V.

DATA PENGAMATAN
5.1 Kalibrasi Laju Alir

Q Manometer (L/h) Ember Kosong (kg) Berat air (Kg) Rata-rata (Kg) Q Kalibrasi (Kg/h)
100 0.58 3.08 3.16 3.12 186.826347
150 0.58 4.1 4.08 4.09 244.91018
200 0.58 4.98 5.12 5.05 302.39521
250 0.58 5.86 5.88 5.87 351.497006
300 0.58 6.8 6.64 6.72 402.39521

5.2 Pemanasan Langsung

P = 0.25 gauge

Waktu Tekanan Laju alir umpan T11 T7 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (Kg/h) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
60 0.25 186.8263473 95 28.3 0.7 2.1

60 0.25 244.9101796 90 26.6 0.2 3.1

60 0.25 302.3952096 85 26.8 0.2 4.07

60 0.25 351.497006 80 26.9 0.08 4.56

60 0.25 402.3952096 70 26.8 0.06 5.08

P = 0.5 gauge

Waktu Tekanan Laju alir umpan T11 T7 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (kg/h) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
0.12 3.82
60 0.5 100 90 26.9
0.1 4.1
60 0.5 150 90 27
0.18 5.06
60 0.5 200 90 27
0.28 5.18
60 0.5 250 85 27.1
0.2 7.3
60 0.5 300 75 27.2
 P = 0.75 gauge

Waktu Tekanan Laju alir umpan T11 T7 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (kg/h) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
60 0.75 186.8263473 98 27.2 0.04 3.2
60 0.75 244.9101796 98 27.2 0.02 4.16
60 0.75 302.3952096 95 27.3 0.12 5.22
60 0.75 351.497006 89 27.3 0.34 6.76
60 0.75 402.3952096 80 27.3 0.16 7.08

P = 1 gauge

Waktu Tekanan Laju alir umpan T11 T7 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (Kg/h) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
60 1.00 186.8263473 98 27.5 0.12 3.52

60 1.00 244.9101796 99 27.6 0.12 4.12

60 1.00 302.3952096 97 27.6 0.16 5.34

60 1.00 351.497006 93 27.7 0.14 5.76

60 1.00 402.3952096 74 27.3 0.12 7.12

5.3 Pemanasan Tak Langsung

P = 0.1 gauge

Waktu Tekanan Laju alir umpan T4 T7 T8 T11 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (Kg/h) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)

60 0.10 186.8263473 108.9 40 123.8 79 0.06 3.26

60 0.10 244.9101796 106.8 28 124.6 77 0.1 4.22

60 0.10 302.3952096 107 28.1 122.4 74 0.06 5.22

60 0.10 351.497006 104.1 27.6 119.7 68 0.12 6.14

60 0.10 402.3952096 94.8 27.4 118 60 2.22 6.94

 P = 0.2 gauge

Laju alir
Waktu Tekanan umpan T4 T7 T8 T11 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (Kg/h) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
60 0.20 186.8263473 91.3 27.5 111 70 0.1 3.24

60 0.20 244.9101796 89.4 28.3 109.4 66 0.06 4.18

60 0.20 302.3952096 88.6 27.9 108.3 65 0.88 4.94

60 0.20 351.497006 91.2 27.5 110.6 60 0.16 6.18

60 0.20 402.3952096 95.5 27.4 117.4 58 0.26 7.52

P = 0.3 gauge

Laju alir
Waktu Tekanan umpan T4 T7 T8 T11 berat kondensat berat produk pekat
(s) (gauge) (Kg/h) (oC) (oC) (oC) (oC) (Kg) (Kg)
60 0.30 186.8263473 99.7 28 119.9 74 0.06 3.24

60 0.30 244.9101796 100.7 27.7 120.8 74 0.3 4.5

60 0.30 302.3952096 97.1 28.6 117.4 68 0.18 5.36

60 0.30 351.497006 96.2 27.8 116.2 65 0.12 5.9

60 0.30 402.3952096 96.5 27.4 117.2 64 0.08 6.8

 VII. TABEL PERHITUNGAN

7.1 Pemanasan Langsung

1. Tekanan 0,25 bar

Laju alir
umpan
Qfeed Qsteam P+1 T11 T (P+1) T1 T2 Tm Effisiensi U SE

186.8263473 3173.049 1570.646 2243.78 2269.5 105.95 77.65 10.95 34.05021 2.020219 230.6368 1.448246
244.9101796 3327.462 448.756 2243.78 2282 105.95 79.35 15.95 39.51609 7.414858 56.78142 4.909182
302.3952096 3457.925 448.756 2243.78 2295 105.95 79.15 20.95 43.78553 7.705579 51.24478 4.849601
351.497006 4302.953 179.5024 2243.78 2308 105.95 79.05 25.95 47.66996 23.97156 18.82762 16.22854
402.3952096 5011.67 134.6268 2243.78 2333 105.95 79.15 35.95 54.73789 37.22639 12.29741 27.10978

