10) Panels of biparting counterbalanced entrances shall conform to the following:
(d) They shall be provided with means to stop the closing panels when the distance between the closing
rigid members of the panel is not less than 19 mm.
(e) A tire-resistive, non-shearing and non-crushing member of either the meeting or overlapping type
shall be provided on the upper panel to close the distance between the rigid door sections when in
contact with the stops.
(f) Rigid members which overlap the melting edge and center latching deviced are prohibited.
(11) The panels with their attachments shall oberlap the entrance frame and still by not less than 51 mm in the
closed position.
(12) The clearance between a panel and the frame lintel, between related panels of multispeed entrances,
shall not exceed 25 mm.
 (13) The entrance assembly shall be capable of withstanding a force of 113 kg applied on the landing side at
right angles to, and approximately at the center of the panel. This force shall be distributed over an area
of approximately 102 mm by 102 mm. There shall be no appreciable permanent displacement of
deformation of any parts of the entrance assembly resulting from this test.
(14) Means shall be provided to close the opening between the upper panel of pass-type entrances and the
entrance frame lintel. The sum of the clearance between the panel, the device use to close the opening,
and the entrance lintel shall not exceed 25 mm. The device use shall be made of a material having a
melting point of not less than 982 degree Celsius.

6.3.10 Access to Hoistway for Inspection, Maintenance or Repairs.

Access means conforming to the requirements of Section 6.3.10.1 shall be provided at one upper landing to permit
access to top of car, and at the lowest landing if this landing is the normal point of access to the pit.

6.3.10.1 Hoistway Door Unlocking Device.

Elevators having hoistway doors which are unlocked when closed with car at landing, shall be provided with hoistway
door unlocking devices or devices conforming to the requirements of Section 6.3.10.2.

6.3.10.2 Location and Design of Holstway Door Unlocking Devices.

Holstway door unlocking devices shall conform to the following:
(f) The device shall unlock and permit the opening of the holstway door from the access landing irrespective of
the position of the car.
(g) The device shall be installed only at the access landings.
Exception: For emergency use see Sec. 6.3.10.3.
(h) The device shall be designed to prevent unlocking the door with common tools.
(i) The operating means for unlocking the door shall be available to and used only by inspectors, maintenance
men and repair men.
(j) The unlocking-device keyway shall be located at a height not greater than 2 110 mm above floor.

6.3.10.3 Access to the Hoistway for Emergency Purposes.

Hoistway door unlocking devices conforming to Section 6.3.10.2 (a) and (c) may be provided for all hoistway doors
subject to the following:
(c) The elevator shall have hoistway doors which are unlocked when closed with car at the floor or locked but can
be open from the landing by means effective only when car is in the landing zone.
(d) The operating means for unlocking the doors shall be kept on the premises by the person responsible for the
maintenance and operation of the elevators in a location readily accessible to qualified persons in case of an
emergency but where they are not accessible to the general public.
Exception: Sec. 6.3.10.3 (b): Emergency hoistway doors which shall be provided with unlocking devices
conforming the requirements of the Section 6.3.9.

Article 6.4 Machinery and Equipment for Electric Elevators

Car and Counterweight Guide Rails, Guide Rail Supports and Fastenings.

6.4.1.1 Guide Rails Required.

Passenger and freight elevators shall be provided with car and counterweight guide rails.

6.4.1.2 Material
Guide rails, guide-rail brackets, rail clip, fish plates, and their fastenings shall be of steel or other metals conforming to
the requirements of this section.
Exception: Where steel may present an accident hazard, as in chemical or explosive plants, guide rails may be of
selected wood or other suitable nonmetallic materials provided the rated speed of the car does not exceed 0.76 meter
per second.
 (c) Requirements for Steel, Where Used.
(4) Rails, brackets, fish plates, and rail clips shall be made of open-hearth steel or its equivalent having a
tensile strength of not less than 379 Mpa and having an elongation of not less than 22% in a length of 51
mm.
(5) Bolts shall conform to ANSI/ASTM A307, or equivalent.
(6) Rivets shall conform to ANSI/ASTM 1502, or equivalent.
(d) Requirements for Metals other than Steel.
Metals other than steel may be used provided the factor of safety is not less than, and the deflections are not
more than, the values specified in this section, and provided that the cast iron is not used.

