EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

On request and initiative of the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Assam, Sri Tarun
Gogoi, the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India
constituted a national level Expert Group vide DST Office Order No. DST/
Exp Group/Guwahati-microzonation/2002 dated August 19, 2002
(Annexure-I) to carry out the Seismic Microzonation of Guwahati Region.
The Expert Group met for the first time at AMTRON in Guwahati on 12th
and 13th of September, 2002 and thereby set the plan of action and the
broad framework for the participating institutions. It was acknowledged
that the Seismic Microzonation of Guwahati Region posed a challenge
hitherto unattempted, when compared with the similar work being carried
out by DST for the city of Jabalpur and New Delhi. In case of Guwahati,
most of the data would have to be collected afresh, meaning it would require
extensive ground survey, including geophysical, geomorphological, land
use, land cover, ground noise response spectra, basement configurations
and landslide hazard mapping, deployment of strong motion
accelerographs, studies on Peak Ground Acceleration etc.
Accordingly, the Expert Group set out the tasks and priorities for the
participating members and institutions. The Groups so far held eight sittings
(two at AMTRON, two at IIT Guwahati & four at IIT Kharagpur Salt Lake
City Campus, Kolkata), and has monitored the progress of work, held critical
review of the outcome, and thus, ensured quality output at every stage.

IDENTIFICATION OF WORK COMPONENTS FOR THE FIRST PHASE

Having the foregoing information in the background the following items of
work were identified and carried out as the first step towards seismic
microzonation of Guwahati region mostly based on available data.
1. Preparation of Base map on 1:25,000 scale of Guwahati Region
on a digital platform by AMTRON.
2. Compilation and synthesis of geological and geomorphological
map of Guwahati region on the base of SOI toposheets on
1:25,000 scale by GSI.
3. Preparation of bed rock contour map of the area on 1:25,000
scale from the results of vertical electrical resistivity sounding

vii
 surveys carried out by GSI during 1986-87 and 1987-88, supplemented
by similar data generated by GSI during 2002-03 field seasons. These
data were compared and contrasted with similar set of data obtained
by DGM from about 30 bore holes in the basin area. Finally a
synthesized basement contour map was prepared by examining both
the sets of data and superimposed the same on the geological map of
the area.
4. Preparation of landslide hazard zonation map of the hilly tract of the
area on 1:25,000 scale by GSI.
5. A seismotectonic map, prepared by GSI of the area of 200km radius
around Guwahati based mostly on the data published by GSI in the
Seismotectonic Atlas of India (2000).
6. Recent satellite imageries of the area studied by AMTRON to verify
and update the change in landforms and land use pattern from that
given in the SOI toposheets surveyed during 1986-87 to achieve an
updated landuse map of the study area.
7. Instrumental site response studies by using ambient noise (Nakamura
ratio technique) were carried out by GSI, IMD and RRL-J to determine
the maximum site amplification factors and corresponding peak
frequency covering almost the entire area at 141 sites.
8. 200 Borehole geotechnical studies by Assam Engineering College.
9. Compilation of results of macroseismic surveys of the past major
earthquakes affecting Guwahati town by D.R. Nandy, Retd. Director,
GSI.
10. All the data digitized and stored at AMTRON, Guwahati.
11. Map analysis (raster & vector) for Microzonation by IIT Kharagpur.
12. Empirical site response synthesis by IIT Kharagpur.
13. Estimation of scenario earthquake magnitude from the earthquake
catalogue of 140 years by IIT Kharagpur.
14. Site amplification, classification, strong motion spectral acceleration
analysis and synthesis by IIT Kharagpur, IIT Guwahati, Assam
Engineering College, Geological Survey of India, IMD and RRL Jorhat.
15. Site classification map on GIS platform using shear wave velocity (VS30),

viii
 site response, predominant frequency and factor of safety by IIT
Kharagpur.
16. Demography and Preliminary Seismic Population Risk
Assessment by Jorhat Engineering College and IIT Kharagpur.
17. Integration of all the thematic layers and preparation of Seismic
Microzonation map on GIS platform in the scale of 1:25,000 by
IIT Kharagpur.
18. Integration of Seismic Microzonation and demographic distribution
maps on GIS platform for the preparation of Preliminary Seismic
Population Risk map in the scale of 1:25,000 by IIT Kharagpur.
19. Data repository, web based GIS and hosting on a special website
by AMTRON.
Due to untiring effort of the Group and initiatives of DST in sorting out
issues arising out of inter institutional coordination; the basic groundwork
has been completed, collated and compiled for Guwahati Region. Finally
following maps have been prepared and included in the Atlas

Map I Satellite image of Guwahati Region

Map II Landuse map of Guwahati Region
Map III Geological & Geomorphological map of Guwahati Region
Map IV Basement contour map of Guwahati Region
Map V Basement zonation map of Guwahati Region
Map VI Seismotectonic map of Guwahati Region covering 200km
radius of Guwahati Area
Map VII Landslide hazard zonation map of Guwahati Region
Map VIII Bedrock Section Profile (1)
Map IX Bedrock Section Profile (2)
Map X Bedrock Section Profile (3)
Map XI Road network map of Guwahati Region
Map XII Borehole location map of Guwahati Region

ix
Map XIII Ambient noise survey location map (Predominant
frequency observation sites)
Map XIV Boreholes, Ambient noise survey and Strong motion
station map
Map XV Shear wave velocity(Vs30) contour map of Guwahati
Region
Map XVI Shear wave velocity(Vs30) zonation map of Guwahati
Region
Map XVII Factor of Safety contour map of Guwahati Region
Map XVIII Factor of Safety zonation map of Guwahati Region
Map XIX Bulk density contour map of Guwahati Region
Map XX Predominant frequency contour map of Guwahati
Region
Map XXI Predominant frequency distribution map of Guwahati
Region
Map XXII Site response contour map of Guwahati Region
Map XXIII Site response distribution map of Guwahati Region
Map XXIV Site classification of Guwahati Region based on
integration of Vs30 , predominant frequency, site
response and factor of safety
Map XXV Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) map of Guwahati
Region. PGA is estimated through Spectral Strong
Motion Synthesis by Brune ω2-circular Crack source
model for an SEM of Mw 8.7 nucleating from the 1897
Great Shillong Earthquake of Mw 8.7
Map XXVI Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) map of Guwahati
Region. PGA is estimated through Spectral Strong
Motion Synthesis by Synthetic Green’s Function
Simulation for an SEM of Mw 8.7 nucleating from the
1897 Great Shillong Earthquake of Mw 8.7
Map XXVII Seismic Microzonation map of Guwahati Region
(PGA from Green’s Function Simulation)

x
 Map XXVIII Seismic Microzonation map of Guwahati Region with
PGA contours overlaid
Map XXIX Demographic distribution map of Guwahati Region
Map XXX Preliminary Seismic Population Risk map of Guwahati
Region
This report gives indepth analysis of the data collated and compiled for the
above mentioned themes. The data has been given in the Data volume, 27
Map Plates and 3 Section profiles.
The Site response was computed empirically at all 141 predominant frequency
observation sites and as well as at five strong motion stations using waveform
data. Site response contour map was drawn taking all the sites into
consideration. This map matches very well with the surface geology and
shear wave velocity map (Vs30). Earthquake catalogue derived from ISC and
USGS from 1866 - 2006 were used for computing the Scenario Earthquake
Magnitude (SEM) for Guwahati region. It is to be noted that the historical
earthquakes 1897 Shillong, 1918 Srimangal, and 1950 Assam constrained
this catalogued estimation. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is estimated
2
through Spectral Strong Motion Synthesis by both Brune ω -circular Crack
source model and impulsive source function using Empirical Green’s Function
Simulation for an SEM of Mw 8.7 nucleating from hypocenter of the 1897
Great Shillong Earthquake. PGA is contoured for the region with the SEM at
the focus of the 1897 Shillong Earthquake to create a seismic hazard scenario
in the region. It is found that PGA varies monotonically between 0.15g - 0.93g
(1g = 1000gal) in the region. Through the overlaying and subsequent
integration of Geology and Geomorphology (GG), Basement (B), Landslide
Zones (L) and Seismological themes such as Shear Wave Velocity (Vs30),
Site Response (SR), Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Predominant
Frequency (PF) on GIS platform, the final seismic hazard Microzonation map
is prepared.
Five zones are mapped where the average PSHI index is 0.55, 0.44, 0.35,
0.26 and 0.16. We termed these zones as very high, high, moderate, low
and very low hazard regions. An integration of this microzonation vector layer
with the demographic distribution of the urban center yielded a preliminary
seismic population risk map of the region.
Prof. Sankar Kumar Nath
IIT Kharagpur

xi
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction and Background Information

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The northeast India and its adjoining regions are characterized by high seismic
activity. This region encompasses the northern part of the Assam-Arakan geological
province and includes the eastern Himalayas, the Indo-Myanmar arc, the Mishmi
Massif, the Shillong Plateau and adjoining parts, the Tripura folded belt, the Assam
intermountain depression, and the northern part of the Bengal basin. The earlier
seismicity studies of the region were mostly those of investigations of the major
earthquakes originating from the region. One of the first scientific study could be
associated with the classic work of Oldham (Oldham,1899) on the 1897 Great Assam
Earthquake. Pioneering works on seismicity studies of the region also include that
of Bullore, 1904; Pendse, 1948; Tandon, 1954, and Banerjee, 1957. Moreover several
investigators have also studied the seismic phenomena in the region (Dutta, 1964;
Dutta, 1967; Santo, 1969; Than, 1975; Tandon and Srivastava, 1975; Gyi, 1973;
Verma et al., 1976; Khattri and Wyss, 1978). Dutta (1964) studied the annual
frequency relationship. In another paper, Dutta (1967) introduced a further division
of the region into four zones, which coincide with the main geotectonic units of the
region comprising the eastern Himalayas, the Shillong Plateau, the Mishmi Massif
and the Burmese arc. Later, Saikia et al. (1977) introduced another zone
encompassing the Upper Assam depression, parts of the Surma Valley and the
Tripura folded belt. Dutta and Saikia (1976) examined the factors responsible for
structural instability of the fold resistant Assam wedge and the pattern of seismicity,
and attributed the cause to the transformation force systems originating from the
two adjoining arcuate systems - the Himalayan and the Indo-Myanmar. Santo (1969)
related the seismicity to the interaction between India and the Asian continent during
2 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

the northward movement of the former. Furthermore, he attributed the seismicity of

Myanmar (shallow and intermediate depths) to the lithospheric underthrusting
beneath the Myanmar plate. Verma et al. (1976) examined a correlation between
seismicity and gravity in the region. They attributed the high seismicity of the Shillong
Plateau to its gradual rise and that of the Dauki fault system and south of it, as far
as Dhaka, to a secondary effect resulting from the plate movements. Occurrence
of high seismicity, intermediate depth loci and the strong negative anomaly in
Myanmar were considered to be the result of lithospheric underthrusting beneath
the Arakan-Yoma and the Burmese plains. Khattri and Wyss (1978) postulated the
concept of the ‘Assam Gap’ between the epicentral regions of the last two
earthquakes - the Great Assam Earthquake of 1897 and the Assam Earthquake of
1950. They considered the relatively quiet period since 1950 as a preparatory stage
for a future great earthquake.

Though most part of the northeast India is prone to earthquakes, the intensity is
quite different, ranging from 5 to 8 and above, in Richter scale. Earthquakes of low
magnitude of less than 5 on Richter scale are scattered all over the region. However,
most of the earthquakes having a magnitude of more than 5 have been observed in
northern most part of Arunachal Pradesh, some part of lower Brahmaputra Valley,
Central Manipur and West Tripura. Earthquakes ranging between 5 and 6 have
been experienced mainly in northern rim of Assam, West Tripura, Southern Manipur
and eastern rim of Mizoram. Most of the earthquakes, ranging from 6 to 7 magnitudes
of Richter scale, were common in the Brahmaputra Valley, northern Manipur, eastern
Nagaland, and east-central Mizoram. Maximum concentrations of severe
earthquakes, ranging from 7 to 8 magnitudes, have been observed along eastern
Arunachal Pradesh, Central and lower Brahmaputra Valley, and South Eastern
Manipur. Earthquakes having highest magnitude of above 8.0 have been observed
only in the eastern most part, beyond the borders of Arunachal Pradesh and east
Khasi Hills.

The whole of northeast India falls in zone V of the seismic hazard zonation map
(BIS, 2002) of India as shown in Figure 1.1, the highest vulnerable zone in the
country. However, it has been observed during the recent past that earthquake
shaking affects nearby areas differently. Severity of shaking is closely related to
local site conditions.
Chapter 1 3

The Guwahati city being located almost at the center of the region, acts as the
gateway and transit point for communication and transportation for the seven sister
states of northeastern region of India. Shifting of the capital of Assam from Shillong
to Guwahati in 1972 has increased its importance manifold. People from all over
Assam and from the neighboring states have been migrating to Guwahati for job,
business and education. This has resulted in very fast and unplanned growth of the

Table 1.1 Major Earthquakes in the Northeast India

Place Year Magnitude

Cachar, Assam January 10, 1869 Mw > 7.0
Shillong plateau June 12, 1897 Mw 8.1 - 8.7
Sibsagar August 31, 1906 Ms 7.0
Myanmar December 12, 1908 Ms 7.5
Srimangal July 08, 1918 Ms 7.6
SW Assam September 9, 1923 Ms 7.1
Dhubri July 2, 1930 Ms 7.1
Assam January 27, 1931 Ms 7.6
Nagaland 1932 Ms 7.0
N-E Assam October 23, 1943 Ms 7.2
Arunachal July 07, 1947 Ms 7.5
Upper Assam July 29, 1949 Ms 7.6
Upper Assam August 15, 1950 Mw 8.6-8.7
Patkai Range, Arunachal 1950 Ms 7.0
Manipur-Myanmar border 1954 Ms 7.4
Indo-Myanmar border August 06, 1988 Mw 7.2

city which, otherwise, geographically has very limited space in between the relatively
steep sided granite hillocks as seen in Figure 1.2. In early 70s only a few multistoried
buildings existed in the city except in the Downtown area. Most of the houses were
kutchcha-pucca Assam type with corrugated (G.I.) sheet or thatched roofs. But
during the recent past many tall buildings have come up which are juxtaposed to
each other in the main commercial and business hubs and markets, perhaps due
4 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

to acute shortage of space. Many natural water bodies have been filled up for
construction of houses making them more vulnerable to earthquake hazard. In
some cases steep slope of the hillocks has been occupied making life and property
vulnerable to landslides, especially during earthquake and heavy rains. During the
heavy rains of 6-7 October, 2004, 17 people were killed by landslides right within
the city from places like Dhiren Para, Jyotinagar, Chandmari, Jorabat, 9-mile and
Lalganesh.

Figure 1.1 Seismic Zonation Map of India (BIS, 2002) with an inset showing the area
occupied by different seismic hazard zones.
Chapter 1 5

Table 1.2 Decadal Growth of Population of Guwahati City since 1901 to 2001
(Under Guwahati Municipal Corporation Area)

Year Total Population Decadal Growth (%)

1901 11,661
1911 12,481 +7.03
1921 16,480 +32.04
1931 21,797 +32.26
1941 29,598 +35.79
1951 84,601 +185.83
1961 1,66,695 +97.04
1971 2,52,305 +51.36
1981 NO CENSUS NO CENSUS
1991 5,84,342 +131.60
2001 8,09,895 +38.60

Source: District Census Handbook (1991) Part XII-A & B, Census of India, Assam

Keeping in view the importance of Guwahati city which is located in seismic hazard
zone V, and on request of Sri Tarun Gogoi, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Assam in
2002, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India
took the initiative for the preparation of Seismic Microzonation map of Guwahati
Region of about 600 sq km bounded by latitudes 26005’ and 26015’, and longitudes
91055’ and 91055’. The Government of Assam designated Assam Electronics
Development Corporation Ltd. (AMTRON), a Govt. of Assam undertaking and Nodal
IT agency of the state, to coordinate on behalf of the State Government with DST
on matters concerning the Microzonation work of the city. An Expert Group was
promptly constituted by DST for the preparation of comprehensive proposal on
Microzonation of Guwahati region vide DST’s Office Memorandum dated
19.08.2002. From the deliberation in the meetings the Expert Group identified
different institutions viz. Geological Survey of India (GSI), India Meteorological
Department (IMD), Survey of India (SOI), Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat
(RRL-J), IIT Kharagpur (IITKGP), IIT Guwahati (IITG), IIT Roorkee (IITR), Assam
6 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Engineering College, Guwahati (AEC), Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat (JEC),

Guwahati University (GU), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Department of
State Geology and Mining (DGM), and Assam Electronic Development Corporation
(AMTRON) as resource organizations for the job. Later on, the Expert Group was
designated as the Working Group vides DST’s O.M. No. DST/Exp. Group/Guwahati
Microzonation/2002 dated 25.09.2002.

Number of items of work relevant to the project was identified including collation of
already available data and were assigned to different organizations. Of them, GSI
took the major load of work. AMTRON acted as the nodal agency to compile, digitize
and store all the multidisciplinary data sets supplied/generated by the participating
organizations. Under the main project the DST sanctioned a few sub-projects to
IITKGP, IITG, AEC, JEC and AMTRON.

1.2 REGIONAL SEISMICITY OF NORTHEAST INDIA

A regional seismicity map for northeast India (Nandy, 2001) and the adjoining region,
covering the area between 88°E and 98°E longitudes and 20°N and 31°N latitudes
is given in Figure 1.3. Most of the events falling in the tectonic domains of the
eastern Himalaya, Mishmi block, Assam shelf, Meghalaya Plateau and Mikir Hills,
Surma and Bengal basins have shallow focal depth i.e. <70km except for a few
events in the N-W trending wedge shaped block lying between the Kopilli and Bomdila
faults (Figures 1.3 and 1.4).The earthquake events in these tectonic domains occur
in diffused pattern having post-collisional intracratonic characteristics. On the other
hand, most of the earthquake events falling in the Indo-Myanmar (Burmese) tectonic
domain have focal depths varying from 70-200km where seismicity is more intense
and defines the westerly convex broadly N-S subduction zone of the Indian plate.

Seismicity in the Eastern Himalaya, Tethyan Himalaya and over the Yarlung Zangbo
or Tsangpo suture zone is relatively sparse. Events mostly locate in-between the
MBT and MCT and are more concentrated in the areas traversed by the transverse
faults/lineaments running across the Himalayan trend. There is a narrow N-S cluster
of events in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone area falling in the line of 90°E meridian,
which are associated with the Yadong-Gulu garben. Most of the events are of shallow
focus (0-40km depth) in these domains with a few having a depth range of 41 to
Chapter 1 7

70km, and a very few having depth of focus varying from 71 to 150km and occur in
the zone where E-W thrust sheets of the Himalaya take NE trend and are intersected
by cross structures. Magnitudes of the earthquakes were from Mw 4.0 to Mw 5.9
except one event of 1947 having magnitude Mw=7.9 with its epicenter at 28°30´,
94°00´. So far no great earthquakes have been reported from these tectonic domains
(Nandy, 2001).

The Mishmi block and the transverse mountain range are seismically more active
than the adjoining Eastern Himalaya. This tectonic domain generated the 1950
Great Assam earthquake (Mw=8.7), perhaps due to strike-slip movement along the
Po Chu fault. This tectonic domain is traversed by many NW-SE thrusts and faults
(Nandy, 2001).

Figure 1.2 A Satellite image of Guwahati Region

8 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 1.3 Seismicity map of Northeast India and adjoining region (after Nandy, 2001)
Chapter 1 9

Figure 1.4 Seismotectonic map of Guwahati Region

10 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

As shown in Figure 1.3, there is a cluster of earthquake events in the Namcha

Barwa area where the Tsangpo or Zangbo rivers take a hairpin bend to cut across
the Himalaya. This cluster falls in the junction of the E-W Tethyan Himalayan domain
and N-W Mishmi block and the transverse mountain range, which might be acting
as the present day pivot or hinge for post-collisional anticlockwise rotation of the
Indian plate. In this tectonic domain also most of earthquake events are of shallow
depth (<40km) with a few events having focal depth up to 70km, occurring mostly
along the Siang fracture zone. The zone of contact between the Mishmi block and
the northernmost zone of Indo-Myanmar tectogene seems to be very much active
seismically during the period under consideration (Figure 1.3).

1.3 EFFECTS OF PAST EARTHQUAKES IN THE AREA

Two great and three major earthquakes occurred around Guwahati during the period
of last 137 years. They are

a) 1869-Cachar Earthquake, magnitude >7 and epicentral distance of about

60km;

b) 1897-Great Assam Earthquake, magnitude 8.7 and epicentral distance of

about 60 km;

c) 1918-Srimangal Earthquake, magnitude 7.6 and epicentral distance of about

210km;

d) 1931-Dhubri Earthquake, magnitude 7.1 and epicentral distance of about

185km;

e) 1950-Great Earthquake of Assam, magnitude 8.7, epicentral distance of about

600km.

Of these the 1897 event had severe damaging effects in and around Guwahati city.

During 1869 earthquake severe shock was felt at Guwahati (Oldham, 1882). Almost
all the brick buildings suffered damage. East and west wall of the jail developed
horizontal cracks and were tilted; wicket damaged with slight cracks in the arches.
One side of the roof of graveyard porch slipped down. The native infantry hospital
Chapter 1 11

had developed bad cracks either due to faulty construction or settlement of the
wall. The spire of the church got badly cracked. None of the native house in the
bazaar area suffered any damage and no loss of life was reported.

During 1897-Great Assam Earthquake (Oldham, 1899) one of the gate pillars of
Loki Rani’s house fell to N600E, the other gate pillar was removed; a pair of gate
pillars in the compound east of Telegraph Club was severely broken and overthrown;
in the cemetery a marble cross was broken across the socket; the base of stone
pillar of Robert Beecher monument had been projected to a distance of 84cm
horizontally and 1.15m vertically; the clock of the telegraph office stopped at 5.15
pm, local time, the pendulum was broken up the shock; one of the 3m high pillars of
the Deputy Commissioner’s Bungalow had broken through 84cm from the ground
and got twisted by 6 degrees, other pillar had broken at the same level but was not
twisted, low compound wall had fallen; out of the 4 gate pillars made of masonry at
two entrance of the old Dak Bungalow three were broken and twisted and the fourth
one was only broken and fallen; the Commissioner’s and Deputy Commissioner’s
offices were wrecked with the collapse of the walls; capping of the small gate pillar
was shoot off to a distance of 1.30m from the center of the pillar; the obelisk of
almost all the tombs in the old cemetery situated over alluvial ground south of the
station had broken and fallen, one of them was twisted by 480, one recently built
(1875) marble tomb was badly damaged whereas the new cemetery situated on
the flanks of the low hill of gneissic rock east of the station, had suffered little or no
damage; newly constructed brick building of the Railway Station was greatly damaged
with fallen center gable and broken walls and diagonal cracks; E-W wall of the old
temple at the streamer ghat had fallen completely.

The bridge made of three girders over a small stream near the western end of the
bazaar along the G.T. Road had shortened by 45cm due to fissuring of the banks on
both side of the river-abutment having been carried forward, one of the piers was
tilted. Ground in the country surrounding Guwahati had suffered fissuring along the
bank of the river and consequent subsidence of surface, and ejection of sands had
filled up rivers and water bodies; Strand Road from Sukleswar ghat to Bhorolumukh
furnished striking illustration of fissures which developed parallel to the river bank
having 60cm to 120cm width. Near Chouki, 8km north of Guwahati, a small landslip
12 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

occurred from a hill on the roadside. Further north, near Chutiapara, a huge rock
fell down the Kohra and Deodual hill.

During 1931 Dhubri Earthquake, both the Revenue and Judicial Record rooms
were badly damaged. The walls of the buildings were separated at the corners and
cracked from the post-plates through door and window lintels. The wall of the Jail
was damaged for a length of 12m from the height of 1.5m to the top. The walls were
cracked horizontally and moved out about 2.50cm. The Commissioner’s Record
room was damaged over two windows.

There was no appreciable damage at Guwahati during the 1819-Srimangal and

1950-Great Earthquake of Assam.

From the foregoing description it is evident that the alluvial tract of the city is more
vulnerable to damage than the hilly tracts by earthquake shaking excepting the
chance of land/rock slides; and alluvial tracts by the side of the river are highly
vulnerable to liquefaction phenomenon.

1.4 SITE RESPONSE AND SEISMIC MICROZONATION

It is an established fact that ground shaking by earthquake and intensities of damage

depend on the source and path of the earthquake, and on the local site conditions.
It has also been long known that effects of local geology on ground shaking represent
an important factor in earthquake risk evaluation. Site response parameters
deciphered from geotechnical property of soil, geological setting and instrumental
studies can give a good estimate of risk factor by removing both source and deep
path effects assuming that these effects are same for records on bed rock and on
the surface of nearby overlying soil cover (Parolai et al., 2000).

In San Francisco, USA, local amplification over unconsolidated sediments have

been shown to be responsible for intensity variations as large as two degrees (MM
scale) during both 1906 San Francisco earthquake and more recent Loma Prieta
event. In Mexico City there exists very soft lacustrine clay underneath the down
town area of the city. These led to very large amplification, which caused the high
death toll and large economic losses during the distant Guerrero Michoacan
earthquake of 1985. Nearly all recent destructive earthquakes including the 26th
Chapter 1 13

January, 2001 Gujarat earthquake have brought additional evidence of dramatic

importance of site effects.

The local conditions affecting variations in seismic wave amplification are:

i. Topography,

ii. Geotechnical characteristics of surficial soil, and

iii. Depth of sedimentary basin and bed rock (basement) topography, basin edge
conditions and lateral inhomogeneities, vertical/inclined layering of sediments
etc.

Amplitude and shape of the seismic waves are modified by surficial soil through
which they are transmitted in at least three ways:

(i) By causing reflected and refracted waves at velocity discontinuity (basin

effect).

(ii) By causing incoming waves to scatter as it encounters inhomogeneities within

the soil.

(iii) By causing wave to increase in amplitude in soil that are less tightly packed.

Basin effect generally influences long-period wave energy and cause amplified
motion in high-rise building and multi-span bridges. Scattering alters the short-period
wave energy that affects shorter structures. Impedance contrast affects the amplitude
and phase of both short and long period wave. Detailed analysis of macroseismic
data of past earthquakes, if available, with reference to topographic and geotechnical
maps may lead to qualitative appraisal of most hazardous zone.

Beside considering the above factors for the purpose of seismic microzonation, in
the absence of well spaced strong motion data, site condition may directly be obtained
by direct measurement of shear wave velocity at each site by down hole instrumental
probing up to 30m depth or indirectly through noise survey and microtremor
measurement over the area. It has been observed that the ratio between Fourier
spectra of horizontal and vertical components can be used to identify the resonance
fundamental frequency of soft soil (Nakamura, 1989), but it fails for higher harmonics
and that peak amplitude is somewhat different from amplification measured in the
spectral ratio.
 CHAPTER 2

Analysis of Seismicity in the Northeast India

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The northeast Indian region falls into the category of high seismic zone (BIS, 2002).
There have been incidents of 20 large earthquakes (8.0>Mw>7.0), in addition to the
two great earthquakes (Mw 8.7) - the Great Shillong Earthquake of 1897 and the
Great Assam Earthquake of 1950 in the region since 1897 (Kayal et al., 2006). The
region as such, is placed in Zone V, the highest level of seismic hazard potential,
according to the seismic zonation map of India (BIS, 2002). The Global Seismic
Hazard Assessment Programme (GSHAP) also classifies the region in the zone of
highest risk with Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values in the order of 0.35-0.4g
(Bhatia et al., 1999). Moreover, in the region, there is a higher level of man-made
constructions and a significantly larger population than at the time of great earth-
quakes implicating more vulnerability to earthquake disasters.

We begin the present analysis by constructing an earthquake database from various

data sources. The completeness and heterogeneity aspects of the catalogue are
studied. An acceptable data catalogue in moment magnitude (Mw) is achieved by
conversions and assumptions specific to types of magnitude scales. The spatial
seismicity behavior due to the recent activities is studied with the evaluation of spa-
tial distribution of b-values for the entire region. Subsequently the distributions along
with seismotectonic setting of the region are employed for potential source zone
classification. The analysis is then concluded with the estimation of the maximum
earthquakes (mmax) constrained with the seismic moment release computed from
data catalogue for each of the source zones.
16 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

2.2 EARTHQUAKE DATABASE (DATA 1: DATA VOLUME)

Data sources considered are USGS catalogue, ISC catalogue (ISC, 2006), IRIS
catalogue, and ISET catalogue (Bapat et al., 1983). Data for the study pertains to a
spatial scope of latitudes 21oN to 31oN and longitudes 87oE to 99oE that include an
extra of 1o on each side of the rectangular area as a buffer for the spatial windowing.
Lower limit of magnitude 4.0 is taken since magnitude = 4.0 is considered well
recorded. We look into the aspect of heterogeneity of the catalogue, which is due to
different types of magnitude scales employed. However, magnitude scales: surface-
wave magnitude (Ms), body-wave magnitude (Mb) and Local magnitude (ML) are
related to the largest amplitude that is recorded on a seismogram (Shearer, 1999).
Ms and Mb are generally adopted and calibrated to agree with the ML for the small
events. Mb and ML are found to be saturated for the large/great events such that Ms
or moment magnitude (Mw) is used for the purpose. Mw and ML are approximated as
equal below 5.5. Mw and Ms are identical up to magnitude 7.5 (Chen and Scawthorn,
2003). So, Mw and Ms can be taken as equivalent within their measuring limits. We
can convert Mb into Ms using the empirical relation constructed with record’s entry
of both type of magnitude scales.

A simple method is adopted in order to enrich the database yet avoid duplications.
The data sources are compared with each year’s record. The record of the particular
year with the maximum number of earthquakes is selected to construct the data-
base for the specific year. This is done for each year, till all the years are covered and
the database is completed. Though events for the period from 1764 to 1897 are found
in the ISET and USGS catalogues, there are large gaps in the recorded earthquake
history prior to 1866. Therefore, the period accounted for the present study is from
May 23, 1866 to May 15, 2006. The USGS catalogue refers to the merged NEIC
database of PDE, India and significant earthquakes worldwide for the mentioned
period and the study region. For the period prior to 1964, USGS provides an overall
higher count. However ISET catalogue shows higher count for the years 1880 and
1956, and ISC catalogue has more events in the years 1914, 1931-35, 1938-39 and
1941. From 1964 onwards IRIS catalogue is found to have higher counts for most of
the years. ISET catalogue has more events in the year 1964. Higher counts are
found in the ISC catalogue for the years 1965, 1967-70, 1973-75 and 2004-06. Higher
Chapter 2 17

number of events for the year 1976 is found with the USGS catalogue. After merger,
the catalogue is scanned through to remove any trivial entries.

The database obtained contains a good number of entries in Mb. The entire cata-
logue histogram is given in Figure 2.1(a). To establish an empirical relation between
Ms and Mb, a linear regression is performed using records with both magnitudes
which are found in the ISC and IRIS catalogue as shown in the Figure 2.1(b). The
relation obtained is

Ms= (0.89 ± 0.049) Mb + (0.18 ± 0.024) ................................. (2.1)

The linear regression is compared with that of Richter (1958) given below,

Ms=1.59 Mb – 3.97 ................................................................ (2.2)

The former relation gives an average weight to the higher and the lower magnitudes
which is rational to the data. The Richter (1958) relation pulls down the lower
magnitudes of Mb to further lower values and elevates the higher value of Mb to
further higher value of Ms.

The magnitudes in Mb are converted to equivalent values in Ms using equation (2.1).

We assume the magnitudes in ML in the database to be equivalent to Mw since no
ML entry in the database exceeds 5.5. The types of magnitudes listed in the USGS
catalogue and the ISET catalogue for the period prior to 1972. The indicated as
equivalent to Ms. For the present analysis we assume that magnitudes are approxi-
mated to be equivalent to Mw within their measuring limits. Thus, we achieve an
acceptable level of homogeneity in the type of magnitude scales in the catalogue
(Data I). A seismotectonic map prepared with the database is shown in Figure 2.2.

Shallow earthquakes dominate the catalogue. Approximately 73% of the available

earthquake depth information in the data catalogue indicates shallow earthquake
(0-70km depth) scattered all over the region and the remaining is of intermediate
depth (70-300km depth) mainly clustered in the Arakan Yoma Subduction Region.
The relation between seismic energy, E0, and scalar moment, M0, adopting average
18 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

2
values of stress drop, ó = 50bars and rigidity, ì = 5x1011dyn/cm for earthquakes in
the crust and upper mantle is

Log10 Eo = Log Mo - 4.3 .......................................................... (2.3)

where Eo is in ergs which is equivalent to dyne-cm (Stein and Wysession, 2003).

However, seismic moment is often quoted in dyne-cm (1dyne-cm=10-7Nm).

Also we have,

Log10 Mo=1.5 Mw+16.1 ............................................................ (2.4)

where Mo is in dyne-cm (Hanks and Kanamori, 1979) and it gives,

Log10 Mo=1.5 Mw + 9.1 ............................................................ (2.5)

where Mo is in Nm.

It may be noted that there is a marked difference in the clustering of earthquakes as

can be seen in the data for the period prior to 1964 and that of 1964 onwards. The
difference may be due to the advent of the Worldwide Seismograph Station Network
(WWSSN) in 1964. However spluttering of events from 1950 onwards is evident.
Chapter 2 19

Figure 2.1 (a) The number of events per year in the merged catalogue from ISET,
IRIS, ISC and USGS for the period May 23, 1866 - May 15, 2006, consisting only of
events with M ³ 4 earthquakes. The difference in the clustering of earthquakes can
be seen in the data for period prior to 1964 and that of 1964 onwards. A difference
owed to the deployment of the World Wide Seismograph Station Network (WWSSN)
in 1964. (b) Linear regression on Ms against Mb of the total 1201 records of events
found with both of the magnitudes in the ISC and IRIS catalogues merged, which
are most likely duplicated (obviously not determinant in this workout), yields an
empirical relation Ms=(0.89 ± 0.049) Mb + (0.18 ± 0.024) as given by thick line. The
dash lines represents upper and lower bounds with 95% confidence. The normal
line plot of Richter (1958) Ms=1.59 Mb -3.97 is given for comparison purpose.
20 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 2.2 A seismotectonic map of Northeast India on GIS platform depicts

the seismicity with Mw ≥ 4.0 from the earthquake catalogue (Modified after
Seismotectonic Atlas of India and its Environs, GSI, 2000). The magnitude scales
Mw, Ms and ML are assume to be equivalent within their measuring limits.

2.3 SPATIAL b-VALUE DISTRIBUTION

Owing to the improvement of quality of recordings from 1964 onwards, a sub catalogue
derived from the ISC catalogue for the period 1964-2006 is employed for the
assessment of the b-value distribution. The detail of the analysis is discussed by
Thingbaijam et al. (2007).

The scaling law for the earthquake recurrence is given by Gutenberg-Richter

Frequency Magnitude Distribution (FMD) (Gutenberg and Richter, 1944). The relation
employed is
Chapter 2 21

log10 (N) = a-bm ............................................................................. (2.6)

where N is the incremental or cumulative frequency of occurrence of the magnitude

m in a given earthquake database.

The b-value is found to vary both spatially and temporally and is often employed as
one parameter approach for earthquake studies (Gibowicz and Lasocki, 2001; Nuannin
et al., 2005). The different interpretations of b-value variations are discussed in (Mogi,
1962; Scholz, 1968; Schorlemmer et al., 2005; Warren and Latham, 1970; Wyss,
1973; Wesnouski et al., 1983). A low value implies that majority of earthquakes are
of higher magnitude and a high value implies that the majority of earthquakes are of
lower magnitude. The variations of b-values are seen to be inversely related to stress
(Mogi, 1962; Schorlemmer et al., 2005; Wesnouski et al., 1983). Large material
heterogeneities are reported with higher b-values (Scholz, 1968). High b-values are
associated with aftershocks and low b-values with foreshocks (Suyehiro et al., 1964;
Nuannin et al., 2005). The maximum likelihood method for the evaluation of b-values
is widely accepted (Aki, 1965; Bender, 1983; Utsu, 1965). The b-value is estimated
as

log10 (e )
b=
  Äm   ..................................................................... (2.7)
 m Mean -  m t - 2  
  

where mMean is the average magnitude, mt is the threshold or the minimum magnitude
and Dm is the magnitude bin size. The standard deviation, db, of the b-value in
equation (2.7) is estimated as

∑ (m - m ) /N (N - 1) ............................................ (2.8)
2
δb = 2.30b2 i Mean
i=1

where N is the total number of events in the sample (Shi and Bolt, 1982).