2. Tekanan 0.5 bar

Laju alir
umpan
Qfeed Qsteam P+1 T11 T (P+1) T1 T2 Tm Effisiensi U SE

186.8263473 -786.399 267.144 2226.2 2282 111.4 84.5 21.4 45.94569 -2.94373 29.07172 -5.88523
244.9101796 1038.604 222.62 2226.2 2282 111.4 84.4 21.4 45.91246 4.665369 24.24396 -0.18164
302.3952096 1287.741 400.716 2226.2 2282 111.4 84.4 21.4 45.91246 3.213599 43.63913 -0.11155
351.497006 2981.278 623.336 2226.2 2295 111.4 84.3 26.4 49.87003 4.782778 62.49605 2.422441
402.3952096 -30.6009 445.24 2226.2 2320.5 111.4 84.2 36.4 56.99798 -0.06873 39.05752 -2.96707
 3. Tekanan 0,75 bar
Laju alir
umpan
Qfeed Qsteam P+1 T11 T (P+1) T1 T2 Tm Effisiensi U SE

186.8263473 730.8647 88.53 2213.25 2262 116.05 88.85 18.05 44.42203 8.255559 9.964651 -2.15569
244.9101796 1036.969 44.265 2213.25 2262 116.05 88.85 18.05 44.42203 23.42638 4.982325 -3.90818
302.3952096 1024.36 265.59 2213.25 2269.5 116.05 88.75 21.05 47.04908 3.856921 28.22478 -1.50067
351.497006 -540.052 752.505 2213.25 2282.5 116.05 88.75 27.05 51.93006 -0.71767 72.4537 -2.65211
402.3952096 622.5983 354.12 2213.25 2308 116.05 88.75 36.05 58.49598 1.758156 30.26875 -2.33383

4. Tekanan 1 bar

Laju alir
umpan
Qfeed Qsteam P+1 T11 T (P+1) T1 T2 Tm Effisiensi U SE

186.8263473 3.101317 264.192 2201.6 2262 120.2 92.7 22.2 49.32567 0.011739 26.78038 -3.38523
244.9101796 1137.83 264.192 2201.6 2259.5 120.2 92.6 21.2 48.43016 4.306831 27.27557 -0.31803
302.3952096 789.5051 352.256 2201.6 2264.5 120.2 92.6 23.2 50.13955 2.241282 35.12756 -1.8755
351.497006 1830.238 308.224 2201.6 2274.5 120.2 92.5 27.2 53.35004 5.938014 28.88695 0.702025
402.3952096 355.0711 264.192 2201.6 2323 120.2 92.9 46.2 66.85336 1.343989 19.75907 -3.44511
 7.2 Pemanasan Tak Langsung

1. P = 0,1 gauge

W
Laju alir
umpan
W
kondensat
produk W feed W sirkulasi T1
(FFE)
T2
(FFE)
Tm
(FFE)
Q AIR Q STEAM (HEATER) (FFE) U (FFE) SE
pekat (P+1)
-
186.8263473 0.06 3.26 3.113772 166.666667 2250.8 14.9 39 25.046757 10430 135.048 77.23179906 0.048901 2082.106
2.43713
-
244.9101796 0.1 4.22 4.081836 166.666667 2250.8 17.8 49 30.811107 12460 225.08 55.3580949 0.067419 2021.998
1.38164
-
302.3952096 0.06 5.22 5.03992 166.666667 2250.8 15.4 45.9 27.927907 10780 135.048 79.82347017 0.090129 1929.969
3.00133
-
351.497006 0.12 6.14 5.858283 166.666667 2250.8 15.6 40.4 26.062497 10920 270.096 40.43006931 0.091029 2094.964
2.34764
-
402.3952096 2.22 6.94 6.706587 166.666667 2250.8 23.2 32.6 27.634054 16240 4996.776 3.250095662 0.056543 2938.403
0.10514

2. P= 0,2 gauge

W
Laju alir
umpan
W
kondensat
produk W feed W sirkulasi T1
(FFE)
T2
(FFE)
Tm (FFE) Q AIR Q STEAM (HEATER) (FFE) U (FFE) SE
pekat (P+1)
186.8263473 0.1 3.24 3.113772 166.666667 2244.1 19.7 42.5 29.653312 13790 224.41 61.45002451 0.040305 2325.204 -1.26228
244.9101796 0.06 4.18 4.081836 166.666667 2244.1 20 37.7 27.92116 14000 134.646 103.9763528 0.046166 2507.059 -1.63606
302.3952096 0.88 4.94 5.03992 166.666667 2244.1 19.7 37.1 27.488224 13790 1974.808 6.982957331 0.056949 2508.347 0.113546
351.497006 0.16 6.18 5.858283 166.666667 2244.1 19.4 32.5 25.389219 13580 359.056 37.82139833 0.058885 2674.363 -2.01073
402.3952096 0.26 7.52 6.706587 166.666667 2244.1 21.9 30.6 26.007929 15330 583.466 26.27402454 0.056225 2947.178 -3.12851
 3. P= 0,3 gauge

W
Laju alir
umpan
W
kondensat
produk W feed W sirkulasi T1
(FFE)
T2
(FFE)
Tm
(FFE)
Q AIR
Q
STEAM
(HEATER) (FFE) U (FFE) SE
pekat (P+1)
186.8263473 0.06 3.24 3.113772 166.666667 2237.8 20.2 46 31.350294 14140 134.268 105.3117645 0.042545 2255.162 -2.10379
244.9101796 0.3 4.5 4.081836 166.666667 2237.8 20.1 46.3 31.398975 14070 671.34 20.95808383 0.056415 2240.519 -1.39388
302.3952096 0.18 5.36 5.03992 166.666667 2237.8 20.3 39.4 28.80215 14210 402.804 35.2777033 0.058691 2466.83 -1.77822
351.497006 0.12 5.9 5.858283 166.666667 2237.8 20 37.2 27.716164 14000 268.536 52.1345369 0.065378 2525.602 -0.34764
402.3952096 0.08 6.8 6.706587 166.666667 2237.8 20.7 36.6 27.89892 14490 179.024 80.93886853 0.071148 2596.875 -1.16766
 LAMPIRAN