6.4.1.3 Rail Section.

Guide rails shall be T-section conforming to the nominal weights and dimensions shown in Fig.6.4.1.3 and Table 6.4.1.3.
Exception: Other approves shapes may be used subject to the following requirements:
(c) They shall have a section modulus and moment of inertia equal to or greater than that of the section shown in
Fig. 6.4.1.3 for a given loading condition.
(d) They shall have a sectional area sufficient to withstand the compressive forces resulting from the supplication
of the car or counterweight safety device.

6.4.1.4 Maximum Load on Rails in Relation to the Bracket Spacing

(b) With Single Car or Counterweight Safety
Where a single car or counterweight safety is used, the maximum suspended weight of the counterweight,
including the weight of any compensating ropes or chains and of any traveling cables suspended there form,
per pair of guide rails, shall not exceed the maximum specified Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (1) for the size of the rails and
the bracket spacing used.

Exeptions: The bracket spacing may exceed the values specified in Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (1) for a given weight of car
plus its rated load or for a counterweight with safety, per pair of guide rails, provided:
(4) the guide rail is reinforced; or
(5) rail of larger size is used;
(6) in Sec.6.4.1.4, exceptions (1) and (2) above, the moment of inertia of a single renforced rail or of a single
larger size T-section about the axis (x-x) parallel to the base of the rail shall not be less than that required
by Fig. 6.4.1.4 (a) (2) for the given weight of car plus load, or the counterweight with safety device, at the
bracket spacing used.

6.4.1.7 Bracket Fastenings.

Guide-rail brackets shall be secured to their supporting structure by means of bolt holes in brackets and their
supporting beams shall conform to the requirements of Sections 6.4.1.8 to 6.4.1.10

Table 6.4.1.9 Minimum Size of Rail Fastening Bolts

Nominal Weight of Guide Rail, lb/ft Min. Diameter of Bolts, in

11 5/8

12 5/8

15 5/8

16 1/2 5/8
 22

30

Note:
Kg/m = lb/ft x 1.49
Mm = inch x 25.4

6.4.1.6 Type of Fastening

Guide rail shall be secured to their brackets by clips, welds or bolts.
Bolts used for fastening shall be such strength as to withstand the forces specified in Section 6.4.1.5

6.4.1.9 Sized of Bolts for Fastenings.

The size of bolts used for fastening the guide rails or rail clips to the brackets shall be not less than specified in Table
6.4.1.9.

6.4.1.10 Bolt Holes for Fastening

The diameter of holes or the width of slots for fastening boilts shall not exceed the diameter of the bolt by more than
1.6 mm.

6.4.2 Car and Counterweight Buffers

6.4.2.1 Spring, Oil or Equivalent Buffers.

Buffers of the spring , oil or equivalent type shall be installed under cars and counterweights of passenger and freight
elevators.

Spring Buffers or their equivalent may be used where the rated speed is not in excess of 1.02 m/s.

Exception: Where type C safeties are used (see Sec. 6.4.6.7 (a), car buffers are not required provided solid bumpers are
installed.

6.4.2.2 Location.
Buffers or bumpers shall be located so as to retard the car and counterweight without exceeding allowable design
stresses in the car frame and counterweight frame.

6.4.2.3 Construction and Requirements for solid Bumpers.

Solid bumpers used with Type C safeties shall be made of wood or other suitably resilient material of sufficient strength
to withstand without failure and impact of the car with rated load, or the counterweight, descending at governor
tripping speed.

The material used shall be of a type which resist deterioration or be so treated as to resist deterioration.

6.4.2.4 Construction and Requirements for Spring Buffers

(c) Stroke. The stroke of the buffer spring, as marked on its marking plate, shall be equal to or greater than as
specified in Table 6.4.2.4 (a)
(d) Marking Plate. Each spring buffer shall have permanently attached to a metal plate marked in a legible and
permanent manner to show its stroke and load rating.
Construction and requirements for spring buffers.

(a) Stroke the stroke of the buffer spring, as marked on its marking plate, shall be equal to or greater than as specified
in Table 6.4.2.4 (a).
(b) Marking Plate each spring buffer shall have permanently attached to it a metal plate marked in a legible and
permanent manner to show its stroke and load rating.