The temporal seismicity pattern involving the number of events indicates period of
commencement of seismicity buildup from 1964 onwards. The period is also
accounted for improvement in quality of records due to the advent of digital
22 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

instrumentation. Hence, the sub catalogue for the period 1964 - 2006 is preferred
and used for the estimation of spatial distribution of the seismicity parameters.

We employ a sliding square spatial window of 2° by 2° which is moved by 0.5 degree

each time from one corner of the study region to other end covering the whole area.
The estimated value is obtained if the window encompassed 50 events or more and
is assigned to the centroid of the window. The 50 events criterion is essential for a
meaningful statistical analysis (Utsu, 1965). The size of the spatial window and the
sliding distance is fixed on trial basis for an optimal. A fixed window size is preferred
to a fixed number of events with varying window size, in order to have smooth dithering
of low and high seismicity zones.

The estimated b-value ranges from 0.59 to 1.42. The variation of b-values is shown in
Figure 2.3(a). An examination of the spatial distribution reveals relatively higher
b-values on the eastern Himalayan area. The b-values are low in most of the central
Eastern Boundary Thrust (EBT) encompassing the Arakan Yoma range with an
increase towards both the south and the north. However eastern end of the Lohit
thrust and southern most end of the EBT zone also have lower b-values. Southeast
part of the map is observed to have low b-values. The standard deviations of the
b-value, db, is found to vary from as low as 0.033 to as high as 0.165 and are depicted
in Figure 2.3(b). Though comparative quite high b-values are observed in Dhansiri
Kopili fault and Bomdila lineament zone and adjoining region, large standard deviations
are also seen. High deviation is also marked on the northwest end of the Lohit thrust.
However, across the EBT and the upper Himalayan zone, the standard deviations
associated with the b-values are low to moderate.

2.4 SOURCE ZONE CLASSIFICATION

The source zone classification is done to accommodate the unknown subsurface

complexities in the region (Chen and Scawthorn, 2003). The source zone classification
in the present study is carried out by taking into account the historical earthquake
distributions, seismotectonic regime and the spatial b-value distribution. Four great
earthquakes, the Shillong Earthquake with Mw=8.7 during 1897, the eastern boundary
earthquake Ms=8.2 during 1908, the Assam Earthquake with Mw=8.7 during 1950
and the earthquake in the upper Himalayan with Ms=8.0 during 1951 provide a
Chapter 2 23

framework of classification. The tentative precincts are setup with the historical great
earthquakes and thereafter, the seismotectonic settings are segregated into four
zones according to indicative trends observed in the spatial distributions of b-value.

The trends indicate high values on the eastern Himalayan region. While low values
are seen in the thrust zones especially in the central EBT dominated by intermediate
depth earthquakes. However higher values are observed on the north and the south
of the EBT zone. High values are again seen on the regions of Mishmi block and Po
Chu fault. The Shillong plateau region has dominantly moderate values.

(a)
Figure 2.3 cont’d...
24 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(b)

Figure 2.3 The spatial distributions over the backdrop of seismicity with
Mw ³ 4.0 from the sub catalogue covering a period 1964-2006:
(a) b-value, and (b) standard deviation of the b-value (db)

Figure 2.4 The classified source zones demarcated by the polygons on the
seismotectonic map of Figure 2.2.
Chapter 2 25

Finally the boundaries are demarcated with the consideration of tectonic regimes.
Four source zones are classified as given in Figure 2.4. Zone 1 is Himalayan Source,
Zone 2 is figured on Mishmi block. Zone 3 outlines the Indo Myanmar arc and Zone
4 encompasses the Bhramaputra basin, Kopili fault, Naga thrust, Shillong plateau
and Duaki fault. Zone 1 is delineated in the coordinates 87°13.2’E, 31°N; 93°19.8’E,
31°N; 93°19.8’E, 27°30’N; 92°12’E, 26°48’N; and 87°13.2’E, 26°48’N. The coordinates
demarcating Zone 2 are 93°19.8’E, 30°15’ N; 98°06.6’E, 30°15’N; 98°06.6’E, 27°30’N;
and 93°19.8’E, 27°30’N. Zone 3 is bound within 95°48’E, 27°30’N; 98°06.6’E, 27°3’N;
94°24’E, 21°N; and 91°48’E, 23°06’N and the coordinates of Zone 4 are 88°07.8’E,
26°48’N; 92°12’E, 26°4’2N; 93°19.8’E, 27°30’N; 95°48’E, 27°30’N; and 91°48’E,
23°06’N.

2.5 MAXIMUM EARTHQUAKES

We estimate the maximum earthquake in the region to establish the Scenario

Earthquake Magnitude (SEM). Out of the four classified potential source zones (Figure
2.4) for the earthquake occurrence; zone 4 is potential source zone for earthquakes
in the Guwahati region.

The approach for the estimation of the maximum earthquake, Mmax, is similar to one
employed for the Aegean area by Koravos et al.,(2003). With the idea that there is a
bound on the maximum energy release, the predicted maximum earthquake
magnitudes are generally constrained with finite seismic moment release or tectonic
moment release or both. In the present analysis we employ the seismic moment
release computed from the data catalogue. We looked into the four seismic zones
separately and in addition, the whole region as singular source regime using five data
catalogs, one for each zone and the main catalogue for the entire region. The data
catalogs are extracted from the main data catalogue according to the coordinates
defined by the source zones. It is noted that a potential source of uncertainty is the
number of year gaps in the preceding years of the catalogue duration. The gaps are
made less promiscuous by considering that there is neither significant number of
events, nor events of significantly big magnitude during the gaps. The seismic moment
release rate for each catalogue, is estimated by summing up the moment release for
each earthquake in the data and dividing with the catalogue duration.
26 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Main(1995) observed that the maximum effective or credible earthquake estimated

with physical constraints from seismic moment rate are either dependent solely on
the exponential tail of Frequency Magnitude Distribution (FMD) or by events near the
maximum magnitudes as shown in Figure 2.5. Similarly we consider the moment
releases only due to the higher magnitude earthquakes, since the higher magni-
tudes earthquakes are seen to play pivotal roles in the moment release. The com-
pleteness thresholds, mc, gives the lower bound on the higher magnitudes and is
estimated from the frequency magnitude distribution. The thresholds are then em-
ployed for the determination of annual number of events and annual seismic moment
release for each zone.

The results for all four source zone are shown in Table 2.1. The source zone 4
encompassing Shillong plateau which is the potential source of earthquake hazard
to the Guwahati region, is associated with Mmax of Mw 9.1 ± 0.14 implicating the
historical maximum of Mw 8.7 as a more realistic choice for the SEM.

Figure 2.5 Incremental frequency magnitude distribution plots for Source Zone 4. The
thick lines in the plot indicate the best fit line. The dashed lines illustrate the 95 per cent
intervals on this fit. The error bars given for each magnitude are estimated as F/ÖN where
F is the frequency and N is the number of observations used to compute F (Koravos et al.,
2003).
Chapter 2 27

Table 2.1: The estimated maximum earthquake is compared with historical maximum
earthquake. The completeness thresholds mc estimated from the frequency magnitude
distribution which conforms to of the fitting model at the lower magnitude bound are also
listed. The thresholds are employed for the determination of annual number of events and
annual seismic moment release for each source zone. # indicates the entire region.

Zone mc Historical Estimated

mmax mmax (Mw)
1 6.6 8.00 Ms 8.33 ± 0.05
2 6.7 8.70 Mw 9.01 ± 0.05
3 6.1 8.20 Ms 8.48 ± 0.09
4 6.3 8.70 Mw 9.10 ± 0.14
# 7.0 8.70 Mw 8.83 ± 0.04

Maximum estimated earthquake in the region is Mw 9.24.

 CHAPTER 3

Site Response Analysis from Geotechnical and Strong

Ground Motion Data

3.1 INTRODUCTION

It has long been known that each soil type responds differently when subjected to
ground motion from earthquakes. Usually the younger softer soil amplifies the ground
motion relative to older more competent soils or bedrock. The potentially severe
consequences of this phenomenon were recently demonstrated in the damage
patterns of the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico earthquake (Singh et al., 1988), the 1988
Armenian earthquake (Borcherdt et al., 1989), the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
(Hough et al., 1990; Borcherdt and Glassmoyer, 1992) and the Northridge earthquake
in Los Angeles, California (EERI, 1994). Numerous other studies have also
demonstrated the ability of surface geologic conditions to alter seismic motions
(Borcherdt, 1970; King and Tucker, 1984; Aki, 1988; Field et al., 1992).

There are many factors that influence the way a site will respond to earthquake
ground motion (Aki, 1988; Aki and Irikura, 1991; Bard, 1995). These include: (i) the
source location, (ii) the prevalence of energy focused or scattered from lateral
heterogeneity, and (iii) the degree to which sediments behave nonlinearly, which
causes the response to depend on the level of input motion. However, the site
effects in the assessment of seismic hazard follow a simple approach wherein, for
the potential sources of earthquake ground motion in a region the unique behavior
of one site in relation to others is calculated.
30 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

After the occurrence of large destructive earthquakes during the last 20 years, such
as the Mexico 1985 (Bard and Chávez-García, 1993), the Armenia 1988 (Borcherdt
et al., 1989), the Loma Prieta 1989 (Hough et al., 1990), the Northridge 1994 (EERI,
1994), and the Kobe 1995 (EERI, 1995), both the seismologists and earthquake
engineers have focused their attention on the importance of local site response on
seismic ground motion. The observed unequal distribution of damage from these
earthquakes prompted a series of studies on scenarios and parameters concerning
local geological conditions responsible for the differentiation of the seismic ground
motion. Indeed, many factors affect the seismic motion near the recording site:
seismic–wave velocities and geometry of the stratigraphy (the thickness and position
of the discontinuities of the geological formations), topography (Boore, 1972, 1973;
Bard, 1995), and intensity of excitation (weak or strong) that can induce nonlinear
phenomena in correlation with local geology (Aki, 1993; Field et al., 1997).

The term ‘site effect’ means different things to different audiences. We take the term
to represent local ground response, basin effects, and the influence of surface
topography. The definition of surface topography is obvious. ‘Local ground response’
refers to the influence of relatively shallow geologic formations on (nearly) vertically
propagating body waves. These effects are ideally modeled using the full soil profile,
but for deep alluvial basins the modeling domain generally does not extend beyond
depths of 100-200m.

Site effects play a very important role in characterizing seismic ground motions
because they may strongly amplify (or de-amplify) seismic motions at the last moment
just before reaching the surface of the ground or the basement of man-made
structures.

The greatest challenge in estimating site response from earthquake data is removing
the source and path effects. Borcherdt (1970) introduced a simple procedure to divide
the spectrum observed at the site in question by the same observed at a nearby
reference site, preferably on competent bedrock. The resulting spectral ratio
constitutes an estimate of the site response if the reference site has a negligible site
response. Andrews (1986) introduced a generalized inverse technique to compute
site response by solving data of a number of recorded events for all source/path
effects and site effects simultaneously. These techniques for computing site response
Chapter 3 31

depend on the availability of an adequate reference site (on competent bedrock) with
negligible site response. Since such a site may not always be available, it is desirable
to develop alternative methods that do not depend on a reference site. Boatwright et
al. (1991b) suggested a generalized inversion scheme where shearwave spectra are
represented with a parameterized source- and path-effect model and a frequency-
dependent site response term for each station. Another non-reference-site-dependent
technique involves dividing the horizontal-component shear wave spectra at each
site by the vertical-component spectrum observed at that site (Lermo and Chávez-
García, 1993). This method analogous to the so-called receiver function technique
(Langston, 1979) used to study the upper mantle and crust from tele-seismic records,
assumes that the local site conditions are relatively transparent to the motion that
appears on the vertical component. Nakamura (1989) introduced another technique
for analyzing the ambient seismic noise. He hypothesized that site response could
be estimated by dividing horizontal-component noise spectra by vertical-component
noise spectra. Several studies have since shown that Nakamura’s procedure can be
successful in identifying the fundamental resonant frequency of sedimentary deposits
(Omachi et al., 1991; Lermo and Chávez-García, 1992; Field and Jacob, 1993; Field
et al., 1995).

The receiver function analysis exploits the fact that tele-seismic P-waves that are
incident upon the crustal section below a station produce P to S conversions at
crustal boundaries as well as multiple reverberations in the shallow layers. By
deconvolving the vertical-component signal from the horizontal-components, the
obscuring effects of source function and instrument response can be removed,
leaving a signal composed of primarily S-wave conversions below the station. The
deconvolved horizontal component called receiver function trace is a best
representative of the site response as the local site conditions are relatively
transparent to the motion that appears on the vertical component.

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF SITE RESPONSE

To evaluate site response several techniques have been utilized and compared in
recent studies (Field and Jacob, 1995). Two of the proposed methods - the standard
spectral ratio (SSR) (Borcherdt, 1970) and the receiver function technique (HVSR)
32 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(Langston, 1979; Lermo and Chávez-García, 1993; Nath et al., 2000, 2002a, 2002b)
are based on a spectral ratio scheme. In both these techniques, the source and path
contributions are removed from the seismic recordings by means of a deconvolution
operation using a function free of site effects.

An alternative method to calculate site response is the generalized inversion technique

(GINV) (Andrews, 1986; Castro et al., 1990; Boatwright et al., 1991b; Hartzell, 1992)
that is also considered for our study to compute site response by solving data of a
number of recorded events for all source/path effects and site effects simultaneously.

The seismograms of the selected events were first corrected for the system response.
Next the S-wave packets recorded by the seismographs were windowed with a window
width containing the maximum amplitude. The window length was selected following
the results of Seekins et al. (1996). A Hanning taper is applied to the time windowed
data and then butterworth bandpass filtered before the amplitude spectra were
computed.

Let the S-wave spectral amplitude and that of the background noise be O(rij, fk) and
B(rij, fk) respectively at the hypocentral distance rij. Then the signal amplitude spectrum
at the frequency fk can be expressed as,

A (rij ,fk ) = O (rij ,fk ) - B (rij ,fk ) ............................................................... (3.1)

The corrected spectra are smoothed in order to reduce the data variance using a five-
point smoothing window and a spline interpolator at 0.1Hz interval.

Suppose a network has recorded i events by j stations. The amplitude spectrum of

the ith event recorded at the jth station for the kth frequency, A(rij, fk) can be written in the
frequency domain as a product of a source term SOi(fk), a propagation path term P(rij,
fk), and a site effect term SIj(fk) (Lermo and Chávez-García, 1993; Nath et al., 2002a,
2002b):

A (rij ,fk ) = SIj ( fk ) ⋅ P (rij ,fk ) ⋅ SOi ( fk ) .................................................... (3.2)

Chapter 3 33

3.2.1 Different Techniques for Site Response Estimation

3.2.1.1 Site Amplification Factor by Horizontal-to-Vertical-Spectral Ratio

(HVSR) or Receiver Function Technique

The receiver function HVSRij(fk) can be computed at each j site for the ith event at the
central frequency fk from the root mean square average of the amplitude spectra as,

1
absHij ( fk ) NS
2
+absHij ( fk ) EW
2

HVSRij ( fk ) = 2 ........................... (3.3)

absVij ( fk )
where,

Hij(fk)|NS : Fourier spectra of the NS component,

Hij(fk)|EW : Fourier spectra of the EW component and

Vij(fk) : Fourier spectra of the vertical component.

Finally, the event average receiver function HVSRij j ( fk ) (Field and Jacob, 1995) is
ave

computed at each j site for the kth frequency to consider the contribution of all the
seismic events recorded at that station.

3.2.1.2 Site Response Estimation using Geotechnical Parameters

Site response can be calculated from geotechnical data as follows:

ρβ
Amp ( f ) = exp ( −π ko f ) .......................................................
ρs ( f ) β s ( f ) (3.4)

where b and r are the shearwave velocity and density of the crust beneath the site.
The effective velocity bs(f), effective density rs(f ), and site damping factor Ko are calculated
from the expressions given by Boore (2003).

In this study two hundred boreholes were used for the site response calculation. All
the geotechnical parameters as well as estimated site response at 141 noise survey
locations is given in Table 3.1.
34 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

3.3 SITE RESPONSE STUDY IN THE GUWAHATI REGION USING

STRONG MOTION DATA

The tectonic setting of the Himalaya and its relation with the seismicity of the region
has drawn world attention from earth scientists. The Guwahati region, which is a part
of the northeast India, is placed in Zone V (PGA > 0.4g), the highest region of the
seismic zonation map of India (BIS, 2002, Figure 1.1). Northeast India lies at the
junction of the Himalayan Arc to the north and the Burmese Arc to the east. The high
seismicity in the region is attributed to the collision tectonics between the Indian
plate and the Eurasian plate to the north and Indo-Myanmar range to the east. Global
Positioning System (GPS) measurements show that India and southern Tibet
converge at 20±3mm/year (Bilham et al., 2001). Bilham et al. (2001) divided the
Himalaya into 10 imaginary sections, each around 220km in length. At the observed
convergence rate of 20mm/year, at least 6 of these 10 regions have an accumulated
slip potential of 4m. This is equivalent to the slip believed to be associated with the
1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake that killed 10,700 people. Site amplification is one of
the important factors which contribute strongly to the hazard. Strong motion data is
record of short period ground motion which strongly accumulate the soil effect due to
which amplification takes place. Amplification of shear-wave at free surface is easily
estimated from strong motion data by deconvolving the vertical component of
accelerogram from radial and transverse component.