Menghitung Berat Feed

3 13 1000
Berat feed (kg) = ( ) (10003) ( ) (1 60)
3
a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
3 13 1000 1
Berat feed (kg) = (186,826 ) (10003) ( ) (60)
3
Berat feed = 3,1137725 kg

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

3 13 1000 1
Berat feed (kg) = (244,91 ) (10003) ( ) (60)
3
Berat feed = 4,081 kg

c. Laju alir umpan 302, 39 l/jam

3 13 1000 1
Berat feed (kg) = (302, 39 ) (10003) ( ) (60)
3
Berat feed = 5,0399 kg

d. Laju alir umpan 351, 49 l/jam

3 13 1000 1
Berat feed (kg) = (351,49 ) (10003) ( ) (60)
3
Berat feed = 5,858 kg

e. Laju alir umpan 402, 39 l/jam

3 13 1000 1
Berat feed (kg) = (402, 39 ) (10003) ( ) (60)
3
Berat feed = 6,706 kg

A. Pemanasan Langsung

Menghitung Effisiensi () Pada Falling Film Evaporator

Cp = 4,2 J/kgoC

() ( ) (117)()+(( )11

Effisiensi = ()(+1)

Pada Tekanan 0,25 gauge (1,25 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 28.3 oC
T11 = 95 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (9528.3)()2269.5

Effisiensi = 0.7 2243.78
Effisiensi = 2.02

b. Laju alir umpan 244,911 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.6 oC
T11 = 90 oC

4.08 4,2 ( ) (9026.6)()2282

Effisiensi = 0.2 2243.78
Effisiensi = 7.41

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.8 oC
T11 = 85 oC

5.04 4,2 ( ) (8526.8)()2295

Effisiensi = 0.2 2243.78
Effisiensi = 7.7

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.9 oC
T11 = 80 oC

5.85 4,2 ( ) (8026.9)()2308

Effisiensi = 0.08 2243.78
Effisiensi = 23.97

e. Laju alir umpan 402.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.8 oC
T11 = 70 oC

6.7 4,2 ( ) (7026.8)()2333

Effisiensi = 0.06 2243.78
Effisiensi = 37.2

Pada Tekanan 0.5 gauge (1.5 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.9 oC
T11 = 90 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (9026.9)()2282

Effisiensi = 0.12 2226.2
Effisiensi = -2.94
b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam
T7 = 27 oC
T11 = 90 oC

4.08 4,2 ( ) (9027)()2282

Effisiensi = 0.1 2226.2
Effisiensi = 4.66

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27 oC
T11 = 90 oC

5.04 4,2 ( ) (9027)()2282

Effisiensi = 0.18 2226.2
Effisiensi = 3.21

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.1 oC
T11 = 85 oC

5.85 4,2 ( ) (8527.1)()2295

Effisiensi = 0.28 2226.2
Effisiensi = 4.78

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.2 oC
T11 = 75 oC

6.7 4,2 ( ) (7527.2)()2320.5

Effisiensi = 0.2 2226.2
Effisiensi = 0

Pada Tekanan 0.75 gauge (1.75 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 27.2 oC
T11 = 98 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (9827.2)()2262

Effisiensi = 0.04 2213.25
Effisiensi = 8.25

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

 T7 = 27.2 oC
T11 = 98 oC

4.08 4,2 ( ) (9827.2)()2262

Effisiensi = 0.02 2213.25
Effisiensi = 23.42

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 95 oC

5.04 4,2 ( ) (9527.3)()2269.5

Effisiensi = 0.12 2213.25
Effisiensi = 3.85

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 89 oC

5.85 4,2 ( ) (8927.3)()2282.5

Effisiensi = 0.34 2213.25
Effisiensi = -0.71

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 80 oC

6.7 4,2 ( ) (8027.3)()2308

Effisiensi = 0.16 2213.25
Effisiensi = 1.75

Pada Tekanan 1 gauge (2 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 27.5 oC
T11 = 98 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (9827.5)()2262

Effisiensi = 0.12 2201.6
Effisiensi = 0.011

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.6 oC
T11 = 99 oC

4.08 4,2 ( ) (9927.6)()2259.5

Effisiensi = 0.12 2201.6
Effisiensi = 4.3
 c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam
T7 = 27.6 oC
T11 = 97 oC

5.04 4,2 ( ) (9727.6)()2264.5

Effisiensi = 0.16 2201.6
Effisiensi = 2.24

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.7 oC
T11 = 93 oC

5.85 4,2 ( ) (9327.7)()2274.5

Effisiensi = 0.14 2201.6
Effisiensi = 5.93

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 74 oC

6.7 4,2 ( ) (7427.3)()2323

Effisiensi = 0.12 2201.6
Effisiensi = 1.34

Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas dalam FFE (U)

