PIC16C62B/72A

28-Pin 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers

Microcontroller Core Features: Pin Diagram
• High-performance RISC CPU
• Only 35 single word instructions to learn SDIP, SOIC, SSOP, Windowed CERDIP
• All single cycle instructions except for program
branches, which are two cycle MCLR/VPP •1 28 RB7
• Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input RA0/AN0 2 27 RB6
RA1/AN1 3 26 RB5
DC - 200 ns instruction cycle RA2/AN2 4 25 RB4

PIC16C72A
• 2K x 14 words of Program Memory, RA3/AN3/VREF 5 24 RB3
RA4/T0CKI 6 23 RB2
128 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) RA5/SS/AN4 7 22 RB1
• Interrupt capability VSS 8 21 RB0/INT
OSC1/CLKIN 9 20 VDD
• Eight level deep hardware stack OSC2/CLKOUT 10 19 VSS
• Direct, indirect, and relative addressing modes RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 18 RC7
RC1/T1OSI 12 17 RC6
• Power-on Reset (POR) RC2/CCP1 13 16 RC5/SDO
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 15 RC4/SDI/SDA
• Power-up Timer (PWRT) and
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
• Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
oscillator for reliable operation Peripheral Features:
• Brown-out detection circuitry for • Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler
Brown-out Reset (BOR) • Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler,
• Programmable code-protection can be incremented during sleep via external
• Power saving SLEEP mode crystal/clock
• Selectable oscillator options • Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period
• Low-power, high-speed CMOS EPROM register, prescaler and postscaler
technology • Capture, Compare, PWM module
• Fully static design • Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns,
• In-Circuit Serial Programming(ICSP) Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns,
PWM maximum resolution is 10-bit
• Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 5.5V
• 8-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter
• High Sink/Source Current 25/25 mA
• Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with Enhanced
• Commercial, Industrial and Extended temperature
SPI and I2C
ranges
• Low-power consumption:
- < 2 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
- 22.5 A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
- < 1 A typical standby current

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PIC16C62B/72A
Pin Diagrams

SDIP, SOIC, SSOP, Windowed CERDIP

MCLR/VPP •1 28 RB7
RA0 2 27 RB6
RA1 3 26 RB5
RA2 4 25 RB4

PIC16C62B
RA3 5 24 RB3
RA4/T0CKI 6 23 RB2
RA5/SS 7 22 RB1
VSS 8 21 RB0/INT
OSC1/CLKIN 9 20 VDD
OSC2/CLKOUT 10 19 VSS
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 18 RC7
RC1/T1OSI 12 17 RC6
RC2/CCP1 13 16 RC5/SDO
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 15 RC4/SDI/SDA

Key Features
PIC16C62B PIC16C72A
PIC® Mid-Range Reference Manual (DS33023)

Operating Frequency DC - 20 MHz DC - 20 MHz

Resets (and Delays) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)
Program Memory (14-bit words) 2K 2K
Data Memory (bytes) 128 128
Interrupts 7 8
I/O Ports Ports A,B,C Ports A,B,C
Timers 3 3
Capture/Compare/PWM modules 1 1
Serial Communications SSP SSP
8-bit Analog-to-Digital Module — 5 input channels

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 PIC16C62B/72A
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Memory Organization ............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.0 I/O Ports ............................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.0 Timer0 Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.0 Timer1 Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.0 Timer2 Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
7.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Module ............................................................................................................... 33
8.0 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Module ............................................................................................................... 39
9.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ............................................................................................................ 49
10.0 Special Features of the CPU................................................................................................................................ 55
11.0 Instruction Set Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 67
12.0 Development Support........................................................................................................................................... 75
13.0 Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................................................................... 81
14.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables................................................................................................. 103
15.0 Packaging Information........................................................................................................................................ 105
Appendix A: Revision History ................................................................................................................................... 111
Appendix B: Conversion Considerations .................................................................................................................. 111
Appendix C: Migration from Base-line to Mid-Range Devices .................................................................................. 112
Index ........................................................................................................................................................................... 113
On-Line Support.......................................................................................................................................................... 117
Reader Response ....................................................................................................................................................... 118
PIC16C62B/72A Product Identification System .......................................................................................................... 119

To Our Valued Customers

Most Current Data Sheet
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The last character of the literature number is the version number. e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000.
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We constantly strive to improve the quality of all our products and documentation. We have spent a great deal of time to ensure that
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We appreciate your assistance in making this a better document.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 3

PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

DS35008C-page 4 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
1.0 DEVICE OVERVIEW ommended reading for a better understanding of the
device architecture and operation of the peripheral
This document contains device-specific information. modules.
Additional information may be found in the PIC® MCU
Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023), which may There are two devices (PIC16C62B, PIC16C72A) cov-
be obtained from your local Microchip Sales Represen- ered by this datasheet. The PIC16C62B does not have
tative or downloaded from the Microchip website. The the A/D module implemented.
Reference Manual should be considered a comple- Figure 1-1 is the block diagram for both devices. The
mentary document to this data sheet, and is highly rec- pinouts are listed in Table 1-1.

FIGURE 1-1: PIC16C62B/PIC16C72A BLOCK DIAGRAM

13 Data Bus 8 PORTA

Program Counter
EPROM RA0/AN0(2)
RA1/AN1(2)
2K x 14
RAM RA2/AN2(2)
Program 8 Level Stack RA3/AN3/VREF(2)
Memory (13-bit) 128 x 8
RA4/T0CKI
File
Registers RA5/SS/AN4(2)
Program 14
Bus RAM Addr(1) 9 PORTB
Addr MUX
Instruction reg
RB0/INT
Direct Addr 7 Indirect
8 Addr

FSR reg RB7:RB1

STATUS reg
8 PORTC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI
3 RC2/CCP1
Power-up MUX
RC3/SCK/SCL
Timer
RC4/SDI/SDA
Instruction Oscillator RC5/SDO
Decode & Start-up Timer RC6
ALU
Control RC7
Power-on
Reset 8
Timing Watchdog
Generation Timer W reg
OSC1/CLKIN Brown-out
OSC2/CLKOUT Reset

MCLR VDD, VSS

Timer0 Timer1 Timer2

Synchronous
CCP1 Serial Port A/D(2)

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

2: The A/D module is not available on the PIC16C62B.

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 1-1 PIC16C62B/PIC16C72A PINOUT DESCRIPTION
DIP SOIC I/O/P Buffer
Pin Name Description
Pin# Pin# Type Type

OSC1/CLKIN 9 9 I ST/CMOS(3) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC2/CLKOUT 10 10 O — Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in
crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, the OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes
the instruction cycle rate.
MCLR/VPP 1 1 I/P ST Master clear (reset) input or programming voltage input. This
pin is an active low reset to the device.
PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.
RA0/AN0(4) 2 2 I/O TTL RA0 can also be analog input 0

RA1/AN1(4) 3 3 I/O TTL RA1 can also be analog input 1

RA2/AN2(4) 4 4 I/O TTL RA2 can also be analog input 2

RA3/AN3/VREF (4) 5 5 I/O TTL RA3 can also be analog input 3 or analog reference voltage
RA4/T0CKI 6 6 I/O ST RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0 module.
Output is open drain type.
RA5/SS/AN4(4) 7 7 I/O TTL RA5 can also be analog input 4 or the slave select for the
synchronous serial port.
PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT 21 21 I/O TTL/ST(1) RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.
RB1 22 22 I/O TTL
RB2 23 23 I/O TTL
RB3 24 24 I/O TTL
RB4 25 25 I/O TTL Interrupt on change pin.
RB5 26 26 I/O TTL Interrupt on change pin.
RB6 27 27 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt on change pin. Serial programming clock.
RB7 28 28 I/O TTL/ST(2) Interrupt on change pin. Serial programming data.
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 11 11 I/O ST RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or Timer1
clock input.
RC1/T1OSI 12 12 I/O ST RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input.
RC2/CCP1 13 13 I/O ST RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1 output/
PWM1 output.
RC3/SCK/SCL 14 14 I/O ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/output
for both SPI and I2C modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA 15 15 I/O ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or
data I/O (I2C mode).
RC5/SDO 16 16 I/O ST RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).
RC6 17 17 I/O ST
RC7 18 18 I/O ST
VSS 8, 19 8, 19 P — Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
VDD 20 20 P — Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.
Legend: I = input O = output I/O = input/output P = power or program
— = Not used TTL = TTL input ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
4: The A/D module is not available on the PIC16C62B.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.0 MEMORY ORGANIZATION FIGURE 2-1: PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK
There are two memory blocks in each of these micro-
controllers. Each block (Program Memory and Data
Memory) has its own bus, so that concurrent access PC<12:0>
can occur. CALL, RETURN
RETFIE, RETLW 13
Additional information on device memory may be found
in the PICmicro Mid-Range Reference Manual,
(DS33023). Stack Level 1

2.1 Program Memory Organization

Stack Level 8
The PIC16C62B/72A devices have a 13-bit program
counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program
memory space. Each device has 2K x 14 words of pro- Reset Vector 0000h
gram memory. Accessing a location above 07FFh will
cause a wraparound.
The reset vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector is
Interrupt Vector

User Memory
at 0004h. 0004h
0005h

Space
On-chip Program
Memory

07FFh
0800h

1FFFh

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PIC16C62B/72A
2.2 Data Memory Organization FIGURE 2-2: REGISTER FILE MAP
The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks File File
which contain the General Purpose Registers and the Address Address
Special Function Registers. Bits RP1 and RP0 are the 00h INDF(1) INDF(1) 80h
bank select bits. 01h TMR0 OPTION_REG 81h
RP1(1) RP0 (STATUS<6:5>) 02h PCL PCL 82h
03h STATUS STATUS 83h
= 00  Bank0
= 01  Bank1 04h FSR FSR 84h
= 10  Bank2 (not implemented) 05h PORTA TRISA 85h
= 11  Bank3 (not implemented) 06h PORTB TRISB 86h
Note 1: Maintain this bit clear to ensure upward compati- 07h PORTC TRISC 87h
bility with future products.
08h — — 88h
Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower 09h — — 89h
locations of each bank are reserved for the Special 0Ah PCLATH PCLATH 8Ah
Function Registers. Above the Special Function Regis-
0Bh INTCON INTCON 8Bh
ters are General Purpose Registers, implemented as
0Ch PIR1 PIE1 8Ch
static RAM. All implemented banks contain Special
Function Registers. Some “high use” Special Function 0Dh — — 8Dh
Registers from one bank may be mirrored in another 0Eh TMR1L PCON 8Eh
bank for code reduction and quicker access. 0Fh TMR1H — 8Fh
10h T1CON — 90h
2.2.1 GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER FILE
11h TMR2 — 91h
The register file can be accessed either directly, or indi- 12h T2CON PR2 92h
rectly through the File Select Register FSR 13h SSPBUF SSPADD 93h
(Section 2.5).
14h SSPCON SSPSTAT 94h
15h CCPR1L — 95h
16h CCPR1H — 96h
17h CCP1CON — 97h
18h — — 98h
19h — — 99h
1Ah — — 9Ah
1Bh — — 9Bh
1Ch — — 9Ch
1Dh — — 9Dh
1Eh ADRES(2) — 9Eh
1Fh ADCON0(2) ADCON1(2) 9Fh
20h General A0h
Purpose
General Registers BFh
Purpose
— C0h
Registers
—
7Fh — FFh
Bank 0 Bank 1
Unimplemented data memory locations,
read as '0'.
Note 1: Not a physical register.
2: These registers are not implemented on the
PIC16C62B, read as '0'.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS The Special Function Registers can be classified into
two sets; core (CPU) and peripheral. Those registers
The Special Function Registers are registers used by associated with the core functions are described in
the CPU and Peripheral Modules for controlling the detail in this section. Those related to the operation of
desired operation of the device. These registers are the peripheral features are described in detail in the
implemented as static RAM. A list of these registers is peripheral feature section.
given in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Value on: Value on all
Addr Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, other resets
BOR (4)

Bank 0

00h INDF(1) Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000

01h TMR0 Timer0 module’s register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

02h PCL(1) Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000
03h STATUS(1) IRP(5) RP1(5) RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

04h FSR(1) Indirect data memory address pointer xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

05h PORTA(6,7) — — PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read --0x 0000 --0u 0000

06h PORTB(6,7) PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

07h PORTC(6,7) PORTC Data Latch when written: PORTC pins when read xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

08h-09h — Unimplemented — —

0Ah PCLATH(1,2) — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 ---0 0000

0Bh INTCON(1) GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
(3)
0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
0Dh — Unimplemented — —

0Eh TMR1L Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Fh TMR1H Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu

11h TMR2 Timer2 module’s register 0000 0000 0000 0000

12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

13h SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000

15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

18h-1Dh — Unimplemented — —

1Eh ADRES(3) A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Fh ADCON0(3) ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON 0000 00-0 0000 00-0
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0',
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as '0'.
Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.
2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for PC<12:8> whose contents
are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
3: A/D not implemented on the PIC16C62B, maintain as ’0’.
4: Other (non power-up) resets include: external reset through MCLR and the Watchdog Timer Reset.
5: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved. Always maintain these bits clear.
6: On any device reset, these pins are configured as inputs.
7: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 2-1 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (Cont.’d)
Value on: Value on all
Addr Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, other resets
BOR (4)

Bank 1

80h INDF(1) Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register) 0000 0000 0000 0000
81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111

82h PCL(1) Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte 0000 0000 0000 0000

83h STATUS(1) IRP(5) RP1(5) RP0 TO PD Z DC C 0001 1xxx 000q quuu

84h FSR(1) Indirect data memory address pointer xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111

86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111

88h-89h — Unimplemented — —
(1,2)
8Ah PCLATH — — — Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter ---0 0000 ---0 0000
8Bh INTCON(1) GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

8Ch PIE1 (3)

— ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

8Dh — Unimplemented — —

8Eh PCON — — — — — — POR BOR ---- --qq ---- --uu

8Fh-91h — Unimplemented — —

92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111

93h SSPADD Synchronous Serial Port (I2C mode) Address Register 0000 0000 0000 0000

94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 0000 0000

95h-9Eh — Unimplemented — —

9Fh ADCON1(3) — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as '0',
Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as '0'.
Note 1: These registers can be addressed from either bank.
2: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for PC<12:8> whose contents
are transferred to the upper byte of the program counter.
3: A/D not implemented on the PIC16C62B, maintain as ’0’.
4: Other (non power-up) resets include: external reset through MCLR and the Watchdog Timer Reset.
5: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved. Always maintain these bits clear.
6: On any device reset, these pins are configured as inputs.
7: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.1 STATUS REGISTER It is recommended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF,
SWAPF and MOVWF instructions are used to alter the
The STATUS register, shown in Register 2-1, contains STATUS register, because these instructions do not
the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status and affect the Z, C or DC bits from the STATUS register. For
the bank select bits for data memory. other instructions, not affecting any status bits, see the
The STATUS register can be the destination for any "Instruction Set Summary."
instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS
Note 1: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved. Main-
register is the destination for an instruction that affects
tain these bits clear to ensure upward
the Z, DC or C bits, the write to these three bits is dis-
compatibility with future products.
abled. These bits are set or cleared according to the
device logic. The TO and PD bits are not writable. The Note 2: The C and DC bits operate as a borrow
result of an instruction with the STATUS register as and digit borrow bit, respectively, in sub-
destination may be different than intended. traction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions.
For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper-three
bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).

REGISTER 2-1: STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R-1 R-1 R/W-x R/W-x R/W-x

IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: IRP: Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)
(reserved, maintain clear)
bit 6-5: RP1:RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)
01 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh)
Each bank is 128 bytes
Note: RP1 is reserved, maintain clear
bit 4: TO: Time-out bit
1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred
bit 3: PD: Power-down bit
1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction
bit 2: Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
bit 1: DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions) (for borrow, the polarity is reversed)
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result
bit 0: C: Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF, ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions) (for borrow, the polarity is reversed)
1 = A carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred

Note: For borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the two’s complement of the
second operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low order bit of
the source register.

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PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.2 OPTION_REG REGISTER
Note: To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for
The OPTION_REG register is a readable and writable the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
register, which contains various control bits to configure the Watchdog Timer.
the TMR0 prescaler/WDT postscaler (single assign-
able register known as the prescaler), the External INT
Interrupt, TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.

REGISTER 2-2: OPTION_REG REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h)

R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1 R/W-1

RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled for all PORTB inputs
bit 6: INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit
1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin
bit 5: T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit
1 = Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)
bit 4: T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit
1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
bit 3: PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit
1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module
bit 2-0: PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits
Bit Value TMR0 Rate WDT Rate

000 1:2 1:1

001 1:4 1:2
010 1:8 1:4
011 1 : 16 1:8
100 1 : 32 1 : 16
101 1 : 64 1 : 32
110 1 : 128 1 : 64
111 1 : 256 1 : 128

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.3 INTCON REGISTER
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
The INTCON Register is a readable and writable regis- condition occurs, regardless of the state of
ter, which contains various interrupt enable and flag its corresponding enable bit or the global
bits for the TMR0 register overflow, RB Port change enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User soft-
and External RB0/INT pin interrupts. ware should ensure the appropriate inter-
rupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt.

REGISTER 2-3: INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-x

GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all un-masked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts
bit 6: PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables all un-masked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts
bit 5: T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt
bit 4: IINTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt
bit 3: RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt
bit 2: T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (software must clear bit)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow
bit 1: INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (software must clear bit)
0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur
bit 0: RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit
1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 input pins have changed state (clear by reading PORTB)
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 input pins have changed state

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PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.4 PIE1 REGISTER Note: Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to
This register contains the individual enable bits for the enable any peripheral interrupt.
peripheral interrupts.

REGISTER 2-4: PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— ADIE(1) — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6: ADIE(1): A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the A/D interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D interrupt
bit 5-4: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3: SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the SSP interrupt
0 = Disables the SSP interrupt
bit 2: CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt
bit 1: TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
bit 0: TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt

Note 1: The PIC16C62B does not have an A/D module. This bit location is reserved on these devices. Always maintain this
bit clear.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.5 PIR1 REGISTER
Note: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
This register contains the individual flag bits for the condition occurs, regardless of the state of
Peripheral interrupts. its corresponding enable bit or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User soft-
ware should ensure the appropriate inter-
rupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt.

REGISTER 2-5: PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)

U-0 R/W-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— ADIF(1) — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6: ADIF(1): A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete
bit 5-4: Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 3: SSPIF: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag bit
1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0 = Waiting to transmit/receive
bit 2: CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture Mode
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare Mode
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM Mode
Unused in this mode
bit 1: TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
bit 0: TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow

Note 1: The PIC16C62B does not have an A/D module. This bit location is reserved on these devices. Always maintain this
bit clear.

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PIC16C62B/72A
2.2.2.6 PCON REGISTER Note: On Power-on Reset, the state of the BOR
The Power Control register (PCON) contains flag bits to bit is unknown and is not predictable.
allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset (POR), If the BODEN bit in the configuration word
Brown-Out Reset (BOR) and resets from other is set, the user must first set the BOR bit on
sources. . a POR, and check it on subsequent resets.
If BOR is cleared while POR remains set,
a Brown-out reset has occurred.
If the BODEN bit is clear, the BOR bit may
be ignored.

REGISTER 2-6: PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-q

— — — — — — POR BOR R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7-2: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 1: POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
bit 0: BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)

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 PIC16C62B/72A
2.3 PCL and PCLATH 2.4 Program Memory Paging
The program counter (PC) specifies the address of the The CALL and GOTO instructions provide 11 bits of
instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 13 bits address to allow branching within any 2K program
wide. The low byte is called the PCL register and is memory page. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction,
readable and writable. The high byte is called the PCH the upper bit of the address is provided by
register. This register contains the PC<12:8> bits and PCLATH<3>. The user must ensure that the page
is not directly accessible. All updates to the PCH regis- select bit is programmed to address the proper pro-
ter go through the PCLATH register. gram memory page. If a return from a CALL instruction
(or interrupt) is executed, the entire 13-bit PC is popped
2.3.1 STACK from the stack. Therefore, manipulation of the
PCLATH<3> bit is not required for the return instruc-
The stack allows any combination of up to 8 program
tions.
calls and interrupts to occur. The stack contains the
return address from this branch in program execution.
Mid-range devices have an 8 level deep hardware
stack. The stack space is not part of either program or
data space and the stack pointer is not accessible. The
PC is PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction
is executed or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack
is POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RET-
FIE instruction execution. PCLATH is not modified
when the stack is PUSHed or POPed.
After the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
push overwrites the value that was stored from the first
push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and
so on).

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PIC16C62B/72A
2.5 Indirect Addressing, INDF and FSR EXAMPLE 2-1: HOW TO CLEAR RAM
Registers USING INDIRECT
ADDRESSING
The INDF register is not a physical register. Address-
ing INDF actually addresses the register whose movlw 0x20 ;initialize pointer
address is contained in the FSR register (FSR is a movwf FSR ; to RAM
pointer). NEXT clrf INDF ;clear INDF register
incf FSR ;inc pointer
Reading INDF itself indirectly (FSR = 0) will produce btfss FSR,4 ;all done?
00h. Writing to the INDF register indirectly results in a goto NEXT ;NO, clear next
no-operation (although STATUS bits may be affected). CONTINUE
: ;YES, continue
A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh
using indirect addressing is shown in Example 2-1. An effective 9-bit address is obtained by concatenating
the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit (STATUS<7>), as
shown in Figure 2-3. However, IRP is not used in the
PIC16C62B/72A.

FIGURE 2-3: DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING

Direct Addressing Indirect Addressing

RP1:RP0 6 from opcode 0 IRP 7 FSR register 0
(1) (1)

bank select location select bank select location select

00 01 10 11
00h 80h 100h 180h

not used
Data (2) (2)
Memory

7Fh FFh 17Fh 1FFh

Bank 0 Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3
Note 1: Maintain clear for upward compatibility with future products.
2: Not implemented.

DS35008C-page 18 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
3.0 I/O PORTS FIGURE 3-1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RA3:RA0 AND RA5 PINS
Some I/O port pins are multiplexed with an alternate
function for the peripheral features on the device. In Data
general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not Bus
D Q
be used as a general purpose I/O pin.
VDD
Additional information on I/O ports may be found in the WR
Port
PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023). CK Q
P

3.1 PORTA and the TRISA Register Data Latch

D Q N I/O pin(1)
PORTA is a 6-bit wide bi-directional port. The corre-
sponding data direction register is TRISA. Setting a WR
TRISA bit (=1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin TRIS
CK Q VSS
an input, i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a Analog
hi-impedance mode. Clearing a TRISA bit (=0) will input
TRIS Latch mode
make the corresponding PORTA pin an output, (i.e., put
(72A
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). only)
The PORTA register reads the state of the pins, RD TRIS TTL
whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write input
operations are read-modify-write operations. There- buffer
Q D
fore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are read,
this value is modified, and then written to the port data
latch.
EN
Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock
input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/T0CKI RD PORT
pin is a Schmitt Trigger input and an open drain output.
All other RA port pins have TTL input levels and full
CMOS output drivers. To A/D Converter (72A only)

Pin RA5 is multiplexed with the SSP to become the Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and
RA5/SS pin. VSS.
On the PIC16C72A device, other PORTA pins are mul-
tiplexed with analog inputs and analog VREF input. The
FIGURE 3-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
operation of each pin is selected by clearing/setting the
control bits in the ADCON1 register (A/D Control
RA4/T0CKI PIN
Register1). Data
Bus D Q
Note: On a Power-on Reset, pins with analog WR
functions are configured as analog inputs PORT
CK Q
with digital input buffers disabled . A digital I/O pin(1)
N
read of these pins will return ’0’. Data Latch
The TRISA register controls the direction of the RA D Q VSS
pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs. WR
The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are TRIS CK Q Schmitt
Trigger
maintained set when using them as analog inputs. input
TRIS Latch
buffer

RD TRIS

Q D

EN
EN
RD PORT

TMR0 clock input

Note 1: I/O pin has protection diodes to VSS only.

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 3-1 PORTA FUNCTIONS

Name Bit# Buffer Function

RA0/AN0 bit0 TTL Input/output or analog input(1)
RA1/AN1 bit1 TTL Input/output or analog input(1)
RA2/AN2 bit2 TTL Input/output or analog input(1)
RA3/AN3/VREF bit3 TTL Input/output or analog input(1) or VREF(1)
Input/output or external clock input for Timer0
RA4/T0CKI bit4 ST Output is open drain type
RA5/SS/AN4 bit5 TTL Input/output or slave select input for synchronous serial port or analog input(1)
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: The PIC16C62B does not implement the A/D module.

TABLE 3-2 SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA

Value on
Value on all
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR,
other resets
BOR

05h PORTA — — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --0x 0000 --0u 0000
(for PIC16C72A only)

05h PORTA — — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --xx xxxx --uu uuuu
(for PIC16C62B only)

85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
9Fh ADCON1(1) — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
Note 1: The PIC16C62B does not implement the A/D module. Maintain this register clear.

DS35008C-page 20 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
3.2 PORTB and the TRISB Register Four of PORTB’s pins, RB7:RB4, have an interrupt on
change feature. Only pins configured as inputs can
PORTB is an 8-bit wide bi-directional port. The corre- cause this interrupt to occur (i.e. any RB7:RB4 pin con-
sponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a figured as an output is excluded from the interrupt on
TRISB bit (=1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin change comparison). The input pins (of RB7:RB4) are
an input, (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a compared with the old value latched on the last read of
hi-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (=0) will PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of RB7:RB4 are
make the corresponding PORTB pin an output, (i.e., OR’ed together to generate the RB Port Change Inter-
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). rupt with flag bit RBIF (INTCON<0>).
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A This interrupt can wake the device from SLEEP. The
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is per- user, in the interrupt service routine, can clear the inter-
formed by clearing bit RBPU (OPTION_REG<7>). The rupt in the following manner:
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
a) Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are dis-
mismatch condition.
abled on a Power-on Reset.
b) Clear flag bit RBIF.
FIGURE 3-3: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF.
RB3:RB0 PINS Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
VDD allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.
RBPU(2) weak The interrupt on change feature is recommended for
P pull-up
wake-up on key depression operation and operations
Data Latch
Data Bus where PORTB is only used for the interrupt on change
D Q
feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
WR Port I/O
CK using the interrupt on change feature.
pin(1)
TRIS Latch RB0/INT is an external interupt pin and is configured
D Q using the INTEDG bit (OPTION_REG<6>). RB0/INT is
TTL
Input discussed in detail in Section 10.10.1.
WR TRIS
CK Buffer

FIGURE 3-4: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF

RB7:RB4 PINS
RD TRIS VDD
Q D RBPU(2) weak
P pull-up

RD Port EN Data Latch

Data Bus
D Q
I/O
RB0/INT WR Port
CK pin(1)
Schmitt Trigger RD Port TRIS Latch
Buffer
D Q
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s) WR TRIS TTL
CK Input
and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).
Buffer ST
Buffer

RD TRIS Latch
Q D

RD Port EN Q1
Set RBIF

From other Q D
RB7:RB4 pins RD Port
EN
Q3
RB7:RB6 in serial programming mode
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS bit(s)
and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 3-3 PORTB FUNCTIONS

Name Bit# Buffer Function

RB0/INT bit0 TTL/ST(1)
Input/output pin or external interrupt input.
Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB1 bit1 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB2 bit2 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB3 bit3 TTL Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB4 bit4 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt on change).
Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB5 bit5 TTL Input/output pin (with interrupt on change).
Internal software programmable weak pull-up.
RB6 bit6 TTL/ST(2) Input/output pin (with interrupt on change).
Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming clock.
RB7 bit7 TTL/ST(2) Input/output pin (with interrupt on change).
Internal software programmable weak pull-up. Serial programming data.
Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in serial programming mode.

TABLE 3-4 SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB

Value on:
Value on all
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR,
other resets
BOR

06h PORTB RB7 RB6 RB5 RB4 RB3 RB2 RB1 RB0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
86h TRISB PORTB Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
3.3 PORTC and the TRISC Register
PORTC is an 8-bit wide bi-directional port. The corre-
sponding data direction register is TRISC. Setting a
TRISC bit (=1) will make the corresponding PORTC pin
an input, (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
hi-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (=0) will
make the corresponding PORTC pin an output, (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions
(Table 3-5). PORTC pins have Schmitt Trigger input
buffers.
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an out-
put, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override maybe
in effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify-
write instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISC as
destination should be avoided. The user should refer to
the corresponding peripheral section for the correct
TRIS bit settings.

FIGURE 3-5: PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM

(PERIPHERAL OUTPUT
OVERRIDE)

PORT/PERIPHERAL Select(2)

Peripheral Data Out VDD

0
Data Bus D Q
WR P
1
PORT CK Q

Data Latch
D Q I/O
WR pin(1)
TRIS CK Q N
TRIS Latch
VSS

Schmitt
RD TRIS Trigger
Peripheral
OE(3) Q D

EN
RD
PORT
Peripheral input
Note 1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
2: Port/Peripheral select signal selects between port
data and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (output enable) is only activated if
peripheral select is active.

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 3-5 PORTC FUNCTIONS

Buffer TRISC
Name Bit# Function
Type Override

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI bit0 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator output/Timer1 clock input Yes
RC1/T1OSI bit1 ST Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator input Yes
RC2/CCP1 bit2 ST Input/output port pin or Capture1 input/Compare1 output/PWM1 No
output
RC3/SCK/SCL bit3 ST RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock for both SPI and I2C No
modes.
RC4/SDI/SDA bit4 ST RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or data I/O (I2C mode). No
RC5/SDO bit5 ST Input/output port pin or Synchronous Serial Port data output No
RC6 bit6 ST Input/output port pin No
RC7 bit7 ST Input/output port pin No
Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input

TABLE 3-6 SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC

Value on:
Value on all
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR,
other resets
BOR

07h PORTC RC7 RC6 RC5 RC4 RC3 RC2 RC1 RC0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
4.0 TIMER0 MODULE Additional information on external clock requirements
is available in the Electrical Specifications section of
The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following fea- this manual, and in the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Refer-
tures: ence Manual, (DS33023).
• 8-bit timer/counter
- Read and write 4.2 Prescaler
- INT on overflow An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the
• 8-bit software programmable prescaler Timer0 module, or as a postscaler for the Watchdog
• INT or EXT clock select Timer, respectively (Figure 4-2). For simplicity, this
- EXT clock edge select counter is being referred to as “prescaler” throughout
this data sheet. There is only one prescaler available
Figure 4-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer0 which is shared between the Timer0 module and the
module. Watchdog Timer. A prescaler assignment for the
Additional information on timer modules is available in Timer0 module means that there is no prescaler for the
the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual, Watchdog Timer, and vice-versa.
(DS33023). The prescaler is not readable or writable.
4.1 Timer0 Operation The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)
determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.
Timer0 can operate as a timer or as a counter.
Clearing bit PSA will assign the prescaler to the Timer0
Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS module. When the prescaler is assigned to the Timer0
(OPTION_REG<5>). In timer mode, the Timer0 mod- module, prescale values of 1:2, 1:4, ..., 1:256 are
ule will increment every instruction cycle (without pres- selectable.
caler). If the TMR0 register is written, the increment is
Setting bit PSA will assign the prescaler to the Watch-
inhibited for the following two instruction cycles. The
dog Timer (WDT). When the prescaler is assigned to
user can work around this by writing an adjusted value
the WDT, prescale values of 1:1, 1:2, ..., 1:128 are
to the TMR0 register.
selectable.
Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
(OPTION_REG<5>). In counter mode, Timer0 will
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g. CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,
increment either on every rising or falling edge of pin
BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When
RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by
assigned to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the
the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit T0SE
prescaler along with the WDT.
(OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the ris-
ing edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are Note: Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is
discussed below. assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler
When an external clock input is used for Timer0, it must count, but will not change the prescaler
meet certain requirements. The requirements ensure assignment or ratio.
the external clock can be synchronized with the internal
phase clock (TOSC). Also, there is a delay in the actual
incrementing of Timer0 after synchronization.

FIGURE 4-1: TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Data Bus
FOSC/4 0
PSout 8
1
Sync with
1 Internal TMR0
clocks
RA4/T0CKI Programmable 0 PSout
pin Prescaler
T0SE (TCY delay)
3
Set interrupt
PS2, PS1, PS0 PSA flag bit T0IF
T0CS on overflow

Note 1: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

2: The prescaler is shared with Watchdog Timer (refer to Figure 4-2 for detailed block diagram).

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PIC16C62B/72A
4.2.1 SWITCHING PRESCALER ASSIGNMENT 4.3 Timer0 Interrupt
The prescaler assignment is fully under software con- The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 reg-
trol, (i.e., it can be changed “on-the-fly” during program ister overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets bit
execution). T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be masked by
clearing bit T0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit T0IF must be
Note: To avoid an unintended device RESET, a
cleared in software by the Timer0 module interrupt ser-
specific instruction sequence (shown in the
vice routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The
PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor from
DS33023) must be executed when chang-
SLEEP since the timer is shut off during SLEEP.
ing the prescaler assignment from Timer0
to the WDT. This sequence must be fol-
lowed even if the WDT is disabled.

FIGURE 4-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

CLKOUT (= Fosc/4) Data Bus

8
M 1
0
RA4/T0CKI U M
X SYNC
pin U 2 TMR0 reg
1 0
X TCY

T0SE
T0CS
PSA Set flag bit T0IF
on Overflow
Prescaler

0
M 8-bit Prescaler
U
Watchdog 1 X 8
Timer

8 - to - 1MUX PS2:PS0
PSA

0 1
WDT Enable bit
MUX PSA

WDT
Time-out

Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

TABLE 4-1 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Value on:
Value on all
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR,
other resets
BOR

01h TMR0 Timer0 module’s register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0 1111 1111 1111 1111
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

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5.0 TIMER1 MODULE 5.1 Timer1 Operation
The Timer1 module timer/counter has the following fea- Timer1 can operate in one of these modes:
tures:
• As a timer
• 16-bit timer/counter • As a synchronous counter
• Readable and writable • As an asynchronous counter
• Internal or external clock select
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
• Interrupt on overflow from FFFFh to 0000h bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>).
• Reset from CCP module trigger
In timer mode, Timer1 increments every instruction
Timer1 has a control register, shown in Register 5-1. cycle. In counter mode, it increments on every rising
Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing edge of the external clock input.
control bit TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled (T1OSCEN is
Figure 5-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer1 set), the RC1/T1OSI and RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI pins
module. become inputs. That is, the TRISC<1:0> value is
Additional information on timer modules is available in ignored.
the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual, Timer1 also has an internal “reset input”. This reset can
(DS33023). be generated by the CCP module as a special event
trigger (Section 7.0).

REGISTER 5-1:T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 10h)

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
bit7 bit0
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7-6: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 5-4: T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11 = 1:8 Prescale value
10 = 1:4 Prescale value
01 = 1:2 Prescale value
00 = 1:1 Prescale value
bit 3: T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bit
1 = Oscillator is enabled (TRISC<1:0> ignored)
0 = Oscillator is shut off
(The oscillator is turned off to reduce power drain
bit 2: T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
TMR1CS = 1
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
TMR1CS = 0
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.
bit 1: TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit
1 = External clock from pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (on the rising edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)
bit 0: TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1 = Enables Timer1
0 = Stops Timer1

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PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 5-1: TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Set flag bit
TMR1IF on
Overflow Synchronized
TMR1 0
clock input
TMR1H TMR1L
1
TMR1ON
on/off T1SYNC
T1OSC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 1
Synchronize
Prescaler
T1OSCEN FOSC/4 1, 2, 4, 8 det
Enable Internal 0
RC1/T1OSI Oscillator(1) Clock 2 SLEEP input
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0
TMR1CS

Note 1: When the T1OSCEN bit is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off. This eliminates power drain.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
5.2 Timer1 Oscillator 5.3 Timer1 Interrupt
A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins T1OSI The TMR1 Register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments
(input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The
setting control bit T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). When the TMR1 Interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow
Timer1 oscillator is enabled, RC0 and RC1 pins and is latched in interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
become T1OSO and T1OSI inputs, overriding This interrupt can be enabled by setting TMR1 interrupt
TRISC<1:0>. enable bit TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).
The oscillator is a low power oscillator rated up to 200
5.4 Resetting Timer1 using a CCP Trigger
kHz. It will continue to run during SLEEP. It is primarily
Output
intended for a 32 kHz crystal. Table 5-1 shows the
capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator. If the CCP module is configured in compare mode to
The Timer1 oscillator is identical to the LP oscillator. generate a “special event trigger" (CCP1M3:CCP1M0
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure = 1011), this signal will reset Timer1 and start an A/D
proper oscillator start-up. conversion (if the A/D module is enabled).

TABLE 5-1 CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR Note: The special event trigger from the CCP1
THE TIMER1 OSCILLATOR module will not set interrupt flag bit
TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).
Osc Type Freq C1 C2 Timer1 must be configured for either timer or synchro-
LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF nized counter mode to take advantage of this feature. If
100 kHz 15 pF 15 pF Timer1 is running in asynchronous counter mode, this
reset operation may not work.
200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF
These values are for design guidance only. In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a spe-
cial event trigger from CCP1, the write will take prece-
Crystals Tested: dence.
32.768 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A  20 PPM In this mode of operation, the CCPR1H:CCPR1L regis-
100 kHz Epson C-2 100.00 KC-P  20 PPM ters pair effectively becomes the period register for
200 kHz STD XTL 200.000 kHz  20 PPM Timer1.
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of oscillator but also increases the start-up
time.
2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult the
resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropri-
ate values of external components.
TABLE 5-2 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

0Eh TMR1L Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

0Fh TMR1H Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.

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PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

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 PIC16C62B/72A
6.0 TIMER2 MODULE Additional information on timer modules is available in
the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
The Timer2 module timer has the following features: (DS33023).
• 8-bit timer (TMR2 register)
- Readable and writable FIGURE 6-1: TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
• 8-bit period register (PR2) Sets flag
TMR2
- Readable and writable bit TMR2IF output (1)
• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)
• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16) Reset Prescaler
TMR2 reg FOSC/4
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
• Interrupt on match (TMR2 = PR2)
Postscaler 2
• Timer2 can be used by SSP and CCP Comparator
1:1 to 1:16 EQ
Timer2 has a control register, shown in Register 6-1.
Timer2 can be shut off by clearing control bit TMR2ON 4 PR2 reg
(T2CON<2>) to minimize power consumption.
Figure 6-1 is a simplified block diagram of the Timer2
Note 1: TMR2 register output can be software selected
module. by the SSP Module as a baud clock.

REGISTER 6-1:T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 12h)

U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 6-3: TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits
0000 = 1:1 Postscale
0001 = 1:2 Postscale
0010 = 1:3 Postscale
•
•
•
1111 = 1:16 Postscale
bit 2: TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1 = Timer2 is on
0 = Timer2 is off
bit 1-0: T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16

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PIC16C62B/72A
6.1 Timer2 Operation 6.2 Timer2 Interrupt
The Timer2 output is also used by the CCP module to The Timer2 module has an 8-bit period register PR2.
generate the PWM "On-Time", and the PWM period Timer2 increments from 00h until it matches PR2 and
with a match with PR2. then resets to 00h on the next increment cycle. PR2 is
The TMR2 register is readable and writable, and is a readable and writable register. The PR2 register is ini-
cleared on any device reset. tialized to FFh upon reset.

The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option of 1:1, 6.3 Output of TMR2
1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>). The output of TMR2 (before the postscaler) is fed to the
Synchronous Serial Port module, which optionally uses
The match output of TMR2 goes through a 4-bit post-
it to generate shift clock.
scaler (which gives a 1:1 to 1:16 scaling) to generate a
TMR2 interrupt (latched in flag bit TMR2IF, (PIR1<1>)).
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
when any of the following occurs:
• a write to the TMR2 register
• a write to the T2CON register
• any device reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR reset,
Watchdog Timer reset or Brown-out Reset)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.

TABLE 6-1 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -00- 0000 0000 0000

8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 0000 0000

11h TMR2 Timer2 module’s register 0000 0000 0000 0000

12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 Period Register 1111 1111 1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
7.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM Additional information on the CCP module is available
in the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
(CCP) MODULE
(DS33023).
The CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) module contains a
16-bit register, which can operate as a 16-bit capture TABLE 7-1 CCP MODE - TIMER
register, as a 16-bit compare register or as a PWM RESOURCE
master/slave duty cycle register. Table 7-1 shows the
timer resources of the CCP module modes. CCP Mode Timer Resource

Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 (CCPR1) is com- Capture Timer1

prised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and Compare Timer1
CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP1CON register controls PWM Timer2
the operation of CCP1. All are readable and writable.
TABLE 7-2 INTERACTION OF TWO CCP MODULES

CCPx Mode CCPy Mode Interaction

Capture Capture Same TMR1 time-base.

Capture Compare The compare should be configured for the special event trigger, which clears TMR1.
Compare Compare The compare(s) should be configured for the special event trigger, which clears TMR1.
PWM PWM The PWMs will have the same frequency and update rate (TMR2 interrupt).
PWM Capture None.
PWM Compare None.

REGISTER 7-1:CCP1CON REGISTER (ADDRESS 17h)

U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read
as ‘0’
- n =Value at POR reset
bit 7-6: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 5-4: CCP1X:CCP1Y: PWM Least Significant bits
Capture Mode: Unused
Compare Mode: Unused
PWM Mode: These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPR1L.
bit 3-0: CCP1M3:CCP1M0: CCP1 Mode Select bits
0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets CCP1 module)
0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCP1IF bit is set)
1001 = Compare mode, clear output on match (CCP1IF bit is set)
1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCP1IF bit is set, CCP1 pin is unaffected)
1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCP1IF bit is set; CCP1 resets TMR1 and starts an A/D
conversion (if A/D module is enabled))
11xx = PWM mode

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PIC16C62B/72A
7.1 Capture Mode 7.1.4 CCP PRESCALER

In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the There are four prescaler settings, specified by bits
16-bit value of the TMR1 register, when an event CCP1M3:CCP1M0. Whenever the CCP module is
occurs on pin RC2/CCP1. An event is defined as: turned off, or the CCP module is not in capture mode,
the prescaler counter is cleared. This means that any
• every falling edge
reset will clear the prescaler counter.
• every rising edge
Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
• every 4th rising edge
generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
• every 16th rising edge not be cleared, therefore the first capture may be from
An event is selected by control bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0 a non-zero prescaler. Example 7-1 shows the recom-
(CCP1CON<3:0>). When a capture is made, the inter- mended method for switching between capture pres-
rupt request flag bit ,CCP1IF (PIR1<2>), is set. It must calers. This example also clears the prescaler counter
be cleared in software. If another capture occurs before and will not generate the “false” interrupt.
the value in register CCPR1 is read, the old captured
value will be lost. EXAMPLE 7-1: CHANGING BETWEEN
CAPTURE PRESCALERS
FIGURE 7-1: CAPTURE MODE OPERATION CLRF CCP1CON ;Turn CCP module off
BLOCK DIAGRAM MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ;Load the W reg with
; the new prescaler
Set flag bit CCP1IF ; mode value and CCP ON
Prescaler (PIR1<2>)
MOVWF CCP1CON ;Load CCP1CON with this
 1, 4, 16 ; value
RC2/CCP1 CCPR1H CCPR1L
Pin

and Capture
edge detect Enable

TMR1H TMR1L
CCP1CON<3:0>
Q’s

7.1.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

In Capture mode, the RC2/CCP1 pin should be config-

ured as an input by setting the TRISC<2> bit.
Note: If the RC2/CCP1 is configured as an out-
put, a write to the port can cause a capture
condition.

7.1.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION

Timer1 must be running in timer mode or synchronized

counter mode for the CCP module to use the capture
feature. In asynchronous counter mode, the capture
operation may not work consistently.

7.1.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT

When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture

interrupt may be generated. The user should clear
CCP1IE (PIE1<2>) before changing the capture mode
to avoid false interrupts. Clear the interrupt flag bit,
CCP1IE before setting CCP1IE.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
7.2 Compare Mode 7.2.1 CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is The user must configure the RC2/CCP1 pin as an out-
constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair put by clearing the TRISC<2> bit.
value. When a match occurs, the RC2/CCP1 pin is:
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force
• driven High the RC2/CCP1 compare output latch to the
• driven Low default low level. This is not the data latch.
• remains Unchanged
7.2.2 TIMER1 MODE SELECTION
The action on the pin is based on the value of control
bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCP1CON<3:0>). The inter- Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchro-
rupt flag bit, CCP1IF, is set on all compare matches. nized Counter mode if the CCP module is using the
compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
FIGURE 7-2: COMPARE MODE compare operation may not work.
OPERATION BLOCK 7.2.3 SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
DIAGRAM
When a generated software interrupt is chosen, the
Special event trigger will: CCP1 pin is not affected. Only a CCP interrupt is gen-
reset Timer1, but not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>), erated (if enabled).
and set bit GO/DONE (ADCON0<2>), which starts an A/D
conversion 7.2.4 SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER

Special Event Trigger In this mode, an internal hardware trigger is generated,

which may be used to initiate an action.
Set flag bit CCP1IF
(PIR1<2>) The special event trigger output of CCP1 resets the
CCPR1H CCPR1L TMR1 register pair. This allows the CCPR1 register to
effectively be a 16-bit programmable period register for
Q S Output
Logic Comparator Timer1.
RC2/CCP1 R match
Pin The special trigger output of CCP1 resets the TMR1
TRISC<2> TMR1H TMR1L
Output Enable CCP1CON<3:0> register pair and starts an A/D conversion (if the A/D
Mode Select module is enabled).

TABLE 7-3 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, AND TIMER1

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets
0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
0Eh TMR1L Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
0Fh TMR1H Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
10h T1CON — — T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by Capture and Timer1.

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PIC16C62B/72A
7.3 PWM Mode 7.3.1 PWM PERIOD

In Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCP1 pin The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2 reg-
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since ister. The PWM period can be calculated using the fol-
the CCP1 pin is multiplexed with the PORTC data latch, lowing formula:
the TRISC<2> bit must be cleared to make the CCP1 PWM period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
pin an output. (TMR2 prescale value)
Note: Clearing the CCP1CON register will force PWM frequency is defined as 1 / [PWM period].
the CCP1 PWM output latch to the default
When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
low level. This is not the PORTC I/O data
occur on the next increment cycle:
latch.
• TMR2 is cleared
Figure 7-3 shows a simplified block diagram of the CCP
module in PWM mode. • The CCP1 pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCP1 pin will not be set)
For a step by step procedure on how to set up the CCP
• The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPR1L into
module for PWM operation, see Section 7.3.3.
CCPR1H

FIGURE 7-3: SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK

Note: The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 6.0) is
DIAGRAM not used in the determination of the PWM
frequency. The postscaler could be used to
Duty Cycle Registers CCP1CON<5:4>
have a servo update rate at a different fre-
CCPR1L quency than the PWM output.

7.3.2 PWM ON-TIME

The PWM on-time is specified by writing to the

CCPR1H (Slave) CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. CCPR1L contains eight
Comparator R Q MSbs and CCP1CON<5:4> contains two LSbs. This
10-bit value is represented by
RC2/CCP1 CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is
TMR2 (Note 1)
S used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
PWM on-time = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •
Comparator TRISC<2>
Tosc • (TMR2 prescale value)
Clear Timer,
CCP1 pin and CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
latch D.C.
PR2 time, but the on-time value is not latched into CCPR1H
until after a match between PR2 and TMR2 occurs (i.e.,
Note 1: 8-bit timer is concatenated with 2-bit internal Q clock the period is complete). In PWM mode, CCPR1H is a
or 2 bits of the prescaler to create 10-bit time-base.
read-only register.

A PWM output (Figure 7-4) has a time base (period) The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
and a time that the output stays high (on-time). The fre- used to double buffer the PWM on-time. This double
quency of the PWM is the inverse of the period buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation.
(1/period). When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2 con-
catenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or 2 bits of the
FIGURE 7-4: PWM OUTPUT TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.
Maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
Period frequency:

Fosc
log ( Fpwm )
Resolution = bits
On-Time log(2)

TMR2 = PR2
Note: If the PWM on-time value is larger than the
TMR2 = Duty Cycle PWM period, the CCP1 pin will not be
cleared.
TMR2 = PR2
For an example PWM period and on-time calculation,
see the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
(DS33023).

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 PIC16C62B/72A
7.3.3 SET-UP FOR PWM OPERATION

The following steps should be taken when configuring

the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 regis-
ter.
2. Set the PWM on-time by writing to the CCPR1L
register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the
TRISC<2> bit.
4. Set the TMR2 prescale value and enable Timer2
by writing to T2CON.
5. Configure the CCP1 module for PWM operation.
TABLE 7-4 EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 20 MHz

PWM Frequency 1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12 kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16) 16 4 1 1 1 1
PR2 Value 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x3F 0x1F 0x17
Maximum Resolution (bits) 10 10 10 8 7 5.5
TABLE 7-5 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
11h TMR2 Timer2 module’s register 0000 0000 0000 0000
92h PR2 Timer2 module’s period register 1111 1111 1111 1111
12h T2CON — TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000
15h CCPR1L Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (LSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
16h CCPR1H Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (MSB) xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
17h CCP1CON — — CCP1X CCP1Y CCP1M3 CCP1M2 CCP1M1 CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.

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PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

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 PIC16C62B/72A
8.0 SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT ister, and then set bit SSPEN. This configures the SDI,
SDO, SCK and SS pins as serial port pins. For the pins
(SSP) MODULE
to behave as the serial port function, they must have
8.1 SSP Module Overview their data direction bits (in the TRISC register) appro-
priately programmed. That is:
The Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) module is a serial • SDI must have TRISC<4> set
interface useful for communicating with other periph-
• SDO must have TRISC<5> cleared
eral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be Serial EEPROMs, shift registers, dis- • SCK (master operation) must have TRISC<3>
play drivers, A/D converters, etc. The SSP module can cleared
operate in one of two modes: • SCK (Slave mode) must have TRISC<3> set
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) • SS must have TRISA<5> set (if used)
• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
Note: When the SPI is in Slave Mode with SS pin
For more information on SSP operation (including an
control enabled, (SSPCON<3:0> = 0100)
I2C Overview), refer to the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Ref-
the SPI module will reset if the SS pin is set
erence Manual, (DS33023). Also, refer to Application
to VDD.
Note AN578, “Use of the SSP Module in the I 2C Multi-
Master Environment.” Note: If the SPI is used in Slave Mode with
CKE = '1', then the SS pin control must be
8.2 SPI Mode enabled.

This section contains register definitions and opera-

FIGURE 8-1: SSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
tional characteristics of the SPI module.
(SPI MODE)
Additional information on SPI operation may be found Internal
in the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual, Data Bus
(DS33023).
Read Write
8.2.1 OPERATION OF SSP MODULE IN SPI
MODE SSPBUF reg

A block diagram of the SSP Module in SPI Mode is

shown in Figure 8-1.
The SPI mode allows 8-bits of data to be synchro- SSPSR reg
nously transmitted and received simultaneously. To RC4/SDI/SDA bit0 Shift
accomplish communication, three pins are used: Clock

• Serial Data Out (SDO)RC5/SDO RC5/SDO

• Serial Data In (SDI)RC4/SDI/SDA
• Serial Clock (SCK)RC3/SCK/SCL
SS Control
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a slave Enable
mode of operation:
RA5/SS/AN4 Edge
• Slave Select (SS)RA5/SS/AN4 Select
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate 2
Clock Select
control bits in the SSPCON register (SSPCON<5:0>)
and SSPSTAT<7:6>. These control bits allow the fol-
SSPM3:SSPM0
lowing to be specified: TMR2 output
4 2
• Master Operation (SCK is the clock output)
• Slave Mode (SCK is the clock input) Edge
Select Prescaler TCY
• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCK) RC3/SCK/ 4, 16, 64
• Clock Edge (Output data on rising/falling edge of SCL
SCK) TRISC<3>
• Clock Rate (master operation only)
• Slave Select Mode (Slave mode only)
To enable the serial port, SSP Enable bit, SSPEN
(SSPCON<5>) must be set. To reset or reconfigure SPI
mode, clear bit SSPEN, re-initialize the SSPCON reg-

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 8-1 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION
Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u
0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000
13h SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000
94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF 0000 0000 0000 0000
85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction Register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the SSP in SPI mode.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
8.3 SSP I 2C Operation The SSPCON register allows control of the I 2C opera-
tion. Four mode selection bits (SSPCON<3:0>) allow
The SSP module in I 2C mode fully implements all slave one of the following I 2C modes to be selected:
functions, except general call support, and provides
• I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address)
interrupts on start and stop bits in hardware to support
firmware implementations of the master functions. The • I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address)
SSP module implements the standard mode specifica- • I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address), with start and
tions, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit addressing. stop bit interrupts enabled for firmware master
mode support
Two pins are used for data transfer. These are the
RC3/SCK/SCL pin, which is the clock (SCL), and the • I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address), with start and
RC4/SDI/SDA pin, which is the data (SDA). The user stop bit interrupts enabled for firmware master
must configure these pins as inputs or outputs through mode support
the TRISC<4:3> bits. • I 2C start and stop bit interrupts enabled for firm-
ware master mode support, slave mode idle
The SSP module functions are enabled by setting SSP
Enable bit SSPEN (SSPCON<5>). Selection of any I 2C mode, with the SSPEN bit set,
forces the SCL and SDA pins to be operated as open
FIGURE 8-2: SSP BLOCK DIAGRAM drain outputs, provided these pins are programmed to
(I2C MODE) inputs by setting the appropriate TRISC bits.
Additional information on SSP I2C operation may be
found in the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
Internal (DS33023).
Data Bus
Read Write 8.3.1 SLAVE MODE

In slave mode, the SCL and SDA pins must be config-

SSPBUF reg
RC3/SCK/SCL ured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The SSP module will
override the input state with the output data when
shift
clock required (slave-transmitter).
SSPSR reg When an address is matched or the data transfer after
an address match is received, the hardware automati-
RC4/ MSb LSb
SDI/ cally will generate the acknowledge (ACK) pulse, and
SDA load the SSPBUF register with the received value in the
Match detect Addr Match SSPSR register.
There are certain conditions that will cause the SSP
SSPADD reg module not to give this ACK pulse. This happens if
either of the following conditions occur:
Start and Set, Reset a) The buffer full bit BF (SSPSTAT<0>) was set
Stop bit detect S, P bits before the transfer was completed.
(SSPSTAT reg)
b) The overflow bit SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) was set
The SSP module has five registers for I2C operation. before the transfer was completed.
These are the: In this case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded
• SSP Control Register (SSPCON) into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) is set.
Table 8-2 shows what happens when a data transfer
• SSP Status Register (SSPSTAT)
byte is received, given the status of bits BF and SSPOV.
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer (SSPBUF) The shaded cells show the condition where user soft-
• SSP Shift Register (SSPSR) - Not accessible ware did not properly clear the overflow condition. Flag
• SSP Address Register (SSPADD) bit BF is cleared by reading the SSPBUF register, while
bit SSPOV is cleared through software.
The SCL clock input must have a minimum high and
low for proper operation. The high and low times of the
I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the SSP
module, is shown in timing parameter #100, THIGH, and
parameter #101, TLOW.

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PIC16C62B/72A
8.3.1.1 ADDRESSING ‘1111 0 A9 A8 0’, where A9 and A8 are the two MSbs
of the address. The sequence of events for 10-bit
Once the SSP module has been enabled, it waits for a address is as follows, with steps 7- 9 for slave-transmit-
START condition to occur. Following the START condi- ter:
tion, 8 bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All
incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the 1. Receive first (high) byte of Address (bits SSPIF,
clock (SCL) line. The value of register SSPSR<7:1> is BF, and bit UA (SSPSTAT<1>) are set).
compared to the value of the SSPADD register. The 2. Update the SSPADD register with second (low)
address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth byte of Address (clears bit UA and releases the
clock (SCL) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF SCL line).
and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur: 3. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
a) The SSPSR register value is loaded into the clear flag bit SSPIF.
SSPBUF register. 4. Receive second (low) byte of Address (bits
b) The buffer full bit, BF is set. SSPIF, BF, and UA are set).
c) An ACK pulse is generated. 5. Update the SSPADD register with the first (high)
byte of Address, if match releases SCL line, this
d) SSP interrupt flag bit, SSPIF (PIR1<3>), is set
will clear bit UA.
(interrupt is generated if enabled) on the falling
edge of the ninth SCL pulse. 6. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
clear flag bit SSPIF.
In 10-bit address mode, two address bytes need to be
7. Receive repeated START condition.
received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits
(MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit 8. Receive first (high) byte of Address (bits SSPIF
address. Bit R/W (SSPSTAT<2>) must specify a write and BF are set).
so the slave device will receive the second address 9. Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would equal clear flag bit SSPIF.

TABLE 8-2 DATA TRANSFER RECEIVED BYTE ACTIONS

Status Bits as Data

Transfer is Received Set bit SSPIF
Generate ACK (SSP Interrupt occurs
BF SSPOV SSPSR  SSPBUF Pulse if enabled)
0 0 Yes Yes Yes
1 0 No No Yes
1 1 No No Yes
0 1 Yes No Yes
Note: Shaded cells show the conditions where the user software did not properly clear the overflow condition.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
8.3.1.2 RECEPTION When the address byte overflow condition exists, then
no acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow con-
When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an dition is defined as either bit BF (SSPSTAT<0>) is set
address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT or bit SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) is set.
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into
the SSPBUF register. An SSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. Flag bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) must be cleared in soft-
ware. The SSPSTAT register is used to determine the
status of the byte.

FIGURE 8-3: I 2C WAVEFORMS FOR RECEPTION (7-BIT ADDRESS)

Receiving Address R/W=0 Receiving Data ACK Receiving Data ACK

ACK
SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P

SSPIF (PIR1<3>) Cleared in software Bus Master

terminates
transfer
BF (SSPSTAT<0>) SSPBUF register is read

SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)
Bit SSPOV is set because the SSPBUF register is still full.
ACK is not sent.

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PIC16C62B/72A
8.3.1.3 TRANSMISSION shifted out on the falling edge of the SCL input. This
ensures that the SDA signal is valid during the SCL
When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set high time (Figure 8-4).
and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set. The received address is An SSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
loaded into the SSPBUF register. The ACK pulse will byte. Flag bit SSPIF must be cleared in software, and
be sent on the ninth bit and the CKP will be cleared by the SSPSTAT register used to determine the status of
hardware, holding SCL low. Slave devices cause the the byte. Flag bit SSPIF is set on the falling edge of the
master to wait by holding the SCL line low. The transmit ninth clock pulse.
data is loaded into the SSPBUF register, which in turn As a slave-transmitter, the ACK pulse from the master-
loads the SSPSR register. When bit CKP (SSP- receiver is latched on the rising edge of the ninth SCL
CON<4>) is set, pin RC3/SCK/SCL releases SCL. input pulse. If the SDA line was high (not ACK), then the
When the SCL line goes high, the master may resume data transfer is complete. When the ACK is latched by
operating the SCL line and receiving data. The master the slave, the slave logic is reset (resets SSPSTAT reg-
must monitor the SCL pin prior to asserting another ister) and the slave then monitors for another occur-
clock pulse. The slave devices may be holding off the rence of the START bit. If the SDA line was low (ACK),
master by stretching the clock. The eight data bits are the transmit data must be loaded into the SSPBUF reg-
ister, which also loads the SSPSR register. Then pin
RC3/SCK/SCL should be enabled by setting bit CKP.

FIGURE 8-4: I 2C WAVEFORMS FOR TRANSMISSION (7-BIT ADDRESS)

Receiving Address R/W = 1 Transmitting Data ACK

SDA A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 ACK D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SCL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
S P
Data in SCL held low
sampled while CPU
responds to SSPIF
SSPIF (PIR1<3>) cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
From SSP interrupt
SSPBUF is written in software service routine

CKP (SSPCON<4>)

Set bit after writing to SSPBUF

(the SSPBUF must be written-to
before the CKP bit can be set)

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8.3.2 MASTER OPERATION 8.3.3 MULTI-MASTER OPERATION

Master operation is supported in firmware using inter- In multi-master operation, the interrupt generation on
rupt generation on the detection of the START and the detection of the START and STOP conditions
STOP conditions. The STOP (P) and START (S) bits allows the determination of when the bus is free. The
are cleared by a reset or when the SSP module is dis- STOP (P) and START (S) bits are cleared from a reset
abled. The STOP (P) and START (S) bits will toggle or when the SSP module is disabled. The STOP (P)
based on the START and STOP conditions. Control of and START (S) bits will toggle based on the START and
the I 2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the STOP conditions. Control of the I 2C bus may be taken
bus is idle and both the S and P bits are clear. when bit P (SSPSTAT<4>) is set, or the bus is idle and
In master operation, the SCL and SDA lines are manip- both the S and P bits clear. When the bus is busy,
ulated in software by clearing the corresponding enabling the SSP Interrupt will generate the interrupt
TRISC<4:3> bit(s). The output level is always low, irre- when the STOP condition occurs.
spective of the value(s) in PORTC<4:3>. So when In multi-master operation, the SDA line must be moni-
transmitting data, a '1' data bit must have the tored to see if the signal level is the expected output
TRISC<4> bit set (input) and a '0' data bit must have level. This check only needs to be done when a high
the TRISC<4> bit cleared (output). The same scenario level is output. If a high level is expected and a low level
is true for the SCL line with the TRISC<3> bit. is present, the device needs to release the SDA and
The following events will cause SSP Interrupt Flag bit, SCL lines (set TRISC<4:3>). There are two stages
SSPIF, to be set (SSP Interrupt if enabled): where this arbitration can be lost, these are:

• START condition • Address Transfer

• STOP condition • Data Transfer
• Byte transfer completed When the slave logic is enabled, the slave continues to
receive. If arbitration was lost during the address trans-
Master operation can be done with either the slave
fer stage, communication to the device may be in prog-
mode idle (SSPM3:SSPM0 = 1011) or with the slave
ress. If addressed, an ACK pulse will be generated. If
active. When both master operation and slave modes
arbitration was lost during the data transfer stage, the
are used, the software needs to differentiate the
device will need to re-transfer the data at a later time.
source(s) of the interrupt.
For more information on master operation, see AN578
For more information on master operation, see AN554
- Use of the SSP Module in the of I2C Multi-Master
- Software Implementation of I2C Bus Master.
Environment.
TABLE 8-3 REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C OPERATION

Value on Value on
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR, all other
BOR resets

0Bh, 8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

13h SSPBUF Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu
2 0000 0000 0000 0000
93h SSPADD Synchronous Serial Port (I C mode) Address Register

14h SSPCON WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 0000 0000 0000 0000
(1) (1) 0000 0000 0000 0000
94h SSPSTAT SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF

87h TRISC PORTC Data Direction register 1111 1111 1111 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'.
Shaded cells are not used by SSP module in SPI mode.
Note 1: Maintain these bits clear in I2C mode.

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PIC16C62B/72A
REGISTER 8-1: SSPSTAT: SYNC SERIAL PORT STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 94h)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0 R-0

SMP CKE D/A P S R/W UA BF R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read
as ‘0’
- n =Value at POR reset
bit 7: SMP: SPI data input sample phase
SPI Master Operation
1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time
0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave Mode
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in slave mode
I2C Mode
This bit must be maintained clear
bit 6: CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select
SPI Mode
CKP = 0
1 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK
0 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK
CKP = 1
1 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK
0 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK
I2C Mode
This bit must be maintained clear
bit 5: D/A: Data/Address bit (I2C mode only)
1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4: P: Stop bit (I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when the Start bit is
detected last, SSPEN is cleared)
1 = Indicates that a stop bit has been detected last (this bit is '0' on RESET)
0 = Stop bit was not detected last
bit 3: S: Start bit (I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when the Stop bit is
detected last, SSPEN is cleared)
1 = Indicates that a start bit has been detected last (this bit is '0' on RESET)
0 = Start bit was not detected last
bit 2: R/W: Read/Write bit information (I2C mode only)
This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the
address match to the next start bit, stop bit, or ACK bit.
1 = Read
0 = Write
bit 1: UA: Update Address (10-bit I2C mode only)
1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register
0 = Address does not need to be updated
bit 0: BF: Buffer Full Status bit
Receive (SPI and I2C modes)
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
Transmit (I2C mode only)
1 = Transmit in progress, SSPBUF is full
0 = Transmit complete, SSPBUF is empty

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 PIC16C62B/72A
REGISTER 8-2: SSPCON: SYNC SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 14h)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

WCOL SSPOV SSPEN CKP SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0 R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read
as ‘0’
- n =Value at POR reset
bit 7: WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
1 = The SSPBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word
(must be cleared in software)
0 = No collision
bit 6: SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
In SPI mode
1 = A new byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of overflow,
the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in slave mode. The user must read the SSPBUF, even
if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow. In master operation, the overflow bit is not set since
each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPBUF register.
0 = No overflow
In I2C mode
1 = A byte is received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous byte. SSPOV is a "don’t care"
in transmit mode. SSPOV must be cleared in software in either mode.
0 = No overflow
bit 5: SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
In SPI mode
1 = Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, and SDI as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
In I2C mode
1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
In both modes, when enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
bit 4: CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
In SPI mode
1 = Idle state for clock is a high level
0 = Idle state for clock is a low level
In I2C mode
SCK release control
1 = Enable clock
0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch)
bit 3-0: SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0000 = SPI master operation, clock = FOSC/4
0001 = SPI master operation, clock = FOSC/16
0010 = SPI master operation, clock = FOSC/64
0011 = SPI master operation, clock = TMR2 output/2
0100 = SPI slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control enabled.
0101 = SPI slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control disabled. SS can be used as I/O pin
0110 = I2C slave mode, 7-bit address
0111 = I2C slave mode, 10-bit address
1011 = I2C firmware controlled master operation (slave idle)
1110 = I2C slave mode, 7-bit address with start and stop bit interrupts enabled
1111 = I2C slave mode, 10-bit address with start and stop bit interrupts enabled

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PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

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 PIC16C62B/72A
9.0 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL Additional information on the A/D module is available in
the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
(DS33023).
Note: This section applies to the PIC16C72A
only. The A/D module has three registers. These registers
are:
The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter module has five
• A/D Result Register (ADRES)
input channels.
• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to
• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
a corresponding 8-bit digital number (refer to Applica-
tion Note AN546 for use of A/D Converter). The output A device reset forces all registers to their reset state.
of the sample and hold is the input into the converter, This forces the A/D module to be turned off, and any
which generates the result via successive approxima- conversion is aborted.
tion. The analog reference voltage is software select- The ADCON0 register, shown in Figure 9-1, controls
able to either the device’s positive supply voltage (VDD) the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1 regis-
or the voltage level on the RA3/AN3/VREF pin. ter, shown in Figure 9-2, configures the functions of the
The A/D converter has the feature of being able to port pins. The port pins can be configured as analog
operate while the device is in SLEEP mode. To operate inputs (RA3 can also be a voltage reference) or as dig-
in sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be derived from ital I/O.
the A/D’s internal RC oscillator.

REGISTER 9-1:ADCON0 REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)

R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 U-0 R/W-0

ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR reset
bit 7-6: ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits
00 = FOSC/2
01 = FOSC/8
10 = FOSC/32
11 = FRC (clock derived from an internal RC oscillator)
bit 5-3: CHS2:CHS0: Analog Channel Select bits
000 = channel 0, (RA0/AN0)
001 = channel 1, (RA1/AN1)
010 = channel 2, (RA2/AN2)
011 = channel 3, (RA3/AN3)
100 = channel 4, (RA5/AN4)
bit 2: GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
If ADON = 1
1 = A/D conversion in progress (setting this bit starts the A/D conversion)
0 = A/D conversion not in progress (This bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D
conversion is complete)
bit 1: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 0: ADON: A/D On bit
1 = A/D converter module is operating
0 = A/D converter module is shutoff and consumes no operating current

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PIC16C62B/72A
REGISTER 9-2:ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)

U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 U-0 R/W-0 R/W-0 R/W-0

— — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 R = Readable bit
bit7 bit0 W = Writable bit
U = Unimplemented bit,
read as ‘0’
- n = Value at POR
reset
bit 7-3: Unimplemented: Read as '0'
bit 2-0: PCFG2:PCFG0: A/D Port Configuration Control bits

PCFG2:PCFG0 RA0 RA1 RA2 RA5 RA3 VREF

000 A A A A A VDD
001 A A A A VREF RA3
010 A A A A A VDD
011 A A A A VREF RA3
100 A A D D A VDD
101 A A D D VREF RA3
11x D D D D D VDD
A = Analog input
D = Digital I/O

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 PIC16C62B/72A
When the A/D conversion is complete, the result is 1. Configure the A/D module:
loaded into the ADRES register, the GO/DONE bit, • Configure analog pins / voltage reference /
ADCON0<2>, is cleared, and the A/D interrupt flag bit, and digital I/O (ADCON1)
ADIF, is set. The block diagram of the A/D module is • Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
shown in Figure 9-1.
• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON0)
The value that is in the ADRES register is not modified • Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)
for a Power-on Reset. The ADRES register will contain
2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
unknown data after a Power-on Reset.
• Clear ADIF bit
After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
• Set ADIE bit
the selected channel must be acquired before the con-
version is started. The analog input channels must • Set GIE bit
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an 3. Wait the required acquisition time.
input. To determine acquisition time, see Section 9.1. 4. Start conversion:
After this acquisition time has elapsed, the A/D conver- • Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0)
sion can be started. The following steps should be fol-
5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:
lowed for doing an A/D conversion:
• Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared
OR
• Waiting for the A/D interrupt
6. Read A/D Result register (ADRES), clear bit
ADIF if required.
7. For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2 as
required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as TAD. A minimum wait of 2TAD is
required before next acquisition starts.

FIGURE 9-1: A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

CHS2:CHS0

100
RA5/AN4
VIN
(Input voltage) 011
RA3/AN3/VREF

010
A/D RA2/AN2
Converter
001
RA1/AN1

VDD 000
RA0/AN0
000 or
VREF 010 or
100 or
11x
(Reference
voltage) 001 or
011 or
101
PCFG2:PCFG0

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9.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements To calculate the minimum acquisition time, TACQ, see
Equation 9-1. This equation calculates the acquisition
For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy, time to within 1/2 LSb error (512 steps for the A/D). The
the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed 1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The to meet its specified accuracy.
analog input model is shown in Figure 9-2. The source
impedance (RS) and the internal sampling switch (RSS) Note: When the conversion is started, the hold-
impedance directly affect the time required to charge ing capacitor is disconnected from the
the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling switch (RSS) input pin.
impedance varies over the device voltage (VDD). The In general;
source impedance affects the offset voltage at the ana-
log input (due to pin leakage current). The maximum Assuming RS = 10k
recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 Vdd = 3.0V (RSS = 10k
k. After the analog input channel is selected Temp. = 50C (122F)
(changed), this acquisition must pass before the con-
version can be started. TACQ 13.0 Sec
By increasing VDD and reducing RS and Temp., TACQ
can be substantially reduced.

FIGURE 9-2: ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VDD
Sampling
Switch
VT = 0.6V
Rs ANx RIC  1k SS RSS

CHOLD
VA CPIN I leakage = DAC capacitance
5 pF VT = 0.6V ± 500 nA = 51.2 pF

VSS

Legend CPIN = input capacitance

6V
VT = threshold voltage 5V
I leakage = leakage current at the pin due to VDD 4V
various junctions 3V
RIC = interconnect resistance 2V
SS = sampling switch
CHOLD = sample/hold capacitance (from DAC) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
RSS
(k)

EQUATION 9-1: ACQUISITION TIME

TACQ = Amplifier Settling Time +
Hold Capacitor Charging Time +
Temperature Coefficient

= TAMP + TC + TCOFF
TAMP = 5S
TC = - (51.2pF)(1k + RSS + RS) In(1/511)
TCOFF = (Temp -25C)(0.05S/C)

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9.2 Selecting the A/D Conversion Clock 9.3 Configuring Analog Port Pins
The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The The ADCON1 and TRISA registers control the opera-
A/D conversion requires 9.5TAD per 8-bit conversion. tion of the A/D port pins. The port pins that are desired
The source of the A/D conversion clock is software as analog inputs must have their corresponding TRIS
selectable. The four possible options for TAD are: bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared (output), the
• 2TOSC digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be converted.
• 8TOSC The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
• 32TOSC CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.
• Internal RC oscillator Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins
For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock configured as analog input channels will
(TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-
of 1.6 s. ured as digital inputs, will convert an ana-
log input. Analog levels on a digitally
The A/D module can operate during sleep mode, but configured input will not affect the conver-
the RC oscillator must be selected as the A/D clock sion accuracy.
source prior to the SLEEP instruction.
Note 2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as
Table 9-1 shows the resultant TAD times derived from a digital input (including the AN4:AN0
the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock pins) may cause the input buffer to con-
source selected. sume current that is out of the devices
specification.

TABLE 9-1 TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING FREQUENCIES

AD Clock Source (TAD) Device Frequency

Operation ADCS1:ADCS0 20 MHz 5 MHz 1.25 MHz 333.33 kHz
2TOSC 00 100 ns(2) 400 ns(2) 1.6 s 6 s
8TOSC 01 400 ns(2) 1.6 s 6.4 s 24 s(3)
32TOSC 10 1.6 s 6.4 s 25.6 s(3) 96 s(3)
RC(5) 11 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1,4) 2 - 6 s(1)
Legend: Shaded cells are outside of recommended range.
Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of 4 s.
2: These values violate the minimum required TAD time.
3: For faster conversion times, the selection of another clock source is recommended.
4: When device frequency is greater than 1 MHz, the RC A/D conversion clock source is recommended for
sleep operation only.
5: For extended voltage devices (LC), please refer to Electrical Specifications section.

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PIC16C62B/72A
9.4 A/D Conversions GO/DONE bit will be set, starting the A/D conversion,
and the Timer1 counter will be reset to zero. Timer1 is
Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in reset to automatically repeat the A/D acquisition period
the same instruction that turns on the A/D. with minimal software overhead. The appropriate ana-
log input channel must be selected and the minimum
9.5 Use of the CCP Trigger acquisition time must pass before the “special event
trigger” sets the GO/DONE bit (starts a conversion).
An A/D conversion can be started by the “special event
trigger” of the CCP1 module. This requires that the If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared),
CCP1M3:CCP1M0 bits (CCP1CON<3:0>) be pro- then the “special event trigger” will be ignored by the
grammed as 1011 and that the A/D module be enabled A/D module, but will still reset the Timer1 counter.
(ADON bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the
TABLE 9-2 SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS

Value on
Value on all
Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 POR,
other Resets
BOR

0Bh,8Bh INTCON GIE PEIE T0IE INTE RBIE T0IF INTF RBIF 0000 000x 0000 000u

0Ch PIR1 — ADIF — — SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

8Ch PIE1 — ADIE — — SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000

1Eh ADRES A/D Result Register xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Fh ADCON0 ADCS1 ADCS0 CHS2 CHS1 CHS0 GO/DONE — ADON 0000 00-0 0000 00-0

9Fh ADCON1 — — — — — PCFG2 PCFG1 PCFG0 ---- -000 ---- -000

05h PORTA — — RA5 RA4 RA3 RA2 RA1 RA0 --0x 0000 --0u 0000

85h TRISA — — PORTA Data Direction Register --11 1111 --11 1111
Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
10.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a
fixed delay on power-up only and is designed to keep
CPU
the part in reset while the power supply stabilizes. With
The PIC16C62B/72A devices have a host of features these two timers on-chip, most applications need no
intended to maximize system reliability, minimize cost external reset circuitry.
through elimination of external components, provide
SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current
power saving operating modes and offer code protec-
power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP
tion. These are:
through external reset, Watchdog Timer Wake-up, or
• Oscillator Mode Selection through an interrupt. Several oscillator options are also
• Reset made available to allow the part to fit the application.
- Power-on Reset (POR) The RC oscillator option saves system cost while the
LP crystal option saves power. A set of configuration
- Power-up Timer (PWRT)
bits are used to select various options.
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
Additional information on special features is available in
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
the PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
• Interrupts (DS33023).
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• SLEEP 10.1 Configuration Bits
• Code protection The configuration bits can be programmed (read as '0')
• ID locations or left unprogrammed (read as '1') to select various
• In-circuit serial programming™ (ICSP) device configurations. These bits are mapped in pro-
These devices have a Watchdog Timer, which can be gram memory location 2007h.
shut off only through configuration bits. It runs off its The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the
own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two user program memory space. In fact, it belongs to the
timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is special test/configuration memory space (2000h -
the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep 3FFFh), which can be accessed only during program-
the chip in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable. The ming.

FIGURE 10-1: CONFIGURATION WORD

CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 CP1 CP0 — BODEN CP1 CP0 PWRTE WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0 Register: CONFIG
bit13 bit0 Address: 2007h

bit 13-8 CP1:CP0: Code Protection bits (2)

5-4: 11 = Code protection off
10 = Upper half of program memory code protected
01 = Upper 3/4th of program memory code protected
00 = All memory is code protected
bit 7: Unimplemented: Read as '1'
bit 6: BODEN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit (1)
1 = BOR enabled
0 = BOR disabled
bit 3: PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit (1)
1 = PWRT disabled
0 = PWRT enabled
bit 2: WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled
bit 1-0: FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits
11 = RC oscillator
10 = HS oscillator
01 = XT oscillator
00 = LP oscillator

Note 1: Enabling Brown-out Reset automatically enables Power-up Timer (PWRT), regardless of the value of bit PWRTE.
All of the CP1:CP0 pairs must be given the same value to enable the code protection scheme listed.

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PIC16C62B/72A
10.2 Oscillator Configurations TABLE 10-1 CERAMIC RESONATORS
10.2.1 OSCILLATOR TYPES Ranges Tested:
The PIC16CXXX can be operated in four different oscil- Mode Freq OSC1 OSC2
lator modes. The user can program two configuration XT 455 kHz 68 - 100 pF 68 - 100 pF
bits (FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one of these four 2.0 MHz 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF
modes: 4.0 MHz 15 - 68 pF 15 - 68 pF
• LP Low Power Crystal HS 8.0 MHz 10 - 68 pF 10 - 68 pF
• XT Crystal/Resonator 16.0 MHz 10 - 22 pF 10 - 22 pF
• HS High Speed Crystal/Resonator These values are for design guidance only. See
• RC Resistor/Capacitor notes at bottom of page.
Resonators Used:
10.2.2 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/CERAMIC
RESONATORS 455 kHz Panasonic EFO-A455K04B  0.3%
2.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA2.00MG  0.5%
In XT, LP or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator 4.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA4.00MG  0.5%
is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT
8.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA8.00MT  0.5%
pins to establish oscillation (Figure 10-2). The
PIC16CXXX oscillator design requires the use of a par- 16.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA16.00MX  0.5%
allel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a Resonators did not have built-in capacitors.
frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifica- TABLE 10-2 CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
tions. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can use
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
an external clock source to drive the OSC1/CLKIN pin
(Figure 10-3). Crystal Cap. Range Cap. Range
Osc Type
Freq C1 C2
FIGURE 10-2: CRYSTAL/CERAMIC LP 32 kHz 33 pF 33 pF
RESONATOR OPERATION 200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF
(HS, XT OR LP
XT 200 kHz 47-68 pF 47-68 pF
OSC CONFIGURATION)
1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
C1(1) OSC1 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

To HS 4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF
internal 8 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF
XTAL logic
RF(3) 20 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF
OSC2 These values are for design guidance only. See
SLEEP
RS(2) notes at bottom of page.
C2(1) PIC16CXXX
Crystals Used
32 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A ± 20 PPM
Note1: See Table 10-1 and Table 10-2 for recom-
mended values of C1 and C2. 200 kHz STD XTL 200.000KHz ± 20 PPM
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for 1 MHz ECS ECS-10-13-1 ± 50 PPM
AT strip cut crystals. 4 MHz ECS ECS-40-20-1 ± 50 PPM
3: RF varies with the crystal chosen. 8 MHz EPSON CA-301 8.000M-C ± 30 PPM
20 MHz EPSON CA-301 20.000M-C ± 30 PPM
FIGURE 10-3: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP
OSC CONFIGURATION) Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability of the
oscillator, but also increases the start-up time.
2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own charac-
OSC1 teristics, the user should consult the resona-
Clock from
tor/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of
ext. system PIC16CXXX external components.
Open OSC2 3: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well as XT
mode, to avoid overdriving crystals with low drive
level specification.
4: Oscillator performance should be verified when
migrating between devices (including
PIC16C62A to PIC16C62B and PIC16C72 to
PIC16C72A)

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 PIC16C62B/72A
10.2.3 RC OSCILLATOR 10.3 Reset
For timing insensitive applications, the “RC” device The PIC16CXXX differentiates between various kinds
option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator of reset:
frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resis-
• Power-on Reset (POR)
tor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values, and the operat-
ing temperature. In addition to this, the oscillator • MCLR reset during normal operation
frequency will vary from unit to unit due to normal pro- • MCLR reset during SLEEP
cess parameter variation. Furthermore, the difference • WDT Reset (during normal operation)
in lead frame capacitance between package types will • WDT Wake-up (during SLEEP)
also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low • Brown-out Reset (BOR)
CEXT values. The user also needs to take into account
variation due to tolerance of external R and C compo- Some registers are not affected in any reset condition;
nents used. Figure 10-4 shows how the R/C combina- their status is unknown on POR and unchanged by any
tion is connected to the PIC16CXXX. other reset. Most other registers are reset to a “reset
state” on Power-on Reset (POR), on the MCLR and
WDT Reset, on MCLR reset during SLEEP, and on
FIGURE 10-4: RC OSCILLATOR MODE
Brown-out Reset (BOR). They are not affected by a
VDD
WDT Wake-up from SLEEP, which is viewed as the
resumption of normal operation. The TO and PD bits
Rext
are set or cleared depending on the reset situation, as
Internal indicated in Table 10-4. These bits are used in software
OSC1
clock to determine the nature of the reset. See Table 10-6 for
a full description of reset states of all registers.
Cext PIC16CXX
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip reset circuit is
VSS
shown in Figure 10-5.
OSC2/CLKOUT
Fosc/4 The PIC devices have a MCLR noise filter in the MCLR
Recommended values: 3 k  Rext  100 k reset path. The filter will ignore small pulses. However,
Cext > 20pF a valid MCLR pulse must meet the minimum pulse
width (TmcL, Specification #30).
No internal reset source (WDT, BOR, POR) willdrive
the MCLR pin low.

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FIGURE 10-5: SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
External
Reset

MCLR
SLEEP
WDT WDT
Module Time-out
Reset
VDD rise
detect
Power-on Reset
VDD
Brown-out
Reset S
BODEN

OST/PWRT
OST
Chip_Reset
10-bit Ripple counter R Q

OSC1

(1) PWRT
On-chip
RC OSC 10-bit Ripple counter

Enable PWRT

Enable OST

Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin.

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10.4 Power-On Reset (POR) 10.5 Power-up Timer (PWRT)
A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when The Power-up Timer provides a fixed nominal time-out
VDD rise is detected (in the range of 1.5V - 2.1V). To (TPWRT, parameter #33) from the POR. The Power-up
take advantage of the POR, just tie the MCLR pin Timer operates on an internal RC oscillator. The chip is
directly (or through a resistor) to VDD. This will elimi- kept in reset as long as the PWRT is active. The
nate external RC components usually needed to create PWRT’s time delay allows VDD to rise to an acceptable
a Power-on Reset. A maximum rise time for VDD is level. A configuration bit is provided to enable/disable
specified (SVDD, parameter D004). For a slow rise the PWRT.
time, see Figure 10-6. The power-up time delay will vary from chip-to-chip due
When the device starts normal operation (exits the to VDD, temperature and process variation. See DC
reset condition), device operating parameters (voltage, parameters for details.
frequency, temperature,...) must be met to ensure oper-
ation. If these conditions are not met, the device must 10.6 Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
be held in reset until the operating conditions are met.
The Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) provides a delay of
Brown-out Reset may be used to meet the start-up con-
1024 oscillator cycles (from OSC1 input) after the
ditions.
PWRT delay is over (TOST, parameter #32). This
ensures that the crystal oscillator or resonator has
FIGURE 10-6: EXTERNAL POWER-ON started and stabilized.
RESET CIRCUIT (FOR SLOW
The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
VDD POWER-UP)
modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from
SLEEP.
VDD
Note: The OST delay may not occur when the
device wakes from SLEEP.
D R
R1 10.7 Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
MCLR
C PIC16CXX The configuration bit, BODEN, can enable or disable
the Brown-Out Reset circuit. If VPP falls below Vbor
(parameter #35, about 100S), the brown-out situation
Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required will reset the device. If VDD falls below VBOR for less
only if VDD power-up slope is too slow. The than TBOR, a reset may not occur.
diode D helps discharge the capacitor Once the brown-out occurs, the device will remain in
quickly when VDD powers down. brown-out reset until VDD rises above VBOR. The
2: R < 40 k is recommended to make sure power-up timer then keeps the device in reset for
that voltage drop across R does not violate TPWRT (parameter #33, about 72mS). If VDD should fall
the device’s electrical specification. below VBOR during TPWRT, the brown-out reset pro-
cess will restart when VDD rises above VBOR with the
3: R1 = 100 to 1 k will limit any current
power-up timer reset. The power-up timer is always
flowing into MCLR from external capacitor
enabled when the brown-out reset circuit is enabled,
C in the event of MCLR/VPP pin break-
regardless of the state of the PWRT configuration bit.
down due to Electrostatic Discharge
(ESD) or Electrical Overstress (EOS).

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PIC16C62B/72A
10.8 Time-out Sequence Table 10-5 shows the reset conditions for the STATUS,
PCON and PC registers, while Table 10-6 shows the
When a POR reset occurs, the PWRT delay starts (if reset conditions for all the registers.
enabled). When PWRT ends, the OST counts 1024
oscillator cycles (LP, XT, HS modes only). When OST 10.9 Power Control/Status Register
completes, the device comes out of reset. The total (PCON)
time-out will vary based on oscillator configuration and
the status of the PWRT. For example, in RC mode with The BOR bit is unknown on Power-on Reset. If the
the PWRT disabled, there will be no time-out at all. Brown-out Reset circuit is used, the BOR bit must be
set by the user and checked on subsequent resets to
If MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will
see if it was cleared, indicating a Brown-out has
expire. Bringing MCLR high will begin execution imme-
occurred.
diately. This is useful for testing purposes or to synchro-
nize more than one PIC16CXXX device operating in POR (Power-on Reset Status bit) is cleared on a
parallel. Power-on Reset and unaffected otherwise. The user
Status Register
IRP RP1 RP0 TO PD Z DC C
PCON Register
POR BOR

TABLE 10-3 TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

Power-up Wake-up from
Oscillator Configuration Brown-out SLEEP
PWRTE = 0 PWRTE = 1
XT, HS, LP 72 ms + 1024TOSC 1024TOSC 72 ms + 1024TOSC 1024TOSC
RC 72 ms — 72 ms —

TABLE 10-4 STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

POR BOR TO PD
0 x 1 1 Power-on Reset
0 x 0 x Illegal, TO is set on POR
0 x x 0 Illegal, PD is set on POR
1 0 1 1 Brown-out Reset
1 1 0 1 WDT Reset
1 1 0 0 WDT Wake-up
1 1 u u MCLR Reset during normal operation
1 1 1 0 MCLR Reset during SLEEP or interrupt wake-up from SLEEP

TABLE 10-5 RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

Condition Program STATUS PCON

Counter Register Register
Power-on Reset 000h 0001 1xxx ---- --0x
MCLR Reset during normal operation 000h 000u uuuu ---- --uu
MCLR Reset during SLEEP 000h 0001 0uuu ---- --uu
WDT Reset 000h 0000 1uuu ---- --uu
WDT Wake-up PC + 1 uuu0 0uuu ---- --uu
Brown-out Reset 000h 0001 1uuu ---- --u0
Interrupt wake-up from SLEEP PC + 1(1) uuu1 0uuu ---- --uu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit read as '0'.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h).

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 PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 10-6 INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
Register Applicable Power-on Reset, MCLR Resets Wake-up via WDT or
Devices Brown-out Reset WDT Reset Interrupt
W 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
INDF 62B 72A N/A N/A N/A
TMR0 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PCL 62B 72A 0000h 0000h PC + 1(2)
STATUS 62B 72A 0001 1xxx 000q quuu(3) uuuq quuu(3)
FSR 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
PORTA(4) 62B 72A --0x 0000 --0u 0000 --uu uuuu

PORTB(5) 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PORTC(5) 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu

PCLATH 62B 72A ---0 0000 ---0 0000 ---u uuuu
INTCON 62B 72A 0000 000x 0000 000u uuuu uuuu(1)
62B 72A ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu(1)
PIR1
62B 72A -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000 -u-- uuuu(1)
TMR1L 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR1H 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
T1CON 62B 72A --00 0000 --uu uuuu --uu uuuu
TMR2 62B 72A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
T2CON 62B 72A -000 0000 -000 0000 -uuu uuuu
SSPBUF 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
SSPCON 62B 72A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
CCPR1L 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCPR1H 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
CCP1CON 62B 72A --00 0000 --00 0000 --uu uuuu
ADRES 62B 72A xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ADCON0 62B 72A 0000 00-0 0000 00-0 uuuu uu-u
OPTION_REG 62B 72A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISA 62B 72A --11 1111 --11 1111 --uu uuuu
TRISB 62B 72A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
TRISC 62B 72A 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
62B 72A ---- 0000 ---- 0000 ---- uuuu
PIE1
62B 72A -0-- 0000 -0-- 0000 -u-- uuuu
PCON 62B 72A ---- --0q ---- --uq ---- --uq
PR2 62B 72A 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111
SSPADD 62B 72A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
SSPSTAT 62B 72A 0000 0000 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu
ADCON1 62B 72A ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu
Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as '0', q = value depends on condition
Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON and/or PIR1 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector (0004h).
3: See Table 10-5 for reset value for specific condition.
4: On any device reset, these pins are configured as inputs.
5: This is the value that will be in the port output latch.

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PIC16C62B/72A
10.10 Interrupts The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the spe-
cial function registers PIR1 and PIR2. The correspond-
The interrupt control register (INTCON) records individ- ing interrupt enable bits are contained in special
ual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual function registers PIE1 and PIE2, and the peripheral
and global interrupt enable bits. interrupt enable bit is contained in special function reg-
Note: Individual interrupt flag bits are set regard- ister INTCON.
less of the status of their corresponding When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE bit is
mask bit or the GIE bit. cleared to disable any further interrupts, the return
A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>) address is pushed onto the stack and the PC is loaded
enables or disables all interrupts. When bit GIE is with 0004h. Once in the interrupt service routine, the
enabled, and an interrupt’s flag bit and mask bit are set, source of the interrupt can be determined by polling the
the interrupt will vector immediately. Individual inter- interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit must be cleared
rupts can be disabled through their corresponding in software before re-enabling interrupts to avoid recur-
enable bits in various registers. Individual interrupt flag sive interrupts.
bits are set regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or
GIE bit is cleared on reset. PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be
The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits three or four instruction cycles, depending on when the
the interrupt routine and sets the GIE bit, which re- interrupt event occurs. The latency is the same for one
enables interrupts. or two cycle instructions. Individual interrupt flag bits
are set regardless of the status of their corresponding
The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt mask bit or the GIE bit
and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in
the INTCON register.

FIGURE 10-7: INTERRUPT LOGIC

Wake-up (If in SLEEP mode)

T0IF
T0IE
INTF
INTE
Interrupt to CPU
ADIF(1) RBIF
ADIE(1) RBIE
SSPIF
SSPIE
PEIE
CCP1IF
CCP1IE GIE
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR1IF
TMR1IE

Note 1: The A/D module is not implemented on the PIC16C62B.

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10.10.1 INT INTERRUPT 10.11 Context Saving During Interrupts
The external interrupt on RB0/INT pin is edge trig- During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved
gered: either rising, if bit INTEDG (OPTION_REG<6>) on the stack. Typically, users may wish to save key reg-
is set, or falling, if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid isters during an interrupt, (i.e., W register and STATUS
edge appears on the RB0/INT pin, flag bit INTF register). This will have to be implemented in software.
(INTCON<1>) is set. This interrupt can be disabled by
Example 10-1 stores and restores the W and STATUS
clearing enable bit INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF
registers. The register, W_TEMP, must be defined in
must be cleared in software in the interrupt service rou-
each bank and must be defined at the same offset from
tine before re-enabling this interrupt. The INT interrupt
the bank base address (i.e., if W_TEMP is defined at
can wake-up the processor from SLEEP, if bit INTE was
0x20 in bank 0, it must also be defined at 0xA0 in bank
set prior to going into SLEEP. The status of global inter-
1).
rupt enable bit GIE decides whether or not the proces-
sor branches to the interrupt vector following wake-up. The example:
See Section 10.13 for details on SLEEP mode. a) Stores the W register.
10.10.2 TMR0 INTERRUPT b) Stores the STATUS register in bank 0.
c) Stores the PCLATH register.
An overflow (FFh  00h) in the TMR0 register will set d) Executes the interrupt service routine code
flag bit T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be (User-generated).
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit T0IE
e) Restores the STATUS register (and bank select
(INTCON<5>). (Section 4.0)
bit).
10.10.3 PORTB INTCON CHANGE f) Restores the W and PCLATH registers.

An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit RBIF

(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit RBIE (INTCON<4>).
(Section 3.2)

EXAMPLE 10-1: SAVING STATUS, W, AND PCLATH REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF W_TEMP ;Copy W to TEMP register, could be bank one or zero
SWAPF STATUS,W ;Swap status to be saved into W
CLRF STATUS ;bank 0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0
MOVWF STATUS_TEMP ;Save status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
:
:(ISR)
:
SWAPF STATUS_TEMP,W ;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
MOVWF STATUS ;Move W into STATUS register
SWAPF W_TEMP,F ;Swap W_TEMP
SWAPF W_TEMP,W ;Swap W_TEMP into W

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10.12 Watchdog Timer (WDT) The WDT time-out period (TWDT, parameter #31) is
multiplied by the prescaler ratio, when the prescaler is
The Watchdog Timer is a free running on-chip RC oscil- assigned to the WDT. The prescaler assignment
lator which does not require any external components. (assigned to either the WDT or Timer0) and prescaler
This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of ratio are set in the OPTION_REG register.
the OSC1/CLKIN pin. The WDT will run, even if the
clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins of Note: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear
the device has been stopped, for example, by execution the WDT and the postscaler, if assigned to
of a SLEEP instruction. the WDT, and prevent it from timing out and
generating a device RESET condition.
During normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a
device RESET (Watchdog Timer Reset). If the device is .
in SLEEP mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to
Note: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed
wake-up and continue with normal operation (Watch-
and the prescaler is assigned to the WDT,
dog Timer Wake-up). The TO bit in the STATUS register
the prescaler count will be cleared, but the
will be cleared upon a Watchdog Timer time-out.
prescaler assignment is not changed.
The WDT can be permanently disabled by clearing
configuration bit WDTE (Section 10.1).

FIGURE 10-8: WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

From TMR0 Clock Source
(Figure 4-2)

0
M Postscaler
1 U
WDT Timer
X 8

8 - to - 1 MUX PS2:PS0
PSA
WDT
Enable Bit
To TMR0 (Figure 4-2)

0 1

MUX PSA

WDT
Note: PSA and PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION_REG register. Time-out

FIGURE 10-9: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Address Name Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
2007h Config. bits BODEN CP1 CP0 PWRTE WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0

81h OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG T0CS T0SE PSA PS2 PS1 PS0
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.

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10.13 Power-down Mode (SLEEP) regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is
clear (disabled), the device resumes execution at the
Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is
instruction. set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after
If enabled, the Watchdog Timer will be cleared but the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the inter-
keeps running, the PD bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared, the rupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of
TO (STATUS<4>) bit is set, and the oscillator driver is the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, a NOP
turned off. The I/O ports maintain the status they had, should follow the SLEEP instruction.
before the SLEEP instruction was executed (driving
10.13.2 WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS
high, low or hi-impedance).
For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and
I/O pins at either VDD or VSS, ensure no external cir- any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
cuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-down and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:
the A/D and disable external clocks. Pull all I/O pins • If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a
that are hi-impedance inputs, high or low externally, to SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will com-
avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs. The plete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for lowest postscaler will not be cleared, the TO bit will not
current consumption. The contribution from on-chip be set and PD bits will not be cleared.
pull-ups on PORTB should be considered.
• If the interrupt occurs during or after the execu-
The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC, tion of a SLEEP instruction, the device will imme-
parameter D042). diately wake up from sleep. The SLEEP instruction
will be completely executed before the wake-up.
10.13.1 WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP Therefore, the WDT and WDT postscaler will be
The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of cleared, the TO bit will be set and the PD bit will
the following events: be cleared.

1. External reset input on MCLR pin. Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
2. Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was
become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To
enabled).
determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test
3. Interrupt from INT pin, RB port change, or some the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction
Peripheral Interrupts. was executed as a NOP.
External MCLR Reset will cause a device reset. All To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruc-
other events are considered a continuation of program tion should be executed before a SLEEP instruction.
execution and cause a "wake-up". The TO and PD bits
in the STATUS register can be used to determine the
cause of device reset. The PD bit, which is set on
power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. The TO
bit is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred (and caused
wake-up).
The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device
from SLEEP:
1. TMR1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as
an asynchronous counter.
2. CCP capture mode interrupt.
3. Special event trigger (Timer1 in asynchronous
mode using an external clock. CCP1 is in com-
pare mode).
4. SSP (Start/Stop) bit detect interrupt.
5. SSP transmit or receive in slave mode (SPI/I2C).
6. USART RX or TX (synchronous slave mode).
Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since dur-
ing SLEEP, no on-chip clocks are present.
When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next
instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to
wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is

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PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 10-10: WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
OSC1

CLKOUT(4) TOST(2)

INT pin

INTF flag
(INTCON<1>) Interrupt Latency
(Note 2)
GIE bit Processor in
(INTCON<7>)
SLEEP

INSTRUCTION FLOW
PC PC PC+1 PC+2 PC+2 PC + 2 0004h 0005h
Instruction
fetched Inst(PC) = SLEEP Inst(PC + 1) Inst(PC + 2) Inst(0004h) Inst(0005h)

Instruction Dummy cycle Dummy cycle

executed Inst(PC - 1) SLEEP Inst(PC + 1) Inst(0004h)

Note 1: XT, HS or LP oscillator mode assumed.

2: TOST = 1024TOSC (drawing not to scale) This delay will not be there for RC osc mode.
3: GIE = '1' assumed. In this case after wake- up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = '0', execution will continue in-line.
4: CLKOUT is not available in these osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.

10.14 Program Verification/Code Protection

If the code protection bits have not been programmed,
the on-chip program memory can be read out for verifi-
cation purposes.
Note: Microchip does not recommend code pro-
tecting windowed devices.

10.15 ID Locations
Four memory locations (2000h - 2003h) are designated
as ID locations where the user can store checksum or
other code-identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution, but are read-
able and writable during program/verify. It is recom-
mended that only the 4 least significant bits of the ID
location are used.
For ROM devices, these values are submitted along
with the ROM code.

10.16 In-Circuit Serial Programming™

PIC16CXXX microcontrollers can be serially pro-
grammed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data, and three
more lines for power, ground and the programming volt-
age. This allows customers to manufacture boards with
unprogrammed devices, and then program the micro-
controller just before shipping the product. This also
allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware
to be programmed.
For complete details of serial programming, please
refer to the In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP™)
Guide, DS30277.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
11.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of an instruc-
Each PIC16CXXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided tion, the instruction execution time is 2 s.
into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type
and one or more operands which further specify the Table 11-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXX instruction MPASM assembler.
set summary in Table 11-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-ori- Figure 11-1 shows the general formats that the instruc-
ented, and literal and control operations. Table 11-1 tions can have.
shows the opcode field descriptions.
Note: To maintain upward compatibility with
For byte-oriented instructions, 'f' represents a file reg- future PIC16CXXX products, do not use
ister designator and 'd' represents a destination desig- the OPTION and TRIS instructions.
nator. The file register designator specifies which file
register is to be used by the instruction. All examples use the following format to represent a
hexadecimal number:
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is zero, the result is 0xhh
placed in the W register. If 'd' is one, the result is placed where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For bit-oriented instructions, 'b' represents a bit field FIGURE 11-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR
designator which selects the number of the bit affected INSTRUCTIONS
by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the Byte-oriented file register operations
file in which the bit is located. 13 8 7 6 0
For literal and control operations, 'k' represents an OPCODE d f (FILE #)
eight or eleven bit constant or literal value. d = 0 for destination W
d = 1 for destination f
TABLE 11-1 OPCODE FIELD f = 7-bit file register address
DESCRIPTIONS
Bit-oriented file register operations
Field Description
13 10 9 7 6 0
f Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F) OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)
W Working register (accumulator)
b Bit address within an 8-bit file register b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
k Literal field, constant data or label
x Don't care location (= 0 or 1)
Literal and control operations
The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the
recommended form of use for compatibility with all
Microchip software tools. General
d Destination select; d = 0: store result in W, 13 8 7 0
d = 1: store result in file register f. OPCODE k (literal)
Default is d = 1
PC Program Counter k = 8-bit immediate value

TO Time-out bit
PD Power-down bit CALL and GOTO instructions only
Z Zero bit 13 11 10 0
DC Digit Carry bit OPCODE k (literal)
C Carry bit k = 11-bit immediate value
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into three basic categories: A description of each instruction is available in the
PIC® MCU Mid-Range Reference Manual,
• Byte-oriented operations
(DS33023).
• Bit-oriented operations
• Literal and control operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruc-
tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-
gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles
with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-
tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for
an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction

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PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 11-2 PIC16CXXX INSTRUCTION SET
Mnemonic, Description Cycles 14-Bit Opcode Status Notes
Operands Affected
MSb LSb

BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

ADDWF f, d Add W and f 1 00 0111 dfff ffff C,DC,Z 1,2
ANDWF f, d AND W with f 1 00 0101 dfff ffff Z 1,2
CLRF f Clear f 1 00 0001 lfff ffff Z 2
CLRW - Clear W 1 00 0001 0000 0011 Z
COMF f, d Complement f 1 00 1001 dfff ffff Z 1,2
DECF f, d Decrement f 1 00 0011 dfff ffff Z 1,2
DECFSZ f, d Decrement f, Skip if 0 1(2) 00 1011 dfff ffff 1,2,3
INCF f, d Increment f 1 00 1010 dfff ffff Z 1,2
INCFSZ f, d Increment f, Skip if 0 1(2) 00 1111 dfff ffff 1,2,3
IORWF f, d Inclusive OR W with f 1 00 0100 dfff ffff Z 1,2
MOVF f, d Move f 1 00 1000 dfff ffff Z 1,2
MOVWF f Move W to f 1 00 0000 lfff ffff
NOP - No Operation 1 00 0000 0xx0 0000
RLF f, d Rotate Left f through Carry 1 00 1101 dfff ffff C 1,2
RRF f, d Rotate Right f through Carry 1 00 1100 dfff ffff C 1,2
SUBWF f, d Subtract W from f 1 00 0010 dfff ffff C,DC,Z 1,2
SWAPF f, d Swap nibbles in f 1 00 1110 dfff ffff 1,2
XORWF f, d Exclusive OR W with f 1 00 0110 dfff ffff Z 1,2
BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS
BCF f, b Bit Clear f 1 01 00bb bfff ffff 1,2
BSF f, b Bit Set f 1 01 01bb bfff ffff 1,2
BTFSC f, b Bit Test f, Skip if Clear 1 (2) 01 10bb bfff ffff 3
BTFSS f, b Bit Test f, Skip if Set 1 (2) 01 11bb bfff ffff 3
LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS
ADDLW k Add literal and W 1 11 111x kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z
ANDLW k AND literal with W 1 11 1001 kkkk kkkk Z
CALL k Call subroutine 2 10 0kkk kkkk kkkk
CLRWDT - Clear Watchdog Timer 1 00 0000 0110 0100 TO,PD
GOTO k Go to address 2 10 1kkk kkkk kkkk
IORLW k Inclusive OR literal with W 1 11 1000 kkkk kkkk Z
MOVLW k Move literal to W 1 11 00xx kkkk kkkk
RETFIE - Return from interrupt 2 00 0000 0000 1001
RETLW k Return with literal in W 2 11 01xx kkkk kkkk
RETURN - Return from Subroutine 2 00 0000 0000 1000
SLEEP - Go into standby mode 1 00 0000 0110 0011 TO,PD
SUBLW k Subtract W from literal 1 11 110x kkkk kkkk C,DC,Z
XORLW k Exclusive OR literal with W 1 11 1010 kkkk kkkk Z
Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present
on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is '1' for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external
device, the data will be written back with a '0'.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if assigned
to the Timer0 Module.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is
executed as a NOP.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
11.1 Instruction Descriptions

ADDLW Add Literal and W ANDWF AND W with f

Syntax: [label] ADDLW k Syntax: [label] ANDWF f,d
Operands: 0  k  255 Operands: 0  f  127
Operation: (W) + k  (W) d 

Status Affected: C, DC, Z Operation: (W) .AND. (f)  (destination)

Description: The contents of the W register are Status Affected: Z

added to the eight bit literal 'k' and the Description: AND the W register with register 'f'. If
result is placed in the W register. 'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W
register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored
back in register 'f'.

ADDWF Add W and f BCF Bit Clear f

Syntax: [label] ADDWF f,d Syntax: [label] BCF f,b
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  f  127
d  0b7
Operation: (W) + (f)  (destination) Operation: 0  (f<b>)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z Status Affected: None
Description: Add the contents of the W register Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.
with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is
stored in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the
result is stored back in register 'f'.

ANDLW AND Literal with W BSF Bit Set f

Syntax: [label] ANDLW k Syntax: [label] BSF f,b
Operands: 0  k  255 Operands: 0  f  127
Operation: (W) .AND. (k)  (W) 0b7

Status Affected: Z Operation: 1  (f<b>)

Description: The contents of W register are Status Affected: None

AND’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. Description: Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.
The result is placed in the W register.

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BTFSS Bit Test f, Skip if Set CLRF Clear f
Syntax: [label] BTFSS f,b Syntax: [label] CLRF f
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  f  127
0b<7 Operation: 00h  (f)
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 1 1Z
Status Affected: None Status Affected: Z
Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0', then the next Description: The contents of register 'f' are cleared
instruction is executed. and the Z bit is set.
If bit 'b' is '1', then the next instruction
is discarded and a NOP is executed
instead, making this a 2TCY instruc-
tion.

BTFSC Bit Test, Skip if Clear CLRW Clear W

Syntax: [label] BTFSC f,b Syntax: [ label ] CLRW
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: None
0b7 Operation: 00h  (W)
Operation: skip if (f<b>) = 0 1Z
Status Affected: None Status Affected: Z
Description: If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '1', then the next Description: W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is
instruction is executed. set.
If bit 'b' in register 'f' is '0', then the next
instruction is discarded, and a NOP is
executed instead, making this a 2TCY
instruction.

CALL Call Subroutine CLRWDT Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax: [ label ] CALL k Syntax: [ label ] CLRWDT
Operands: 0  k  2047 Operands: None
Operation: (PC)+ 1 TOS, Operation: 00h  WDT
k  PC<10:0>, 0  WDT prescaler,
(PCLATH<4:3>)  PC<12:11> 1  TO
Status Affected: None 1  PD

Description: Call Subroutine. First, return address Status Affected: TO, PD

(PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The
eleven bit immediate address is loaded Description: CLRWDT instruction resets the Watch-
dog Timer. It also resets the prescaler
into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD
the PC are loaded from PCLATH. are set.
CALL is a two cycle instruction.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
COMF Complement f GOTO Unconditional Branch
Syntax: [ label ] COMF f,d Syntax: [ label ] GOTO k
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  k  2047
d  [0,1] Operation: k  PC<10:0>
Operation: (f)  (destination) PCLATH<4:3>  PC<12:11>
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None
Description: The contents of register 'f' are comple- Description: GOTO is an unconditional branch. The
mented. If 'd' is 0, the result is stored eleven bit immediate value is loaded
in W. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of
back in register 'f'. PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>.
GOTO is a two cycle instruction.

DECF Decrement f INCF Increment f

Syntax: [label] DECF f,d Syntax: [ label ] INCF f,d
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  f  127
d  [0,1] d  [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1  (destination) Operation: (f) + 1  (destination)
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: Z
Description: Decrement register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the Description: The contents of register 'f' are incre-
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' mented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed
is 1, the result is stored back in regis-
ter 'f'. in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is
placed back in register 'f'.

DECFSZ Decrement f, Skip if 0 INCFSZ Increment f, Skip if 0

Syntax: [ label ] DECFSZ f,d Syntax: [ label ] INCFSZ f,d
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  f  127
d  [0,1] d  [0,1]
Operation: (f) - 1  (destination); Operation: (f) + 1  (destination),
skip if result = 0 skip if result = 0
Status Affected: None Status Affected: None
Description: The contents of register 'f' are decre- Description: The contents of register 'f' are incre-
mented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in mented. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed
the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is in the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is
placed back in register 'f'. placed back in register 'f'.
If the result is 1, the next instruction, is If the result is 1, the next instruction is
executed. If the result is 0, then a NOP is executed. If the result is 0, a NOP is
executed instead making it a 2TCY executed instead making it a 2TCY
instruction. instruction.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 71

PIC16C62B/72A
IORLW Inclusive OR Literal with W MOVLW Move Literal to W
Syntax: [ label ] IORLW k Syntax: [ label ] MOVLW k
Operands: 0  k  255 Operands: 0  k  255
Operation: (W) .OR. k  (W) Operation: k  (W)
Status Affected: Z Status Affected: None
Description: The contents of the W register is Description: The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into W
OR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The register. The don’t cares will assem-
result is placed in the W register. ble as 0’s.

IORWF Inclusive OR W with f MOVWF Move W to f

Syntax: [ label ] IORWF f,d Syntax: [ label ] MOVWF f
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: 0  f  127
d  [0,1] Operation: (W)  (f)
Operation: (W) .OR. (f)  (destination) Status Affected: None
Status Affected: Z Description: Move data from W register to register
Description: Inclusive OR the W register with regis- 'f'.
ter 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is
placed back in register 'f'.

MOVF Move f NOP No Operation

Syntax: [ label ] MOVF f,d Syntax: [ label ] NOP
Operands: 0  f  127 Operands: None
d  [0,1] Operation: No operation
Operation: (f)  (destination) Status Affected: None
Status Affected: Z Description: No operation.
Description: The contents of register f is moved to
a destination dependant upon the sta-
tus of d. If d = 0, destination is W reg-
ister. If d = 1, the destination is file
register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a
file register since status flag Z is
affected.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
RETFIE Return from Interrupt RLF Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax: [ label ] RETFIE Syntax: [ label ] RLF f,d
Operands: None Operands: 0  f  127
Operation: TOS  PC, d  [0,1]
1  GIE Operation: See description below
Status Affected: None Status Affected: C
Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated
one bit to the left through the Carry
Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is
stored back in register 'f'.
C Register f

RETLW Return with Literal in W RRF Rotate Right f through Carry

Syntax: [ label ] RETLW k Syntax: [ label ] RRF f,d
Operands: 0  k  255 Operands: 0  f  127
Operation: k  (W); d  [0,1]
TOS  PC Operation: See description below
Status Affected: None Status Affected: C
Description: The W register is loaded with the eight Description: The contents of register 'f' are rotated
bit literal 'k'. The program counter is one bit to the right through the Carry
loaded from the top of the stack (the Flag. If 'd' is 0, the result is placed in
return address). This is a two cycle the W register. If 'd' is 1, the result is
instruction. placed back in register 'f'.
C Register f

RETURN Return from Subroutine SLEEP

Syntax: [ label ] RETURN Syntax: [ label ] SLEEP
Operands: None Operands: None
Operation: TOS  PC Operation: 00h  WDT,
Status Affected: None 0  WDT prescaler,
Description: Return from subroutine. The stack is 1  TO,
POPed and the top of the stack (TOS) 0  PD
is loaded into the program counter. Status Affected: TO, PD
This is a two cycle instruction.
Description: The power-down status bit, PD is
cleared. Time-out status bit, TO is
set. Watchdog Timer and its pres-
caler are cleared.
The processor is put into SLEEP
mode with the oscillator stopped.
See Section 10.13 for more details.

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PIC16C62B/72A
SUBLW Subtract W from Literal XORLW Exclusive OR Literal with W
Syntax: [ label ] SUBLW k Syntax: [label] XORLW k
Operands: 0 k 255 Operands: 0 k 255
Operation: k - (W) W) Operation: (W) .XOR. k W)
Status Affected: C, DC, Z Status Affected: Z
Description: The W register is subtracted (2’s com- Description: The contents of the W register are
plement method) from the eight bit lit- XOR’ed with the eight bit literal 'k'.
eral 'k'. The result is placed in the W The result is placed in the W regis-
register. ter.

SUBWF Subtract W from f XORWF Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax: [ label ] SUBWF f,d Syntax: [label] XORWF f,d

Operands: 0 f 127 Operands: 0  f  127

d  [0,1] d  [0,1]

Operation: (f) - (W) destination) Operation: (W) .XOR. (f) destination)

Status C, DC, Z Status Affected: Z

Affected: Description: Exclusive OR the contents of the W
register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the
Description: Subtract (2’s complement method) W
result is stored in the W register. If 'd'
register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the
is 1, the result is stored back in regis-
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
ter 'f'.
1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.

SWAPF Swap Nibbles in f

Syntax: [ label ] SWAPF f,d
Operands: 0  f  127
d  [0,1]
Operation: (f<3:0>)  (destination<7:4>),
(f<7:4>)  (destination<3:0>)
Status Affected: None
Description: The upper and lower nibbles of regis-
ter 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0, the
result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1,
the result is placed in register 'f'.

DS35008C-page 74 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
12.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT MPLAB allows you to:
®
The PIC microcontrollers are supported with a full • Edit your source files (either assembly or ‘C’)
range of hardware and software development tools: • One touch assemble (or compile) and download
to PIC MCU tools (automatically updates all proj-
• Integrated Development Environment
ect information)
- MPLAB™ IDE Software
• Debug using:
• Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers
- source files
- MPASM Assembler
- absolute listing file
- MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 C Compilers
- object code
- MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/Librarian
The ability to use MPLAB with Microchip’s simulator,
• Simulators
MPLAB-SIM, allows a consistent platform and the abil-
- MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator ity to easily switch from the cost-effective simulator to
• Emulators the full featured emulator with minimal retraining.
- MPLAB-ICEReal-Time In-Circuit Emulator
- PICMASTER®/PICMASTER-CE In-Circuit 12.2 MPASM Assembler
Emulator MPASM is a full featured universal macro assembler for
- ICEPIC™ all PIC MCUs. It can produce absolute code directly in
• In-Circuit Debugger the form of HEX files for device programmers, or it can
- MPLAB-ICD for PIC16F877 generate relocatable objects for MPLINK.
• Device Programmers MPASM has a command line interface and a Windows
- PRO MATE II Universal Programmer shell and can be used as a standalone application on a
- PICSTART Plus Entry-Level Prototype Windows 3.x or greater system. MPASM generates
Programmer relocatable object files, Intel standard HEX files, MAP
files to detail memory usage and symbol reference, an
• Low-Cost Demonstration Boards
absolute LST file which contains source lines and gen-
- SIMICE erated machine code, and a COD file for MPLAB
- PICDEM-1 debugging.
- PICDEM-2 MPASM features include:
- PICDEM-3
• MPASM and MPLINK are integrated into MPLAB
- PICDEM-17 projects.
- SEEVAL • MPASM allows user defined macros to be created
- KEELOQ for streamlined assembly.
• MPASM allows conditional assembly for multi pur-
12.1 MPLAB Integrated Development
pose source files.
Environment Software
• MPASM directives allow complete control over the
- The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of assembly process.
software development previously unseen in
the 8-bit microcontroller market. MPLAB is a 12.3 MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18
Windows-based application which contains: C Compilers
• Multiple functionality The MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 Code Development
- editor Systems are complete ANSI ‘C’ compilers and inte-
- simulator grated development environments for Microchip’s
- programmer (sold separately) PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of microcontrol-
lers, respectively. These compilers provide powerful
- emulator (sold separately)
integration capabilities and ease of use not found with
• A full featured editor other compilers.
• A project manager
For easier source level debugging, the compilers pro-
• Customizable tool bar and key mapping vide symbol information that is compatible with the
• A status bar MPLAB IDE memory display.
• On-line help
12.4 MPLINK/MPLIB Linker/Librarian
MPLINK is a relocatable linker for MPASM and
MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18. It can link relocatable
objects from assembly or C source files along with pre-
compiled libraries using directives from a linker script.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 75

PIC16C62B/72A
MPLIB is a librarian for pre-compiled code to be used opment tools. The PC platform and Microsoft® Windows
with MPLINK. When a routine from a library is called 3.x/95/98 environment were chosen to best make these
from another source file, only the modules that contains features available to you, the end user.
that routine will be linked in with the application. This MPLAB-ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system
allows large libraries to be used efficiently in many dif- with enhanced trace, trigger, and data monitoring fea-
ferent applications. MPLIB manages the creation and tures. Both systems use the same processor modules
modification of library files. and will operate across the full operating speed range
MPLINK features include: of the PIC MCU.
• MPLINK works with MPASM and MPLAB-C17
12.7 PICMASTER/PICMASTER CE
and MPLAB-C18.
• MPLINK allows all memory areas to be defined as The PICMASTER system from Microchip Technology is
sections to provide link-time flexibility. a full-featured, professional quality emulator system.
MPLIB features include: This flexible in-circuit emulator provides a high-quality,
universal platform for emulating Microchip 8-bit PIC
• MPLIB makes linking easier because single librar- microcontrollers (MCUs). PICMASTER systems are
ies can be included instead of many smaller files. sold worldwide, with a CE compliant model available for
• MPLIB helps keep code maintainable by grouping European Union (EU) countries.
related modules together.
• MPLIB commands allow libraries to be created 12.8 ICEPIC
and modules to be added, listed, replaced,
ICEPIC is a low-cost in-circuit emulation solution for the
deleted, or extracted.
Microchip Technology PIC16C5X, PIC16C6X,
12.5 MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator PIC16C7X, and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit one-time-
programmable (OTP) microcontrollers. The modular
The MPLAB-SIM Software Simulator allows code system can support different subsets of PIC16C5X or
development in a PC host environment by simulating PIC16CXXX products through the use of
the PIC series microcontrollers on an instruction level. interchangeable personality modules or daughter
On any given instruction, the data areas can be exam- boards. The emulator is capable of emulating without
ined or modified and stimuli can be applied from a file target application circuitry being present.
or user-defined key press to any of the pins. The exe-
cution can be performed in single step, execute until 12.9 MPLAB-ICD In-Circuit Debugger
break, or trace mode.
Microchip's In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB-ICD, is a pow-
MPLAB-SIM fully supports symbolic debugging using erful, low-cost run-time development tool. This tool is
MPLAB-C17 and MPLAB-C18 and MPASM. The Soft- based on the flash PIC16F877 and can be used to
ware Simulator offers the flexibility to develop and develop for this and other PIC microcontrollers from the
debug code outside of the laboratory environment mak- PIC16CXXX family. MPLAB-ICD utilizes the In-Circuit
ing it an excellent multi-project software development Debugging capability built into the PIC16F87X. This
tool. feature, along with Microchip's In-Circuit Serial Pro-
gramming protocol, offers cost-effective in-circuit flash
12.6 MPLAB-ICE High Performance programming and debugging from the graphical user
Universal In-Circuit Emulator with interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development Envi-
MPLAB IDE ronment. This enables a designer to develop and
debug source code by watching variables, single-step-
The MPLAB-ICE Universal In-Circuit Emulator is ping and setting break points. Running at full speed
intended to provide the product development engineer enables testing hardware in real-time. The MPLAB-ICD
with a complete microcontroller design tool set for PIC is also a programmer for the flash PIC16F87X family.
microcontrollers (MCUs). Software control of MPLAB-
ICE is provided by the MPLAB Integrated Development 12.10 PRO MATE II Universal Programmer
Environment (IDE), which allows editing, “make” and
download, and source debugging from a single envi- The PRO MATE II Universal Programmer is a full-fea-
ronment. tured programmer capable of operating in stand-alone
mode as well as PC-hosted mode. PRO MATE II is CE
Interchangeable processor modules allow the system
compliant.
to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different pro-
cessors. The universal architecture of the MPLAB-ICE The PRO MATE II has programmable VDD and VPP
allows expansion to support new PIC microcontrollers. supplies which allows it to verify programmed memory
at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has
The MPLAB-ICE Emulator System has been designed
an LCD display for instructions and error messages,
as a real-time emulation system with advanced fea-
keys to enter commands and a modular detachable
tures that are generally found on more expensive devel-
socket assembly to support various package types. In

