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BEE2123 TUT1 - Error Solution

This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

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5K views14 pages

BEE2123 TUT1 - Error Solution

This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

Uploaded by

WatashiNo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BEE 2123

TUTORIAL 1
ERROR MEASUREMENT SOLUTION

1. A batch of resistors that each have a


nominal resistance of 330 Ω are to be
tested and classified as ±5% and ±10%
components. Calculate the maximum
and minimum absolute resistance for
each case.

Answer:
330 ± 5 % = 330 ± 16.5Ω
330 ± 10% = 330 ± 33Ω

then, 330 + 16.5 = 346.5Ω


330 – 16.5 =313.5Ω
330 + 33 = 363Ω
330 – 33 = 297Ω

2. The resistors in Problem 1 are


specified at 25°C, and their temperature
coefficient is –300ppm/°C. Calculate the
1
maximum and minimum resistance for
these components at 100°C.

Answer:
T = 25° C, R = 330Ω ± 5%

R max = 346.5Ω
R min = 313.5Ω

∆R/ °C:

at R max, 346.5 x (–300/1,000,000 ) =


-0.10395 Ω /°C

at R min, 313.5 x (–300/1,000,000 ) =


-0.09405 Ω /°C

∆T = 100 –25 = 75 °C

∆R Total:

at R max, ∆ R = 0.10395 x 75 =
-7.79625ohm

at R min, ∆ R = 0.09405 x 75 =
-7.05375ohm

2
R max at 100 °C: R + ∆ R = 346.5Ω
-7.79625ohm= 338.7Ω
R min at 100 °C is R + ∆ R = 313.5Ω
-7.05375ohm = 306.4Ω

3. Three of the resistors referred to in


Problem 1 are connected in series. One
has a ±5% tolerance, and the other two
are ±10%. Calculate the maximum and
minimum values of the total resistances.
Answer:

( R1 ± ∆ R1) + (R2 ± ∆ R2 ) + ( R3 ± ∆ R3 )
= ( R1 + R2 + R3 ) ± (∆ R1 + ∆ R2 +
∆ R3)
= ( 330 ± 5% ) Ω +( 330 ± 10% ) Ω +
( 330 ± 10% ) Ω
= (330 + 330 + 330) ± (16.5 + 33 + 33)
Ω
= 990 ± 82.5 Ω

RTmax= 1072.5 Ω and RTmin


= 907.5 Ω

3
4. A dc power supply provides
currents to four electronic circuits. The
currents are 37 mA, 42 mA, 13 mA and
6.7 mA. The first two are measured with
an accuracy of ±3%, and the other two
are measured with ±1% accuracy.
Determine the maximum and minimum
levels of the total supply current.

Answer:
I1 = 37 ± 3% mA

I2 = 42 ± 3% mA

I3 = 13 ± 1% mA

I4 = 6.7 ± 1% mA

I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = ( I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 ) ±
(∆ I1 + ∆ I2 + ∆ I3 +∆ I4)

= 37 + 42 + 13 + 6.7 ± (1.11 + 1.26 +


0.13 + 0.067) mA

ITmax = 98.7 + 2.567 mA = 101.267 mA


4
ITmin = 98.7 - 2.567 mA = 96.13 mA

5. Two currents from a different sources


flow in opposite directions through a
resistor. I1 is measured as 79 mA on a
100 mA analog instrument with an
accuracy of ±3% of full scale. I2,
determined as 31 mA, is measured on a
digital instrument with a ±100 µA
accuracy. Calculate the maximum and
minimum levels of the current in R1.

Answer:
3% FSD x 100mA = 3mA

then , I1 = 79 ± 3mA

I2 = 31 mA ± 100µ A
= 31 ± 0.1 mA

so,

5
I1 – I2 = (I1 ± ∆ I1) – ( I2 ± ∆ I2 ) = ( I1 –
I2 ) ± (∆ I1 + ∆ I2) = ( 79 – 31 ) ± ( 3
+ 0.1) mA
= 48 ± 3.1 mA

ITmax = 51.1 mA ITmax = 44.9 mA

6. The voltages at opposite ends of a 470


Ω ±5% resistor are measured as V1 = 12
V and V2 = 5 V. The measuring
accuracies are ±0.5 V for V1 and ±2%
for V2. Calculate the level of current in
the resistor, and specify its accuracy.