Cp = 4,2 J/kgoC

A = 0,2 m2

T1 = T(p+1) T7

T2 = T(p+1) T11
T1 T2
TM = T1
ln( )
T2

Qsteam = ()( + 1)

U = Tm

Pada Tekanan 0,25 gauge (1,25 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 28.3 oC
T11 = 95 oC
 T(p+1) = 105.95 oC

T1 = 105.95 oC 28.3 oC
T1 = 77.65 oC
T2 = 105.95 oC 95 oC
T2 = 10.95 oC

77.65 oC10.95 oC
TM = 77.65 oC
ln( )
10.95 oC
TM = 34.05oC

Qsteam = 0.7 2243.78

Qsteam = 1570.646 J
1570.646 J
U = 0,2 2 34.05Oc
U = 230,6368 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.6 oC
T11 = 90 oC
T(p+1) = 105.95 oC

T1 = 105.95 oC 26.6 oC
T1 = 79.35 oC
T2 = 105.95 oC 90 oC
T2 = 15.95 oC

79.35 oC15.95 oC
TM = 79.35 oC
ln( )
15.95 oC
TM = 39.51oC

Qsteam =0.2 2243.78

Qsteam = 448.756 J
448.756 J
U = 0,2 2 39.51Oc
U = 56.78 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.8 oC
T11 = 85 oC
T(p+1) = 105.95 oC
 T1 = 105.95 oC 26.8 oC
T1 = 79.15 oC
T2 = 105.95 oC 85 oC
T2 = 20.95 oC

79.15 oC20.95 oC
TM = 79.15 oC
ln( )
20.95 oC
TM = 43.78oC

Qsteam =0.2 2243.78

Qsteam = 448.756 J
448.756 J
U = 0,2 2 43.78Oc
U = 51.24 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.9 oC
T11 = 80 oC
T(p+1) = 105.95 oC

T1 = 105.95 oC 26.9 oC
T1 = 79.05 oC
T2 = 105.95 oC 80 oC
T2 = 25.95 oC

79.05 oC25.95 oC
TM = 79.05 oC
ln( )
25.95 oC
TM = 47.67oC

Qsteam =0.08 2243.78

Qsteam = 179.5024
179.5024 J
U = 0,2 2 47.67oC
U = 18.82 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 26.8 oC
T11 = 70 oC
T(p+1) = 105.95 oC

T1 = 105.95 oC 26.8 oC
T1 = 79.15 oC
 T2 = 105.95 oC 70 oC
T2 = 35.95 oC

79.15 oC35.95 oC
TM = 79.15 oC
ln( )
35.95 oC
TM = 54.73 oC

Qsteam =0.06 2243.78

Qsteam = 134.6268 J
134.6268 J
U = 0,2 2 54,73oC
U = 12.3 J/m2 oC

Pada Tekanan 0,5 gauge (1,5 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 26.9 oC
T11 = 90 oC
T(p+1) = 111.4 oC

T1 = 111.4oC 26.9 oC
T1 = 84.5 oC
T2 = 111.4 oC 90 oC
T2 = 21.4 oC

84.5 oC21.4 oC
TM = 84.5 oC
ln( )
21.4 oC
TM = 45.94oC

Qsteam = 0.12 2226.2

Qsteam = 267.144 J
267.144 J
U = 0,2 2 45.94Oc
U = 29.07 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

T7 = 27oC
T11 = 90 oC
T(p+1) = 111.4 oC

T1 = 111.4oC 27oC
T1 = 84.4 oC
T2 = 111.4 oC 90 oC
 T2 = 21.4 oC

84.4 oC21.4 oC
TM = 84.4 oC
ln( )
21.4 oC
TM = 45.91oC

Qsteam = 0.1 2226.2

Qsteam = 222.62 J
222.62 J
U = 0,2 2 45.91Oc
U = 24.24 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27oC
T11 = 90 oC
T(p+1) = 111.4 oC

T1 = 111.4oC 27oC
T1 = 84.4 oC
T2 = 111.4 oC 90 oC
T2 = 21.4 oC

84.4 oC21.4 oC
TM = 84.4 oC
ln( )
21.4 oC
TM = 45.91oC

Qsteam = 0.18 2226.2

Qsteam = 400.716J
400.716 J
U = 0,2 2 45.91Oc
U = 43.64 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.1oC
T11 = 85 oC
T(p+1) = 111.4 oC

T1 = 111.4oC 27.1oC
T1 = 84.3 oC
T2 = 111.4 oC 85 oC
T2 = 26.4 oC
 84.3 oC26.4 oC
TM = 84.43oC
ln( )
26.4 oC
TM = 49.87oC

Qsteam = 0.28 2226.2

Qsteam = 623.336J
623.336 J
U = 0,2 2 49.87Oc
U = 62.49 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.2oC
T11 = 75 oC
T(p+1) = 111.4 oC

T1 = 111.4oC 27.2oC
T1 = 84.2 oC
T2 = 111.4 oC 75 oC
T2 = 36.4 oC

84.2 oC36.4 oC
TM = 84.2oC
ln( )
36.4 oC
TM = 56.99oC

Qsteam = 0.2 2226.2

Qsteam = 445.24J
445.24 J
U = 0,2 2 56.99Oc
U = 39.05 J/m2 oC

Pada Tekanan 0,75 gauge (1,75 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 27.2 oC
T11 = 98 oC
T(p+1) = 116.05 oC