3.3.1 Waveform Data Source for Site Response Study in the

Guwahati Region

A semi-permanent five-station strong motion array (which is being upgraded to twelve

stations) in Guwahati urban area established by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Guwahati, India has been operative in the terrain. Five Kinemetrics ETNA have been
installed at AEC, AMTRON, Cotton College Guwahati, IIT Guwahati and Irrigation
department site (Figure 4.1). A trigger level is set at 0.005% of the full-scale (2g),
except for the sites with high ambient noise where it was kept at higher value. The
dynamic range of the systems is 108dB at 200 samples/sec with 18-bit resolution.
The present analysis is based on 6 earthquakes of magnitude ranging from 3.1 to
5.7, which are recorded with good signal-to-noise ratio (signal-to-background noise
ratio ³ 3).
Chapter 3 35

3.3.2 Strong Motion Data Processing

The uncorrected acceleration time series, x( n) , recorded by a given station were

corrected for the instrument response and baseline following the standard algorithm
as outlined in the software package of Kinemetrics inc. The onset of S-wave arrival
time (t0) was estimated in x( n) Then, x( n) was bandpass filtered between 0.1 and
30.0Hz. From the filtered dataset b(n), a time window of 5.0s duration, starting from
t0 and containing the maximum of S-wave arrival was selected for all the analysis
undertaken in this study.

3.3.3 Analysis of Strong Motion Data

3.3.3.1 Path effect

QS is determined and its dependence on frequency is established in the form of a

power law through regression analysis of the direct S-wave data recorded by strong
motion station as shown in Figure 3.1. The equation thus established with negligible
uncertainty in the constant and the exponential terms is as follows:

Qs = (134.15 ± 29.92 ) f (
0.52 ± 0.09 ) ......................................................... (3.5)

The QS obtained in the present study represents the overall attenuation of the seismic
wave energy, which includes the direct S-wave, early coda, and possibly Lg phase of
the recorded data from events with focal depths more than 10km, except for a few
shallow foci earthquakes. Since in our case there is no deeper event with a focal
depth beyond 35km, we restrict our observations to only one seismic wave energy
attenuation relation with a trade off between the source and the attenuation factors
built in the convolution model.
36 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 3.1 The plots of QS verses frequency. The dashed lines represent the
zone of scatter of the data points with respect to the power law relation between
QS and frequency with + one standard deviation in the constant and the exponent

3.3.3.2 Site Response Analysis from Waveform data

Station site amplification has been computed from 2 strong motion events with signal-
to-background noise ratio greater than 3. The site response has been calculated by
using HVSR technique for all the events at each site for different source azimuths.
Figure 3.2 (d) and (e) represents the site response due to events recorded at 302.34°N
and 335.17°N azimuth at the station .

(a) (b)
Chapter 3 37

(c) (d)

(e)

Figure 3.2 (a) Radial component, (b) Transverse component, (c) Vertical
component of accelerogram recorded at an azimuth 335.17oN, (d) RMS site
response by HVSR for source azimuth 302.34°N and (e) RMS site response by
HVSR for source azimuth 335.17°N

3.3.3.3 Estimation of Site Amplification using WESHAKE 91

The US Army Waterways Experiment Station (WES) has been using the computer
program SHAKE to calculate site response for level-ground soil sites for more than
15 years, including use on a number of USACE projects. WES has continually
made adaptations to SHAKE as the use for each new project required. The original
version for use on a personal computer was obtained from the University of California
at Berkeley (UCB) around 1985. This program at WES is now called WESHAKE91
38 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

to reflect the numerous changes that have been made to keep pace with state-of-the-
art technology, to provide for needs of USACE users, and to provide a user-friendly
interface. These adaptations facilitate transfer technology to, and wide-spread use
among USACE personnel.

A site response analysis, sometimes referred to as a soil amplification analysis,

involves the determination of components of ground motion for design or seismic
evaluation. Typically, as in this study, that determination is made for a “free-field”
response at the ground surface of an ideal soil deposit (horizontal layers extending
to infinity) to a spatially-uniform motion applied at the base. The motions at these
three points, as well as any other point in the vertical profile, are unique. Design
earthquakes are frequently specified as corresponding to a rock outcrop.
Mathematical expressions (transfer functions) are then used to find the equivalent
motion for the base rock and then the seismic waves are propagated through the
soil column to determine the free-field motion.

The determination of site-specific earthquake response of soil deposits generally

involves four basic steps: a) Selection of earthquake motions, usually corresponding
to rock outcrop, b) Idealization of stratigraphy and selection of material properties, c)
Calculation and evaluation of site response, and d) step of a site-specific earthquake
response analysis.

SHAKE was developed to calculate the horizontal response caused by an earthquake

at any depth of a soil profile. The approach and algorithms incorporated in the program
are simple, straight forward and adequate for the purpose intended. The simplicity
associated with SHAKE is attributed to some basic assumptions regarding the cyclic
behavior of materials and geometry of the problem. The basic assumptions used in
the formulation are: a) The soil layers are horizontal and extend to infinity, b) The
ground surface is level, c) Each soil layer is completely defined by the shear modulus
and damping as a function of strain, the thickness, and unit weight, d) The non-linear
cyclic material behavior is adequately represented by the linear visco-elastic (Voigt)
constitutive model and implemented with the equivalent-linear method, and e) The
incident earthquake motions are spatially-uniform, horizontally-polarized shear waves,
and propagate vertically. In general, assumptions (a), (b), and (c) used to derive this
model would seem to significantly limit the applicability of this method. However,
Chapter 3 39

past studies have shown that reasonable results are obtained for a much broader
spectrum of in situ conditions. The equivalent-linear constitutive model, assumption
(d), is described later in this section. The last assumption (e) narrows the focus to a
simple class of problems, but, is a common assumption for this type of problem. It is
important to realize that the formulation of SHAKE for wave propagation is based on
a total stress analysis. The materials are considered to be continua and pore water
pressures are non-existent. The calculation of shear modulus using values of K2
does involve the determination of mean effective stress using the depth of the water
table and the unit weight of water.

Figure 3.3 represents the comparison of site response obtained by WESHAKE91

and strong motion data at AEC. The former provides lower values however both the
computations represent the maximum amplification at same frequency.

Figure 3.3 Comparison of site response estimated from strong motion

data and WESHAKE91 at AEC for an earthquake recorded at an
azimuth 355.44oN
40 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

3.4 ESTIMATION OF PREDOMINANT FREQUENCY FROM AMBIENT

NOISE SURVEY USING H/V OR NAKAMURA RATIO

It is widely recognized that local geological conditions have pronounced impact on

ground motion at a given site. Each soil type responds differently, when subjected
to the ground motions, imposed due to earthquake loading. Usually the younger
softer soil amplifies ground motion relative to older, more competent soils or bedrock.
Local amplification of the ground is often controlled by the soft surface layer, which
leads to the trapping of the seismic energy, due to the impedance contrast between
the soft surface soils and the underlying bedrock. Moreover, the relatively simple
onset of vertical resonances can be transformed into a complex pattern of
resonances, strongly dependent on the characteristics of the lithological attributes,
geometry and topography (Aki,1993; Bard, 1994; Faccioli, 1991,1995; Chavez-Garcia
et al., 1996).

Resonance frequency of each soil type also differs depending upon the physical
property, and depth to bedrock. Quantification of this amplification of ground motion
and determination of natural resonance frequency is the main objective of site
response study. This frequency dependent amplification forms an important factor
for seismic hazard analysis and microzonation studies. The site response parameters
are also used to distinguish regions where seismic hazard is high due to amplification
from the surface geology and match of natural frequency of the soil with the
construction. The mapping of the soil behavior before a seismic wave - field
propagates also provides an overview of the possible damage to individual structure
or a set of buildings.

The total area of the Guwahati city is about 600 sq km lying between longitude 910
30¢-910 50¢E and latitude 260 05¢- 260 12¢N, covering almost the entire urban part of
the city. The Guwahati city is covered with recent alluvium with some Archean hillocks
at places. The area falls in the Lower Assam valley bounded by the Eastern Himalaya
to the north and Shillong Plateau to the south. The Lower Assam valley consists of
crystalline rocks that are covered by gently dipping Tertiary and younger sediments.
The sediment thickness varies from ten to few hundred meters in the study area.
Chapter 3 41

Several methods for soil characterization are described in literature and used for site
response study of several cities (Bard, 1997, 2000; Kudo, 1995). Broadly these
methods can be categorized as follows:

i) Numerical,

ii) Empirical, and

iii) Experimental.

The influence of local geological structure on the spectral characteristics of ambient

noise of relatively distant sources has long been recognized. Experimental Methods
based on noise or earthquake data has been found to be most economical and less
time consuming. Nakamura type study based on microtremor was found to be suitable
in Indian context and has been used in several previous Microzonation studies of
Indian cities such as for Jabalpur and Delhi.

This method considers that spectral amplification of a surface layer could be obtained
by evaluating the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio of the microtremors recorded at
the site. The main challenge to determine site amplification characteristics from
microtremors is to remove source and path effect. Nakamura (1989, 1996) proposed
an approximate procedure for removing source effects from microtremor records based
on a modification of the conventional transfer function of the site. The following
hypothesis are adopted:

(i) The horizontal tremor may be considered, to certain accuracy, to be amplified

through multi-reflection of the S-wave while the vertical tremor is amplified through
multi-reflection of P-wave.

(ii) The effect of Rayleigh waves remarkably appears in the vertical tremor.

Comparison with other techniques by different investigators, it shows that Nakamura

technique is very simple for obtaining the fundamental resonant frequency, but fails
for higher harmonics and that peak amplitude is somewhat different from amplification
measured on spectral ratios. However, this Nakamura version of the microtremor
method has already proved to be one of the most inexpensive and convenient
42 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

techniques to reliably estimate fundamental frequencies of soft deposits. It certainly

deserves more work so as to elucidate the factors influencing peak amplitudes.

3.4.1 Methodology Adopted

Use of microtremors appears to be very convenient because of its cost and time
effective nature. The studies when conducted in conjunction with other
complementary techniques, such as shear wave velocity measurements (Aki’s
technique), receiver-function type technique based on weak motion data and
especially in reference site dependent mode, would be an effective tool for site
characterization ascertaining peak/resonance frequency and amplification.

Hence, the site response studies at Guwahati were conducted resorting to Nakamura
type studies based on microtremor data and geological attributes. 141 sites (Annexure
II) were selected for response studies to characterize the ground condition defining
their response parameters.

3.4.2 Field work/Data Acquisition

Microtremor measurements were performed in the urban area of Guwahati city by

deploying several digital seismic recorders with short period velocity sensors. One
station approximately per square km is considered; observations were taken at 141
recording stations covering the total area of approximately 600 sq. km, of almost
the entire urban part of Guwahati city (longitude 91°30¢-91°50¢E and latitude
26°05¢- 26°12¢N) as shown in Figure 3.4. The exact location of the stations was
determined by the built-in GPS system with a precision of 0.0001 degree. The
instruments were installed for a period ranging from one hour to maximum 48 hours.
The studies were conducted jointly by India Meteorological Department, New Delhi,
and Geological survey of India, Kolkata and Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat
between February-May 2003.
Chapter 3 43

Figure 3.4 Ambient noise survey location map

3.4.3 Nakamura Type Studies

The response studies were conducted in long term array and rapid modes for
ascertaining response parameters for different ground conditions. The data
acquisition was made following the recommendations of Bard (2000) and Mucciarelli
(1998) using velocity sensor of natural period 1sec.

To avoid errors due to day and night variations in noise pattern at Guwahati, enough
data of about 24 hours to several days have been collected at each representative
site covering day, night and local variation and each hour data is used for spectrum
analysis. At most of the stations arrangements have been made to ensure perfect
coupling between sensor and the natural soil of the site.
44 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

3.4.4 Data Processing

3.4.4.1 Selection of Data

For processing of acquired data, the following steps have been adopted

a) Continuous waveform data collected for several days have been divided in one
hour waveform data files and thus 80 to 100 waveform data files have been
created for each representative site.

b) Continuous waveform data collected for one hour have been divided in 8 to
10min waveform data files and thus about 6 to 8 waveform data files have been
created for each representative site.

c) For the data collected in trigger mode for 24 to 48 hours, each waveform file
created through trigger algorithm has been examined and approximately 80 to
100 waveform data files have been created for each site.

d) It is seen that H/V ratio, gets affected by “heavy” traffic; similarly, walking near
the sensor create spurious transients. To avoid spurious inconsistent data, a
portion of uniform wave train has been selected for the analysis. Each waveform
data file generated has been plotted and a portion of smooth common wave
train of about 120 seconds has been separated from these and new waveform
data file has been created for selected portion of data.

e) Appropriate data portion of each file then has been used for spectrum analysis
as per the criteria of time window length selection described below.

3.4.4.2 Selection of Time Window Length

In such a study, selection of time window for spectral analysis is an important aspect.
The application of the spectral ratio technique to micro tremor records present a
basic problem; it is very difficult to identify a common wave train for a longer duration
for the station involved, particularly in urban areas due to the movement of heavy
transport, adjacent to the observational sites, which cannot be avoided.
Chapter 3 45

Generally accepted rule of thumb in site response studies is that the window length
should have at least 10 cycles for the lowest frequency analyzed (Bard, 1997). The
frequency of interest can be ascertained on the basis of frequency of structures in
the area of interest, which can be determined using the relationship between the
height of the building and its fundamental period of vibration T=Number of storey/10.
In the Jabalpur area frequency of built environment ranging from 0.33 sec (3Hz) to
0.16sec (6Hz), therefore, about 30 sec time window length is found to be appropriate.

3.4.4.3 Computation of Spectra

For computation of Fourier transform spectra of individual component and relative

spectra of horizontal versus vertical components, SPEC program tagged with SEISAN
incorporating minor modifications to appropriate the programme with the data set
has been used. SEISAN is an earthquake analysis software developed by Jens
Havskov and Lars Ottemoller, Institute of Solid Earth Physics, University of Bergen,
Norway (Havskov and Ottemoller, 2000).

3.4.4.4 Computation of Resultant Spectra from SPEC Program

The SPEC program computes H/V of individual component. Then, root mean square
is calculated for all the individual plots to get the final H/V ratio. To avoid spurious
peak links with sharp troughs on spectrum and for clear identification of Peak frequency,
spectra need to be appropriately smoothened. In the present study, smoothing has
been performed 300 times.

3.5 ESTIMATION OF PREDOMINANT FREQUENCY FROM EMPIRICAL

RELATION

Following the Ibs-von Seht and Wohlenberg (1999) relationship which is given by
equation (3.6), predominant frequency is empirically derived from the basement depth
(Table 3.1). Good match has been observed between predominant frequencies derived
from empirical relation and those estimated from ambient noise survey.
46 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

m = 96 ( f −1.388 ) .........................................................................(3.6)

‘m’ is the basement depth in metre and ‘f’ in Hz is the predominant frequency of the
site under consideration.

3.6 REMARKS

Due to highly variable geological features of the Guwahati urban agglomeration, the
peak resonance frequency showed high variation from site to site. The frequency
for most part of the urban area lies between 0.5Hz to 5.0Hz. However, there are
isolated sites, where peak frequency is more than 5 Hz and lies between 5 to 10Hz.
Figure 3.5 illustrates the corresponding peak frequency contour map. It shows that
Geological domain of Active Flood plain and Levee have the peak frequency >0.5Hz,
Digaru Surface have peak frequency between 0.5-0.8Hz, Bordang Surface have
peak frequency between 0.8-2.0Hz; Sonapur Surface between 2.0–4.0Hz; Rocky
areas of Pediment have peak frequency between 4-6Hz and Denuded Hill have peak
frequency greater than 6.0Hz.

Figure 3.5 Peak Frequency contour map of Guwahati Region

Chapter 3 47

3.7 SITE RESPONSE ANALYSIS FROM GEOTECHNICAL DATA

Most important parameter for site response study is the shear wave velocity of each
site, determination of which is very expensive and time consuming. Some empirical
relations between SPT-N values and S-wave velocity have been established that can
be used to obtain ideas about the expected shear wave velocity of the surfacial soft
soil. Fumal and Tinslay (1985), after measuring N-values and corresponding shear
wave velocities of Holocene-Pleistocene sediments of the Los Angeles region in
California, USA, have developed three separate correlations between N-values and
shear wave velocities for three textural group of sediments, viz. clay and silty clay,
silt loam and sandy clay, and gravelly sand respectively. The three correlations are
as follows:

Vs = 5.3N + 134 for clay and silty clay ............................................. (3.7)

Vs = 4.3N + 218 for silt loam and sandy clay ................................... (3.8)

Vs = 5.1N + 152 for sand and gravelly sand ................................... (3.9)

Tonouchi, et al. (1983) has given another empirical relation between N-values and
S-wave velocities as under –

Vs = 97* N0.314 ........................................................................ (3.10)

A fifth relation has been given by Kayabali (1996) as

Vs = 3.75N + 175 ............................................................................(3.11)

SPT data of 200 borehole sites (Figure 3.6) were collected having depth range varying
from 6m to 30m. Majority of locations of these sites fall in the Downtown area and
along a zone on either side of the G-S road. Depth-wise N-value data have been
tabulated for each site; then each N-value has been converted in to S-wave velocity
from the Equations 3.10 and 3.7. The values thus obtained for each layer were averaged
to arrive at average Vs30 according to the individual relations as stated. Ultimately the
S-wave velocities obtained through each relationship were again averaged to arrive at
expected Vs30 at the site. Details of geotechnical/lithological parameter used in these
analyses have been given in the Annexure: Annexure III for Location, Depth of Ground
48 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Water Table, and Date of drilling and Litho-Log of each SPT borehole; Annexure IV for
Physical and Shear Parameters of sediment as obtained from boreholes; Annexure
V for Shear wave velocity data at different depth; Annexure VI for Shear wave velocity
(Vs30) at each borehole; Annexure VII for Soil density at different depth and Annexure
VIII for Factor of safety.

