Although / though / even though In spite of / despite Study this example situation: Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea, I rained a Jot but they enjoyed themselves. You can say: Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (= Te rained a lot but they...) or In spite of } the rain, they enjoyed themselves. Despite After although we use a subject + verb: © Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. © Ididn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications. Compare the meaning of although and because: We went out although it was raini © We didn’t go out because it was raining. Aer in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (chisithat/what etc.] or -ing: © In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. © I didn’t get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications. © She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work. © In spite of what I said yesterday, I stil love you. Despite is the same as in spite of. Note that we say ‘in spite of, but despite (without ‘oP © She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work. (ror ‘despite of this’) ‘You can say ‘in spite of the fact (that)..’ and ‘despite the fact (that). ae «ap { itt spite of the fact (chat) © didn’t get the job { despite the fact (that) Compare in spite of and because of: ® We went out in spite of the rain, (or ..despite the rain,) # We didn’t go out because of the rain. Thad all the necessary qualifications. Compare although and in spite of / despite: © Although the traffic was bad, In spite of the traffic, , although Twas very tired. © Tcouldn'c sleep { despite being very tired. } arrived on time. (of ‘in spite of the traffic was bad’) (not ‘despite I was tired’) Sometimes we use though instead of although: © didn’t get the job though I had all the necessary qualifications. In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence: © ‘The house isn’t very nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden) © Issee him every day. I've never spoken to him though. (= but I've never spoken to him) Even though (but 2ot ‘even’ alone] is a stronger form of although: © Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep. (or ‘Even I was really tired. even > RIN= Tdidn’t speak the language Thad never seen her before we don’t like them very much it was quite cold the heating was on Pd met her twice before we've known each other for a long time 7 [didn't recognise her . EXERCISES Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box. . Although he hae.a very, mpertart eb he isn’t particularly well-paid. , Trecognised her from a photograph. 1. Dn 3 She wasn't wearing a coat 4 We thought we'd better im 3. oo 6 e them site party ., [managed to make myself understood. se , the room wasn't warm. 8 We're not very good friends... Complete the sentences with although / in spite of / because / because of. 1 ..Although.... it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. DB concen all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong. B coon we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 3a Iwent home early . smasoms Lwas feeling unwell. Iwas still feeling unwell. he salary, which was very high. the salary, which was rather low. snus there Was a lot of noise. «the noise. b Twent to work the next day 4a She only accepted the job...... b She accepted the job .... 5 a Imanaged to get to sleep .. b Lcouldn’e get to sleep wn.snn . Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences: 6 a He passed the exam although . b He passed the exam because 7 a didn’t eat anything alchough.. b [didn’t eat anything in spite of... Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences, 1 Icouldn’t sleep. I was tired. (despite) ... couldn't sleep despite being tired... 2. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of) ln spite of .. 3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village. (although) 4 Lenjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of) 5. We live in the same street, We hardly ever see each other. (despite) 6 I got very wet in the rain, I had an umbrella. (even though) Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end. 1 The house isn’t very nice. (like / garden) e. the garden though, 2 Ws quite warm, (a bit windy) ... 3 We didn’t like the food. (ate) 4 Lizis very nice. (don’t like / husband) 1 J UNIT 112