T1 = 116.05oC 27.2 oC
T1 = 88.85 oC
T2 = 116.05 oC 98 oC
T2 = 18.05 oC
 88.85 oC18.05 oC
TM = 88.85 oC
ln( )
18.05 oC
TM = 44.42oC

Qsteam = 0.04 2213.25

Qsteam = 267.144 J
267.144 J
U = 0,2 2 44.02Oc
U = 9.96 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.2 oC
T11 = 98 oC
T(p+1) = 116.05 oC

T1 = 116.05oC 27.2 oC
T1 = 88.85 oC
T2 = 116.05 oC 98 oC
T2 = 18.05 oC

88.85 oC18.05 oC
TM = 88.85 oC
ln( )
18.05 oC
TM = 44.42oC

Qsteam = 0.02 2213.25

Qsteam = 44.65 J
44.65 J
U = 0,2 2 44.42Oc
U = 4.98 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 95 oC
T(p+1) = 116.05 oC

T1 = 116.05oC 27.3 oC
T1 = 88.75 oC
T2 = 116.05 oC 95 oC
T2 = 21.05 oC
 88.75 oC21.05 oC
TM = 88.75 oC
ln( )
21.05 oC
TM = 47.05oC

Qsteam = 0.12 2213.25

Qsteam = 265.59 J
265.59 J
U = 0,2 2 47.05Oc
U = 28.22 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 89 oC
T(p+1) = 116.05 oC

T1 = 116.05oC 27.3 oC
T1 = 88.75 oC
T2 = 116.05 oC 89 oC
T2 = 27.05 oC

88.75 oC27.05 oC
TM = 88.75 oC
ln( )
27.05 oC
TM = 51.93oC

Qsteam = 0.34 2213.25

Qsteam = 752.505 J
752.505 J
U = 0,2 2 51.93Oc
U = 72.45 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 80 oC
T(p+1) = 116.05 oC

T1 = 116.05oC 27.3 oC
T1 = 88.75 oC
T2 = 116.05 oC 80 oC
T2 = 36.05 oC
 88.75 oC36.05 oC
TM = 88.75 oC
ln( )
27.05 oC
TM = 58.49oC

Qsteam = 0.16 2213.25

Qsteam = 354.12 J
354.12 J
U = 0,2 2 58.49Oc
U = 30.26 J/m2 oC

Pada Tekanan 1 gauge (2 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 Kg/jam
T7 = 27.5 oC
T11 = 98 oC
T(p+1) = 120.2 oC

T1 = 120.2oC 27.5 oC
T1 = 92.7 oC
T2 = 120.2 oC 98 oC
T2 = 22.2 oC

92.7 oC22.2 oC
TM = 92.7oC
ln( )
22.2 oC
TM = 49.32oC

Qsteam = 0.12 2201.6

Qsteam = 264.192 J
264.192 J
U = 0,2 2 49.32Oc
U = 26.78 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244.911 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.6 oC
T11 = 99 oC
T(p+1) = 120.2 oC

T1 = 120.2oC 27.6 oC
T1 = 92.6 oC
T2 = 120.2 oC 99 oC
T2 = 21.2 oC
 92.6 oC21.2 oC
TM = 92.6oC
ln( )
21.2 oC
TM = 48.43oC

Qsteam = 0.12 2201.6

Qsteam = 264.192 J
264.192 J
U = 0,2 2 48.43Oc
U = 27.27 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.6 oC
T11 = 97 oC
T(p+1) = 120.2 oC

T1 = 120.2oC 27.6 oC
T1 = 92.6 oC
T2 = 120.2 oC 97 oC
T2 = 23.2 oC

92.6 oC23.2 oC
TM = 92.6oC
ln( )
23.2 oC
TM = 50.14oC

Qsteam = 0.16 2201.6

Qsteam = 352.256 J
352.256 J
U = 0,2 2 50.14Oc
U = 35.12 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351.491 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.7 oC
T11 = 93 oC
T(p+1) = 120.2 oC

T1 = 120.2oC 27.7 oC
T1 = 92.5 oC
T2 = 120.2 oC 93 oC
T2 = 27.2 oC
 92.5 oC27.2 oC
TM = 92.5oC
ln( )
27.2 oC
TM = 53.35oC

Qsteam = 0.14 2201.6

Qsteam = 308.224 J
308.224 J
U = 0,2 2 53.35Oc
U = 28.88 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402.391 Kg/jam