Table 6.4.2.4 (a)

Minimum Spring Buffer Stroke

Rated Car Speed, fpm Minimum Stroke, in

100 or less 1

101 to 150 2

151 to 200 4

Note:
m/s = fpm x 0.00508
mm = inch x 25.4
Table 6.4.2.5

Minimum Oil Buffer Strokes

Rate Speed, fpm 155 % of Rated Speed, fpm Minimum Stroke, in*

200 230 2

225 259 3

250 288 4

300 345 6

350 402 8

400 460 11

450 517 13

500 575 17

600 690 24

700 805 33

800 920 43

900 1035 55

1000 1150 68
Note:
m/s = fpm x 0.00508
mm = inch x 25.4
Construction and Requirements for Oil Buffers

(a) Retardation Oil buffer shall develop an average retardation not in excess of 9.81 m/s2 and shall develop
no peak retardation greater than 24.54 m/s2 having duration exceeding 1/25 sec with any load in the car from
rated load to a minimum load of 68 kg when the buffers are struck with an initial speed.
(b) Factor of safety for Oil-buffer Parts. The factor of safety of parts of oil buffers based on the yield point for
compression members and on ultimate strength and elongation with the maximum load for which the buffer
is designed, shall be not less than the following:
1. 3 for materials having an elongation of 20% or more in a length of 51 mm.
2. 3 - for materials having an elongation of from 15 to 20% of 51 mm.
3. 4 for materials having an elongation of from 10 to 15% in a length of 51 mm.
4. 5 for materials having an elongation of less than 10% in a length of 51 mm except that the cast
iron shall have a factor of safety of 10.

(c) Means for Determining Oil Level Oil buffers shall be approved by the enforcing authority subject to the
following.

1. The buffer shall be approved on a basis of engineering tests; made by a qualified testing laboratory
or by the manufacturer and witnesses by a representative of such a qualified testing laboratory. Tests shall be
made on a buffer of each type or design to be approved and having the following oil porting.

(a) The porting having the range of the maximum loads for which the buffer is designed.

(b) The porting having the range of the minimum loads for which the buffer is designed.

Car Frames with Crosshead Sheaves

Where a hoisting-rope sheave is mounted on the car frame, the construction shall conform to the following:

Where multiple mounted on separate sheave shafts are used, provision shall be made to take the
compressive forces, developed by tension in the hoisting ropes between the sheaves, on a strut or struts
between the sheave-shaft supports, or by providing additional compressive strength in the car frame or
car frame members supporting the sheave shafts.
Where the sheave extends through the web of the car-frame member, the reduction in area of the
member shall not reduce the strength of the member below that required. Where necessary, reinforcing
plates shall be welded or riveted to the members to provide the required strength.
Where the sheave is attached to the car crosshead by means of a single threaded rod or specially
designed member or members in tension, the following requirements shall be conformed to:
a. The single rod, member or members shall have a factor of safety 50% higher than the factor of
safety required for the suspension wire ropes. But in no case, shall have a factor of safety of less
than 15.
b. The means for fastening the single threaded rod, member or members to the car frame shall
conform to section 6.4.4.10.

Suspension-Rope Hitch Plates or Shapes

Where car is suspended by hoisting ropes attached to the car frame by means of rope shackles, the shackles shall be
attached to steel hitched plates or to structural or formed steel shapes. Such plates or shapes shall be secured to the
underside or to webs of the car frame member with bolts, rivets or welds so located will not develop direct tension in
the bolts or rivets.

Platform Side Braces

Where side bracing and similar members are attached to car frame uprights the reduction in area of the upright shall
not reduce the strength of the upright below that required by this section.

Hinged Platform Sills

Hinged platform sills shall conform to the following requirements:

The elevator shall be provided with electric contacts which will prevent operation of the elevator by the
normal operating unless the hinged sill is within 51 mm of tis fully retracted position, provided that when in
this position, the sill shall not reduce the clearance specified in section 6.3.8.4.
The elevator may be operated by the leveling device in the leveling zone with the sill in any position.
The strength of the sills shall conform to the requirements of section 6.3.9.6. (a).

Car Enclosures, Car Door and Gates, and Car Illumination (6.4.5):

Enclosure Required

Elevators shall be equipped with a car enclosure.

Securing of Enclosures

The enclosure shall be securely fastened to the car platform and so supported that it cannot loosen or become
displaced in ordinary service or on application of the car safety or on buffer engagement.

The car enclosure shall be so constructed that removable portions cannot be dismantled from within the car.