DS35008C-page 76 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
stand-alone mode the PRO MATE II can read, verify or 12.14 PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX
program PIC devices. It can also set code-protect bits Demonstration Board
in this mode.
The PICDEM-2 is a simple demonstration board that
12.11 PICSTART Plus Entry Level supports the PIC16C62, PIC16C64, PIC16C65,
Development System PIC16C73 and PIC16C74 microcontrollers. All the
necessary hardware and software is included to
The PICSTART programmer is an easy-to-use, low- run the basic demonstration programs. The user
cost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via can program the sample microcontrollers provided
one of the COM (RS-232) ports. MPLAB Integrated with the PICDEM-2 board, on a PRO MATE II pro-
Development Environment software makes using the grammer or PICSTART-Plus, and easily test firmware.
programmer simple and efficient. The MPLAB-ICE emulator may also be used with the
PICSTART Plus supports all PIC devices with up to 40 PICDEM-2 board to test firmware. Additional prototype
pins. Larger pin count devices such as the PIC16C92X, area has been provided to the user for adding addi-
and PIC17C76X may be supported with an adapter tional hardware and connecting it to the microcontroller
socket. PICSTART Plus is CE compliant. socket(s). Some of the features include a RS-232 inter-
face, push-button switches, a potentiometer for simu-
12.12 SIMICE Entry-Level lated analog input, a Serial EEPROM to demonstrate
Hardware Simulator usage of the I2C bus and separate headers for connec-
tion to an LCD module and a keypad.
SIMICE is an entry-level hardware development sys-
tem designed to operate in a PC-based environment 12.15 PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX
with Microchip’s simulator MPLAB-SIM. Both SIMICE Demonstration Board
and MPLAB-SIM run under Microchip Technology’s
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) The PICDEM-3 is a simple demonstration board that
software. Specifically, SIMICE provides hardware sim- supports the PIC16C923 and PIC16C924 in the PLCC
ulation for Microchip’s PIC12C5XX, PIC12CE5XX, and package. It will also support future 44-pin PLCC
PIC16C5X families of PIC 8-bit microcontrollers. SIM- microcontrollers with a LCD Module. All the neces-
ICE works in conjunction with MPLAB-SIM to provide sary hardware and software is included to run the
non-real-time I/O port emulation. SIMICE enables a basic demonstration programs. The user can pro-
developer to run simulator code for driving the target gram the sample microcontrollers provided with
system. In addition, the target system can provide input the PICDEM-3 board, on a PRO MATE II program-
to the simulator code. This capability allows for simple mer or PICSTART Plus with an adapter socket, and
and interactive debugging without having to manually easily test firmware. The MPLAB-ICE emulator may
generate MPLAB-SIM stimulus files. SIMICE is a valu- also be used with the PICDEM-3 board to test firm-
able debugging tool for entry-level system develop- ware. Additional prototype area has been provided to
ment. the user for adding hardware and connecting it to the
microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features include
12.13 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PIC MCU an RS-232 interface, push-button switches, a potenti-
Demonstration Board ometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor and
separate headers for connection to an external LCD
The PICDEM-1 is a simple board which demonstrates module and a keypad. Also provided on the PICDEM-3
the capabilities of several of Microchip’s microcontrol- board is an LCD panel, with 4 commons and 12 seg-
lers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X ments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature
(PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A), PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, and day of the week. The PICDEM-3 provides an addi-
PIC16C71, PIC16C8X, PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and tional RS-232 interface and Windows 3.1 software for
PIC17C44. All necessary hardware and software is showing the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A sim-
included to run basic demo programs. The users can ple serial interface allows the user to construct a hard-
program the sample microcontrollers provided with ware demultiplexer for the LCD signals.
the PICDEM-1 board, on a PRO MATE II or
PICSTART-Plus programmer, and easily test firm- 12.16 PICDEM-17
ware. The user can also connect the PICDEM-1
board to the MPLAB-ICE emulator and download the The PICDEM-17 is an evaluation board that demon-
firmware to the emulator for testing. Additional proto- strates the capabilities of several Microchip microcon-
type area is available for the user to build some addi- trollers, including PIC17C752, PIC17C756,
tional hardware and connect it to the microcontroller PIC17C762, and PIC17C766. All necessary hardware
socket(s). Some of the features include an RS-232 is included to run basic demo programs, which are sup-
interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, plied on a 3.5-inch disk. A programmed sample is
push-button switches and eight LEDs connected to included, and the user may erase it and program it with
PORTB. the other sample programs using the PRO MATE II or
PICSTART Plus device programmers and easily debug

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 77

PIC16C62B/72A
and test the sample code. In addition, PICDEM-17 sup-
ports down-loading of programs to and executing out of
external FLASH memory on board. The PICDEM-17 is
also usable with the MPLAB-ICE or PICMASTER emu-
lator, and all of the sample programs can be run and
modified using either emulator. Additionally, a gener-
ous prototype area is available for user hardware.

12.17 SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming

System
The SEEVAL SEEPROM Designer’s Kit supports all
Microchip 2-wire and 3-wire Serial EEPROMs. The kit
includes everything necessary to read, write, erase or
program special features of any Microchip SEEPROM
product including Smart Serials and secure serials.
The Total Endurance Disk is included to aid in trade-
off analysis and reliability calculations. The total kit can
significantly reduce time-to-market and result in an
optimized system.

12.18 KEELOQ Evaluation and

Programming Tools
KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support
Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS eval-
uation kit includes an LCD display to show changing
codes, a decoder to decode transmissions, and a pro-
gramming interface to program test transmitters.

DS35008C-page 78 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 93CXX

24CXX/
25CXX/
HCSXXX

PIC14000
MCP2510

PIC16C5X
PIC16C6X
PIC16C7X
PIC16C8X
PIC17C4X
MCRFXXX

PIC16F62X
PIC16F8XX

PIC16C7XX
PIC16C9XX
PIC17C7XX
PIC18CXX2

PIC12CXXX
PIC16CXXX
TABLE 12-1:

MPLABIntegrated
Development Environment              

MPLAB C17 Compiler  

MPLAB C18 Compiler 

Software Tools
MPASM/MPLINK                
MPLAB™-ICE      **        
PICMASTER/PICMASTER-CE           

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

ICEPICLow-Cost

Emulators
In-Circuit Emulator        

MPLAB-ICD In-Circuit Debugger * * 

PICSTARTPlus
Low-Cost Universal Dev. Kit      **        

PRO MATE II
Universal Programmer      **          

Programmers Debugger
SIMICE  
†

Preliminary
PICDEM-1     
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP

† †
PICDEM-2   
PICDEM-3 
PICDEM-14A 
PICDEM-17 
KEELOQ® Evaluation Kit 
KEELOQ Transponder Kit 
microID™ Programmer’s Kit 
125 kHz microID Developer’s Kit 
125 kHz Anticollision microID

Demo Boards and Eval Kits

Developer’s Kit 

13.56 MHz Anticollision microID

Developer’s Kit 

MCP2510 CAN Developer’s Kit 

* Contact the Microchip Technology Inc. web site at www.microchip.com for information on how to use the MPLAB-ICD In-Circuit Debugger (DV164001) with PIC16C62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77
** Contact Microchip Technology Inc. for availability date.
†
Development tool is available on select devices.
PIC16C62B/72A

DS35008C-page 79
PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

DS35008C-page 80 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
13.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Absolute Maximum Ratings (†)
Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-55°C to +125°C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, MCLR, and RA4).......................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ......................................................................................................... -0.3V to +7.5V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2).......................................................................................... 0V to +13.25V
Voltage on RA4 with respect to Vss ............................................................................................................... 0V to +8.5V
Total power dissipation (Note 1)................................................................................................................................1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA
Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) 20 mA
Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD)  20 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum current sunk byPORTA and PORTB (combined) .................................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTA and PORTB (combined)............................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTC........................................................................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTC ..................................................................................................................200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD -  IOH} +  {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOl x IOL)
2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR/VPP pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latch-up.
Thus, a series resistor of 50-100 should be used when applying a “low” level to the MCLR/VPP pin, rather
than pulling this pin directly to VSS.
† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 81

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-1: PIC16C62B/72A-20 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V
5.0 V PIC16CXXX
PIC16CXXX-20
4.5 V
Voltage

4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

20 MHz
Frequency

FIGURE 13-2: PIC16LC62B/72A AND PIC16C62B/72A/JW VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V
5.0 V
4.5 V
Voltage

4.0 V PIC16LCXXX-04
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

4 MHz 10 MHz
Frequency
FMAX = (12.0 MHz/V) (VDDAPPMIN - 2.5 V) + 4 MHz
Note: VDDAPPMIN is the minimum voltage of the PIC® device in the application.
Fmax is no greater than 10 MHz.

DS35008C-page 82 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-3: PIC16C62B/72A-04 VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V
5.0 V
PIC16CXXX-04
Voltage 4.5 V
4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

4 MHz
Frequency

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 83

PIC16C62B/72A
13.1 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62B/72A-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16C62B/72A-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0°C  TA  +70°C for commercial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
-40°C  TA  +85°C for industrial
-40°C  TA +125°C for extended
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
D001 VDD Supply Voltage 4.0 - 5.5 V XT, RC and LP osc mode
D001A 4.5 - 5.5 V HS osc mode
VBOR* - 5.5 V BOR enabled (Note 7)
D002* VDR RAM Data Retention - 1.5 - V
Voltage (Note 1)
D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage to - VSS - V See section on Power-on Reset for details
ensure internal
Power-on Reset signal
D004* SVDD VDD Rise Rate to 0.05 - - V/ms PWRT enabled (PWRTE bit clear)
D004A* ensure internal TBD - - PWRT disabled (PWRTE bit set)
Power-on Reset signal See section on Power-on Reset for details
D005 VBOR Brown-out Reset 3.65 - 4.35 V BODEN bit set
voltage trip point
D010 IDD Supply Current - 2.7 5 mA XT, RC osc modes
(Note 2, 5) FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5V (Note 4)

D013 - 10 20 mA HS osc mode

FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5V
D020 IPD Power-down Current - 10.5 42 A VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled,-40C to +85C
(Note 3, 5) - 1.5 16 A VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, 0C to +70C
D021 - 1.5 19 A VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,-40C to +85C
D021B - 2.5 19 A VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled,-40C to +125C
Module Differential
Current (Note 6)
D022* IWDT Watchdog Timer - 6.0 20 A WDTE BIT SET, VDD = 4.0V
D022A* IBOR Brown-out Reset - TBD 200 A BODEN bit set, VDD = 5.0V
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin
loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to VDD,
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc mode, current through Rext is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by
the formula Ir = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 A to the specification. This value is from charac-
terization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The  current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: This is the voltage where the device enters the Brown-out Reset. When BOR is enabled, the device will
perform a brown-out reset when VDD falls below VBOR.

DS35008C-page 84 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
13.2 DC Characteristics: PIC16LC62B/72A-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

DC CHARACTERISTICS Operating temperature 0°C  TA  +70°C for commercial
-40°C  TA  +85°C for industrial
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
D001 VDD Supply Voltage 2.5 - 5.5 V LP, XT, RC osc modes (DC - 4 MHz)
VBOR* - 5.5 V BOR enabled (Note 7)
D002* VDR RAM Data Retention - 1.5 - V
Voltage (Note 1)
D003 VPOR VDD Start Voltage to - VSS - V See section on Power-on Reset for details
ensure internal
Power-on Reset signal
D004* SVDD VDD Rise Rate to 0.05 - - V/ms PWRT enabled (PWRTE bit clear)
D004A* ensure internal TBD - - PWRT disabled (PWRTE bit set)
Power-on Reset signal See section on Power-on Reset for details
D005 VBOR Brown-out Reset 3.65 - 4.35 V BODEN bit set
voltage trip point
D010 IDD Supply Current - 2.0 3.8 mA XT, RC osc modes
(Note 2, 5) FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V (Note 4)

D010A - 22.5 48 A LP OSC MODE

FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled
D020 IPD Power-down Current - 7.5 30 A VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled, -40C to +85C
D021 (Note 3, 5) - 0.9 5 A VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, 0C to +70C
D021A - 0.9 5 A VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, -40C to +85C
Module Differential
Current (Note 6)
D022* IWDT Watchdog Timer - 6.0 20 A WDTE BIT SET, VDD = 4.0V
D022A* IBOR Brown-out Reset - TBD 200 A BODEN bit set, VDD = 5.0V
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin
loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern, and temperature also have an
impact on the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tristated, pulled to VDD,
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is
measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc mode, current through Rext is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by
the formula Ir = VDD/2Rext (mA) with Rext in kOhm.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 A to the specification. This value is from charac-
terization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The  current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: This is the voltage where the device enters the Brown-out Reset. When BOR is enabled, the device will
perform a brown-out reset when VDD falls below VBOR.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 85

PIC16C62B/72A
13.3 DC Characteristics: PIC16C62B/72A-04 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16C62B/72A-20 (Commercial, Industrial, Extended)
PIC16LC62B/72A-04 (Commercial, Industrial)

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0°C  TA  +70°C for commercial
-40°C  TA  +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
-40°C  TA +125°C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 13.1
and Section 13.2
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
Input Low Voltage
VIL I/O ports
D030 with TTL buffer VSS - 0.15VDD V For entire VDD range
D030A Vss - 0.8V V 4.5V  VDD  5.5V
D031 with Schmitt Trigger buffer VSS - 0.2VDD V
D032 MCLR, OSC1 (in RC mode) Vss - 0.2VDD V
D033 OSC1 (in XT, HS and LP Vss - 0.3VDD V Note1
modes)
Input High Voltage
VIH I/O ports -
D040 with TTL buffer 2.0 - VDD V 4.5V  VDD  5.5V
D040A 0.25VD - Vdd V For entire VDD range
D + 0.8V

D041 with Schmitt Trigger buffer 0.8VDD - VDD V For entire VDD range
D042 MCLR 0.8VDD - VDD V
D042A OSC1 (XT, HS and LP modes) 0.7VDD - VDD V Note1
D043 OSC1 (in RC mode) 0.9VDD - Vdd V
Input Leakage Current
(Notes 2, 3)
D060 IIL I/O ports - - 1 A Vss VPIN VDD,
Pin at hi-impedance
D061 MCLR, RA4/T0CKI - - 5 A Vss VPIN VDD
D063 OSC1 - - 5 A Vss VPIN VDD,
XT, HS and LP osc modes
D070 IPURB PORTB weak pull-up current 50 250 400 A VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS
Output Low Voltage
D080 VOL I/O ports - - 0.6 V IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +85C
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator mode, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
device be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input volt-
ages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

DS35008C-page 86 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature 0°C  TA  +70°C for commercial
-40°C  TA  +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
-40°C  TA +125°C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 13.1
and Section 13.2
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
- - 0.6 V IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D083 OSC2/CLKOUT - - 0.6 V IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
(RC osc mode) -40C to +85C
- - 0.6 V IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
Output High Voltage
D090 VOH I/O ports (Note 3) VDD-0.7 - - V IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +85C
VDD-0.7 - - V IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D092 OSC2/CLKOUT (RC osc VDD-0.7 - - V IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
mode) -40C to +85C
VDD-0.7 - - V IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,
-40C to +125C
D150* VOD Open-Drain High Voltage - - 8.5 V RA4 pin
Capacitive Loading Specs
on Output Pins
D100 COSC2 OSC2 pin - - 15 pF In XT, HS and LP modes when
external clock is used to drive
OSC1.
D101 CIO All I/O pins and OSC2 (in RC - - 50 pF
mode)
D102 Cb SCL, SDA in I2C mode - - 400 pF
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: In RC oscillator mode, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
device be driven with external clock in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input volt-
ages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 87

PIC16C62B/72A
13.4 AC (Timing) Characteristics
13.4.1 TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY

The timing parameter symbols have been created fol-

lowing one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS 3. TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)

2. TppS 4. Ts (I2C specifications only)
T
F Frequency T Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc CCP1 osc OSC1
ck CLKOUT rd RD
cs CS rw RD or WR
di SDI sc SCK
do SDO ss SS
dt Data in t0 T0CKI
io I/O port t1 T1CKI
mc MCLR wr WR
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F Fall P Period
H High R Rise
I Invalid (Hi-impedance) V Valid
L Low Z Hi-impedance
I2C only
AA output access High High
BUF Bus free Low Low
TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)
CC
HD Hold SU Setup
ST
DAT DATA input hold STO STOP condition
STA START condition

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 PIC16C62B/72A
13.4.2 TIMING CONDITIONS

The temperature and voltages specified in Table 13-1

apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise
noted. Figure 13-4 specifies the load conditions for the
timing specifications.
TABLE 13-1: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS - AC
AC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature 0°C  TA  +70°C for commercial
-40°C  TA  +85°C for industrial
-40°C  TA +125°C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 13.1 and Section 13.2.
LC parts operate for commercial/industrial temp’s only.

FIGURE 13-4: LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

Load condition 1 Load condition 2

VDD/2

RL Pin CL

VSS
CL
Pin
RL = 464
VSS CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLKOUT
15 pF for OSC2 output

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 89

PIC16C62B/72A
13.4.3 TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 13-5: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

OSC1

1 3 3
4 4
2

CLKOUT

TABLE 13-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
1A Fosc External CLKIN Frequency DC — 4 MHz RC and XT osc modes
(Note 1) DC — 4 MHz HS osc mode (-04)
DC — 20 MHz HS osc mode (-20)
DC — 200 kHz LP osc mode
Oscillator Frequency DC — 4 MHz RC osc mode
(Note 1) 0.1 — 4 MHz XT osc mode
4 — 20 MHz HS osc mode
5 — 200 kHz LP osc mode
1 Tosc External CLKIN Period 250 — — ns RC and XT osc modes
(Note 1) 250 — — ns HS osc mode (-04)
50 — — ns HS osc mode (-20)
5 — — s LP osc mode
Oscillator Period 250 — — ns RC osc mode
(Note 1) 250 — 10,000 ns XT osc mode
250 — 250 ns HS osc mode (-04)
50 — 250 ns HS osc mode (-20)
5 — — s LP osc mode
2 TCY Instruction Cycle Time (Note 1) 200 — DC ns TCY = 4/FOSC
3* TosL, External Clock in (OSC1) High 100 — — ns XT oscillator
TosH or Low Time 2.5 — — s LP oscillator
15 — — ns HS oscillator
4* TosR, External Clock in (OSC1) Rise — — 25 ns XT oscillator
TosF or Fall Time — — 50 ns LP oscillator
— — 15 ns HS oscillator
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time-base period. All specified values are
based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the
device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or
higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at "min." values with an external
clock applied to the OSC1/CLKIN pin.
When an external clock input is used, the "Max." cycle time limit is "DC" (no clock) for all devices.

DS35008C-page 90 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-6: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING
Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3

OSC1

10 11

CLKOUT

13 12
14 19 18
16

I/O Pin
(input)

17 15

I/O Pin old value new value

(output)

20, 21
Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-3: CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
10* TosH2ckL OSC1 to CLKOUT — 75 200 ns Note 1
11* TosH2ckH OSC1 to CLKOUT — 75 200 ns Note 1
12* TckR CLKOUT rise time — 35 100 ns Note 1
13* TckF CLKOUT fall time — 35 100 ns Note 1
14* TckL2ioV CLKOUT  to Port out valid — — 0.5TCY + 20 ns Note 1
15* TioV2ckH Port in valid before CLKOUT  Tosc + 200 — — ns Note 1
16* TckH2ioI Port in hold after CLKOUT  0 — — ns Note 1
17* TosH2ioV OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid — 50 150 ns
18* TosH2ioI OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port PIC16CXX 100 — — ns
18A* input invalid (I/O in hold PIC16LCXX 200 — — ns
time)
19* TioV2osH Port input valid to OSC1(I/O in setup time) 0 — — ns
20* TioR Port output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 40 ns
20A* PIC16LCXX — — 80 ns
21* TioF Port output fall time PIC16CXX — 10 40 ns
21A* PIC16LCXX — — 80 ns
22††* Tinp INT pin high or low time TCY — — ns
23††* Trbp RB7:RB4 change INT high or low time TCY — — ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
††These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edge.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC Mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 91

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-7: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP
TIMER TIMING

VDD

MCLR

30
Internal
POR

33
PWRT
Time-out
32

OSC
Time-out

Internal
RESET

Watchdog
Timer
RESET
31
34 34

I/O Pins

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

FIGURE 13-8: BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING

BVDD
VDD
35

TABLE 13-4: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER
AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
30 TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low) 2 — — s VDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C
31* Twdt Watchdog Timer Time-out Period 7 18 33 ms VDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C
(No Prescaler)
32 Tost Oscillator Start-up Timer Period — 1024 — — TOSC = OSC1 period
TOSC
33* Tpwrt Power-up Timer Period 28 72 132 ms VDD = 5V, -40°C to +125°C
34 TIOZ I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR — — 2.1 s
Low or WDT reset
35 TBOR Brown-out Reset Pulse Width 100 — — s VDD  BVDD (D005)
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.

DS35008C-page 92 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-9: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS

T0CKI

40 41

42

T1OSO/T1CKI

45 46

47 48

TMR0 or
TMR1

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-5: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
40* Tt0H T0CKI High Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
parameter 42
With Prescaler 10 — — ns
41* Tt0L T0CKI Low Pulse Width No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
parameter 42
With Prescaler 10 — — ns
42* Tt0P T0CKI Period No Prescaler TCY + 40 — — ns
With Prescaler Greater of: — — ns N = prescale value
20 or TCY + 40 (2, 4,..., 256)
N
45* Tt1H T1CKI High Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
parameter 47
Synchronous, PIC16CXX 15 — — ns
Prescaler =
PIC16LCXX 25 — — ns
2,4,8
Asynchronous PIC16CXX 30 — — ns
PIC16LCXX 50 — — ns
46* Tt1L T1CKI Low Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns Must also meet
parameter 47
Synchronous, PIC16CXX 15 — — ns
Prescaler =
PIC16LCXX 25 — — ns
2,4,8
Asynchronous PIC16CXX 30 — — ns
PIC16LCXX 50 — — ns
47* Tt1P T1CKI input period Synchronous PIC16CXX GREATER OF: — — ns N = prescale value
30 OR TCY + 40 (1, 2, 4, 8)
N
PIC16LCXX GREATER OF: N = prescale value
50 OR TCY + 40 (1, 2, 4, 8)
N
Asynchronous PIC16CXX 60 — — ns
PIC16LCXX 100 — — ns
Ft1 Timer1 oscillator input frequency range DC — 200 kHz
(oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)
48 TCKEZtmr1 Delay from external clock edge to timer increment 2Tosc — 7Tosc —
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 93

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-10: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS

CCP1
(Capture Mode)

50 51

52

CCP1
(Compare or PWM Mode)
53 54

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-6: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS

Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
50* TccL CCP1 input low No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns
time With Prescaler PIC16CXX 10 — — ns
PIC16LCXX 20 — — ns
51* TccH CCP1 input high No Prescaler 0.5TCY + 20 — — ns
time With Prescaler PIC16CXX 10 — — ns
PIC16LCXX 20 — — ns
52* TccP CCP1 input period 3TCY + 40 — — ns N = prescale
N value (1,4, or 16)
53* TccR CCP1 output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
PIC16LCXX — 25 45 ns
54* TccF CCP1 output fall time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
PIC16LCXX — 25 45 ns
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in "Typ" column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.