T7 = 27.3 oC
T11 = 74 oC
T(p+1) = 120.2 oC

T1 = 120.2oC 27.3 oC
T1 = 92.9 oC
T2 = 120.2 oC 74 oC
T2 = 46.2 oC

92.9 oC46.2 oC
TM = 92.9oC
ln( )
46.2 oC
TM = 66.85oC

Qsteam = 0.12 2201.6

Qsteam = 264.192 J
264.192 J
U = 0,2 2 66.85Oc
U = 19.76 J/m2 oC

Perhitungan Steam Ekonomi

Wfeed W produk pekat

SE =

Pada tekanan 0,25 bar

1. Q =186,83 kg/h

3,11 2,1
SE =
0,7
SE = 1,448

2. Q= 244,91 kg/h

4,08 3,1
SE =
0,2

SE = 4,909

3. Q =302,39 kg/h

5,04 4,07
SE =
0,2

SE = 4,849

4. Q =351,497

5,86 4,56
SE =
0,08

SE = 16,228

5. Q =402,395

6,71 5,08
SE =
0,06

SE = 27,109

Pada tekanan 0,5 bar

1. Q =186,83 kg/h

3,11 3,82
SE =
0,12

SE = -5,885

2. Q= 244,91 kg/h

4,08 4,1
SE =
0,1

SE = -0,182
3. Q = 302,39 kg/h

5,04 5,06
SE =
0,18

SE = -0,111

4. Q = 351,497 kg/h

5,86 5,18
SE =
0,28

SE = 2,422

5. Q = 402,395 kg/h

6,71 7,3
SE =
0,2

SE = -2,967

Pada tekanan 0,75 bar

1. Q = 186,83 kg/h

3,11 3,2
SE =
0,04

SE = -2,156

2. Q= 244,91 kg/h

4,08 4,16
SE =
0,02

SE = -3,908

3. Q = 302,39 kg/h

5,04 5,22
SE =
0,12

SE = -1,501
4. Q = 351,497 kg/h

5,86 6,76
SE =
0,34

SE = -2,65

5. Q =402,395 kg/h

6,71 7,08
SE =
0,16

SE = -2,333

Pada tekanan 0,1 bar

1. Q = 186,83 kg/h

3,11 3,52
SE =
0,12

SE = -3,389

2. Q= 244,91 kg/h

4,08 4,12
SE =
0,12

SE = -0,318

3. Q = 302,39 kg/h

5,04 5,34
SE =
0,16

SE = -1,875

4. Q = 351,497 kg/h

5,86 5,76
SE =
0,14

SE = 0.702

5. Q = 402,395 kg/h
 6,71 7,12
SE =
0,12

SE = -3,445

B. Pemanasan Tidak Langsung

Menghitung Effisiensi () Pada Falling Film Evaporator
Berat sirkulasi = 166,67 kg
Cp = 4,2 J/kgoC

() ( ) (117)()

Effisiensi =
() ( )(84)

Pada Tekanan 0,1 gauge (1,1 absolut)

f. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
T4 = 108,9oC
T7 = 40 oC
T8 = 123,8 oC
T11 = 79 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (7940)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(123,8108,9)()

Effisiensi = 0,0489

g. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 106,8oC
T7 = 28 oC
T8 = 124,6 oC
T11 = 77 oC

4,0818 4,2 ( ) (7728)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(124,6106,8)()

Effisiensi = 0,0674

h. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam

T4 = 107 oC
T7 = 28,1 oC
T8 = 122,4 oC
T11 = 74 oC

5,0399 4,2 ( ) (7428,1)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(122,4107)()

Effisiensi = 0,0901

i. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

 T4 = 104,1 oC
T7 = 27,6 oC
T8 = 119,7 oC
T11 = 68 oC

5,858 4,2 ( ) (6827,6)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(119,7104,1)()

Effisiensi = 0,091

j. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 94,8 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 118 oC
T11 = 60 oC

6,706 4,2 ( ) (6027,4)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(11894,8)()

Effisiensi = 0,0565

Pada Tekanan 0,2 gauge (1,2 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
T4 = 91,3oC
T7 = 27,5 oC
T8 = 111 oC
T11 = 70 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (7027,5)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(11191,3)()

Effisiensi = 0,0403

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 89,4oC
T7 = 28,3 oC
T8 = 109,4 oC
T11 = 66 oC

4,0818 4,2 ( ) (6628,3)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(109,489,4)()

Effisiensi = 0,0462

c. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam

T4 = 88,6 oC
T7 = 27,9 oC
 T8 = 108,3 oC
T11 = 65 oC

5,0399 4,2 ( ) (6527,9)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(108,388,6)()

Effisiensi = 0,0569

d. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

T4 = 91,2 oC
T7 = 27,5 oC
T8 = 110,6 oC
T11 = 60 oC

5,858 4,2 ( ) (6027,5)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(110,691,2)()

Effisiensi = 0,0589

e. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 95,5 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 117,4 oC
T11 = 58 oC

6,706 4,2 ( ) (5827,4)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(117,495,5)()

Effisiensi = 0,0562

Pada Tekanan 0,3 gauge (1,3 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
T4 = 99,7oC
T7 = 28 oC
T8 = 119,9 oC
T11 = 74 oC

3,11 4,2 ( ) (7428)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(119,999,7)()

Effisiensi = 0,0425

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 100,7oC
T7 = 27,7 oC
T8 = 119,9 oC
T11 = 74 oC

4,0818 4,2 ( ) (7427,7)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(119,9100,7)()

Effisiensi = 0,0564

c. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam

T4 = 97,1 oC
T7 = 28,6 oC
T8 = 117,4 oC
T11 = 68 oC

5,0399 4,2 ( ) (6828,6)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(117,497,1)()

Effisiensi = 0,0587

d. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

T4 = 96,2 oC
T7 = 27,8 oC
T8 = 116,2 oC
T11 = 65 oC

5,858 4,2 ( ) (6527,8)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(116,296,2)()

Effisiensi = 0,0653

e. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 96,5 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 117,2 oC
T11 = 64 oC

6,706 4,2 ( ) (6427,4)()