Deflection of Enclosure Walls

The enclosure walls shall be of such strength and so designed and supported that when subjected to a force of 35 kg
applied horizontally at any point on the walls of enclosure, the deflection will not reduce the running clearance below
the minimum specified in Sec. 6.3.8, or not to exceed 25 mm.

c) The elevator shall be used exclusively for passengers or exclusively for freight at any one time.
d) Each compartment shall conform to the requirements of this section that a trap door in the floor of
the upper compartment shall provide access to the top emergency exit for the lower compartment.

Top Emergency Exits

An emergency exit with a cover shall be provided in the top of all elevator cars and shall conform to the following
requirements:

e) The exit opening shall have an area of not less than 0.258 m2, and shall measure not less than 406 mm on
any side.
 f) The exit shall be so located as to provide a clear passageway unobstructed by fixed elevator equipment
located in or top of the car.
g) The exit cover shall open outward and shall be hinged or otherwise attached to the car top and so
arranged that the cover can be opened from the top of the car only.
h) The emergency exit cover, when opened, shall automatically actuate a switch to turn-off the power so
that the elevator shall be non-operable even with the restoration of power.

Car-Enclosure Tops

Tops of car enclosures shall be so designed and installed as to be capable of sustaining a load of 136 kg on any square
area 610 mm on a side and 45 kg applied at any point. Simultaneous application of these loads is not required.

Equipment Prohibited on Top of Cars

A working platform or equipment which is not required for the operation of the elevator or its appliances, except
where specifically provided herein, shall not be located above the top of an elevator car.

Glass in Elevator Cars

Glass may be used in elevator cars. Glass exceeding 0.093 m2 in area shall:

e) Be laminated;
f) Meet the requirements for laminated glass of ANSI Z97.1 except as to transparency;
g) Be installed and guarded so as to provide adequate protection for passengers in case the glass panels break or
are dislodge;
h) Be so mounted in the structure that the structure including the glass in place shall withstand the required
elevator tests without damage.

Equipment Prohibited Inside Cars

Apparatus or equipment other than that used in connection with the operation of the elevator, shall be installed inside
any elevator are:

Exceptions:

c) Railroad and conveyor tracks in freight elevators.

d) Lighting, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment.

Illumination of Cars and Lighting Fixtures

d) Illumination and Outlets Required Cars shall be provided with an electric light or lights conforming to the
following:
a. Not less than two lamps shall be provided.
b. The minimum Illumination at the car threshold, with the door closed, shall not be less than:
i. For passenger elevators: 54 lux
ii. For freight elevators: 27 lux
c. Passenger elevators shall be provided with an emergency lighting power source on each elevator
conforming to the following:
i. The emergency system shall provide some general illumination in the car. The intensity of
illumination 1, 220 mm above the car floor and approximately 305 in front of the car
 operating device shall be not less than 22 lux. Lights shall be automatically turned on in all
elevators in service immediately after normal car lighting power fails. The power system
shall be capable of maintaining the above light intensity for a period of at least 4 hours.
ii. Not less than two lamps of approximately equal wattage shall be used.
d. Each elevator shall be provided with an electric light and convenience outlet fixture on the car top.
e) Passenger-Car Lighting Devices Glass used for lighting fixtures shall conform to the requirements of section
6.4.5.7.

Suspended glass used in lighting fixtures shall be supported by a metal frame secured at not less than three
points. Fastening devices shall not be removable for the fixture. Glass shall not be drilled for attachment. Light
through supporting wiring equipment, where used, shall be of metal except where lined with non-combustible
materials.

Lighting arrangements using slow-burning combustible materials for diffusing and illumination purposes shall
be permitted providing such combustible materials do not come in contact with lighting equipment.

f) Protection of Light Bulbs and Tubes - Light bulbs and tubes shall be :
a. Installed and guarded so as to provide adequate protection in case the bulb or tube in the structure,
shall withstand the required elevator tests without damage.
b. Mounted in the structure, that the structure including the bulb or the tube in the structure, shall
withstand the required elevator tests without damage.

Car and Counterweight Safeties (6.4.6):

The car of every elevator suspended by wire ropes shall be provided with one or more car safety devices of one of
the types identified in Sec. 6.4.6.4. The safeties shall be attached to the car frame, and one safety shall be located
within or below the lower members of the car frame (safety plank).

Duplex Safeties Where duplex safeties are provided, the lower safety device shall be capable of developing not
less than one-half of the force required to stop the entire car with rated load. Duplex safety devices shall be
arranged so as to function approximately simultaneously. Type A or Type C safety devices shall not be used in
multiple (duplex).

Counterweight Safeties these shall conform to the requirements for car safeties.