Figure 3.6 Borehole location map of Guwahati Region

The values of shear wave velocity (Vs30), thus obtained, vary from 200m/s to 360m/s.
High shear wave velocities have been found at a few spots along the G-S road,
northern portion of the Cantonment area and over the rocky ground by the side of
Brahmaputra River in the Ujan Bazar area. While plotting on the base map the
shear wave velocity data have been grouped into 4 classes viz. 200-240, 240-280,
280-320 and >320 meter per second. The first group indicates soft soil and the rest
indicate stiff soil as per the classification of UBC, 1977.
Chapter 3 49

Contour map of bulk density and effective shear wave velocity (Vs30) calculated from
Boore’s (2003) relation is shown in Figures 3.7 and 3.8. Site response for Guwahati
region was calculated at 131 predominant frequency observation sites out of 141.
Rest of the observations were taken on hillocks where borehole information was not
available. Site response calculated from Equation (3.4), along with geotechnical
parameters used in site amplification is given in Table 3.1. Table 3.2 represents a
comparison between the site response calculated from HVSR (strong motion data)
and empirical method at predominant frequencies. Value obtained by both the method
depicts good match. We have used the empirical site response at borehole locations
for our analysis to avoid extrapolation in the contouring because boreholes are well
distributed in the region. Figure 3.9 represents site response contour map of Guwahati
region.

Table 3.1: Site Response and Geotechnical Parameters in Guwahati Region at 141
Noise Survey Locations

Sl. Lat Long Predominant Predominant Effective Effective Q-factor Damping Site
No. (°N) (°E) frequency frequency Shear Wave Density Factor Response
estimated estimated by Velocity (gm/cc) ( K0*10-4)
by noise empirical Vs30 (m/sec)
survey (Hz) relation (Hz)

1 26.142 91.693 8.4 ———- On Hill ———- ———- ———- No

(Rock) amplification

2 26.169 91.669 0.2 0.73 253.81 1.9806 78.70 15.0 4.63

3 26.171 91.674 0.7 0.73 257.73 1.8861 141.81 8.21 4.71

4 26.170 91.676 0.7 0.73 264.55 2.0635 141.81 8.00 4.44

5 26.172 91.680 0.4 0.73 263.71 2.0045 109.01 10.4 4.52

6 26.171 91.686 2.3 0.97 216.45 1.7645 248.04 5.59 5.31

7 26.169 91.719 2.3 0.97 232.56 1.8636 248.04 3.12 4.99

8 26.106 91.616 0.7 0.57 260.42 1.8915 141.81 8.12 4.68

9 26.199 91.672 7.5 ——— On Hill ———- ———- ———- No

(Rock) amplification

10 26.193 91.669 2.0 ——— 245.10 1.9415 232.27 5.27 4.76

11 26.169 91.672 0.7 0.97 222.22 1.9205 141.81 9.52 5.03

12 26.158 91.669 1.2 1.14 261.78 1.9360 182.69 6.27 4.61

13 26.155 91.694 1.2 1.14 233.92 1.7560 182.69 5.62 5.12

14 26.157 91.677 3.4 1.6 245.00 2.1000 298.06 4.11 4.57

15 26.160 91.685 1 ——— 274.73 1.6350 167.69 6.51 4.90

16 26.155 91.695 0.8 1.14 210.53 1.7793 150.99 9.44 5.36

17 26.140 91.628 0.9 1.14 299.40 2.0321 159.59 6.28 4.21

50 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. Lat Long Predominant Predominant Effective Effective Q-factor Damping Site
No. (°N) (°E) frequency frequency Shear Wave Density Factor Response
estimated estimated by Velocity (gm/cc) ( K0*10-4)
by noise empirical Vs30 (m/sec)
survey (Hz) relation (Hz)

18 26.142 91.639 0.7 0.49 277.78 2.0682 141.81 7.62 4.33

19 26.154 91.651 0.8 0.69 295.86 1.8530 150.99 6.72 4.43

20 26.148 91.666 4.4 ——— 267.38 2.1200 336.46 3.33 4.35

21 26.138 91.650 0.9 1.60 299.40 2.0321 159.59 6.28 4.21

22 26.142 91.672 2.7 ——— 331.13 2.1200 267.45 3.39 3.92

23 26.146 91.679 0.5 0.91 261.78 2.0725 121.07 9.47 4.46

24 26.145 91.683 2 1.19 240.38 2.1075 232.27 5.37 4.61

25 26.148 91.688 4.7 1.19 257.73 2.0630 347.05 3.35 4.50

26 26.146 91.692 0.9 ——— 258.62 1.8960 159.59 4.36 4.69

27 26.130 91.619 0.6 0.49 280.90 1.8800 131.90 8.10 4.52

28 26.119 91.684 0.6 0.69 282.49 2.1160 131.90 8.05 4.25

29 26.140 91.679 0.3 ——— 270.27 1.8525 95.23 11.7 4.64

30 26.106 91.672 3 ——— 299.40 2.1415 281.03 3.57 4.10

31 26.135 91.623 0.5 0.53 280.99 1.9925 121.07 8.82 4.39

32 26.132 91.674 0.3 0.73 255.10 2.0980 95.23 12.3 4.49

33 26.125 91.683 2.5 2.31 241.55 1.8685 257.95 4.81 4.88

34 26.123 91.687 2 2.31 295.86 2.0258 232.27 4.37 4.24

35 26.124 91.620 0.6 0.53 207.97 1.9450 131.90 10.9 5.16

36 26.119 91.694 0.5 0.97 236.69 1.8500 121.07 8.38 4.96

37 26.121 91.698 5.3 1.60 287.36 1.5845 367.21 2.84 4.86

38 26.116 91.707 0.4 1.05 222.22 1.8836 109.01 12.4 5.08

39 26.115 91.616 0.7 0.53 250.00 1.1813 141.81 6.77 6.04

40 26.105 91.673 2.2 ——— 273.22 2.0520 242.91 4.52 4.38

41 26.104 91.676 0.9 ——— 261.78 2.1090 159.59 7.18 4.42

42 26.103 91.686 0.7 ——— 210.97 1.9295 141.81 10.0 5.15

43 26.104 91.694 2.1 2.63 287.36 2.0895 237.66 4.39 4.23

44 26.104 91.686 2.4 3.09 241.55 1.9060 253.05 4.91 4.83

45 26.105 91.707 3.2 2.63 253.81 2.1090 289.69 4.08 4.48

46 26.109 91.708 1 1.05 260.42 2.1356 167.69 6.87 4.40

47 26.119 91.704 5.3 2.31 240.38 1.9924 367.21 3.40 4.74

48 26.158 91.680 4.4 ——— 199.72 1.7010 336.46 4.42 5.59

49 26.102 91.616 0.8 0.59 273.22 2.1065 150.99 7.27 4.33

50 26.140 91.635 0.9 0.61 264.55 1.9561 159.59 5.68 4.56

51 26.171 91.722 1.1 227.27 1.9150 175.37 7.53 4.97

52 26.200 91.640 0.5 0.57 235.85 1.9595 121.07 10.5 4.83

53 26.188 91.658 1.3 0.65 212.77 1.7450 189.70 7.43 5.39

Chapter 3 51

Sl. Lat Long Predominant Predominant Effective Effective Q-factor Damping Site
No. (°N) (°E) frequency frequency Shear Wave Density Factor Response
estimated estimated by Velocity (gm/cc) ( K0*10-4)
by noise empirical Vs30 (m/sec)
survey (Hz) relation (Hz)

54 26.169 91.662 1.4 0.65 210.08 1.8755 196.42 7.27 5.23

55 26.103 91.682 2 3.09 240.38 2.1075 232.27 5.37 4.61

56 26.213 91.638 0.5 0.30 314.47 1.9668 121.07 7.88 4.18

57 26.146 91.680 0.9 0.91 227.27 1.8675 159.59 8.27 5.04

58 26.170 91.678 0.4 0.91 223.21 1.6059 109.01 12.3 5.48

59 26.193 91.644 1.4 0.76 210.08 1.8755 196.42 7.27 5.23

60 26.195 91.691 1.1 1.40 260.42 1.7595 175.37 6.57 4.85

61 26.195 91.692 0.9 1.40 201.34 1.9583 159.59 5.60 5.23

62 26.207 91.683 1.1 1.40 223.21 1.8071 175.37 7.66 5.17

63 26.193 91.682 0.8 ——— 216.45 1.8430 150.99 9.18 5.20

64 26.191 91.694 3.4 1.40 289.86 2.0607 298.06 3.47 4.24

65 26.191 91.702 1.4 1.40 277.78 1.8953 196.42 5.50 4.52

66 26.183 91.666 0.9 0.69 290.70 1.6190 159.59 6.47 4.79

67 26.194 91.669 5.3 ——— 250.00 2.0319 367.21 2.61 4.60

68 26.183 91.674 0.8 0.76 274.73 2.0745 150.99 7.23 4.35

69 26.189 91.696 3.2 0.76 252.53 1.9370 289.69 4.10 4.69

70 26.180 91.682 1.1 ——— 248.76 1.9225 175.37 6.88 4.75

71 26.190 91.692 3.4 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

72 26.108 91.721 0.9 0.69 259.07 2.1630 159.59 7.26 4.39

73 26.127 91.797 1.1 0.91 257.73 1.9780 175.37 6.64 4.60

74 26.173 91.730 1 0.91 360.14 1.8094 167.69 4.01 4.09

75 26.114 91.724 0.8 0.69 225.23 1.5730 150.99 8.82 5.52

76 26.184 91.781 1.9 1.88 216.45 1.7640 226.74 6.11 5.31

77 26.097 91.789 7.5 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

78 26.158 91.818 3.5 214.59 1.8635 302.15 4.63 5.18

79 26.166 91.752 1.2 0.91 261.78 1.8290 182.69 6.27 4.74

80 26.122 91.799 1.2 2.63 214.59 1.9035 182.69 7.65 5.13

81 26.120 91.787 0.9 1.14 234.74 1.8175 159.59 8.01 5.03

82 26.144 91.788 1.5 1.49 256.41 1.8874 202.89 5.77 4.72

83 26.160 91.755 2.3 2.63 232.22 1.9790 248.04 5.21 4.84

84 26.164 91.780 1.1 1.14 255.10 1.9565 175.37 6.71 4.65

85 26.184 91.772 1.9 1.49 259.07 1.9535 226.74 5.11 4.61

86 26.190 91.758 2.9 292.40 1.9594 276.59 3.71 4.33

87 26.163 91.790 8.2 ———- On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification
52 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. Lat Long Predominant Predominant Effective Effective Q-factor Damping Site
No. (°N) (°E) frequency frequency Shear Wave Density Factor Response
estimated estimated by Velocity (gm/cc) ( K0*10-4)
by noise empirical Vs30 (m/sec)
survey (Hz) relation (Hz)

88 26.129 91.745 4.1 ——— 292.40 1.9578 325.47 3.15 4.33

89 26.130 91.721 1.8 ——— 260.42 2.1460 221.05 5.21 4.39

90 26.137 91.790 0.8 1.49 280.90 2.1295 150.99 7.07 4.25

91 26.183 91.742 1.2 1.19 261.78 1.9360 182.69 6.27 4.61

92 26.155 91.785 1.7 1.49 331.13 2.0065 215.19 4.21 4.03

93 26.172 91.796 5.3 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

94 26.185 91.752 1.1 ——— 263.16 1.9900 175.37 6.50 4.54

95 26.164 91.745 2.1 3.09 224.22 1.9895 237.66 5.63 4.91

96 26.097 91.723 4.4 3.09 201.61 1.7010 336.46 4.42 5.59

97 26.138 91.725 1.6 1.60 248.76 1.8906 209.14 5.77 4.79

98 26.173 91.781 1.4 1.19 210.08 1.8755 196.42 7.27 5.23

99 26.182 91.796 1.2 1.88 270.27 2.0300 182.69 6.08 4.43

100 26.137 91.782 1.5 1.40 251.57 1.9769 202.89 5.88 4.65

101 26.148 91.811 2.2 1.19 271.74 1.9105 242.91 4.54 4.55

102 26.152 91.793 2.4 1.40 271.74 2.0005 253.05 4.36 4.45

103 26.159 91.788 1.6 2.63 304.88 2.066 209.14 4.70 4.14

104 26.133 91.737 3.6 ——— 294.12 2.0375 306.17 3.33 4.24

105 26.199 91.778 7 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

106 26.190 91.784 9.5 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

107 26.123 91.829 2.4 1.10 268.82 1.8582 253.05 4.41 4.64

108 26.163 91.707 3.6 2.63 304.88 2.0660 209.14 4.70 4.14

109 26.118 91.815 4 ——— On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

110 26.144 91.771 3.4 ——— 264.90 1.8907 298.06 ——— ———

111 26.135 91.758 7.2 2.63 284.09 2.1160 424.09 2.49 4.23

112 26.160 91.742 0.6 1.14 270.27 1.9162 131.90 8.42 4.56

113 26.121 91.771 0.9 0.91 222.22 1.9525 159.59 7.03 4.37

114 26.146 91.768 8.2 2.63 On Hill ——— ——— ——— No

(rock) amplification

115 26.147 91.752 4.8 ——— 265.96 1.9195 350.50 2.57 4.59

116 26.102 91.751 2.2 0.91 234.74 1.8980 242.91 5.26 4.91

117 26.113 91.738 0.9 1.40 267.38 2.1150 159.59 7.03 4.37

118 26.178 91.830 4.9 2.63 243.90 1.9205 353.92 3.48 4.79

119 26.203 91.792 2.4 ——— 255.10 2.0740 253.05 4.65 4.51

120 26.182 91.814 4.7 1.88 255.10 1.8165 347.05 3.39 4.82
Chapter 3 53

Sl. Lat Long Predominant Predominant Effective Effective Q-factor Damping Site
No. (°N) (°E) frequency frequency Shear Wave Density Factor Response
estimated estimated by Velocity (gm/cc) ( K0*10-4)
by noise empirical Vs30 (m/sec)
survey (Hz) relation (Hz)

121 26.190 91.801 0.9 ——— 270.27 1.9150 159.59 5.56 4.56

122 26.130 91.770 1.2 1.40 246.31 1.9615 182.69 6.67 4.72

123 26.191 91.767 1.6 ——— 233.92 1.7560 209.14 4.91 5.12

124 26.181 91.813 2.9 1.4 259.07 1.8665 276.59 4.19 4.72

125 26.130 91.822 2.1 3.09 219.78 1.7147 237.66 4.59 5.35

126 26.171 91.830 3.5 ——— 265.49 1.6054 302.15 2.24 5.03

127 26.137 91.818 3 1.19 259.07 1.8910 281.03 4.12 4.69

128 26.163 91.736 1 1.19 205.76 1.5720 167.69 8.69 5.77

129 26.102 91.810 1.1 3.09 263.16 2.0140 175.37 6.50 4.51

130 26.173 91.748 1.5 0.91 260.42 2.1005 202.89 5.68 4.44

131 26.122 91.749 3.1 2.63 277.78 1.9620 285.40 3.78 4.44

132 26.144 91.797 1 1.19 225.23 1.8567 167.69 7.94 5.08

133 26.111 91.769 1.1 1.14 250.00 1.7012 175.37 5.47 5.03

134 26.132 91.808 1.1 0.97 292.40 1.9035 175.37 5.85 4.40

135 26.154 91.837 1.1 0.91 257.73 1.8435 175.37 6.64 4.76

136 26.144 91.830 1.1 1.14 273.22 1.9915 175.37 6.26 4.45

137 26.135 91.808 4.2 ——— 304.88 2.0480 329.18 2.99 4.15

138 26.135 91.808 4.6 ——— 304.88 2.0480 329.18 2.99 4.15

139 26.114 91.817 1.6 1.32 282.49 1.8520 209.14 5.08 4.54

140 26.192 91.752 1.6 ——— 264.55 1.9700 209.14 5.42 4.55

141 26.178 91.758 2.2 ——— 284.09 1.9279 242.91 4.35 4.43

Table 3.2: Comparison of site response calculated from empirical relation and strong
ground motion data
Station (Latitude, Longitude) Predominant Empirically Site Response
Frequency Calculated from strong
Site ground motion
Response data
AEC (26.141910 N, 91.66107oE) 7.2 4.97 5.60
AMTRON (26.185730 N,
91.7861oE) 6.2 5.12 4.38
Cotton College Guwahati
(26.185860 N, 91.74524oE) 0.8 4.41 3.98
0
IIT Guwahati (26.18748 N,
91.69056oE) 0.6 6.63 6.73
0
Irrigation (26.184713 N,
91.77269oE), 5.4 4.88 5.45
54 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 3.7 Bulk density contour map of Guwahati Region

Figure 3.8 Shear wave velocity (Vs30) contour map of Guwahati Region
Chapter 3 55

Figure 3.9 Site response contour map of Guwahati Region

3.8 SITE CLASSIFICATION OF GUWAHATI REGION

Site classification in Guwahati Region is done on the basis of shear wave velocity,
site response, predominant frequency and factor of safety. These themes are
integrated using multi criteria decision making method (Saaty, 1980). Figure 3.10
depicts the site classification of Guwahati Region. Range of effective shear wave
velocity and predominant frequency are given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Shear wave velocity and Predominant frequency of each site class

Site Class Shear Wave Velocity Predominant Frequency

(m/s) (Hz)

IIIA 200-240 0.5-2.0

IIIB 240-280 2.0-4.0
IIIC 280-320 4.0-6.0
IIID 320-360 6.0-8.2
56 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 3.10 Site classification of Guwahati Region

 CHAPTER 4

Strong Ground Motion Synthesis and Seismic Scenario in

the Guwahati Region

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The introduction of performance based earthquake resistant design for buildings and
other civil engineering structure has increased the need for simulating realistic ground
motions. Combined with recent developments in software tools and structural modeling
techniques for time domain transient nonlinear dynamic analysis, the use of simulated
time histories of ground motion has gained major importance. Although the use of
recorded ground motion under condition similar to the design earthquake is appealing,
there may never be an adequate suite of such data in terms of tectonic structures,
earthquake size, local geology, and near field conditions. The variability of ground
acceleration traces depends on the source, propagation path, and site characteristics.
A number of methods have been developed and are in use for the adjustment of
selected recorded time histories to provide conformity to site condition (so-called
accelerogram scaling) and other spectrum technique that aim to generate time
histories of ground motion whose response spectra match the design response
spectrum. There are several approaches to the modeling and simulation of strong
ground motion taking into account the physics of source and propagation process.
Each approach accommodates, to varying degrees, the seismic wave radiation from
a fault rupture propagation through the crust, and modification by local site conditions.
we perform the simulation and modeling of ground motion by two approaches, first by
recorded strong motion data of two earthquakes considering omega (ω k = 2π f k )
squared circular crack source model (Brune,1970) and second by generating synthetic
seismogram using continuous wave number integration method (Wang and Herrmann,
1980).
58 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

4.2 SOURCE SPECTRA AND SIMULATION OF SPECTRAL

ACCELERATION

In the previous chapter, it has been estimated that propagation path term P(rij,fk), and
site effect term SIj(fk) follow the equation (3.2). Brune (1970) gives the source term
as,

RθφF (2πfk )2 
 ⋅ Moi
SO j ( fk ) = ................................................ (4.1)
(
2 4πρβ3 )  fk 
1 +   γi
 fci 
where Moi , fci and gi control the Brune’s source model (Brune, 1970). We initialize
Moi by computing the value of M0 in dyne-cm for a given Mw using Kanamori’s relation
(Hanks and Kanamori, 1979),
2
Mw = log (M0 ) − 10.73 ............................................................... (4.2)
3

The initial values of fci and gi are assumed to be 0.1Hz (Dutta et al., 2003) and 2
(Hwang and Huo, 1997) respectively. Estimation of these values is carried out in an
iterative fashion. Iteration continues until the difference between the observed and
the simulated source spectra tends to approach a minimum value. This exercise
was carried out for 2 events at five stations as well as for borehole locations those
coming in azimuthal range of these events. The location of all the five stations and
200 boreholes are shown in Figure 4.1.The simulated moment rate spectra and the
spectral acceleration have also been compared with those extracted from observed
data at the respective stations. The site response, source spectra, moment rate
spectra and the spectral acceleration at station IIT Guwahati (26.19° N, 91.69°E) are
furnished in Figure 4.2.