Answer:
V1 = 12 ± 0.5 V V2 =
5 ± 2% V

R1 = 470 ± 5%

then,

V (12V ±
0.5V) – (5V ± 2%)
6
I = ---- =
----------------------------------
R 470
± 5% Ω

7± ( 0.5 + 0.1) V
= -------------------
470 ± 5% Ω
7± 8.57% V
= -------------------
470 ± 5% Ω

X = A/B  % error X = ± (% error A


+ % error B)
I = 0.01489 ± ( 8.57% + 5%) A
= 14.89 ± 13.57% mA

7. A resistor R1 has a potential difference


of 25 V across its terminals, and a
current of 63 mA. The voltage is
measured on a 30 V analog instrument
with an accuracy of ±5% of full scale.
The current is measured on a digital
instrument with a ±1 mA accuracy.
7
Calculate the resistance of R1 and
specify its tolerance.

Answer:
Voltage error:
5% x 30V = 1.5V
Potential difference across the resistor:
25± 1.5 V = 25 ± 6%

63 ± 1 mA

25 ± 6%
R1

V 25V ± 6%
V
R = ---- = ---------------
I 63 ±
1.59% mA

8
= 396.83 ±
7.59% Ω

8. A 470 Ω ±10% resistor has a potential


difference of 12 V across its terminals. If
the voltage is measured with an
accuracy of ±6%, determine the power
dissipation in the resistor, and specify
the accuracy of the result.

Answer:

12 ± 6% V
470± 10% Ω

V2 (12V ± 6%
V)2
P = ---- = ---------------
R 470 ±
10% Ω

9
V2 144
P = ---- = ---------- =
0.306 W
R 470

X=A/B, % error X= ± (% error A + %


error B)
X=AB , % error X = ± B(% error A)

% ∆ P = ± (2(6) +10) % = ±
22% W

P = 0.306 ± 22% W

9. The output voltage from a precision 12


V power supply, monitored at intervals
over a period of time, produced the
following readings: V1 = 12.001 V, V2 =
11.999 V, V3 = 11.998 V, V4 = 12.003 V,
V5 = 12.002 V, V6 = 11.997 V, V7 =
12.002 V, V8 = 12.003 V, V9 = 11.998 V
and V10 = 11.997 V. Calculate the
average voltage level, the mean
10
deviation, the standard deviation, and
the probable error in the measured
voltage at any time.

Vi d= V- D2
Vi 
1 12.001 0.001 0.0000
01
2 11.999 0.001 0.0000
01
3 11.998 0.002 0.0000
04
4 12.003 0.003 0.0000
09
5 12.002 0.002 0.0000
04
6 11.997 0.003 0.0000
09
7 12.002 0.002 0.0000
04
8 12.003 0.003 0.0000
09
9 11.998 0.002 0.0000
04
1 11.997 0.003 0.0000
0 09
∑ 120.00 0.022 0.0000
0 54
11
V = ∑ Vi /n = 120.00/10 = 12.000 V

D = ∑ V- Vi/n = 0.022/10 = 2.2 mV

σ = √ (∑ d2 /n) = √ 0.000054/10 =
2.32 mV

Voltage error probability = 2.32 x


0.6745 = 1.57

10. Successive measurements of the


temperature of a liquid over a period of
time produced the following data: T1 =
25.05°C, T2 = 25.02°C, T3 = 25.03°C, T4 =
25.07°C, T5 = 25.55°C, T6 = 25.06°C, T7 =
25.04°C, T8 = 25.05°C, T9 = 25.07°C, T10 =
25.03°C, T11 = 25.02°C, T12 = 25.04°C, T13
= 25.02°C, T14 = 25.03°C and T15 =
25.05°C. Determine the average
temperature, the mean deviation from
average, the standard deviation, and the
probable measurement error.

12
ti d= ti- d2
t
1 25.0 0.02 0.00
5 04
2 25.0 0.05 0.00
2 25
3 25.0 0.04 0.00
3 16
4 25.0 0.00 0.00
7 00
5 25.5 0.48 0.23
5 04
6 25.0 0.02 0.00
5 04
7 25.0 0.03 0.00
4 09
8 25.0 0.02 0.00
5 04
9 25.0 0.00 0.00
7 00
1 25.0 0.04 0.00
0 3 16
1 25.0 0.05 0.00
1 2 25
1 25.0 0.03 0.00
2 4 09
1 25.0 0.05 0.00
3 2 25
1 25.0 0.04 0.00
13
4 3 16
1 25.0 0.02 0.00
5 5 04
376. 0.89 0.24
∑ 12 86
t = ∑ ti / n = 376.12/15 = 25.07

D = ∑ ti- t/n = 0.89/15 = 0.059 mV

σ = √ (∑ d2 /n) = √ 0.2461/15 =
0.128

Temperature error probability = 0.128


x 0.6745 = 0.087

14

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