Identification and Classification of Types of Safeties

Care safety devices (safeties) are identified ad classified on the basis of performance characteristics after the
safety begins to apply pressure on the guide rails. On this basis, there are three types of safeties:

d) Type A Safeties safeties which develop a rapidly increasing pressure on the guide rails during the
stopping interval, the stopping distance being very short due to the inherent design of the safety. The
operating force is derived entirely from the mass and the motion of the car or the counterweight being
stopped. These safeties apply pressure on the guide rails through eccentrics, rollers or similar devise,
without any flexible medium purposely introduced to limit the retarding force and increase the stopping
distance.
e) Type B Safeties Safeties which apply limited pressure on the guide rails during the stopping interval, and
which provide stopping distances that are related to the mass being stopped and the speed at which the
application of the safety is initiated. Retarding forces are reasonably uniform after the safety is fully
 applied. Continuous tension in the governor rope may or may not be required to operate the safety
during the entire stopping interval.
f) Type C Safeties (Type A with Oil Buffers) Safeties which develop retarding forces during the compression
stroke of one or more oil buffers interposed between the lower members of the car frame and a
governor0operated type A auxiliary safety plank applied on the guide rails. The stopping distance is equal
to the effective stroke of the buffers.

Safeties to Stop Ascending Cars or Counterweight Prohibited Safeties shall not stop an ascending car or
counterweight.

(a) Car safeties, and counterweight safeties where provided, shall be actuated by separate speed governors.

Exception: Speed governor are not required for the operation of counterweight safeties of elevators having a rated
speed of not more than 0.75 m/s.

(b) Every car safety shall be provided with switch operated by the car safety mechanism. This switch shall conform
to the requirements of Section 6.4.7.5.

6.4.6.7 Type A (instantaneous) safeties. Type A safeties may be used on elevators having a rated speed of not more
than 0.76 m/s. When over-speeding occurs, with the hoisting rope intact, such safeties shall be actuated by the
governor.

On the parting of the hoisting ropes (free fall). type A governor operated safeties shall apply without appreciable
delay, and their application shall be independent of the speed action of the governor and of the location of the
break in the hoisting ropes (inertia application), and may be accomplished by the use of a governor and governor
rigging having a sufficiently high value of inertia to apply the safety on the free fall independently of the speed
action of the governor.

(a) Type C (Combination Instantaneous and Oil Buffer Safety). Type C safeties may be used subject to the
following requirements:

(1) The rated speed shall be no more than 2.54 m/s.

(2) The oil buffers shall conform to all requirements specified in Section 6.4.2 for oil buffers, except that the
stroke shall be based on governor tripping speed and on an average retardation not exceeding 9.81 m/ 2 ,

(3) After the buffer stroke, as defined in Sec. 6.4.6.7(2) has been completed, provision shall be made for an
additional travel to the plunger or piston of not less than 10% of the buffer to prevent excessive impact on the
buffer parts and the auxiliary safety plank.

(4) Where the distance between guide rails exceeds 2 440 mm, the safety shall be provided with two oil
buffers of substantially identical calibration, and the buffers shall be located as to develop minimum stresses
auxiliary safety plank during safety operation.

Buffers shall be located in line with and symmetrically between the guide rails.

(5) The auxiliary safety plank shall be so supported and guided below the car frame that the clearances for the
safety parts are maintained during normal operation.
 The auxiliary safety plank shall be so designed that the maximum stresses in the plank shall no exceed those
specified for similar car-frame-members in Section 6.4.4.

(6) The rail-gripping device of the auxiliary safety plank shall be so arranged and connected as to prevent the
plank from being out of level more than 13 mm in the length of the plank when the safety is operated to stop the
car.

(7) An electric switch shall be provided and so arranged and connected that the elevator cannot be operated
by means of the normal operating device if any buffer is compressed more than 10% of its stroke.

(8) Means shall be provided to prevent operation of the elevator by means of the normal operating device if
the oil level in any buffer is below the minimum allowable level.

6.4.6.8 Compensating Rope Tie-Down. For rated speeds greater than 3.56 m/s, a device shall be provided to tie the car
and counterweight together to limit the jump of the car counterweight as a result of buffer engagement or application
of car or counterweight safety.

6.4.7 Speed Governors

6.4.7.1 Car Speed Governors

(a) Car safeties, and counterweight safeties where furnished shall be actuated by separate governors.

