Scribd
Upload
32 views4 pages

Genetics Kvpy

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, the segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair. Sex determination involves XX chromosomes in females and XY chromosomes in males for humans and Drosophila, while some birds have ZW chromosomes in females and ZZ in males. Grasshoppers have only one X chromosome in males plus autosomes, while females have a pair of X chromosomes. Mendelian disorders are caused by single gene mutations and include conditions like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and phenylketonuria. Chromosomal disorders involve gains, losses, or abnormalities of chromosomes and include conditions like Down syndrome and

Uploaded by

Sourabh Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views4 pages

Genetics Kvpy

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, the segregation of one pair of characters is independent of the other pair. Sex determination involves XX chromosomes in females and XY chromosomes in males for humans and Drosophila, while some birds have ZW chromosomes in females and ZZ in males. Grasshoppers have only one X chromosome in males plus autosomes, while females have a pair of X chromosomes. Mendelian disorders are caused by single gene mutations and include conditions like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and phenylketonuria. Chromosomal disorders involve gains, losses, or abnormalities of chromosomes and include conditions like Down syndrome and

Uploaded by

Sourabh Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.

The law states that

‘when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair

of characters is independent of the other pair of characters’.

Sex Determination
Both in humans and

in Drosophila, the female has a pair of

XX chromosomes (homogametic) and the

male XY (heterogametic) composition;

(c) In many birds, female has a pair of

dissimilar chromosomes ZW and male

two similar ZZ chromosomes

Grasshoppeer – male have only one X- chromosome besides the autosomes, whereas females have a
pair of X-chromosoes.
Mendelian Disorders-
Determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene
e.g. Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Sickle-cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia etc

Haemophlia – a single protein that is part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is
affected. The possibility of a female becoming haemopphlic is extremely rare. In an affected individual a
simple cut will result in non-stop bleeding.
Sickle-cell anaemia- autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the
offspring when both the partners are carrier for the gene. The disease is controlled by a single pair of
allel, HbA and HbS. Out of three only HbSHbs show diseased phenotype. Defect caused by the
substitution of Glutamic acid by Valine at the sixth position of beta globin chain of haemoglobin. Shape
of RBC from biconcave disc to elongated sickle like structure.

Phenylketonuria – autosomal recessive trait. The affected


individual lacks an enzyme that converts the amino acid
phenylanine into tyrosine. Thus accumulation of phenylanine
and converted to phenylpyruvic acid, collection in brain
results in mental retardation.

Chromosomal Disorders
Caused due to absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes.
Failures of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in gain or loss of a chromosome
called aneuploidy. Failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division results in an increase in a
whole set of chromosomes in an organism and called polyploidy.

Down’s syndrome- presence of an additional copy of chromosome number 21(trisomy of 21).


Langdon Down.
Klinefelter’s Syndrome – due to presence of an additional copy of X-chromosome. Such an individual has
overall masculine development, however the feminie development(development of breast i.e.
Gynaecomastia) Such individuals are sterile.

Turner’s Syndrome – absence of one of the X chromosomes. Such females are sterile as ovaries are
rudimentary besiseds features including lack of other secondary sexual charactesrs

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy