Design of Cycle stand shade

Name of work:- pkn

1 Length of cantilever roof each side 3.00 mtr bw 400 mm

3 Clear span 6.00 mtr 6000 mm
4 Super imposed Load 2.00 kN/m2
5 Conrete M m- 20 Grade Unit weight concrete 25000 N/m3
scbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.33
6 Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stress 230 N/mm2
7 Nominal cover 15 mm Effective cover 25 mm
8 Reinforcement Beam
Bottom Main reinforcement 30 mm F 5 Nos bars
Top holding bars 12 mm F 3 Nos bars
2 lgd Stirrups 8 mm F 220 mm c/c
Reinforcement slab
main bars at supports 10 mm F 140 mm c/c
main bars at end 10 mm F 280 mm c/c
Distrbution at supports 8 mm F 140 mm c/c
Distrbution at ends 8 mm F 210 mm c/c

3 nos. holding bars

30 mm f 12 mm f 30 mm f
2 Nos bars 2 Nos bars

220 220
mm mm

860 30 mm f main 5 Nos bars 860

6000
(A) Section at beam

10 mm f @ 10 mm f @ 12 mm f @
280 mmc/c 140 mm c/c 3 Nos bars
3000 3000
100
` 290 mm

8 mmf @ 8 mmf @ 8 mm f @
210 mm c/c 140 mm c/c 220 mm c/c 2 lgd stirrups
500
mm 30 mm f @
5 Nos bars

400
(B) Section at mid - span
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 Design of Cycle stand shade
Name of work:- pkn

1 Length of cantilever roof each side 3.00 mtr 3000 mm bw 400 mm

3 Clear span 6.00 mm 6000 mm
4 Super imposed load 2.00 kN/m 2000 N/m
5 Concrete m 20 Unit weight concrete 25000 N/m3
s cbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.3
6 Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stess = 230 N/mm2
7 Nominal cover 15 mm Effective cover = 25 mm

Solution :-
For m 20 concrete we have
scbc = 7 N/mm2 m =
13.33 sst = 230 N/mm2,
mc 13.33 x 7
k = kc = = = 0.289
mc + t 13.33 x 7 + 230
j = 1 - k/3 = 1 - 0.289 / 3 = 0.904
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.904 x 0.289 = 0.913

(A) Design of cantilever slab

For stiffness the ratio of span to effective depth of cantilever = 7
For a balanced design, the percentage reinforcement for m = 20 concrete =0.44% . Assuming pt =0.25
We get, from fig 1. modification factore, using fe 415 steel. = 1.6 \ span/d= 7 x 1.6 = 11.2
span 3000
\ Effective depth = = = 268 mm keep total depth of 268 + 15 = 290 mm
11.2 11.2
and reduce it to 100 mm at ends. Mean thickness of slab( 290 + 100 )/ 2 = 195 mm
keeping 15 mm nominal cover and using 10 mm f bars,
available d = 290 - 15 - 10 / 2 = 270 mm at supports
and d = 100 - 15 - 10 / 2 = 80 mm at free ends
Dead load of slabper sq meter = 0.195 x 1.0 x 1 x 25000 = 4875 N
super imposed load = 2000 N/m2
\ Total load /m2 = 6875 N/m2
wL2 6875 x 3.000 x 3.000
M = = = 30938 N-mm/m
2 2
V = wL = 6875 x 3.000 = 20625 N/m
width considering b=1 meter =1000 mm
BM = 30938 x 1000
Effective depth required = = 184 mm
Rxb 0.913 x 1000
BM 30938.00 x 1000
Ast = = = 551 mm2
sst x jx D 230 x 0.904 x 270
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using ### mm bars A = = = 78.5 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = A*1000/Ast = 1000 x 79 / 551 = 142 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 140 mm c/c
af 1000 x 78.5
Actual area of stell provided =1000 = = 561 mm2
s 140
561
pt = x 100 = 0.21 %
1000 x 270
Let us curtail alternate bars at half the cantilever length.
wx2 6875 x 1.5 2
x
B.M. at the point = = 1000 = 7.73 x 10'6 N-mm
2 2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
270 + 80
Effective depth of slab = = 175 mm
2
BM 7.73 x 10'6
Ast = = = 213 mm2
sst x jx D 230 x 0.904 x 175
1
Actual Ast available = x 561 = 280 > 213 mm2 Hence O.K.
2
Check for shear V 20625
tv = = = 0.08 N/mm2 which is quite small
bxd 1000 x 270
Distribution reinforcement
0.12xbD 0.12 x 1000 x 290
Ast = = = 348 mm2
Asd 100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = A*1000/Ast = 1000 x 50 / 348 = 144 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 140 mm c/c
At the half the cantilever length, avrage depth '= 195 mm
0.12xbD 0.12 x 1000 x 195
Ast = = = 234 mm2
Asd 100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of Bars = A*1000/Ast = 1000 x 50 / 234 = 215 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, @ 210 mm c/c
(B) Design of beam :-
The beam will be designed as T-beam with tapered flanges of uniform average thickness.
Width of web, bw = L / 10 or width of column which is heigher
bw = 3.00 / 10 = 0.30 m width of column = 0.40 m here 0.40 mtr
290 + 100
Avrage depth of flange, Df = = 195 mm = 0.195 mtr
2
Total width of flange = b = 2 x 3 + 0.40 = 6.40 mtr or 6400 mm
Let effective span of beam = lo = 2 x 3 + 0.40 = 6.40 mtr or 6400 mm
For an isolated T-Beam,the width of the flange is
lo 6400
bf = + bw = + 400 = 1680 mm
lo 6400
+ 4 + 4
b 6400
Assume over all depthof beam 400 mm, equal the bw, for the purpose of calculating the dead load
(I) Dead load of slab = 0.195 x 1 x 6 x ### = 29250 N
(II) Dead load of beam = 0.40 x 0.40 x 1 x ### = 4000 N
(III) Super imposed load = 2000 x 6.40 x 1 = 12800 N
Total w = 46050 N
wlo2 46050 x 6.4 x 6.4 x 1000
M = = = 235776000 N-mm
8 8
Effective depth of beam:-
2kcd-Df
for balance section, we have M = 0.45bf.c.Df
kc
2x 0.289 d- 195
or = 0.45 x 1680 x 7 x 195 = 235776000
0.289
2 x 0.289 d- 195 235776000
675.66 =
0.45 x 1680 x 7.00 x
390 d - = 44553 + 131753 or 176306
 = 176306 / 390 or 452 mm
keep D = 500 mm keeping 30 mm nominal cover and using 8 mm f bars,
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
available d = 500 - 30 - 8 - 30 / 2 = 447 mm
Revised Dead load of beam = 0.50 x 0.40 x 1 x ### = 5000 N
Total weight w = 29250 + 5000 + 12800 = 47050 N
wlo2
47050 x 6.4 x 6.4 x 1000
M = = = 240896000 N-mm
8 8
Df 195
Approximate L.A., a = d - = 447 - = 350 mm
2 2
BM 240896000
Ast = = = 3311 mm2
sst x jx D 230 x
0.904 x 350
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 30 x 30
using ### mm bars A = = = 707 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Noumber of Bars = 3311 x 707 = 5 No.
Hence Provided = 5 No. 30 mm F bar, Actual steel provide = ### mm2
Determination N.A.and actual stresses.

1680 13.33 x 3535 x( 447 - n)

Assuming that N.A. falls in the flange, we have N.A. = (n)2=
2
\ n2 = 25075 - 56.1 n or n2+ 56.10 n - 25075 = 0
b +Öb2-4.a.c or n = 56.10 + Ö 3147 -4x 1.00 x -25075
n =
2 a 2 x 1
or n = 56.10 +( 3147 - -100301.585 )1/2
2
or n = 56.10 +( 103448.47 )1/2
2 x 1
or n = 56.10 + 322
2
or n = 266 / 2 = 133 mm
n 133
L.A.= d- = 447 - = 403 mm
3 3
m 240896000
Avrage stress in steel = = = 169 N/mm2 < 230 O.K.
Ast xa 3535 x 403
corresponding stress In t n 169 133 N
= x = x = 5.4 < 7
concrete is given by m d-n 13.33 447 - 133 mm2

Shear reinforcement:-
wl 47050 x 6.00 V = 141150 N
V= = 141150 N tv = = 0.79
2 2 bxd 400 x 447 mm2
100As 100 x 2121
Assuming that at the ends, 2 bars will be bent up available = 1.19 %
bxd 400 x 447
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 1.19 % steel = 0.41 N/mm2
Since tv > tc Shear reinforcement necessary
Also from table for M- 20 Concrete, tcmax. = 1.80 N/mm2 Since tv < than Tc section O.K.
Shear reinfocement will be provided both in the form of inclined bars as well as in the form of vertical stirrups.
Out of 5 30 mm f bars, let us bend 2 bars at distance of √2 a = √ 2 x 403 mm
= 1.414 x 403 = 570 mm from the edge of the supports.
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 30 x 30
Area of cross -section of 2 bend up bars = = 707 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Area of cross -section of = 2 x 707 = 1414 mm2
\ Shear resistance of 2 bent up bars = v1 sin 45
v1 = ssv x Asv x sina = 230 x 1414 x 0.707 = 229931 N
This is more than the S.F. it self. Through shear esistance of concrete (v 2 = tc. bd )
is additionally available, we will have to provide nominal shear stirrups.
 3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm bars area = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
using 8 mm 2 lgd stirrups area = 2 x 50.2 = 100.4 mm2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
2.175 x Asv.x fy 2.18x 100.4 x 415
the maximum spacing of stirrups is given by = = 227 mm
b 400
Hence Provided 8 mm F 2 lgd stirrups, @ 220 mm c/c upto 860 mm from edge of supports
141150
At 860 mm shear force x( 3.00 - 0.86 )= 100687 N
3.00
shear resistance of concrete =tc.bw.d = 0.41 x 400 x 447 = 73308 N
Hence shear to be rasisted by stirrups is given by Vs =V-tc*bw*d = 100687 - 73308 = 27379
ssv.Asv.d 230 x 100.4 x 447
The spacing of 8 mm f 2 lgd stirrups is, sv = = = 377 mm
Vs 27379
But maximum spacing can not exceed 227 mm. Hence provide 8 mm f stirrups @ 220 mm
through out the length of beam. Provide 3 x 12 mm f holding bars at top
check for development length at the end.

1.3xM1 L0
The code requires that + > Ld Ast available at end. 2121 mm2
V
M1 = moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress at sst
M1 "= Ast x s st x jc x d
2121 x 230 x 0.904 x 447
= = 197.1 x 10 6 N-mm
1000000
V = 141150 N Ls = 0 Alternatively, Ld = 45 F = 45 x 30 = ### mm
Let us assume the width of supports equal to 400 mm and a side cover x' 30 mm,
And Provide 900 bend at the ends
Ls 400
we have, Lo =( - x' + 3xf = - 30 + 90 = 260 mm
2 2
f .sst f x 230
Ld = = = 45 f = 45 x 30 = 1350 mm
4.tbd 4 x 0.8 x 2
1.3 xM1 197.1 x 10 6
+ L0 = 1.3 x + 260 = 2075 mm
V 141150
= 2075 > 1350 Hence Code requirement are satisfied
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
### pkn

8 mm F 2 - lgd strirrups @ 220 mm c/c

3 - 12 mm F holding bars 2 - 30 mm F bars

500 220 220

mm mm mm

860 5 - 30 mm F bars 860

3000 400
1500 1500
10 mm f @ 10 mm f @ 3 - 12 mm F holding bars
280 Nos bars 140 mm c/c
100
290 mm

8 mmf @ 8 mmf @
210 mm c/c 140 mm c/c 8 mm F 2 - lgd strirrups @ 220 mm c/c

500
mm 5 - 30 mm F bars
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
 (1) VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

(2) Permissible shear stress Table t v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

(3) Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
Shear stress tc Reiforcement %
100As 100As Value of angle
M-20 M-20
bd bd Degree sin cos tan
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 10 0.17 0.98 0.18
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 11 0.19 0.98 0.19
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 12 0.21 0.98 0.21
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 13 0.23 0.97 0.23
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 14 0.24 0.97 0.25
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 15 0.26 0.97 0.27
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 16 0.28 0.96 0.29
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 17 0.29 0.96 0.31
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 18 0.31 0.95 0.32
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 19 0.33 0.95 0.34
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 20 0.34 0.94 0.36
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 21 0.36 0.93 0.38
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 22 0.37 0.93 0.40
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 23 0.39 0.92 0.42
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 24 0.41 0.92 0.45
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 25 0.42 0.91 0.47
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 30 0.50 0.87 0.58
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 35 0.57 0.82 0.70
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 40 0.64 0.77 0.84
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 45 0.71 0.71 1.00
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 50 0.77 0.64 1.19
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 55 0.82 0.57 1.43
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 60 0.87 0.50 1.73
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 65 0.91 0.42 2.14
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30 modification factore Table
0.52 0.30 % fy 200 250 328 415 500
0.53 0.30 0.0 2.00
0.54 0.30 0.05 1.80
0.55 0.31 0.10 1.65
0.56 0.31 0.15 1.90 1.50
0.57 0.31 0.20 1.80 1.40
0.58 0.31 0.25 2 1.70 1.35
0.59 0.31 0.30 1.85 1.60 1.30
0.6 0.32 0.35 1.75 1.50 1.20
0.61 0.32 0.4 1.65 1.40 1.16
0.62 0.32 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.30 1.08
0.63 0.32 0.6 1.75 1.4 1.20 1.00
0.64 0.32 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35 1.15 0.95
0.65 0.33 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.05 0.90
0.66 0.33 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25 1.02 0.86
0.67 0.33 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2 1.20 0.84
0.68 0.33 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16 0.98 0.82
0.69 0.33 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13 0.96 0.81
0.7 0.34 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1 0.94 0.80
0.71 0.34 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1 0.92 0.79
0.72 0.34 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07 0.91 0.78
0.73 0.34 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.90 0.77
0.74 0.34 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03 0.89 0.76
0.75 0.35 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01 0.86 0.75
0.76 0.35 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0 0.86 0.74
0.77 0.35 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99 0.85 0.73
0.78 0.35 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97 0.84 0.72
0.79 0.35 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96 0.83 0.72
0.8 0.35 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95 0.83 0.72
0.81 0.35 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94 0.82 0.71
0.82 0.36 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93 0.82 0.71
0.83 0.36 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92 0.81 0.71
0.84 0.36 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92 0.81 0.70
0.85 0.36 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91 0.81 0.70
0.86 0.36 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.81 0.69
0.87 0.36 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90 0.81 0.69
0.88 0.37 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87 0.81 0.68
0.89 0.37 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86 0.81 0.68
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars

tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
2.0
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26
1.4

Modification factore
1.2

0.8

0.4
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2) 0.0 0.4
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2 Percentage of tens
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140
 Value of angle
tan Degree sin cos
0.18 10 0.17 0.98
0.19 11 0.19 0.98
0.21 12 0.21 0.98
0.23 13 0.23 0.97
0.25 14 0.24 0.97
0.27 15 0.26 0.97
0.29 16 0.28 0.96
0.31 17 0.29 0.96
0.32 18 0.31 0.95
0.34 19 0.33 0.95
0.36 20 0.34 0.94
0.38 21 0.36 0.93
0.40 22 0.37 0.93
0.42 23 0.39 0.92
0.45 24 0.41 0.92
0.47 25 0.42 0.91
0.58 30 0.50 0.87
0.70 35 0.57 0.82
0.84 40 0.64 0.77
1.00 45 0.71 0.71
1.19 50 0.77 0.64
1.43 55 0.82 0.57
1.73 60 0.87 0.50
2.14 65 0.91 0.42
 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8
Percentage of tension reinforcement