Exception: Speed governors are not required for the operation of safeties of counterweight of elevators having
rated speed of not more than 0.76 m/s (see Sec.6.4.6.3 and 6.4.6.6.

(b) The governor shall be located where it cannot be struck by the car or the counter weight in case of over
travel, and where there is adequate space for full movement of governor parts.

6.4.7.2 Car Speed Governors. Speed governors for car safeties shall be set to trip at car speeds as follows:

(a) At not less than 115% of the rated speed.

(b) Maximum tripping speeds for intermediate rated speed shall be determined from Fig 6.4.7.2. For
rated speeds exceeding 7.62 m/s, the maximum tripping speeds shall not exceed 120% of the rated speed.

6.4.7.3 Counterweight Speed Governors. Speed governors, where provided for counterweight safeties, shall be set to
trip at an over-speed greater than that at which the car speed governor is set to trip, but not more than 10% higher.

6.4.7.4 Sealing and Painting of Speed Governors. Speed governors shall have their means of speed adjustment sealed
after test. If speed governors are painted after sealing, all bearing and rubbing surfaces shall be kept free or freed of
paint and a hand test made to determine that all parts operate freely as intended. Seals shall be of a type which will
prevent readjustment of the governor tripping speed without breaking the seal.

6.4.7.5 Speed Governor Over-speed and Car-Safety-Mechanism Switches

(a) Where Required. A switch shall be provided on the speed governor and operated by the over-speed action
of the governor when used with type B and C car safeties of elevators having a rated speed exceeding 0.76 m/s. A
switch shall be provided on the speed governor when used with a counterweight safety for any car speed.
 For static control, an over-speed switch shall be provided regardless of rated speed and shall operate in both
directions of travel.

Every car safety shall be provided with a switch operated by the car safety mechanism when the safety is
applied.

These switches when operated shall remove power from the driving-machine motor and brake before or at
the time of application of the safety.

6.4.7.6 Governor Ropes

(a) Material and Factor of Safety. Governor ropes shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze, or
stainless steel. They shall be of regular-lay construction, and not less than 9.5 mm in dia. Tiller-rope construction
shall not be used. The factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than 5.

(b) Replacement of Existing Governor Ropes. Replacement of Governor ropes shall be of the same size,
material and construction as the rope originally furnished by the elevator manufacturer, except that a rope of the
same size but of either different material or construction may be employed and a test is made of the car or
counterweight safety and speed governor with a new rope to demonstrate that the safety will function.

(c) Splicing Governor Ropes. Governor ropes shall not be lengthened or repaired by splicing.

(d) Governor Rope Tag. A metal data tag shall be securely attached to the governor rope fastening. This data
tag shall bear the following wire rope data:

(1) The diameter in mm.

(2) The manufacturers rated breaking strength.

(3) The grade of material used.

(4) The month and year the rope was installed.

(5) Whether non-performed or preformed.

(6) Construction Classification.

(7) Name of the person or firm who installed the rope.

(8) Name of the manufacturer of the rope.

A new tag shall be installed at each rope renewal.

6.4.7.7 Speed- Governor Marking Plate. A metal plate shall be securely attached to each speed governor and shall be
marked in a legible and permanent manner with letters and figures not less than 6.3 mm in height indicating the ff:

(a) The speed in metre per minute at which the governor is set and sealed to trip the governor- ripe-
grip jaws.
(b) The size, material and construction of the governor rope on which the governor jaws were
designed to operate.
6.4.8 Capacity and Loading

Exception:

Hospital Bed Elevators: Wherein the ratio between net area and net load shall be not more than 0.004
square meters per kilogram.

6.4.8.1Minimum Rated Load for Passenger Elevators

(a) All concrete or steel building with more than three stories shall be advised to install passenger elevators.

(b) Fir determining number of elevators the following shall be used as basis:

(1) There shall be one elevator per 220 persons occupying building other than first floor.

(2) By floor area, 9.3 m2 of floor area is average density of occupany per person.

(3) Floor area divided by 9.3 equal number of persons.

(4) Number of person divided by 220 is number of elevators.

(c) For determining capacities of elevators the following shall be used as basis for elevator or elevators capacities.
This is on basis of carrying within 5 minutes the following percentage of building occupants as follows:

(1) For apartments 8-10%

(2) For offices 10-13%

(3) For dept. stores 13-15%

(d) The following formulas shall be used for determining the maximum rated load of passenger elevators:

(1) For an elevator having an inside net platform area of not more than 4.65 m2
= 35.13 ()2 + 326.224 ()

where

W= max. rated load kgs.