Effisiensi =
166,67 4,2 ( )(117,296,5)()

Effisiensi = 0,0711

Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan Panas dalam FFE (U)

Massa sirkulasi air = 166,67 kg
Cp = 4,2 J/kgoC
A = 0,2 m2

T1 = T8 T4
T2 = T11 T7
 T1 T2
TM = T1
ln( )
T2

Qair = massa sirkulasi air (kg) x Cp (J/kgoC) x (T8-T4)(oC)

U = Tm

Pada Tekanan 0,1 gauge (1,1 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam

T4 = 108,9oC
T7 = 40 oC
T8 = 123,8 oC
T11 = 79 oC

T1 = 123,8 oC 108,9oC
T1 = 14,9 oC
T2 = 79 oC 40 oC
T2 = 17,8 oC

14,9 oC 17,8 oC
TM = 14,9 oC
ln( )
17,8 oC

TM = 25,047oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (123,8 oC 108,9oC)

Qair = 10430 J
10430 J
U = 0,2 2 25,047Oc
U = 2082,106 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 106,8oC
T7 = 28 oC
T8 = 124,6 oC
T11 = 77 oC

T1 = 124,6oC 106,8oC
T1 = 17,8 oC
T2 = 77 oC 28 oC
T2 = 49 oC
 17,8 oC49oC
TM = 17,8 oC
ln( )
49 oC
TM = 30,811oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (124,6 oC 106,8oC)

Qair = 12460 J

12460 J
U = 0,2 2 30,811Oc
U = 2021,998 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam

T4 = 107 oC
T7 = 28,1 oC
T8 = 122,4 oC
T11 = 74 oC

T1 = 122,4 oC 107oC
T1 = 15,4 oC
T2 = 74 oC 28,1 oC
T2 = 45,9 oC

15,4 oC45,9oC
TM = 15,4 oC
ln( )
45,9 oC

TM = 27,93oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (122,4 oC 1078oC)

Qair = 10780 J
10780 J
U = 0,2 2 27,93oC
U = 1929,97 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

T4 = 104,1 oC
T7 = 27,6 oC
T8 = 119,7 oC
T11 = 68 oC
 T1 = 119,7 oC 104,1 oC
T1 = 15,6 oC

T2 = 68 oC 27,6 oC
T2 = 40,4 oC

15,6 oC40,4 oC
TM = 15,6 oC
ln( )
40,4 oC

TM = 26,06oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (119,7 oC 104,1 oC)

Qair = 10920 J
10920 J
U = 0,2 2 26,06oC
U = 2094,96 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 94,8 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 118 oC
T11 = 60 oC

T1 = 118oC 94,8 oC
T1 = 23,2 oC
T2 = 60 oC 27,4 oC
T2 = 32,6 oC

23,2 oC32,6 oC
TM = 23,2 oC
ln( )
32,6 oC

TM = 27,63oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (118oC 94,8 oC)

Qair = 16240 J
16240 J
U = 0,2 2 27,63oC
U = 2938,4 J/m2 oC

Pada Tekanan 0,2 gauge (1,2 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
T4 = 91,3oC
T7 = 27,5 oC
 T8 = 111 oC
T11 = 70 oC

T1 = 111 oC 91,3oC
T1 = 19,7 oC
T2 = 70 oC 27,5 oC
T2 = 42,5 oC

19,7 oC42,5 oC
TM = 19,7 oC
ln( )
42,5 oC

TM = 29,65oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (111 oC 91,3 oC)

Qair = 13790 J

13790 J
U = 0,2 2 29,65oC
U = 2325,2 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 89,4oC
T7 = 28,3 oC
T8 = 109,4 oC
T11 = 66 oC

T1 = 109,4 oC 89,4oC
T1 = 20oC
T2 = 66 oC 28,3 oC
T2 = 37,7 oC

20 oC37,7 oC
TM = 20 oC
ln( )
37,7 oC

TM = 27,92oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (109,4 oC 89,4 oC)

Qair = 14000 J

14000 J
U = 0,2 2 27,63oC
U = 2507,06 J/m2 oC
c. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam
T4 = 88,6 oC
T7 = 27,9 oC
T8 = 108,3 oC
T11 = 65 oC

T1 = 108,3 oC 88,6 oC
T1 = 19,7oC
T2 = 65 oC 27,9 oC
T2 = 37,1 oC

19,7 oC37,1 oC
TM = 19,7 oC
ln( )
37,1 oC

TM = 27,49oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (108,3 oC 88,6 oC)

Qair = 13790 J

13790 J
U = 0,2 2 27,63oC
U = 2508,35 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

T4 = 91,2 oC
T7 = 27,5 oC
T8 = 110,6 oC
T11 = 60 oC

T1 = 110,6 oC 91,2 oC
T1 = 19,4oC
T2 = 60 oC 27,5 oC
T2 = 32,5 oC

19,4 oC32,5oC
TM = 19,4 oC
ln( )
32,5 oC

TM = 25,39oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (110,6 oC 91,2 oC)

Qair = 13580 J

13580 J
U = 0,2 2 25,39oC
 U = 2674,36 J/m2 oC

e. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 95,5 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 117,4 oC
T11 = 58 oC

T1 = 117,4 oC 95,5 oC
T1 = 21,9oC
T2 = 58 oC 27,4 oC
T2 = 30,6 oC

21,9 oC30,6oC
TM = 21,9 oC
ln( )
30,6 oC

TM = 26,008oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (117,4 oC 95,5 oC)