DS35008C-page 94 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-11: EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

SS

70
SCK
(CKP = 0)

71 72
78 79

SCK
(CKP = 1)

79 78
80

SDO MSb BIT6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76

SDI MSb IN BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN

74
73

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-7: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0)

Param. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
70 TssL2scH, SS to SCK or SCK input TCY — — ns
TssL2scL
71 TscH SCK input high time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
71A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
72 TscL SCK input low time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
72A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
73 TdiV2scH, Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TdiV2scL
73A TB2B Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns Note 1
edge of Byte2
74 TscH2diL, Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TscL2diL
75 TdoR SDO data output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
PIC16LCXX — 20 45 ns
76 TdoF SDO data output fall time — 10 25 ns
78 TscR SCK output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
(master mode) PIC16LCXX — 20 45 ns
79 TscF SCK output fall time (master mode) — 10 25 ns
80 TscH2doV, SDO data output valid PIC16CXX — — 50 ns
TscL2doV after SCK edge PIC16LCXX — — 100 ns
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 95

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-12: EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

SS
81
SCK
(CKP = 0)

71 72
79
73
SCK
(CKP = 1)
80
78

SDO MSb BIT6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76

SDI MSb IN BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN

74

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-8: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1)

Param. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
71 TscH SCK input high time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
71A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
72 TscL SCK input low time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
72A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
73 TdiV2scH, Setup time of SDI data input to SCK 100 — — ns
TdiV2scL edge
73A TB2B Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns Note 1
edge of Byte2
74 TscH2diL, Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TscL2diL
75 TdoR SDO data output rise PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
time PIC16LCXX 20 45 ns
76 TdoF SDO data output fall time — 10 25 ns
78 TscR SCK output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
(master mode) PIC16LCXX 20 45 ns
79 TscF SCK output fall time (master mode) — 10 25 ns
80 TscH2doV, SDO data output valid PIC16CXX — — 50 ns
TscL2doV after SCK edge PIC16LCXX — 100 ns
81 TdoV2scH, SDO data output setup to SCK edge TCY — — ns
TdoV2scL
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

DS35008C-page 96 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-13: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

SS

70
SCK
(CKP = 0) 83

71 72
78 79

SCK
(CKP = 1)

79 78
80

SDO MSb BIT6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76 77

SDI MSb IN BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN

74
73
Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-9: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
Param. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
70 TssL2scH, SS to SCK or SCK input TCY — — ns
TssL2scL
71 TscH SCK input high time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
71A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
72 TscL SCK input low time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
72A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
73 TdiV2scH, Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TdiV2scL
73A TB2B Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns Note 1
edge of Byte2
74 TscH2diL, Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TscL2diL
75 TdoR SDO data output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
PIC16LCXX 20 45 ns
76 TdoF SDO data output fall time — 10 25 ns
77 TssH2doZ SS to SDO output hi-impedance 10 — 50 ns
78 TscR SCK output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
(master mode) PIC16LCXX 20 45 ns
79 TscF SCK output fall time (master mode) — 10 25 ns
80 TscH2doV, SDO data output valid PIC16CXX — — 50 ns
TscL2doV after SCK edge PIC16LCXX — 100 ns
83 TscH2ssH, SS after SCK edge 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns
TscL2ssH
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 97

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-14: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
82
SS

70
SCK
83
(CKP = 0)

71 72

SCK
(CKP = 1)
80

SDO MSb BIT6 - - - - - -1 LSb

75, 76 77

SDI
MSb IN BIT6 - - - -1 LSb IN

74
NOTE: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-10: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1)

Param. Symbol Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
70 TssL2scH, SS to SCK or SCK input TCY — — ns
TssL2scL
71 TscH SCK input high time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
71A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
72 TscL SCK input low time Continuous 1.25TCY + 30 — — ns
72A (slave mode) Single Byte 40 — — ns Note 1
73A TB2B Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns Note 1
edge of Byte2
74 TscH2diL, Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge 100 — — ns
TscL2diL
75 TdoR SDO data output rise PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
time PIC16LCXX 20 45 ns
76 TdoF SDO data output fall time — 10 25 ns
77 TssH2doZ SS to SDO output hi-impedance 10 — 50 ns
78 TscR SCK output rise time PIC16CXX — 10 25 ns
(master mode) PIC16LCXX — 20 45 ns
79 TscF SCK output fall time (master mode) — 10 25 ns
80 TscH2doV, SDO data output valid PIC16CXX — — 50 ns
TscL2doV after SCK edge PIC16LCXX — — 100 ns
82 TssL2doV SDO data output valid PIC16CXX — — 50 ns
after SS edge PIC16LCXX — — 100 ns
83 TscH2ssH, SS after SCK edge 1.5TCY + 40 — — ns
TscL2ssH
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

DS35008C-page 98 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-15: I2C BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING

SCL
91 93
90 92

SDA

START STOP
Condition Condition

Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-11: I2C BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS

Parameter Sym Characteristic Min Ty Max Unit Conditions
No. p s
90* TSU:STA START condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — — ns Only relevant for repeated
Setup time 400 kHz mode 600 — — START condition
91* THD:STA START condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — — ns After this period the first clock
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600 — — pulse is generated
92* TSU:STO STOP condition 100 kHz mode 4700 — — ns
Setup time 400 kHz mode 600 — —
93 THD:STO STOP condition 100 kHz mode 4000 — — ns
Hold time 400 kHz mode 600 — —
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 99

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-16: I2C BUS DATA TIMING
103 100 102
101
SCL
90
106 107
91 92
SDA
In
110
109 109

SDA
Out
Note: Refer to Figure 13-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 13-12: I2C BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS

Param. Sym Characteristic Min Max Units Conditions
No.
100* THIGH Clock high time 100 kHz mode 4.0 — s Device must operate at a min-
imum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 0.6 — s Device must operate at a min-
imum of 10 MHz
SSP Module 1.5TCY —
101* TLOW Clock low time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Device must operate at a min-
imum of 1.5 MHz
400 kHz mode 1.3 — s Device must operate at a min-
imum of 10 MHz
SSP Module 1.5TCY —
102* TR SDA and SCL rise 100 kHz mode — 1000 ns
time 400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1Cb 300 ns Cb is specified to be from
10-400 pF
103* TF SDA and SCL fall 100 kHz mode — 300 ns
time 400 kHz mode 20 + 0.1Cb 300 ns Cb is specified to be from
10-400 pF
90* TSU:STA START condition 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Only relevant for repeated
setup time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — s START condition

91* THD:STA START condition hold 100 kHz mode 4.0 — s After this period the first clock
time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — s pulse is generated

106* THD:DAT Data input hold time 100 kHz mode 0 — ns

400 kHz mode 0 0.9 s
107* TSU:DAT Data input setup time 100 kHz mode 250 — ns Note 2
400 kHz mode 100 — ns
92* TSU:STO STOP condition setup 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s
time 400 kHz mode 0.6 — s
109* TAA Output valid from 100 kHz mode — 3500 ns Note 1
clock 400 kHz mode — — ns
110* TBUF Bus free time 100 kHz mode 4.7 — s Time the bus must be free
400 kHz mode 1.3 — s before a new transmission
can start
Cb Bus capacitive loading — 400 pF
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region (min. 300 ns) of the fall-
ing edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of START or STOP conditions.
2: A fast-mode (400 kHz) I2C-bus device can be used in a standard-mode (100 kHz) I2C-bus system, but the requirement Tsu:DAT 
250 ns must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If
such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDA line TR
max.+tsu;DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the standard-mode I2C bus specification) before the SCL line is released.

DS35008C-page 100 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
TABLE 13-13: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:
PIC16C72A-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
PIC16C72A-20 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
PIC16LC72A-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL)
Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Units Conditions
No.
A01 NR Resolution — — 8-bits bit VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A02 EABS Total Absolute error — — <±1 LSB VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A03 EIL Integral linearity error — — <±1 LSB VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A04 EDL Differential linearity error — — <±1 LSB VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A05 EFS Full scale error — — <±1 LSB VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A06 EOFF Offset error — — <±1 LSB VREF = VDD = 5.12V,
VSS  VAIN  VREF
A10 — Monotonicity — guaranteed — — VSS  VAIN  VREF
(Note 3)
A20 VREF Reference voltage 2.5V — VDD + 0.3 V
A25 VAIN Analog input voltage VSS - 0.3 — VREF + 0.3 V
A30 ZAIN Recommended impedance of — — 10.0 k
analog voltage source
A40 IAD A/D conversion PIC16CXX — 180 — A Average current con-
current (VDD) PIC16LCXX — 90 — A sumption when A/D is
on. (Note 1)
A50 IREF VREF input current (Note 2) 10 — 1000 A During VAIN acquisi-
tion. Based on differ-
ential of VHOLD to
VAIN to charge
CHOLD, see
— — 10 A Section 9.1.
During A/D conver-
sion cycle
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current.
The power-down current spec includes any such leakage from the A/D module.
2: VREF current is from RA3 pin or VDD pin, whichever is selected as reference input.
3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the Input Voltage and has no missing codes.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 101

PIC16C62B/72A
FIGURE 13-17: A/D CONVERSION TIMING

BSF ADCON0, GO 1 TCY

134 (Tosc/2) (1)
131
Q4
130

A/D CLK 132

A/D DATA 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

ADRES OLD_DATA NEW_DATA

ADIF

GO DONE

SAMPLING STOPPED
SAMPLE

Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This
allows the SLEEP instruction to be executed.

TABLE 13-14: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS

Param Sym Characteristic Min Typ† Max Unit Conditions
No. s
130 TAD A/D clock period PIC16CXX 1.6 — — s TOSC based, VREF  3.0V
PIC16LCXX 2.0 — — s TOSC based, VREF full range
PIC16CXX 2.0 4.0 6.0 s A/D RC Mode
PIC16LCXX 3.0 6.0 9.0 s A/D RC Mode
131 TCNV Conversion time (not including S/H 11 — 11 TAD
time) (Note 1)
132 TACQ Acquisition time Note 2 20 — s

5* — — s The minimum time is the

amplifier settling time. This
may be used if the "new" input
voltage has not changed by
more than 1 LSb (i.e., 20.0 mV
@ 5.12V) from the last sam-
pled voltage (as stated on
CHOLD).
134 TGO Q4 to A/D clock start — TOSC/2 — — If the A/D clock source is
selected as RC, a time of TCY
is added before the A/D clock
starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.
135 Tswc Switching from convert  sample 1.5 — — TAD
time
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.
† Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only
and are not tested.
Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
2: See Section 9.1 for min conditions.

DS35008C-page 102 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
14.0 DC AND AC CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS AND TABLES
The graphs and tables provided in this section are for design guidance and are not tested.
In some graphs or tables, the data presented are outside specified operating range (i.e., outside specified VDD
range). This is for information only and devices are guaranteed to operate properly only within the specified range.
The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over a period
of time and matrix samples. 'Typical' represents the mean of the distribution at 25C. 'Max' or 'min' represents
(mean + 3) or (mean - 3) respectively, where  is standard deviation, over the whole temperature range.

Graphs and Tables not available at this time.

Data is not available at this time but you may reference the PIC16C72 Series Data Sheet (DS39016,) DC and AC char-
acteristic section, which contains data similar to what is expected.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 103

PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

DS35008C-page 104 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
15.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
15.1 Package Marking Information

28-Lead PDIP (Skinny DIP) Example

MMMMMMMMMMMM PIC16C72A-04/SP
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
AABBCDE 1317HAT

28-Lead CERDIP Windowed Example

XXXXXXXXXXX PIC16C72A/JW
XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX 1317CAT
AABBCDE

28-Lead SOIC Example

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM PIC16C62B-20/SO
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
AABBCDE 1310/SAA

28-Lead SSOP Example

XXXXXXXXXXXX PIC16C62B
XXXXXXXXXXXX 20I/SS025

AABBCDE 1317SBP

Legend: MM...M Microchip part number information

XX...X Customer specific information*
AA Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
BB Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
C Facility code of the plant at which wafer is manufactured
O = Outside Vendor
C = 5” Line
S = 6” Line
H = 8” Line
D Mask revision number
E Assembly code of the plant or country of origin in which
part was assembled

Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters
for customer specific information.

* Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask
rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with
your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 105

PIC16C62B/72A
15.2 28-Lead Skinny Plastic Dual In-line (SP) – 300 mil (PDIP)

E1

2
n 1 

E A2

L
c

 A1 B1
eB B p

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .100 2.54
Top to Seating Plane A .140 .150 .160 3.56 3.81 4.06
Molded Package Thickness A2 .125 .130 .135 3.18 3.30 3.43
Base to Seating Plane A1 .015 0.38
Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .300 .313 .325 7.62 7.94 8.26
Molded Package Width E1 .279 .307 .335 7.09 7.80 8.51
Overall Length D 1.345 1.365 1.385 34.16 34.67 35.18
Tip to Seating Plane L .125 .130 .135 3.18 3.30 3.43
Lead Thickness c .008 .012 .015 0.20 0.29 0.38
Upper Lead Width B1 .040 .053 .065 1.02 1.33 1.65
Lower Lead Width B .016 .019 .022 0.41 0.48 0.56
Overall Row Spacing eB .320 .350 .430 8.13 8.89 10.92
Mold Draft Angle Top  5 10 15 5 10 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom  5 10 15 5 10 15
*Controlling Parameter
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-095
Drawing No. C04-070

DS35008C-page 106 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
15.3 28-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (JW) – 300 mil (CERDIP)

E1

W2 D

2
n 1

W1

A A2

c L

B1
eB A1
B p

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .100 2.54
Top to Seating Plane A .170 .183 .195 4.32 4.64 4.95
Ceramic Package Height A2 .155 .160 .165 3.94 4.06 4.19
Standoff A1 .015 .023 .030 0.38 0.57 0.76
Shoulder to Shoulder Width E .300 .313 .325 7.62 7.94 8.26
Ceramic Pkg. Width E1 .285 .290 .295 7.24 7.37 7.49
Overall Length D 1.430 1.458 1.485 36.32 37.02 37.72
Tip to Seating Plane L .135 .140 .145 3.43 3.56 3.68
Lead Thickness c .008 .010 .012 0.20 0.25 0.30
Upper Lead Width B1 .050 .058 .065 1.27 1.46 1.65
Lower Lead Width B .016 .019 .021 0.41 0.47 0.53
Overall Row Spacing eB .345 .385 .425 8.76 9.78 10.80
Window Width W1 .130 .140 .150 3.30 3.56 3.81
Window Length W2 .290 .300 .310 7.37 7.62 7.87
*Controlling Parameter
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-058
Drawing No. C04-080

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 107

PIC16C62B/72A
15.4 28-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) – Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)

E
E1
p

B
2
n 1

h


45

c
A A2


 L A1

Units INCHES* MILLIMETERS

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .050 1.27
Overall Height A .093 .099 .104 2.36 2.50 2.64
Molded Package Thickness A2 .088 .091 .094 2.24 2.31 2.39
Standoff A1 .004 .008 .012 0.10 0.20 0.30
Overall Width E .394 .407 .420 10.01 10.34 10.67
Molded Package Width E1 .288 .295 .299 7.32 7.49 7.59
Overall Length D .695 .704 .712 17.65 17.87 18.08
Chamfer Distance h .010 .020 .029 0.25 0.50 0.74
Foot Length L .016 .033 .050 0.41 0.84 1.27
Foot Angle Top  0 4 8 0 4 8
Lead Thickness c .009 .011 .013 0.23 0.28 0.33
Lead Width B .014 .017 .020 0.36 0.42 0.51
Mold Draft Angle Top  0 12 15 0 12 15
Mold Draft Angle Bottom  0 12 15 0 12 15
*Controlling Parameter
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013
Drawing No. C04-052

DS35008C-page 108 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
15.5 28-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) – 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)

E1
p

B
2
n 1


A
c
A2

 A1

L


Units INCHES MILLIMETERS*

Dimension Limits MIN NOM MAX MIN NOM MAX
Number of Pins n 28 28
Pitch p .026 0.66
Overall Height A .068 .073 .078 1.73 1.85 1.98
Molded Package Thickness A2 .064 .068 .072 1.63 1.73 1.83
Standoff A1 .002 .006 .010 0.05 0.15 0.25
Overall Width E .299 .309 .319 7.59 7.85 8.10
Molded Package Width E1 .201 .207 .212 5.11 5.25 5.38
Overall Length D .396 .402 .407 10.06 10.20 10.34
Foot Length L .022 .030 .037 0.56 0.75 0.94
Lead Thickness c .004 .007 .010 0.10 0.18 0.25
Foot Angle  0 4 8 0.00 101.60 203.20
Lead Width B .010 .013 .015 0.25 0.32 0.38
Mold Draft Angle Top  0 5 10 0 5 10
Mold Draft Angle Bottom  0 5 10 0 5 10
*Controlling Parameter
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010” (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-150
Drawing No. C04-073

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 109

PIC16C62B/72A
NOTES:

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 PIC16C62B/72A
APPENDIX A: REVISION HISTORY

Version Date Revision Description

A 7/98 This is a new data sheet. However, the devices described in this data sheet are the upgrades to
the devices found in the PIC16C6X Data Sheet, DS30234, and the PIC16C7X Data Sheet,
DS30390.

APPENDIX B: CONVERSION
CONSIDERATIONS
Considerations for converting from previous versions of
devices to the ones listed in this data sheet are listed in
Table B-1.

TABLE B-1: CONVERSION CONSIDERATIONS

Difference PIC16C62A/72 PIC16C62B/72A

Voltage Range 2.5V - 6.0V 2.5V - 5.5V

SSP module Basic SSP (2 mode SPI) SSP (4 mode SPI)

CCP module CCP does not reset TMR1 when in special N/A
event trigger mode.

Timer1 module Writing to TMR1L register can cause over- N/A

flow in TMR1H register.

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PIC16C62B/72A
APPENDIX C: MIGRATION FROM 11. Two separate timers, Oscillator Start-up Timer
(OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) are
BASE-LINE TO
included for more reliable power-up. These tim-
MID-RANGE DEVICES ers are invoked selectively to avoid unnecessary
This section discusses how to migrate from a baseline delays on power-up and wake-up.
device (i.e., PIC16C5X) to a mid-range device (i.e., 12. PORTB has weak pull-ups and interrupt on
PIC16CXXX). change feature.
The following are the list of modifications over the 13. T0CKI pin is also a port pin (RA4) now.
PIC16C5X microcontroller family: 14. FSR is made a full eight bit register.
1. Instruction word length is increased to 14-bits. 15. “In-circuit serial programming” is made possible.
This allows larger page sizes both in program The user can program PIC16CXX devices using
memory (2K now as opposed to 512 before) and only five pins: VDD, VSS, MCLR/VPP, RB6 (clock)
register file (128 bytes now versus 32 bytes and RB7 (data in/out).
before). 16. PCON status register is added with a Power-on
2. A PC high latch register (PCLATH) is added to Reset status bit (POR).
handle program memory paging. Bits PA2, PA1, 17. Code protection scheme is enhanced such that
PA0 are removed from STATUS register. portions of the program memory can be pro-
3. Data memory paging is redefined slightly. tected, while the remainder is unprotected.
STATUS register is modified. 18. Brown-out protection circuitry has been added.
4. Four new instructions have been added: Controlled by configuration word bit BODEN.
RETURN, RETFIE, ADDLW, and SUBLW. Brown-out reset ensures the device is placed in
Two instructions TRIS and OPTION are being a reset condition if VDD dips below a fixed set-
phased out although they are kept for compati- point.
bility with PIC16C5X. To convert code written for PIC16C5X to PIC16CXXX,
5. OPTION_REG and TRIS registers are made the user should take the following steps:
addressable. 1. Remove any program memory page select
6. Interrupt capability is added. Interrupt vector is operations (PA2, PA1, PA0 bits) for CALL, GOTO.
at 0004h. 2. Revisit any computed jump operations (write to
7. Stack size is increased to 8 deep. PC or add to PC, etc.) to make sure page bits
8. Reset vector is changed to 0000h. are set properly under the new scheme.
9. Reset of all registers is revisited. Five different 3. Eliminate any data memory page switching.
reset (and wake-up) types are recognized. Reg- Redefine data variables to reallocate them.
isters are reset differently. 4. Verify all writes to STATUS, OPTION, and FSR
10. Wake up from SLEEP through interrupt is registers since these have changed.
added. 5. Change reset vector to 0000h.

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 PIC16C62B/72A
INDEX CCP1CON Register .......................................................... 33
CCP1M3:CCP1M0 Bits ............................................. 33
A CCP1X:CCP1Y Bits .................................................. 33
A/D ..................................................................................... 49 Code Protection ...........................................................55, 66
A/D Converter Enable (ADIE Bit) ............................... 14 CP1:CP0 Bits ............................................................ 55
A/D Converter Flag (ADIF Bit) ............................ 15, 51 Compare (CCP Module) .................................................... 35
A/D Converter Interrupt, Configuring ......................... 51 Block Diagram ........................................................... 35
ADCON0 Register ................................................ 9, 49 CCP Pin Configuration .............................................. 35
ADCON1 Register ........................................10, 49, 50 CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers .................................... 35
ADRES Register .............................................9, 49, 51 Software Interrupt ...................................................... 35
Analog Port Pins .......................................................... 6 Special Event Trigger ................................... 29, 35, 54
Analog Port Pins, Configuring ................................... 53 Timer1 Mode Selection ............................................. 35
Block Diagram ........................................................... 51 Configuration Bits .............................................................. 55
Block Diagram, Analog Input Model .......................... 52 Conversion Considerations ............................................. 111
Channel Select (CHS2:CHS0 Bits) ............................ 49
Clock Select (ADCS1:ADCS0 Bits) ........................... 49
D
Configuring the Module ............................................. 51 Data Memory ....................................................................... 8
Conversion Clock (TAD) ............................................. 53 Bank Select (RP1:RP0 Bits) ..................................8, 11
Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit) ..................... 49, 51 General Purpose Registers ......................................... 8
Conversions ............................................................... 54 Register File Map ........................................................ 8
Converter Characteristics ........................................ 101 Special Function Registers ......................................... 9
Module On/Off (ADON Bit) ........................................ 49 DC Characteristics ......................................................84, 86
Port Configuration Control (PCFG2:PCFG0 Bits) ...... 50 Development Support ........................................................ 75
Sampling Requirements ............................................ 52 Direct Addressing .............................................................. 18
Special Event Trigger (CCP) .............................. 35, 54
E
Timing Diagram ....................................................... 102
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................... 81 Electrical Characteristics ................................................... 81
ADCON0 Register ........................................................ 9, 49 Errata ................................................................................... 3
ADCS1:ADCS0 Bits ................................................... 49 External Power-on Reset Circuit ....................................... 59
ADON Bit ................................................................... 49 F
CHS2:CHS0 Bits ....................................................... 49
Firmware Instructions ........................................................ 67
GO/DONE Bit ..................................................... 49, 51
ADCON1 Register ................................................10, 49, 50 I
PCFG2:PCFG0 Bits ................................................... 50
I/O Ports ............................................................................ 19
ADRES Register .....................................................9, 49, 51
I2C (SSP Module) .............................................................. 41
Architecture
ACK Pulse .......................................41, 42, 43, 44, 45
PIC16C62B/PIC16C72A Block Diagram ..................... 5
Addressing ................................................................ 42
Assembler
Block Diagram ........................................................... 41
MPASM Assembler ................................................... 75
Buffer Full Status (BF Bit) ......................................... 46
B Clock Polarity Select (CKP Bit) ................................. 47
Data/Address (D/A Bit) .............................................. 46
Banking, Data Memory ................................................. 8, 11
Master Mode ............................................................. 45
Brown-out Reset (BOR) .......................... 55, 57, 59, 60, 61
BOR Enable (BODEN Bit) ......................................... 55 Mode Select (SSPM3:SSPM0 Bits) .......................... 47
Multi-Master Mode .................................................... 45
BOR Status (BOR Bit) ............................................... 16
Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) .... 42, 43, 44, 46
Timing Diagram ......................................................... 92
Receive Overflow Indicator (SSPOV Bit) .................. 47
C Reception .................................................................. 43
Capture (CCP Module) ...................................................... 34 Reception Timing Diagram ........................................ 43
Block Diagram ........................................................... 34 Slave Mode ............................................................... 41
CCP Pin Configuration .............................................. 34 Start (S Bit) ..........................................................45, 46
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers .................................... 34 Stop (P Bit) ..........................................................45, 46
Changing Between Capture Prescalers .................... 34 Synchronous Serial Port Enable (SSPEN Bit) .......... 47
Software Interrupt ...................................................... 34 Timing Diagram, Data ............................................. 100
Timer1 Mode Selection .............................................. 34 Timing Diagram, Start/Stop Bits ................................ 99
Capture/Compare/PWM Transmission ............................................................. 44
Interaction of Two CCP Modules ............................... 33 Update Address (UA Bit) ........................................... 46
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ......................................... 33 ID Locations ................................................................55, 66
CCP1CON Register .............................................. 9, 33 In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) .........................55, 66
CCPR1H Register ................................................ 9, 33 Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 18
CCPR1L Register ................................................. 9, 33 FSR Register .................................................... 8, 9, 18
Enable (CCP1IE Bit) .................................................. 14 INDF Register ............................................................. 9
Flag (CCP1IF Bit) ...................................................... 15 Instruction Format ............................................................. 67
RC2/CCP1 Pin ............................................................. 6
Timer Resources ....................................................... 33
Timing Diagram ......................................................... 94

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PIC16C62B/72A
Instruction Set .................................................................... 67 RB0/INT Enable (INTE Bit) ........................................ 13
ADDLW ...................................................................... 69 SSP Enable (SSPIE Bit) ............................................ 14
ADDWF ...................................................................... 69 TMR0 Overflow Enable (T0IE Bit) ............................. 13
ANDLW ...................................................................... 69 TMR1 Overflow Enable (TMR1IE Bit) ....................... 14
ANDWF ...................................................................... 69 TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 14
BCF ............................................................................ 69 Interrupts, Flag Bits
BSF ............................................................................ 69 A/D Converter Flag (ADIF Bit) .............................15, 51
BTFSC ....................................................................... 70 CCP1 Flag (CCP1IF Bit) .............................. 15, 34, 35
BTFSS ....................................................................... 70 Interrupt on Change (RB7:RB4)
CALL .......................................................................... 70 Flag (RBIF Bit) .............................................. 13, 21, 63
CLRF ......................................................................... 70 RB0/INT Flag (INTF Bit) ............................................ 13
CLRW ......................................................................... 70 SSP Flag (SSPIF Bit) ................................................ 15
CLRWDT ................................................................... 70 TMR0 Overflow Flag (T0IF Bit) ...........................13, 63
COMF ........................................................................ 71 TMR1 Overflow Flag (TMR1IF Bit) ............................ 15
DECF ......................................................................... 71 TMR2 to PR2 Match Flag (TMR2IF Bit) .................... 15
DECFSZ .................................................................... 71
GOTO ........................................................................ 71 K
INCF .......................................................................... 71 KeeLoq Evaluation and Programming Tools .................. 78
INCFSZ ...................................................................... 71
IORLW ....................................................................... 72
M
IORWF ....................................................................... 72 Master Clear (MCLR) .......................................................... 6
MOVF ........................................................................ 72 MCLR Reset, Normal Operation .................. 57, 60, 61
MOVLW ..................................................................... 72 MCLR Reset, SLEEP ................................... 57, 60, 61
MOVWF ..................................................................... 72 Memory Organization
NOP ........................................................................... 72 Data Memory ............................................................... 8
RETFIE ...................................................................... 73 Program Memory ......................................................... 7
RETLW ...................................................................... 73 MPLAB Integrated Development Environment Software .. 75
RETURN .................................................................... 73
O
RLF ............................................................................ 73
RRF ........................................................................... 73 OPCODE Field Descriptions ............................................. 67
SLEEP ....................................................................... 73 OPTION_REG Register ..............................................10, 12
SUBLW ...................................................................... 74 INTEDG Bit ................................................................ 12
SUBWF ...................................................................... 74 PS2:PS0 Bits .......................................................12, 25
SWAPF ...................................................................... 74 PSA Bit ................................................................12, 25
XORLW ...................................................................... 74 RBPU Bit ................................................................... 12
XORWF ..................................................................... 74 T0CS Bit ..............................................................12, 25
Summary Table ......................................................... 68 T0SE Bit ..............................................................12, 25
INTCON Register .......................................................... 9, 13 OSC1/CLKIN Pin ................................................................. 6
GIE Bit ....................................................................... 13 OSC2/CLKOUT Pin .............................................................. 6
INTE Bit ..................................................................... 13 Oscillator Configuration ...............................................55, 56
INTF Bit ...................................................................... 13 HS .......................................................................56, 60
PEIE Bit ..................................................................... 13 LP ........................................................................56, 60
RBIE Bit ..................................................................... 13 RC .................................................................. 6, 57, 60
RBIF Bit .............................................................. 13, 21 Selection (FOSC1:FOSC0 Bits).................................. 55
T0IE Bit ...................................................................... 13 XT ........................................................................56, 60
T0IF Bit ...................................................................... 13 Oscillator, Timer1 ........................................................27, 29
Interrupt Sources ........................................................ 55, 62 Oscillator, WDT ................................................................. 64
A/D Conversion Complete ......................................... 51 P
Block Diagram ........................................................... 62
Packaging ........................................................................ 105
Capture Complete (CCP) ........................................... 34
Paging, Program Memory .............................................7, 17
Compare Complete (CCP) ......................................... 35
Interrupt on Change (RB7:RB4 ) ............................... 21 PCON Register ............................................................16, 60
BOR Bit ..................................................................... 16
RB0/INT Pin, External ........................................... 6, 63
POR Bit ..................................................................... 16
SSP Receive/Transmit Complete .............................. 39
TMR0 Overflow ................................................... 26, 63 PICDEM-1 Low-Cost PIC MCU Demo Board .................... 77
PICDEM-2 Low-Cost PIC16CXX Demo Board ................. 77
TMR1 Overflow ................................................... 27, 29
PICDEM-3 Low-Cost PIC16CXXX Demo Board ............... 77
TMR2 to PR2 Match .................................................. 32
TMR2 to PR2 Match (PWM) ............................... 31, 36 PICSTART Plus Entry Level Development System ........ 77
PIE1 Register ..............................................................10, 14
Interrupts, Context Saving During ...................................... 63
ADIE Bit ..................................................................... 14
Interrupts, Enable Bits
CCP1IE Bit ................................................................ 14
A/D Converter Enable (ADIE Bit) ............................... 14
SSPIE Bit ................................................................... 14
CCP1 Enable (CCP1IE Bit) ....................................... 14
TMR1IE Bit ................................................................ 14
Global Interrupt Enable (GIE Bit) ........................ 13, 62
Interrupt on Change (RB7:RB4) TMR2IE Bit ................................................................ 14
Pinout Descriptions
Enable (RBIE Bit) ................................................ 13, 63
PIC16C62B/PIC16C72A ............................................. 6
Peripheral Interrupt Enable (PEIE Bit) ....................... 13

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 PIC16C62B/72A
PIR1 Register ............................................................... 9, 15 Prescaler, Timer2 .............................................................. 36
ADIF Bit ..................................................................... 15 Select (T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 Bits) ............................. 31
CCP1IF Bit ................................................................. 15 PRO MATE II Universal Programmer ............................. 77
SSPIF Bit ................................................................... 15 Program Counter
TMR1IF Bit ................................................................ 15 PCL Register .........................................................9, 17
TMR2IF Bit ................................................................ 15 PCLATH Register ........................................... 9, 17, 63
Pointer, FSR ...................................................................... 18 Reset Conditions ....................................................... 60
PORTA ................................................................................ 6 Program Memory ................................................................. 7
Analog Port Pins .......................................................... 6 Interrupt Vector ........................................................... 7
PORTA Register ................................................... 9, 19 Paging ...................................................................7, 17
RA3:RA0 and RA5 Port Pins ..................................... 19 Program Memory Map ................................................ 7
RA4/T0CKI Pin ..................................................... 6, 19 Reset Vector ............................................................... 7
RA5/SS/AN4 Pin ................................................... 6, 39 Program Verification .......................................................... 66
TRISA Register ................................................... 10, 19 Programming Pin (Vpp) ....................................................... 6
PORTB ................................................................................ 6 Programming, Device Instructions .................................... 67
PORTB Register ................................................... 9, 21 PWM (CCP Module) .......................................................... 36
Pull-up Enable (RBPU Bit) ......................................... 12 Block Diagram ........................................................... 36
RB0/INT Edge Select (INTEDG Bit) .......................... 12 CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers .................................... 36
RB0/INT Pin, External .......................................... 6, 63 Duty Cycle ................................................................. 36
RB3:RB0 Port Pins .................................................... 21 Example Frequencies/Resolutions ............................ 37
RB7:RB4 Interrupt on Change ................................... 63 Output Diagram ......................................................... 36
RB7:RB4 Interrupt on Change Period ........................................................................ 36
Enable (RBIE Bit) ............................................... 13, 63 Set-Up for PWM Operation ....................................... 37
RB7:RB4 Interrupt on Change TMR2 to PR2 Match ............................................31, 36
Flag (RBIF Bit) ..............................................13, 21, 63 TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 14
RB7:RB4 Port Pins .................................................... 21 TMR2 to PR2 Match Flag (TMR2IF Bit) .................... 15
TRISB Register ................................................... 10, 21
PORTC ................................................................................ 6 Q
Block Diagram ........................................................... 23 Q-Clock ............................................................................. 36
PORTC Register ................................................... 9, 23
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI Pin ............................................... 6
R
RC1/T1OSI Pin ............................................................ 6 Register File ........................................................................ 8
RC2/CCP1 Pin ............................................................. 6 Register File Map ................................................................ 8
RC3/SCK/SCL Pin ................................................ 6, 39 Reset ...........................................................................55, 57
RC4/SDI/SDA Pin ................................................. 6, 39 Block Diagram ........................................................... 58
RC5/SDO Pin ....................................................... 6, 39 Reset Conditions for All Registers ............................ 61
RC6 Pin ....................................................................... 6 Reset Conditions for PCON Register ........................ 60
RC7 Pin ....................................................................... 6 Reset Conditions for Program Counter ..................... 60
TRISC Register .................................................. 10, 23 Reset Conditions for STATUS Register .................... 60
Postscaler, Timer2 Timing Diagram ......................................................... 92
Select (TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0 Bits) ............................ 31 Revision History .............................................................. 111
Postscaler, WDT ................................................................ 25
S
Assignment (PSA Bit) ......................................... 12, 25
Block Diagram ........................................................... 26 SEEVAL Evaluation and Programming System ............. 78
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ................................ 12, 25 SLEEP .................................................................. 55, 57, 65
Switching Between Timer0 and WDT ........................ 26 Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM) ..................................... 76
Power-on Reset (POR) ........................... 55, 57, 59, 60, 61 Special Features of the CPU ............................................. 55
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) .......................... 55, 59 Special Function Registers .................................................. 9
POR Status (POR Bit) ............................................... 16 Speed, Operating ................................................................ 1
Power Control (PCON) Register ................................ 60 SPI (SSP Module)
Power-down (PD Bit) .......................................... 11, 57 Block Diagram ........................................................... 39
Power-on Reset Circuit, External .............................. 59 Buffer Full Status (BF Bit) ......................................... 46
Power-up Timer (PWRT) .................................... 55, 59 Clock Edge Select (CKE Bit) ..................................... 46
PWRT Enable (PWRTE Bit) ...................................... 55 Clock Polarity Select (CKP Bit) ................................. 47
Time-out (TO Bit) ................................................ 11, 57 Data Input Sample Phase (SMP Bit) ......................... 46
Time-out Sequence ................................................... 60 Mode Select (SSPM3:SSPM0 Bits) .......................... 47
Timing Diagram ......................................................... 92 Receive Overflow Indicator (SSPOV Bit) .................. 47
Prescaler, Capture ............................................................. 34 Serial Clock (RC3/SCK/SCL) .................................... 39
Prescaler, Timer0 .............................................................. 25 Serial Data In (RC4/SDI/SDA) .................................. 39
Assignment (PSA Bit) ......................................... 12, 25 Serial Data Out (RC5/SDO) ...................................... 39
Block Diagram ........................................................... 26 Slave Select (RA5/SS/AN4) ...................................... 39
Rate Select (PS2:PS0 Bits) ................................ 12, 25 Synchronous Serial Port Enable (SSPEN Bit) .......... 47
Switching Between Timer0 and WDT ........................ 26
Prescaler, Timer1 .............................................................. 28
Select (T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Bits)............................... 27

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PIC16C62B/72A
SSP .................................................................................... 39 Timer1 ............................................................................... 27
Enable (SSPIE Bit) .................................................... 14 Block Diagram ........................................................... 28
Flag (SSPIF Bit) ......................................................... 15 Capacitor Selection ................................................... 29
RA5/SS/AN4 Pin .......................................................... 6 Clock Source Select (TMR1CS Bit) ........................... 27
RC3/SCK/SCL Pin ....................................................... 6 External Clock Input Sync (T1SYNC Bit) .................. 27
RC4/SDI/SDA Pin ........................................................ 6 Module On/Off (TMR1ON Bit) ................................... 27
RC5/SDO Pin ............................................................... 6 Oscillator .............................................................27, 29
SSPADD Register ...................................................... 10 Oscillator Enable (T1OSCEN Bit) .............................. 27
SSPBUF Register ........................................................ 9 Overflow Enable (TMR1IE Bit) .................................. 14
SSPCON Register ................................................ 9, 47 Overflow Flag (TMR1IF Bit) ....................................... 15
SSPSTAT Register ............................................. 10, 46 Overflow Interrupt ................................................27, 29
TMR2 Output for Clock Shift ...................................... 32 RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI Pin ............................................... 6
Write Collision Detect (WCOL Bit) ............................. 47 RC1/T1OSI .................................................................. 6
SSPCON Register ............................................................. 47 Special Event Trigger (CCP) ...............................29, 35
CKP Bit ...................................................................... 47 T1CON Register ....................................................9, 27
SSPEN Bit ................................................................. 47 Timing Diagram ......................................................... 93
SSPM3:SSPM0 Bits .................................................. 47 TMR1H Register .......................................................... 9
SSPOV Bit ................................................................. 47 TMR1L Register .......................................................... 9
WCOL Bit ................................................................... 47 Timer2
SSPSTAT Register ............................................................ 46 Block Diagram ........................................................... 32
BF Bit ......................................................................... 46 PR2 Register ................................................ 10, 31, 36
CKE Bit ...................................................................... 46 SSP Clock Shift ......................................................... 32
D/A Bit ........................................................................ 46 T2CON Register ....................................................9, 31
P bit ..................................................................... 45, 46 TMR2 Register ......................................................9, 31
R/W Bit ................................................... 42, 43, 44, 46 TMR2 to PR2 Match Enable (TMR2IE Bit) ................ 14
S Bit .................................................................... 45, 46 TMR2 to PR2 Match Flag (TMR2IF Bit) .................... 15
SMP Bit ...................................................................... 46 TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt ...................... 31, 32, 36
UA Bit ......................................................................... 46 Timing Diagrams
Stack .................................................................................. 17 I2C Reception (7-bit Address) ................................... 43
STATUS Register ...................................................9, 11, 63 Wake-up from SLEEP via Interrupt ........................... 66
C Bit ........................................................................... 11 Timing Diagrams and Specifications ................................. 90
DC Bit ........................................................................ 11 A/D Conversion ....................................................... 102
IRP Bit ........................................................................ 11 Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................ 92
PD Bit .................................................................. 11, 57 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ................................. 94
RP1:RP0 Bits ............................................................. 11 CLKOUT and I/O ....................................................... 91
TO Bit .................................................................. 11, 57 External Clock ........................................................... 90
Z Bit ........................................................................... 11 I2C Bus Data ........................................................... 100
I2C Bus Start/Stop Bits .............................................. 99
T Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ................................. 92
T1CON Register ........................................................... 9, 27 Power-up Timer (PWRT) ........................................... 92
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0 Bits ........................................... 27 Reset ........................................................................... 2
T1OSCEN Bit ............................................................. 27 Timer0 and Timer1 .................................................... 93
T1SYNC Bit ............................................................... 27 Watchdog Timer (WDT) ............................................ 92
TMR1CS Bit ............................................................... 27
TMR1ON Bit .............................................................. 27 W
T2CON Register ........................................................... 9, 31 W Register ......................................................................... 63
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 Bits ........................................... 31 Wake-up from SLEEP .................................................55, 65
TMR2ON Bit .............................................................. 31 Interrupts .............................................................60, 61
TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0 Bits .......................................... 31 MCLR Reset .............................................................. 61
Timer0 ................................................................................ 25 Timing Diagram ......................................................... 66
Block Diagram ........................................................... 25 WDT Reset ................................................................ 61
Clock Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ................ 12, 25 Watchdog Timer (WDT) ..............................................55, 64
Clock Source Select (T0CS Bit) .......................... 12, 25 Block Diagram ........................................................... 64
Overflow Enable (T0IE Bit) ........................................ 13 Enable (WDTE Bit) ..............................................55, 64
Overflow Flag (T0IF Bit) ...................................... 13, 63 Programming Considerations .................................... 64
Overflow Interrupt ............................................... 26, 63 RC Oscillator ............................................................. 64
RA4/T0CKI Pin, External Clock ................................... 6 Timing Diagram ......................................................... 92
Timing Diagram ......................................................... 93 WDT Reset, Normal Operation .................... 57, 60, 61
TMR0 Register ............................................................. 9 WDT Reset, SLEEP ..................................... 57, 60, 61
WWW, On-Line Support ...................................................... 3

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will receive e-mail notification whenever there are
changes, updates, revisions or errata related to a
specified product family or development tool of interest.
To register, access the Microchip web site at
www.microchip.com. Under “Support”, click on
“Customer Change Notification” and follow the
registration instructions.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. DS35008C-page 117

24XX010
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our
documentation can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at
(480) 792-4150.
Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this document.

TO: Technical Publications Manager Total Pages Sent ________

RE: Reader Response

From: Name
Company
Address
City / State / ZIP / Country
Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ FAX: (______) _________ - _________
Application (optional):
Would you like a reply? Y N

Device: 24xx010 Literature Number: DS35008C

Questions:

1. What are the best features of this document?

2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?

3. Do you find the organization of this document easy to follow? If not, why?

4. What additions to the document do you think would enhance the structure and subject?

5. What deletions from the document could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?

6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?

7. How would you improve this document?

DS35008C-page 118  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.

 PIC16C62B/72A
PIC16C62B/72A PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO. -XX X /XX XXX Examples
Pattern: QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements a) PIC16C72A-04/P 301
Package: JW = Windowed CERDIP Commercial Temp.,
SO = SOIC PDIP Package, 4 MHz,
SP = Skinny plastic dip normal VDD limits, QTP
P = PDIP pattern #301
SS = SSOP
b)
Temperature - = 0C to +70C
Range: I = -40C to +85C
E = -40C to +125C
Frequency 04 = 4 MHz
Range: 10 = 10 MHz
20 = 20 MHz
Device PIC16C62B: VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V
PIC16C62BT: VDD range 4.0V to 5.5V (Tape/Reel)
PIC16LC62B: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V
PIC16LC62BT: VDD range 2.5V to 5.5V (Tape/Reel)

* JW Devices are UV erasable and can be programmed to any device configuration. JW Devices meet the electrical requirement of
each oscillator type (including LC devices).

Sales and Support

Data Sheets
Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recom-
mended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following:

1. Your local Microchip sales office

2. The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 786-7277
3. The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)

Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using.

New Customer Notification System

Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 119

PIC16C62B/72A

DS35008C-page 120 Preliminary  1913 Microchip Technology Inc.

Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
• Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.

• Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.

• There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.

• Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.

• Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”

Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.

Information contained in this publication regarding device Trademarks

applications and the like is provided only for your convenience The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
FlashFlex, KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro,
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
PICSTART, PIC32 logo, rfPIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION, FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION, MTP, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control Solutions
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability Incorporated in the U.S.A.
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip Silicon Storage Technology is a registered trademark of
devices in life support and/or safety applications is entirely at Microchip Technology Inc. in other countries.
the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, BodyCom,
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
chipKIT, chipKIT logo, CodeGuard, dsPICDEM,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
intellectual property rights.
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB
Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
PICtail, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, SQI, Serial Quad I/O,
Total Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock, ZENA
and Z-Scale are trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
GestIC and ULPP are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. & KG, a subsidiary of
Microchip Technology Inc., in other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 1998-2013, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in
the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN: 9781620769270

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
CERTIFIED BY DNV Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures

== ISO/TS 16949 ==
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.

 1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS35008C-page 121

 Worldwide Sales and Service
AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC ASIA/PACIFIC EUROPE
Corporate Office Asia Pacific Office India - Bangalore Austria - Wels
2355 West Chandler Blvd. Suites 3707-14, 37th Floor Tel: 91-80-3090-4444 Tel: 43-7242-2244-39
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Tower 6, The Gateway Fax: 91-80-3090-4123 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393
Tel: 480-792-7200 Harbour City, Kowloon Denmark - Copenhagen
India - New Delhi
Fax: 480-792-7277 Hong Kong Tel: 45-4450-2828
Tel: 91-11-4160-8631
Technical Support: Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 45-4485-2829
Fax: 91-11-4160-8632
http://www.microchip.com/ Fax: 852-2401-3431
India - Pune France - Paris
support
Australia - Sydney Tel: 91-20-2566-1512 Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20
Web Address:
Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 91-20-2566-1513 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
www.microchip.com
Fax: 61-2-9868-6755 Germany - Munich
Atlanta Japan - Osaka
China - Beijing Tel: 49-89-627-144-0
Duluth, GA Tel: 81-6-6152-7160
Tel: 86-10-8569-7000 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
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Addison, TX Tel: 86-25-8473-2460 Tel: 60-4-227-8870
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Los Angeles
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Tel: 949-462-9523 Tel: 86-755-8864-2200 Tel: 886-7-213-7828
Fax: 949-462-9608 Fax: 86-755-8203-1760 Fax: 886-7-330-9305
Santa Clara China - Wuhan Taiwan - Taipei
Santa Clara, CA Tel: 86-27-5980-5300 Tel: 886-2-2508-8600
Tel: 408-961-6444 Fax: 86-27-5980-5118 Fax: 886-2-2508-0102
Fax: 408-961-6445 China - Xian Thailand - Bangkok
Toronto Tel: 86-29-8833-7252 Tel: 66-2-694-1351
Mississauga, Ontario, Fax: 86-29-8833-7256 Fax: 66-2-694-1350
Canada China - Xiamen
Tel: 905-673-0699 Tel: 86-592-2388138
Fax: 905-673-6509 Fax: 86-592-2388130
China - Zhuhai
Tel: 86-756-3210040
11/29/12
Fax: 86-756-3210049

DS35008C-page 122 Preliminary  1998-2013 Microchip Technology Inc.