At IIT Guwahati, the site response as given in Figure 4.2(a) has been computed for
the event recorded in the azimuthal direction of 306.15°N. The observed and simulated
source amplitude spectra in Figure 4.2(b) find good match, the same has been
.
observed for moment rate spectra, Moi in Figure 4.2(c) and the spectral acceleration
in Figure 4.2(d). A corner frequency 5.4Hz for this event of Mw 3.1 with a scalar
moment of 2.5 × 1021dyne-cm seems to have replicated the observed spectra to a
great extent with the resulting stress drop of 1.8 bars.
Chapter 4 59

Figure 4.1 Borehole location, strong motion station and ambient noise survey sites
in Guwahati Region

Figure 4.2 (a) Site Response for the source azimuth 306.15°N, (b) Observed and simulated
source spectra, (c) Computed and best fit moment rate spectra, and (d) Observed and
simulated spectral acceleration with source parameters at IIT Guwahati (26.190 N, 91.69oE).
60 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Table 4.1: List of source parameters: Moment Magnitude (Mw), Corner frequency
(fc), Scalar moment (M0) and Stress Drop (Ds) determined for representative events
in this study.

Sl. No. Mw fc M0 Ds
(Hz) (dyne-cm) (bars)
1 3.1 2.20 2.5E+21 1.8
2 5.1 5.04 4.8E+22 0.30

The value of corner frequency fci can also be computed using the relation
(Hwang and Huo, 1997),
1
 ∆σ 3
fci = 4.9 ∗10000 ∗β∗   ............................................................. (4.3)
 M0 

Equation (4.2) given by Kanamori can be used to compute M0 from ML. To estimate
the value of stress drop (Ds) we used the relation (Kanamori and Anderson, 1975),

 
3 16∆σ 
log (M0 ) = log (S ) + log 
2  3
 .................................................. (4.4)
 7π 2 

where S represents the surface area, that can further be calculated using the relation
given by Bath and Duda (1964).

As already discussed we have appropriated a magnitude Mw 8.7 as SEM for the

region. The same has been simulated in the present study. The historical Shillong
Earthquake of Mw 8.7, 1897 has been the maximum magnitude event in the span
from 1897 to 2006. As a first approximation, we consider the focus of the Shillong
Earthquake to be an omega-squared circular-crack source model (Brune’s Source)
as the point source regime from where an SEM of 8.7 will germinate at a focal depth
of 35 km. A hazard scenario in Guwahati region is thereby, established in terms of
PGA using the convolution model for simulating the spectral acceleration at all the
five stations as well as at 133 borehole locations. Site response was chosen for
these boreholes on the basis of site class and azimuthal coverage of these recorded
events.
Chapter 4 61

The corresponding spectral acceleration computed at AMTRON along with the PGA
values is presented in Figure 4.3. Figure 4.4 shows the site response and spectral
acceleration at borehole location 1 (26.141670N, 91.66125oE). Figure 4.5 represents
PGA distribution map of Guwahati Region considering omega squared circular crack
model. The highest PGA of 0.53g being observed at IIT Guwahati and 0.49g at AEC,
diminishing towards the east where the value reached 0.26g at Cotton College
Guwahati. This aspect is further analyzed through Green’s function simulation and
attenuation study from strong motion accelerometric data.

Figure 4.3 Simulated spectral acceleration for the Scenario Earthquake Magnitude
(SEM) Mw 8.7 nucleating at the focus of 1897 Shillong earthquake at AMTRON

Figure 4.4 (a) Site response, (b) Spectral acceleration at the bore hole with
the spatial coordinate 26.141670N, 91.66125oE
62 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.5 Spatial distribution of PGA in the Guwahati Region estimated from the
Simulation of scenario earthquake of Mw 8.7 nucleating from 1897 Shillong earthquake

4.3 SYNTHESIS OF STRONG GROUND MOTION BY WAVE NUMBER

INTEGRATION METHOD (GREEN’S FUNCTION APPROACH)

Wave number integration method or Green’s function approach is useful if the range
of possible fault rupture history is narrow enough to functionally constrain the predicted
strong ground motion as is the case here. For the computation of synthetic
accelerogram impulsive source has been used as a first approximation for the near-
field effect. The wave number integration method of Herrmann and Mandal (1986) is
then followed.

The generation of synthetic seismograms for point sources in simply layered structures
has made rapid advances in the past decade. Two approaches, involving Laplace
transform and Fourier transform techniques, are actively being pursued. The Laplace
transform or Cagniard-de Hoop technique, usually referred to as the generalized ray
method (Helmberger, 1968), constructs the solution by tracking the individual seismic
arrivals ray by ray from the source to receiver. This method is valid at high frequencies
Chapter 4 63

and works well at predicting particular phases, but is poorly suited to models with
many layers and larger distances when a complete seismogram is desired. The
other approach involves expressing the solutions in terms of a double integral
transformation over wave number and frequency (Hudson, 1969). The complete solution
rather than individual rays, is considered in such a full wave theory approach. This
method can handle a larger number of plane layers, but requires considerable
computational effort, especially at high frequencies.

Suppose that an earthquake can be represented by a double-couple without moment

source model with the symbols ‘ n ’ for the vector normal to the fault and ' f ' for the
direction of force as used by Haskell (1963, 1964). The Fourier transformed vertical
displacement generated by such a dislocation source can be written as

u z ( r , φ , 0, ω ) = ZSS ( f1 n1 − f 2 n2 ) cos 2φ + ( f1n2 + f 2 n1 ) sin 2φ 

+ ZDS ( f1n3 + f 3 n1 ) cos φ + ( f 2 n3 + f 3 n2 ) sin φ 

+ ZDD [ f3 n3 ] ............................................................................. (4.5)

where ZSS is the Z-component displacement of a strike-slip type of source, ZDS is

the Z-component displacement of a dip-slip type of source, and ZDD is the
Z-component displacement of a 45° dip-slip type of source. Following the same
procedure, the tangential and radial component of displacement can be written as

ur ( r , φ , 0, ω ) = RSS ( f1n1 − f 2 n2 ) cos 2φ + ( f1n2 + f 2 n1 ) sin 2φ 

+ RDS ( f1n3 + f 3 n1 ) cos φ + ( f 2 n3 + f 3 n2 ) sin φ 
+ RDD [ f 3 n3 ] ...................................................................... (4.6)

uφ ( r , φ , 0, ω ) = TSS ( f1n2 + f 2 n1 ) cos 2φ − ( f1n1 − f 2 n2 ) sin 2φ 

+ TDS  ( f 2 n3 + f3 n2 ) cos φ − ( f1 n3 + f3 n1 ) sin φ  ......................... (4.7)

ZDD, ZDS, ZSS, RSS, RDS, RDD, TSS and TDS are referred as Green’s Functions.
It is apparent, that these three components are necessary to represent the P-SV
motion for any shear-dislocation source (Harkrider, 1976). RSS and RDS in equation
(4.6) also include the near-field terms. These terms decrease faster than the others
and therefore, are important only at short distances.
64 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

The values of ur (r , φ , 0, ω ) , u z (r , φ , 0, ω ) and uφ (r , φ , 0, ω ) are calculated at

several discrete frequencies in the range of interest. The inverse Fourier transform of
Equations (4.5), (4.6) and (4.7) on multiplication of -w 2 needs a convolution of the
source spectra for the generation of acceleration time history of the vertical, radial
and tangential components of ground motion as given below,
∞
dω
ur,z,φ (r, φ,0,t ) = ∫ S (ω)u (r, φ,0, ω) exp (iωt ) 2π
r,z,φ ........................... (4.8)
−∞

where S(ù) is the Fourier spectra of the impulse source function as described by
Herrmann (1979).

The S-wave part of the accelerogram is convolved with site response of each station
to obtain the response on engineering bed rock.

4.3.1 Crustal Model

We have used the crustal model derived by inverting Rayleigh wave dispersion curve,
(Mitra et al., 2006). The model and dispersion curve, which has been taken for this
study are shown in Figure 4.6(a-b). This model is derived by inverting Rayleigh wave
dispersion curve. In each layer of the model the seismic energy attenuation due to
both absorption by intrinsic anelasticity and scattering by heterogeneities is
parameterized by the quality factor of S-wave Qβ and of P-wave Qα . They are assumed
to be frequency independent. Nath et al. (2005) has derived Qβ for Sikkim. The
relation between the P-wave quality factor Qα and the S-wave quality factor Qβ
proposed in the literature (Anderson et al., 1965; Kijko and Mitchell, 1983) implicates
Qα = k Qβ with 1 ≤ k ≤ 2.5 . We have chosen k =2.5, so that in our study the
effect of attenuation for a given Qβ can be considered to be minimal.

4.3.2 Simulation of Spectral Acceleration using Green’s Function

The SEM as considered in the foregoing analysis is assigned with the focal mechanism
of 1897 Great Shillong Earthquake for the synthesis of strong motion acceleration at
all the borehole locations in the study region. Fault plane parameters that have been
used for the Green’s Function synthesis (after Bilham et al., 2003) corresponds to a
Chapter 4 65

slip of 16m on a fault plane striking ESE for 110km and dipping SSW at 57°beneath
the northern edge of the plateau, slip on the plane extends from 9 to 45km beneath
the surface, with a rake of 76°. The dip of the fault and the rake of the slip are
constrained within 15°by the distribution of shear strains.

Our next step is to validate the PGA calculated by simulation using Brune’s source
with the PGA estimated by Synthetic Accelerogram Simulation. Hence the PGA is
calculated using synthetic seismogram simulation at 200 borehole locations as well
as at five strong motion instrument locations. Figure 4.7 shows the calculated Green’s
Function at borehole location 141 (26.11113oN, 91.79567oE). This computed synthetic
accelerogram was band pass filtered between the frequency range 0.5Hz to 25Hz.
Figure 4.8(a)-(e) show synthetic accelerogram convolved with site response and
simulated spectral acceleration at borehole location 141(26.11113oN, 91.79567oE ).
Figures 4.9 and 4.10 represent Green’s function and simulated spectral acceleration
at IIT Guwahati station. Figure 4.11 represents spatial distribution of simulated PGA
using Green’s function simulation in Guwahati Region. A comparative plot of the PGA
estimated by point source approximation w 2 - circular crack source model, and by
Wave Number Integration is presented in Figure 4.12 with a good 1:1 correspondence
observed in the cross plot with + 1 standard deviation bounds. However, in case of a
homogeneous, elastic 2D or 3D horizontally stratified half space the wave fields
radiated by an arbitrary internal point source may be described as a superposition of
cylindrical waves (Green’s function) characterized by horizontal wave numbers
pertaining to different directions.

Response at any seismometer is the convolution of source, site and path terms.
Path effect is the one which is dependent on the media in which the wave traverses.
In Green’s function simulation, superposition of impulsive layered earth responses
are considered with the fault attitude and Haskel source approximation, thereby
estimating realistic near - field effect having better accuracy at lower frequencies.
The radiation pattern in case of Brune source approximation of w 2 - circular crack
source model does not incorporate layered earth responses rather a simplified
reciprocal term for the path effect in an otherwise homogeneous half space for free-
field modeling especially at higher frequencies. Therefore, simulation by Brune’s
source approximation provides over-estimated ground motions at seismic stations.
66 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.6 (a) Dispersion curve for the velocity model (after Mitra et al., 2006),
(b) Inverted shear wave crustal model used for continuous wave number integration
Chapter 4 67

Figure 4.7 Green’s functions at the bore hole no. 141(26.11113oN, 91.76oE)
68 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.8 (a) Radial component of synthetic accelerogram, (b) Transverse com-
ponent of synthetic accelerogram, (c) Radial component of synthetic accelerogram
convolved with site response, (d) Transverse component of synthetic accelerogram
convolved with site response, (e) Simulated spectral acceleration for Mw 8.7 at
borehole no. 141(26.11113oN, 91.79567oE).
Chapter 4 69

Fig 4.9 Green’s functions at Guwahati station (26.18748°N, 91.69056°E)

70 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.10 (a) Radial component of synthetic accelerogram, (b) Transverse

component of synthetic accelerogram, (c) Radial component of synthetic
accelerogram convolved with site response, (d) Transverse component of synthetic
accelerogram convolved with site response, (e) Simulated spectral acceleration
for Mw 8.7 at Guwahati station (26.187480 N, 91.69056oE).
Chapter 4 71

Figure 4.11 Spatial distribution of PGA in the Guwahati Region estimated through
simulation of the scenario earthquake of Mw 8.7 by continuous Wave Number
(F-K) integration method (Green’s Function Approach)

Figure 4.12 Scatter plot between PGA (by Brune source approximation) and PGA
(by F-K Integration) depicting data clustering around the 45°, 1:1 correspondence line.
72 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

4.4 COMPUTATION OF RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR SINGLE DEGREE

OF FREEDOM (SDOF)

A ground response analysis consists of studying the behavior of a soil deposit subjected
to an acceleration time history applied to a layer of the profile. Ground response
analyses are used to predict ground surface motions for the evaluation of amplification
potential and for the development of design response spectrum. In the present study,
ground response spectra have been computed using WESHAKE91 software (from
the Waterways Experiment Station of US Navy) for the analysis of non-linear behavior
of soil very often approximated by a ‘linear-equivalent’ method that uses an iterative
procedure to adapt the soil parameters (i.e., rigidity and damping) to the actual strain
it undergoes. The behavior of soil under irregular cyclic loading is modeled by using
modulus reduction (G/Gmax) and damping (â) vs. strain curves, by calibrating with a
standard database input. The degradation curves for sand and rock used for the
present work are those proposed by Seed and Idriss (1970) and Schnabel (1973)
respectively.

4.4.1 Input (Object) Motions

A strong motion accelerograph network is operating in the Guwahati region since

2004 and recorded ground motion for strong earthquake in locality has been used for
site response analysis, study of moment rate spectra and spectral fall off. Eventually,
it is to infer the shear wave quality factor (Qs) response versus frequency and ground
motion synthesis for a range of large earthquakes.

4.4.2 Ground Response Analysis

Synthesized acceleration time history for scenario earthquake of Mw 8.7 at each of

the 200 borehole locations as well as five strong motion stations has been used as
input ground motion at the bedrock level for simulation of response spectra through
WESHAKE91. Both absolute as well as normalized response spectra at representative
12 borehole locations have been displayed in Figures 4.13 – 4.15 for site classes
IIIA, IIIB and IIIC respectively. These response spectra will act as seismic design
code in each of the site class.
Chapter 4 73

Site Class IIIA

Figure 4.13 Contd.

74 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.13 (a) Absolute and (b) Normalized spectral acceleration at site class IIIA
Chapter 4 75

Site Class IIIB

Figure 4.14 Contd.

76 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.14 (a) Absolute and (b) Normalized spectral acceleration at site class IIIB
Chapter 4 77

Site Class IIIC

Figure 4.15 Contd.

78 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 4.15: (a) Absolute and (b) Normalized spectral acceleration at site
class IIIC

4.5 SITE SPECIFIC ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE

GUWAHATI REGION

Nath et al. (2005) used a semi-empirical approach by selecting to minimize the

difference between the observed and estimated values of ground motion and obtained
the attenuation law for Sikkim Himalaya. A similar algorithm has been used to develop
site specific attenuation relation in the Guwahati region.
Chapter 4 79

We have already observed in our previous analysis that the spectral acceleration
depends on site amplification, topography, source azimuth and the local site
conditions and hence it became necessary to work out a site specific attenuation
relation.

We started with the general form of equation given by Campbell’s attenuation law
(Campbell, 1997) for spectral acceleration as,

In (SA Hˆ ) = In ( A Hˆ ) + c 1 + c 2 tanh[c 3 (M − 4.7 )] + (c 4 + c 5 M ) r

+.5c 6 S SR + c 7 tanh (c 8D )(1 − SHR ) + fSA (D ) + ε .................................. (4.9)

where SAĤ is the horizontal spectral acceleration, AĤ is the PGA, SSR and SHR are
variables representing local site conditions for soft rock and hard rock respectively, D
is the depth to the basement rock and fSA is a function of D. We introduced a term for
site amplification to take into account local site conditions. Our established second
order attenuation relation, therefore, takes the following shape,
30
ln (PGA) = ln(SA) – a1 – (a2 + a3 m)r –a4Vs -a5 ln(SR) .....................(4.10)

where SR is the site response and SA is the spectral acceleration at respective

30
frequency for which the relation holds well and an additional term Vs corresponding
to shear wave velocity of first 30 meter layer, was incorporated in attenuation relations.
A set of spectral attenuation relations has been determined at different frequencies.
These frequencies are selected on the basis of frequency ranges in different site
class. Site Classification is done by integrating the layers of Shear Wave Velocity,
Site Response, Predominant Frequency and Factor of Safety. Finally four zones
were classified with frequency range 0.2Hz – 1.6Hz, 1.8Hz-3.0Hz, 3.25Hz-5.50Hz
and 5.8Hz-8.2Hz. Accordingly these frequencies were selected for derivation of
attenuation relation. Figure 4.16 shows the spline smoothened variation of different
coefficient of the attenuation relationship as a function of frequency. In order to judge
the authenticity of these attenuation relations, we attempted to simulate spectral
acceleration using the Brune’s source model and also by using the attenuation relation
at all the five stations. The result at AMTRON is shown in Figure 4.17. It is to be
noted that due to the paucity of data within the magnitude range 5.0 to 8.7, we
simulated the spectral acceleration for this magnitude range. This relation, therefore,
uses both the recorded and simulated events, with local site conditions incorporated
in the simulation. Furthermore, we computed the PGA for the scenario earthquake
80 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

with SEM 8.7 .The median PGA is tabulated in Table 4.3 along with PGA values
computed by the simulation as well as those estimated using various global
relationships. The PGA estimated through simulation and spectral attenuation relations
closely follow each other, both being consistent with the occurrence of a scenario
earthquake of great magnitude in the Guwahati Region.

Figure 4.16 Spline smoothened variation of different coefficients with frequency

in the spectral attenuation relations of the Guwahati Region
Chapter 4 81

Figure 4.17 Comparative plots of simulated spectral acceleration for Mw 6.0 using
the Brune’s source model and by the spectral attenuation relation at AMTRON station

Table 4.3: Comparison of PGA values at all the stations computed by Campbell’s
Relation, Simulation of spectral acceleration, and the 2nd order local spectral
attenuation laws derived in this study

Stations Campbell Our local relations of attenuation

(1997) Simulated at different frequencies PGA(g)

(1.4Hz) (5.6Hz) (8.2Hz) (Median)

AEC 0.26 0.49 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.51

AMTRON 0.23 0.43 0.38 0.46 0.41 0.46

Cotton
College 0.21 0.26 0.23 0.21 0.26 0.26
Guwahati

IIT Guwahati 0.31 0.53 0.51 0.58 0.55 0.58

Irrigation 0.16 0.47 0.45 0.52 0.49 0.52

 CHAPTER 5

GIS Based Thematic Mapping

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Geographic Information System (GIS) platform was adopted as a primary working

tool in preparing the seismic hazard microzonation map for the Guwahati region.
Multitasking functionality of GIS makes it ideally suited to seismic microzonation as
it enables automation of data manipulation and information of maps. The complex
spatial analysis associated with seismic microzonation necessitates GIS technology
for the data dissemination and management. GIS stores spatial and aspatial data
into two different databases. GIS links the two databases by maintaining one-to-one
relationship between records of object location in the topological database and records
of the object attribute in relational database by using end-user defined common
identification index or code (Marble and Pequet, 1983; Korte, 1997; Hohl, 1998). GIS
uses three types of data to represent a map or any geo-referenced data, namely,
point type, line type, and area or polygon type. It can work with both the vector and
the raster geographic models. The vector model is generally used for describing the
discrete features, while the raster model does it for the continuous features (Burrough,
1986; Davis, 1996; Burrough and Mcdonnell, 1998).

The GIS framework allowed us to account for added levels of details and complexity.
It is very important that the relevant data layers be consistent in their level of detail,
in order to successfully combine them and cross analyze them in the pair-wise
comparison process. A schematic process flow is shown in Figure 5.1. Prior to
presenting the methodologies used to produce the integrated seismic hazard maps,
a review of all the thematic coverage with their analytical detail is presented here.
84 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.1 A schematic process flow of GIS based Thematic Mapping

Following are the Geomorphological, Geotechnical and Seismological themes

considered for the microzonation:
i) Geology and Geomorphology (Base map)
ii) Effective Shear wave Velocity (calculated from SPT data)
iii) Liquefaction Potential / Factor of Safety
iv) Landuse Map
v) Basement configuration and Thickness of Valley Fill
vi) Landslide Hazard Zonation
vii) Site Response (considered at Predominant Frequency)
viii) Predominant Frequency
ix) Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA calculated using F-K integration)
Chapter 5 85

5.2 LANDUSE

Guwahati, the capital of Assam and gateway to the east has continued to hold a
place of prominence throughout the history due to its very strategic location. Nestled
on the southern bank of the mighty Brahmaputra, where the river gets probably the
narrowest in its westward journey, and surrounded all around by hills, Guwahati has
been growing in prominence all along, and today is one of the fastest growing city of
India. It has established itself as the business and commercial capital of the northeast
India. Especially after shifting of capital of Assam from Shillong to Guwahati in 1972,
there has been spurt of growth in the city. Population of Guwahati has crossed 15
lakhs as per the 2001 census.

For preparation of Landuse map of the city, the 1990 landuse map prepared by the
Assam State Remote Sensing Application Center, Guwahati was used as primary
guide to carry out the baseline classification and ground checking to arrive at an
appropriate landuse. Keeping in mind the microzonation, old Survey of India topographic
sheets pertaining to 1927, and 1968 editions were used to obtain the possible land
fill areas. Satellite image, as described in the Para on Base Map was used for
detailed classification of different landuse classes. A detailed road to road GPS based
survey was conducted to arrive at cultural parameters such as residential, commercial
and institutional areas in order to further sub-classify the broad habitation areas
shown in greenish hue on the image. Ground checking was also conducted to collect
data on other landuse classes such as water bodies, swamps, and agricultural field.
A survey of the industrial areas was also conducted.

The followings are the landuse classes derived:

Residential Areas, Commercial Areas, Industrial Areas, Public Utility Areas,

Educational Areas, Residential Areas in hill, Army/Police reserve, Airport, Field/Open
areas, Agricultural land, Hills with Dense Forest, Hills with Light Forest, River,
Sandbars, River Island, Waterbody/Beel and Swampy areas.

The landuse map was developed in-house at AMTRON and is shown in Figure 5.2.
86 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.2 Landuse map of Guwahati Region

5.3 Geology and Geomorphology (BASE MAP)

In order to facilitate compilation and collation of data and maps from varied sources
on a single platform, the first task was to bring out a Base map of the area surrounding
Guwahati where microzonation was contemplated. For this purpose, DST took up
the matter with the Survey of India who provided the 1:25,000 scale topographic
sheets. The required information, coverage wise, such as roads, contour, railways,
streams and certain administrative boundaries were traced on a transparency and
digitized using onscreen digitization techniques. Further, IRS PAN and LISS III satellite
images were acquired in digital format for the Greater Guwahati region. The images
were corrected and georeferenced with respect to the topographic map points and
GPS readings taken of the ground control points. Thereafter, the LISS and the PAN
scenes were merged to produce a sharpened high resolution FCC image having a
ground resolution of 5.8m. The stream network, road network, river and water bodies
Chapter 5 87

were, thereafter updated using the satellite image. Further, an extensive GPS based
point survey was done in the greater Guwahati to capture all possible road networks,
important places, and other requisite features on the ground. Based on the above
exercise, a comprehensive map of Guwahati was prepared. This map has been used
all throughout the microzonation exercise. All other maps, data and GPS point surveys
were collated and corrected with respect to this base map, which made it possible to
weed out errors in various data sets as shown in Figure 5.3.

Broadly the area consists of two main geological formations viz.,

a) Precambrian granitic rocks forming the hill tracts and isolated hillocks and

b) Quaternary alluvium occupying the valleys, deposited over the uneven eroded
and faulted basement of granitic rocks.

The granite and granite gneissic rocks are well foliated and jointed, allowing deep
weathering along the joint and fault planes, and covered in most places by 1 to 3m
thick ferrugenous soil capping.

The Quaternary alluvium, perhaps, form the flood plain deposit of the Brahmaputra
River. This deposit could be classified into five aggradational units based on lithological
characters, state of weathering, order of superposition and unconformity between
them. They are, in order of increasing antiquity.

1. Active Flood Plain and Levee Deposit (AFP),

2. Digaru Surface (T1),

3. Bordang Surface (T2),

4. Sonapur Surface (T3), and

5. Pediment Surface (PD).

The Geotechnical properties of these units are of major concern in the work of seismic
microzonation.

The rocks of active flood plains consist of alternate layers of silt/fine sand and clay/
silty clay. The rocks of Digaru Surface are represented mostly by silt and fine sand
88 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

and are underlain by the Bordang Surface below an unconformity. The Bordang Surface
consists of white silty clay at the top and medium to coarse grained sand at the
bottom. The Sonapur Surface constitute the oldest unit of all the fluvial deposits of
Brahmaputra valley, mostly exposed near the foot hills showing contact with the
pediment forming colluviums or with the granite rocks. It comprises of bedded sand,
silt, and clay in varying proportion with maximum amount of clay. The Pediment
Surface is formed of weathered and eroded alluvial materials deposited mostly along
the foothills.

It is difficult to distinguish these litho-units at depth from the study of sludge collected
during digging of boreholes up to 120m depths for ground water exploration. However,
it has been seen that sand, silt, clay, and gravel alternate in irregular proportion with
extensive lateral variations. It may be mention here that seismic resistivity sounding
surveys by GSI could identify three layers of rocks at depth with resistivity
characteristics of 200, 100 and 25 Ohm-meter in the central and western part of the
valley.

The important geological structures relevant to seismic microzonation are faults

inferred to have cut across the valley fill of Quaternary Alluvium. Important faults are
(1) NE-SW trending fault cutting across the Deepor Beel, which runs for about 15km
along Chotanagar – Maligaon area. It demarcates the boundary between the Nilachal
and Fatasil hills; (2) a N100E-S100W tending fault running for about 10km between
the Kalapahar hill and the Fatasil hill; (3) a N400E-S400W trending fault passing
along the Tepar Beel, running for about 20km from the southern foot hill to the river
Brahmaputra and (4) another important fault runs almost E-W from near Khanapara
westward to the Deepor Beel in between the southern hills and the isolated hills of
Kalapahar and Fatasil etc.
Chapter 5 89

Figure 5.3 Geology and Geomorphology map of Guwahati Region (Base Map)

The overall topography of the area is rugged with high relief due to presence of steep
sided hillocks carved out of the Meghalaya Plateau that occupies the southern and
the eastern fringe of the area under consideration. The denuded and continuous hill
tracts from Rani to Khanapara RF in the south and the Amchang Hills RF in the east
rise in altitude from 200 to 400m above MSL. Isolated hillocks within the valley
occasionally rise up to 300m above MSL. The highest hillock is located in the north-
western part of the area (Silapahar-381m) and the lowest elevated hillock, Odalbakra
– 145m, lies in the center of the area. The relative relief is high varying between 80
and 300m. The general elevation of the valley area varies from 25 to 50m above MSL.

The major landform units can be mapped as

a) Denuded hills,

b) Valley filled alluvium with almost flat surface, and

c) Swampy landmass/beels/water bodies.

90 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

It is important in the present context that many of the hillocks have been cut into
small terraces and are occupied for habitation, and the swampy lands/water bodies
have been filled up in many places for construction of houses due to tremendous
pressure of population. A few of the hillocks have scarp or steeply inclined face.
They are Engineering College hill, Gitanagar hill and Japorigong hill. The isolated
hillocks have NE-SW trending dendritic pattern of drainage of moderate density. Due
to deep weathering along joints and faults the hill slopes have become unstable
making them vulnerable to rock and debris slides, especially during heavy rains
accompanied by earthquake shaking as shown in Figure 5.3.

5.4 BASEMENT CONFIGURATION AND THICKNESS OF VALLEY FILL

Basement contour map was prepared from the data provided by GSI obtained through
resistivity survey and that from the DGM obtained through drilling for ground water
Figures 5.4, 5.5 and 5.6. In general, depth of basement increases from east to west
in south bank and reaches up to –300m. In north bank basement depth reaches up
to –600m in Singimari – Dadara area and attains the shape of a circular basin in the
northwest corner of the area.

The basement forms N100W-S100E trending steep ‘V’ shaped valley with maximum
depth of –150m in between the Fatasil and Kalapahar hillocks that is traversed by a
fault. Another NE-SW trending valley occurs in between the engineering college hill
and the Fatasil hill that extends up to the junction of Neelachal hill and the Fatasil hill
with maximum depth of –250m. This valley is also underlain by a fault. A NE-SW
trending valley passing along the Tepar beel by the western side of the Japorigong
hills reaches the depth of –100m and it is relatively wide. An E-W deep valley passes
from Panjabri to Kahabari across the Deepor beel. Towards east the basins has
highs and lows but to the west the basin gradually get deeper and attains the depth
of –300m. A fault also runs along this valley. Thus it is seen that the valley area has
variable depth of basement having steep gradient along some zones like the western,
eastern and the southern margins of the Fatasil hill; western margin of the Kalapahar
hill and the northern periphery of the Rani-Khanapara hill tract. These zones will have
pronounced basin edge effect during earthquake shaking Figures 5.7 and 5.8 present
Basement Contour and zonation map of Guwahati Region.
Chapter 5 91

Figure 5.4 Bedrock section profile (1)

Figure 5.5 Bedrock section profile (2)

92 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.6 Bedrock section profile (3)

Figure 5.7 Basement contour map of Guwahati Region

Chapter 5 93

Figure 5.8 Basement zonation map of Guwahati Region

5.5 SEISMOTECTONICS

The city of Guwahati is located in an area surrounded on all sides by highly active
tectonic blocks as shown in Figure 5.9. Generally speaking the area is buttressed in
between the Himalayan collision zone to the north and the northeast, Indo-Myanmar
subduction interface of Indian plate to the east and the Meghalaya Plateau – Mikir
hills tectonic block to its south. Strictly speaking the Guwahati area falls in the
domain of Meghalaya Plateau and Mikir hill block. Juxtaposition of ongoing collision-
subduction tectonic processes has made the area one of the most intense seismic
zones of the world.

Analysis of contemporary tectonics in the region reveals that active Himalayan frontal
thrusts and cross faults cutting across these thrusts have been generating many
relatively shallow, small and moderate earthquakes. Strike-slip movements along a
NW-SE trending fault (Po Chu) in the Mishmi block had produced the 1950 Great
94 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Assam earthquake (Mw 8.7) inflicting catastrophic damage in the Upper Assam
area. All the other thrusts/faults in this block viz. Mishmi thrust, Lohit thrust and
Tidding suture can be classified as capable faults.

The active subduction process along the Indo-Myanmar mobile belt and the conjugate
faults lying across this belt has been producing many large and major earthquakes
that shook the Guwahati region.

The tectonic block of Maghalaya Plateau-Mikir hill represents the northeastern most
exposed element of the Indian shield, occupying a crucial position in between the
northern collision and the eastern subduction zones of the Indian plate. This block is
under tremendous stress and is seismically active. The Guwahati area being located
in the northern margin of this block is vulnerable to severe earthquake damage. The
N-S faults cutting across the Plateau such as the Jamuna or Dhubri fault, Dhudnoi/
Chedrang fault, and Kulsi fault in the Meghalaya Plateau are very active; NW-SE
Kopili fault passing in between the Plateau and the Mikir hill and the NW-SE Bomdila
fault passing along the northern margin of Mikir hill, both traversing across the
Himalayan thrust and fold belt as well as the Indo-Myanmar mobile belt are very
important.

The Jamuna or Dhubri fault has been the source for 1931 (Mw 7.1) Dhubri earthquake.
Movement along the Dhudnoi or Chedrang fault generated the 1897 Great Assam
earthquake. The Kopili fault has the record of producing the 1869 Cachar earthquake
(Mw>7) and 1943 earthquake (Mw>7). Moreover, recent recording of earthquake events
clearly demonstrate that Kopili fault is highly active at present. Another important
active fault is the NE-Sylhet and its associated faults falling in the tectonic domain of
Bengal basin. This fault had generated the 1918 Srimangal earthquake (Mw 7.6).
Similar earthquake may affect the Guwahati city. The E-W Dauki fault system, a
regional structure of great importance, though seems to be dormant at present may
produce large earthquakes that may affect the Guwahati city. Focal mechanism
solutions of the past earthquakes reveal that most of the events were due to strike
slip motion in these terrains (Nandy and Dasgupta, 1991; Nandy, 2001).

Thus, it is seen that the Guwahati city area is vulnerable to catastrophic near source
great and large earthquakes. It may be mentioned here that recent release of stress
Chapter 5 95

along a 1200km long subduction interface in the southern part of the Indo-Maynmar-
Andaman-Sunda subduction zone by the 26th December, 2004, Mw 9.0 earthquake
has made it highly probable that next rupture may take place along the northern
sector of the subduction zone in Indo-Myanmar region.

Figure 5.9 Seismotectonic map of the Guwahati Region

96 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

5.6 LANDSLIDE HAZARD ZONATION

Detailed work by Keffer (1984) on 40 historical earthquakes and numerous landslides

induced by them revealed that most of the slides get triggered at intensity VI and
above (MM Scale) with very few slides occurring at lower intensity zones.

The thickness of weathered zone/soil is fairly high in the granite hillocks in and
around the Guwahati city. Many of the landslide incidences (baring a few in the
Kalapahar area) are due to anthropogenic activities. A total of six landslides of
different categories have been recorded. Most of them are slump type followed by
debris slide and rock fall. Except one located SW of Deepor Beel, all are fresh
slides. Slides located at Kalapahar, Kahangkar basti, Rupnagar and 10th mile on G-
S road are of planer failure type whereas others are circular slip type.