Qair = 15330 J

15330 J
U = 0,2 2 26,008oC
U = 2947,18 J/m2 oC

Pada Tekanan 0,3 gauge (1,3 absolut)

a. Laju alir umpan 186,826 l/jam
T4 = 99,7oC
T7 = 28 oC
T8 = 119,9 oC
T11 = 74 oC

T1 = 119,9 oC 99,7oC
T1 = 20,2oC
T2 = 74 oC 28oC
T2 = 46 oC

20,2oC46oC
TM = 20,2 oC
ln( )
46 oC
TM = 31,35 oC
 Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (119,9 oC 99,7oC)
Qair = 14140 J

14140 J
U = 0,2 2 31,35oC
U = 2255,16 J/m2 oC

b. Laju alir umpan 244,91 l/jam

T4 = 100,7oC
T7 = 27,7 oC
T8 = 119,9 oC
T11 = 74 oC

T1 = 119,9 oC 100,7oC
T1 = 20,1oC
T2 = 74 oC 27,7 oC
T2 = 46,3 oC

20,1oC46,3oC
TM = 20,1 oC
ln( )
46,3 oC

TM = 31,4 oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (119,9 oC 100,7oC)

Qair = 14070 J

14070 J
U = 0,2 2 31,4oC
U = 2240,52 J/m2 oC

c. Laju alir umpan 302,395 l/jam

T4 = 97,1 oC
T7 = 28,6 oC
T8 = 117,4 oC
T11 = 68 oC

T1 = 117,4 oC 97,1 oC
T1 = 20,3oC
T2 = 74 oC 27,7 oC
T2 = 46,3 oC

20,1oC46,3oC
TM = 20,1 oC
ln( )
46,3 oC
 TM = 28,8 oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (117,4 oC 97,1 oC)

Qair = 14210 J

14210 J
U = 0,2 2 28,8oC
U = 2466,63 J/m2 oC

d. Laju alir umpan 351,497 l/jam

T4 = 96,2 oC
T7 = 27,8 oC
T8 = 116,2 oC
T11 = 65 oC

T1 = 116,2oC 96,2 oC
T1 = 20oC
T2 = 65 oC 27,8 oC
T2 = 37,2 oC

20oC37,2 oC
TM = 20 oC
ln( )
37,2 oC

TM = 27,72 oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (116,2oC 96,2 oC)

Qair = 14000 J

14000 J
U = 0,2 2 27,72oC
U = 2525,602 J/m2 oC

f. Laju alir umpan 402, 395 l/jam

T4 = 96,5 oC
T7 = 27,4 oC
T8 = 117,2 oC
T11 = 64 oC

T1 = 117,2oC 96,5 oC
T1 = 20,7oC
T2 = 64 oC 27,4 oC
T2 = 36,6 oC
 20,7oC36,6 oC
TM = 20,7 oC
ln( )
36,6 oC

TM = 27,9 oC

Qair = 166,67 kg x 4,2 J/kgoC x (117,2oC 96,5 oC)

Qair = 14490 J

14490 J
U = 0,2 2 27,9oC
U = 2596,88 J/m2 oC

GRAFIK

A. Pemanasan Langsung
 Grafik Efisiensi FFE Vs Laju Alir Umpan
40
35
30
25 P=0,25 gauge
Efisiensi

20 P=0,5 gauge
15 P=0,75 gauge
10
P=1 gauge
5
0
-5 0 100 200 300 400 500
Q (kg/h)

Gambar 1. Grafik Hubungan Efisiensi FFE dengan Laju Alir Umpan

Grafik Koef. Perpindahan Panas pada FFE Vs Laju

Alir Umpan
250
Koef. Perpindahan Panas

200

150 P=0,25 gauge

100 P=0,5 gauge

P=0,75 gauge
50
P=1 gauge
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Q(kg/h)

Gambar 2. Grafik Hubungan Koefisien Perpindahan panas FFE dengan Laju Alir Umpan
 Grafik Steam Ekonomi Vs Laju Alir Umpan
30
25
Steam Ekonomi 20
15 P=0,25 gauge
10 P=0,5 gauge

5 P=0,75 gauge

0 P=1 gauge
0 100 200 300 400 500
-5
-10
Q (kg/h)

Gambar 3. Grafik Hubungan Steam Ekonomi FFE dengan Laju Alir Umpan

B. Pemanasan Tak Langsung

Grafik Efisiensi FFE vs Laju Alir Umpan

0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
Efisiensi ()

0.06
0.05 P = 0,1 gauge
0.04 P = 0,2 gauge
0.03
P = 0,3 gauge
0.02
0.01
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Laju Alir Umpan (q) (liter/jam)

Gambar 4. Grafik Hubungan Efisiensi FFE dengan Laju Alir Umpan

 Grafik Koefisien Perpindahan Panas dalam FFE vs
Laju Alir Umpan
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas dalam FFE (U)
3500

3000

2500
(J/m2 oC)

2000
P = 0,1 gauge
1500
P = 0,2 gauge
1000 P = 0,3 gauge
500

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Laju Alir Umpan (q) (liter/jam)

Gambar 5. Grafik Hubungan Efisiensi FFE dengan Laju Alir Umpan