A = area, 2
(2) For an elevator having an inside net platform area of more than 4.65 2
= 2.4582 + 611.36 621.4

Table 6.4.8.1
Maximum Inside Net Platform Areas for the Various Rated Loads

Rated Load, lb Inside Net Platform Area, Rated Load, lb Inside Net Platform Area,
ft^2 ft^2

500 7.0 5000 50.0

600 8.3 6000 57.7

 700 9.6 7000 65.3

1000 13.25 8000 72.9

1200 15.6 9000 80.5

1500 18.9 10 000 88.0

1800 22.1 12 000 103.0

2000 24.2 15 000 125.1

2500 29.1 18 000 146.9

3000 33.7 20 000 161.2

3500 38.0 25000 196.5

4000 42.2 30 000 231.0

4500 46.6

* To allow for variations in cab designs, an increase in the maximum inside net platform are no exceeding 5%, shall
be permitted for the various rated loads.

Note:

kg = lb x 0.454

2 = 2 0.0929

6.4.8.2 Use of partitions for Reducing inside Net Platform Area. Where partitions are installed in elevator cars for the
purpose of restricting the platform net area for passenger use, they shall be permanently bolted, riveted or welded in
place. Gates, doors or handrails shall not be used for this purpose. Partitions shall be so installed as to provide for
approximately symmetrical loading.

6.4.8.3 Carrying of Freight on Passenger Elevators. When freight is to be carried on passenger elevator, the following
requirements shall be conformed to:

(a) The minimum rated load shall be conform to the requirements of section 6.4.8.1 or 6.4.8.4 which
ever is greater;
(b) The elevator shall be designed for applicable class of freight elevator loading.

6.4.8.4 Minimum Load Permitted. The minimum rated load of freight elevators in kilograms shall be based on the
weight and class of the load to be handled.

6.4.8.5 Carrying of Passengers on Freight Elevators. Freight Elevators shall not be permitted to carry
passengers.

Exceptions:
 (a) Elevators not permitted to carry employees may, in case of fire, panic, or similar emergencies, carry
passengers not greater in number than the rated load divided by 150.

(b) Elevators, not accessible to the general public, may carry employees, provided special permission
to do so is granted by the enforcing authority, subject to the following conditions:
(1) The rated load of the elevator shall be not less than that required for a passenger of
equivalent inside net platform area as required by Section 6.4.8.1.
( 2) Hoistway entrances and car doors or gates shall conform to the requirement of the ff
rule:
(a) Hoistway entrances: Section 6.3.9.
Such elevators may carry any class of passengers in case of fire, panic, or similar
emergencies.

6.4.8.6 Signs Required. Signs, shall be provided inside the car and shall be located in a conspicuous position and
permanently and securely fastened to the car enclosure subject to the following requirements:

(a) In every freight elevator, the sign shall specify the type of loading for which the elevator is
designed and installed, with one of the following markings:
(1) THIS ELEVATOR DESIGNED FOR GENERAL FREIGHT LOADING
(2) THIS ELEVATOR DESIGNED FOR MOTOR-VEHICLE LOADING
(3) THIS ELEVATOR DESINGED FOR LOADED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK WEIGHT ______KG. MAXIMUM.
(b) In elevators not permitted to carry passengers, the sign shall read: THIS IS NOT A PASSENGER
ELEVATOR, NO PERSON OTHER THAN THE OPERATOR AND FREIGHT HANDLERS ARE PERMITTED TO RIDE ON
THIS ELEVATOR
(c) In elevators permitted to carry employees subject to the requirements of Section 6.4.8.5 the sign
shall read: NO PASSENGERS EXCEPT EMPLOYEES PERMITTED.

6.4.8.7 Carrying of One-Piece Loads Exceeding the Rated Load. Passenger and freight elevator may be used, where
necessary, to carry one-piece loads greater than their rated load provided they are designed, installed and operated to
conform to the following, requirements:

(a) A locking device shall be provided which will hold the car at any landing independently of the
hoisting ropes while the car is being loaded or unloaded.
(b) The locking device shall be so designed that it cannot be unlocked unless and until the entire
weight of the car and load is suspended on the ropes.
(c) A removable wrench or other device shall be provided to operate the locking device.
(d) The locking device shall be so designed that the locking bars will be automatically withdrawn
should they come in contact with the landing locks when the car is operated in the up direction.
(e) A special capacity plate shall be provided inside the elevator car and located in a conspicuous
place which shall bear the words, CAPACITY LIFTING ONE-PIECE LOADS, in letters followed by figures giving
the special capacity in kgs for lifting one-piece loads for which the machine is designed
(f) The car frame, car platform, sheaves, shafts, ropes and locking device shall be designed for the
specified Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads, provided that:
(1) in the design of the car frame, platform, sheaves, shafts, and ropes, the allowable
stresses may be 20% higher than those permitted for normal loading;
(2) the factor of safety for the locking device shall not be less than 5.
(g) The car safeties shall be designed to stop and hold the specified Capacity Lifting One-Piece Load,
with the ropes intact.
 (h) Where there is an occupied space, or an unoccupied space not secured against unauthorized
access under the hoistway, the following requirements shall be conformed to:
(1) The machine shall be designed to operate with the Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads at
slow speed; the car safety shall be designed to stop and hold the car with this load independently of the
hoisting ropes;
(2) the counterweight safety, shall be designed to stop and hold the entire weight of the
counterweight independently of the ropes.
(i) For traction machine, where necessary to secure adequate traction, additional counterweight shall
be added during the period of use with one-piece loads so that the total over-balance is at least equal to 45%
of the Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads.
(j) A special operating device of the car switch or continuous-pressure type shall be provided in the
machine room, located near the driving machine, to operate the elevator. When this device is operative all
other operating devices shall be inoperative. (see Sec. 6.4.11.1).
(k) The Capacity Lifting One-Piece Loads of any passenger traction elevator shall not exceed 1 1/3
time the rated load of the elevator.

6.4.8.8 Additional Requirements for Passenger Overload. Passenger elevators and freight elevators permitted by
Section 6.4.8.5 to carry employees shall be designed and installed to safely lower, stop and hold the car with an
addition load up to 25% in excess of the rated load.

6.4.9 Driving Machine and Sheaves

6.4.9.1 Type of Driving Machines

(a) All driving machines shall be of the traction type.

Exceptions:
(1) Winding-drum machines may be used for freight elevators subject to the ff:
(a) They shall not be provided with counterweights.
(b) The rated speed of elevator shall not exceed 0.25 m/s.
(c) The travel of the elevator car shall not exceed 12.2 m
(2) Screw machines conforming to the requirements of Section 6.4.9.5.
(b) The installation of belt-drive and chain-drive machine is prohibited.

6.4.9.2 Material and Grooving for Sheaves and Drums. Sheaves and drums used with suspension and compensating
ropes shall:

(a) be of metal and provided with finished grooved for ropes. The grooves of sheaves not used to transmit
power may be lined with non-metallic material. The grooves of sheaves used to transmit power may be lined with
non-metallic material provided that in the event the lining should fail, there will be sufficient traction still available
in the groove to safely stop and hold the car with 125% of the rated load.

(b) have a pitch diameter of not less than:

(1) 40 times the diameter of the rope, where used with suspension ropes;
(2) 32 times the diameter of the rope, where used with compensating ropes.

6.4.9.3 Factor of Safety for Driving Machines and Sheaves. The factor of safety, based on the ultimate strength of the
material, to be used in the design of driving machines and in the design of sheaves used with suspension and
compensating ropes shall be not less than:

(a) 8 for steel, bronze, or for other metals having an elongation of at least 14% in a length of 51 mm.
 (b) 10 for cast iron, or for other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in a length of 51mm.

The load to be used in determining the factor of safety shall be the resultant of the maximum tensions in the
ropes leading from the sheaves or drum with elevator at rest and with rated load in the car.

6.4.9.4 Driving-Machine Brakes. The elevator driving machine shall be equipped with a friction brake applied by a
springs, or by gravity, and released electrically. The brake shall be designed to have a capacity sufficient to hold the car
at rest with its rated load [see also Section 6.4.8.8.)]

6.4.9.5 Screw Machines. Screw machines shall be of the uncounterweighted type and shall conform to the
requirements of the section and to the following.

(a) The rated speed shall not exceed 0.25 m/s.

(b) A car safety device conforming to the requirements of Section 6.4.6 shall be provided unless other means
are provided to limit the down speed of the car with rated load to not over 0.89m/s if there is a failure of the
driving means.

REFFERENCE:

PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL CODE