A prominent landslide located at the foothills of Nabagraha temple caused slipping of

the boundary wall of house in 2002. In July 1999, 4 persons were killed at north
Kalapahar. In the vicinity of this place more people were killed by landslide in 1987.
In 1982 landslide due to heavy rains and earthquake killed 4 people at Birubari.

Twenty two landslides are concentrated in and around the Guwahati City, especially
in its central part. Kalapahar area experienced 10 slides followed by Dhirenpara
having 4 slides. Area along the G-S road has the record of 9 landslides.

Based on geo-environmental parameters like slope angle, lithology, structure, relative

relief, landuse-landcover, hydrological correlation, seismicity, rainfall and landslide
incidences were considered for preparation of landslide hazard zonation map. Eight
thematic maps were first prepared viz., facet map, slope morphometry map, relative
relief map, lithological map, structural map, landuse-landcover map, drainage map,
landslide incidence map, on 1:25,000 scales and then enlarged to 1:50,000 scales.
The landslide hazard zonation map has been prepared according to Total Estimated
Hazard (TEH) of each face by superimposing the slope facet map successively one
by one over all the thematic maps. The TEH of the facet is calculated after adding
the values of Landslide Hazard Evaluation factor (LHEF) of all 9 geo-environmental
parameters encompassing the particular facet. The derived landslide hazard zonation
map thus prepared showed only three categories of hazard zone such as Low Category
of Hazard Zone (LHZ), Moderate Hazard Zone (MHZ) and High Hazard Zone (HHZ) as
shown in Figure 5.10.
Chapter 5 97

Figure 5.10 Landslide Hazard Zonation map of Guwahati Region

5.7 SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY (VS30)

Shear wave velocity contour and distribution map of Guwahati Region is shown in
Figures 5.11 and 5.12.

Figure 5.11 Shear wave velocity contour map of Guwahati Region

98 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.12 Shear wave velocity distribution map of Guwahati Region

5.8 PREDOMINANT FREQUENCY

Predominant frequency contour and distribution map of Guwahati Region is given

in Figures 5.13 and 5.14 respectively.

Figure 5.13 Predominant frequency contour map of Guwahati Region

Chapter 5 99

Figure 5.14 Predominant frequency distribution map of Guwahati Region

5.9 SITE RESPONSE

The site response is another seismological theme which is already discussed in

Chapter 3. Site response contour and distribution map is presented in Figures 5.15
and 5.16 respectively.

Figure 5.15 Site response contour map of Guwahati Region

100 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.16 Site response distribution map of Guwahati Region

5.10 FACTOR OF SAFETY

A component subjected to a solitary load will be considered in the first instance. This
load is interpreted in the context of the component’s nature and duty. Therefore, load
usually implies a transverse force in the case of a beam component, or a longitudinal
compressive force in a column, or a torque in the case of a shaft, or a pressure in a
fluid containment vessel, and so on.

There are two completely different manifestations of the load which have important
consequences for the component:

· The extrinsic actual load is the load exerted on the component by its surrounds.

· The intrinsic maximum load is the largest load that the component can withstand
without failure; the maximum load is a property of the component, a function of
its dimensions and material.
Chapter 5 101

Clearly, a component is safe only if the actual load applied to the component does
not exceed the component’s inherent maximum sustainable load. The degree of
safety is usually expressed by the safety factor ‘n’ given as,

n = maximum load / actual load = Fmax / F

and it follows that :

if n = 1 then the component is on the point of failure

if n < 1 then the component is in a failed state

if n > 1 then the component is safe.

Accordingly the study region is classified in two zones namely safe and unsafe. The
Factor of Safety contour and distribution map is shown in Figures 5.17 and 5.18
respectively.

Figure 5.17 Factor of safety contour map of Guwahati Region

102 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 5.18 Factor of safety zonation map of Guwahati Region

5.11 SITE CLASSIFICATION

Site classification of Guwahati Region is already discussed in Chapter 3 and

shown in Figure 5.19.

Figure 5.19 Site classification map of Guwahati Region

Chapter 5 103

5.12 PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION

PGA is estimated in Guwahati Region by two methods as discussed in Chapter 4,

but for the microzonation purpose PGA estimated by F-K integration is used and is
also shown in Figure 5.20.

Figure 5.20 Peak Ground Acceleration (computed by F-K integration) map of

Guwahati Region
 CHAPTER 6

Seismic Microzonation on GIS Platform

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Seismic microzonation is a process that involves incorporation of geological,

seismological and geotechnical concerns into economically, sociologically and
politically justifiable and defensible landuse planning for earthquake effects so that
architects and engineers can site and design structures that will be less susceptible
to damage during major earthquakes. This exercise is similar to the macro level
hazard evaluation requiring more rigorous inputs about site specific geological
conditions, ground response to earthquake motions and their effect on the safety of
constructions taking into consideration the design aspects of buildings, ground
conditions which would enhance the earthquake effects like the liquefaction of soils,
the ground water conditions and the static and dynamic characteristics of foundation
or of the stability of slopes in the hilly terrain. To be useful, microzonation should
provide general guidelines for the types of new structures that are most suited to an
area. It should also provide information on the relative damage potential of the existing
structures in a region. It follows, therefore, that if the principles of microzonation are
correctly and judiciously applied, they could be useful in establishing criteria for
landuse planning and a strategy for the formulation of a systematic and informed
decision-making process, for the sitting and development of new communities in
areas that are made hazardous by nature.

Seismic microzonation employs the following methodologies:

1. Liquefaction hazard mapping,

106 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

2. Prognosis of Scenario Earthquake Magnitude (SEM),

3. Attenuation relationship and Ground Motion Synthesis,

4. Site-specific ground motion studies, namely estimation of site effects, Peak

Ground Acceleration (PGA), Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) and Response
Spectra, and

5. Geomorphological characterization.

Seismic Microzonation mapping essentially requires (a) bedrock topography,

(b) subsoil profile, (c) soil site classification, (d) PGA and PGV mapping, (e) liquefaction
potential mapping, (f) geomorphological characterization, and (g) seismic hazard
scenario. A typical Seismic Microzonation framework from seismicity to vulnerability
assessment is depicted in the roadmap as given in Figure 6.1.
Chapter 6 107

Figure 6.1: A typical seismic microzonation framework from Seismicity to Risk

Assessment
108 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

6.2 GIS INTEGRATION LOGIC

6.2.1 Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) employs a matrix of pair-wise comparisons

(ratios) between the factors. This matrix is constructed by eliciting values of relative
importance on a scale of 1 to 9 ; 1 meaning that the two factors are equally important,
and 9 indicating that one factor is more important than the other. If a factor is less
important than others, it is indicated by reciprocals of the 1 to 9 values (i.e., 1/1 to 1/
9). The process of allocating weights is a subjective one and can be done in
participatory mode in which a group of decision makers may be encouraged to reach
a consensus of opinions about the relative importance of factors.

The matrix developed by pair-wise comparisons between the factors can be used to
derive the individual normalized weights of each factor. It is performed by calculating
the principal eigenvector of the matrix. This results in a matrix of values that are in
the range of 0 to 1 and sum to ‘1’ in each column. The weights for each attribute can
be calculated by averaging the values in each row of the matrix. These weights will
also sum to ‘1’ and can be used in deriving the weighted sums of rating or scores for
each region of cells or polygon of the mapped layers.

Since the values within each thematic map/layer vary significantly, they are classified
into various ranges or types, which are known as the features of a layer. These
features are then assigned ratings or scores within each layer, normalized to ensure
that no layer exerts an influence beyond its determined weight. Therefore, a raw
rating for each feature of every layer is allocated initially on a standard scale such as
1 to 10 and then normalized using the relation,

R j - Rmin
xj = ................................................................. (6.1)
Rmax - Rmin

where, Rj is the raw score, Rmin and Rmax are the minimum and maximum scores of a
particular layer.
Chapter 6 109

6.3 GIS INTEGRATION AND MICROZONATION MODEL

For Seismic Microzonation and Hazard delineation of the above themes, both
Geomophological and Seismological themes are reclassified into a 1st phase
geohazard map and 2nd phase Seismic Microzonation map with PGA distribution for
a SEM of Mw 8.7. A typical two phase Microzonation procedure from hazard zonation
to regional hazard zonation mapping on GIS platform and finally to Seismic
Microzonation is shown in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2 Microzonation Framework for Seismic Hazard Mapping

110 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

The Geological vector layers that have been used for microzonation include Geology
and Geomorphology (GG), Basement (BS), Landslide hazard (LS) and Land Use
(LU), while the seismological themes are Shear wave velocity (Vs30), Site Response
(SR), Peak Ground Acceleration(PGA), Predominant Frequency (PF), and Factor of
Safety (FS).

The Geological and Seismological themes are weighted in scale of 9:1 depending on
their contribution to the seismic hazard, the highest being attached to Geological &
Geomorphological layer with a normalized weight of 0.2000. Basement has got the
next weightage with a normalized value of 0.1778; Landslide hazard and Landuse
have got the next weightage with normalized value of 0.1556 and 0.1333 whereas the
Vs30, PGA, SR, PF and FS are assigned the values 0.1111, 0.0889, 0.0667, 0.0444
and 0.0222 respectively.

A matrix of pair-wise comparisons (ratio) between the factors is built, which is used
to derive the individual normalized weights of each factor. The pair-wise comparison
is performed by calculating the principal eigen vector of the matrix and the elements
of the matrix are in the range of 0 to 1 summing to ‘1’ in each column. The weights for
each theme can be calculated by averaging the values in each row of the matrix.
These weights will also sum to ‘1’ and can be used in deriving the weighted sum of
rating or scores of each region of cells or polygons of the mapped layers. Since the
values within each thematic map/layer vary significantly, those are classified into
various ranges or types known as the features of a layer. These features are then
assigned ratings (r) or scores within each layer, normalized to 0-1 as shown in Table
6.1 below.
Chapter 6 111

Table 6.1 : Normalized feature ratings of the thematic maps

Theme Weight Feature Rating Normalized

Rating

Geology (GG) 0.2000 River, Water

Bodies & Swampy area 8 1.0000
Active Flood Plain 7 0.8571
Natural Levee 6 0.7143
Pediment 5 0.5714
Sonapur Surface 4 0.4286
Digaru Surface 3 0.2857
Bordang Surface 2 0.1429
Denuded Hills 1 0.0000

Basement (BS) 0.1778 >600 7 1.0000

500-600 6 0.8333
400-500 5 0.6667
300-400 4 0.5000
200-300 3 0.3333
100-200 2 0.1667
<50-100 1 0.0000
Landslide 0.1556 High Hazard Zone 4 1.0000
Hazard (LS) Medium Hazard Zone 3 0.6667

Low Hazard Zone 2 0.3333

River, Sand Bar &
Hazard Free Zone 1 0.0000

Landuse (LU) 0.1333 Residential Area 7 1.0000

Educational, Army /
Police Reserve,
Commercial area 6 0.8333
112 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Theme Weight Feature Rating Normalized

Rating

Sandbars, River Island

& Swampy area 5 0.6667
Field/ open space &
Agricultural Area 4 0.5000
Residential Areas in Hill 3 0.3333
Hill with dense &
light forest 2 0.1667
River, water
bodies/ Beel 1 0.0000

Shear Wave 0.1111 200-240 m/s 4 1.0000

30
Velocity (Vs ) 240-280 m/s 3 0.6667
280-320 m/s 2 0.3333
320-360 m/s 1 0.0000

Peak Ground 0.0889 >= 0.75 g 6 1.0000

Acceleration 0.60 – 0.75 g 5 0.8000
( PGA) 0.45 – 0.60 g 4 0.6000
0.30 – 0.45 g 3 0.4000
0.15 – 0.30 g 2 0.2000
< 0.15 g 1 0.0000

Site Response 0.0667 >= 5.5 5 1.0000

(SR) 4.5 - 5.5 4 0.7500
3.0 - 4.5 3 0.5000
1.5 - 3.0 2 0.2500
<1.5 1 0.0000
Chapter 6 113

Theme Weight Feature Rating Normalized

Rating

Predominant 0.0444 <0.5 Hz 8 1.0000

Frequency (PF) 0.5-1.0 Hz 7 0.8571
1.0-2.0 Hz 6 0.7143
2.0-3.0 Hz 5 0.5714
3.0-4.0 Hz 4 0.4286
4.0 - 5.0 Hz 3 0.2857
5.0 - 7.0 Hz 2 0.1429
> 7.0 Hz 1 0.0000

Factor of 0.0222 £1 1 1
Safety (FS) >1 0 0

The seismic hazard zonation map is obtained through the integration of all the above
themes using the following relation

PSHI = GGwGGr+ BSwBSr + LSwLSr + LUwLUr + Vs30w Vs30r+ PGAwPGAr +

SRwSRr + PFwPFr + FSwFSr /Ów .........................................................................................................................
(6.2)

The notations have their usual meanings.

Five zones are mapped as shown in Figure 6.3 where average Hazard index is 0.55,
0.44, 0.35, 0.26 and 0.16. We termed these zones as very high, high, moderate, low
and very low hazard regions. Figure 6.4 shows microzonation map of Guwahati region
overlaid by PGA computed by Green’s Function approximation.
114 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 6.3 Seismic Microzonation Map of Guwahati Region (using PGA computed by
F-K integration)

Figure 6.4 Seismic Microzonation Map of Guwahati Region with PGA (Green’s Function
Approach) contours overlaid
 CHAPTER 7

Generation of Strong Motion Data for Greater Guwahati

City Region

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Buildings and other structures in Guwahati city are facing highest seismic risk.
Therefore, collection of strong motion data and analysis of site response of Guwahati
city is essential for better estimation of hazard level in the Greater Guwahati region
and this will provide valuable input for improvement of earthquake resistant design of
structures. The geology and seismotectonics of the region have been well documented
by Nandy (2001). Figure 7.1 shows the seismicity map of the NE India and adjoining
region.

7.2 FREE-FIELD GROUND MOTION

In this work, twelve numbers of Strong Motion Accelerograph stations are to be installed
at twelve sites in different part of the Greater Guwahati City area for recording free-
field ground acceleration during earthquakes. These twelve sites have been selected
on the basis of sub-soil and bedrock characteristics. RCC sheds as shown in Figure
7.2 have been constructed in nine sites and in all such sites accelerographs (Figure
7.3) have already been installed. At one of the sites, IIT Guwahati, first event has
been recorded on 18th September 2005. The source of the event has been located at
Indo-Myanamar border (24.64°N, 94.81°E). The magnitude and focal depth of the
event were Mw = 5.7 and 82km respectively. The peak ground acceleration of the
recorded motion is 0.013g.
116 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 7.1 Seismicity map of the NE India and adjoining region (after Nandy, 2001)
Chapter 7 117

Figure 7.2 SMA station at IIT Guwahati Figure 7.3 SM Recorder (Etna)

Subsequently, six events have been recorded in different strong motion stations of
the array established under the ongoing project. Details of the sources of these
events along with the corresponding magnitude have been furnished in the Table 7.1.
The sample ground motions recorded during these events are shown in the Figures
7.4 - 7.11.

Table 7.1: Details of the sources of the recorded events

Date Magnitude
Epicenter Focal Depth (km)
(Mw)

11/2/2006 3.1 27.6°N, 92.3°E 43.5

14/2/2006 5.1 27.7°N, 88.8°E 20.1

23/2/2006 5.7 27.2°N, 92.0°E 33.0

12/8/2006 4.9 24.696°N, 92.755°E 46.2

06/11/2006 5.2 24.736°N, 95.223°E 122.6

10/11/2006 4.9 24.559°N, 92.320°E 43.1

118 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00574383g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00480412g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.002539g)

Figure 7.4 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station - AEC, Guwahati

(26.141911°N, 91.661072°E) on 14-02-2006
Chapter 7 119

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00701352g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00665233g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00283862g)

Figure 7.5 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station - AMTRON, Guwahati

(26.185734°N, 91.786102°E) on 14-02-2006
120 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00415908g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00428824g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00242985g)

Figure 7.6 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – Cotton College, Guwahati
(26.187580°N, 91.743896°E) on 16-11-2006
Chapter 7 121

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00521703g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00449623g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00158163g)

Figure 7.7 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – IIT Guwahati Hill Top
(26.187580o N, 91.743896 o E) on 06-11-2006
122 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00223029g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00165971g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00105951g)

Figure 7.8 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – IIT Guwahati (MED)
(26.187481°N, 91.690567°E) on 06-11-2006
Chapter 7 123

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00196243g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00238582g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00129389g)

Figure 7.9 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – CEO: Irrigation Guwahati
(26.184713°N, 91.772697°E) on 06-11-2006
124 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

(a) North-South Component of (PGA= 0.00435117g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.00493412g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00201165g)

Figure 7.10 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – RRL Guwahati

(26.158409°N, 91.735542°E) on 06-11-2006
Chapter 7 125

(a) North-South Component (PGA= 0.00567693g)

(b) East-West Component (PGA= 0.0066388g)

(c) Vertical Component (PGA= 0.00187761g)

Figure 7.11 Strong motion accelerograms recorded at station – S. D. Kalakhetra, Guwahati

(26.132675°N, 91.821747°E) on 12-08-2006
126 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

7.3 AVERAGE NORMALIZED PSEUDO ACCELERATION SPECTRUM

Response spectrum is a practical means of characterizing ground motions and their

effects on structures. The response spectrum provides a convenient means to
summarize the peak responses of all possible linear single degree of freedom
systems to a particular component of ground motion. In this study, pseudo
acceleration spectra for eight strong motion stations have been developed using
recorded ground motions at the respective stations. These spectra are then
normalized by the respective peak ground accelerations. Finally, average normalized
pseudo acceleration spectra obtained for each of the eight strong motion stations
are shown in Figures 7.12 - 7.19. The spectrum shapes are representative of the sub-
soil conditions of the respective sites.

7.4 GROUND MOTION ESTIMATION AT GUWAHATI DUE TO A

HYPOTHETICAL Mw 7.5 EARTHQUAKE IN THE INDO-MYANMAR
BORDER REGION

Out of the seven geologic-tectonic provinces in the NE region, the Myanmar-India

region is basically a subduction zone. It appears to be continuous with Andaman-
Nicobar ridge to the south. The past seismicity data indicates that Myanmar-India
region is capable of producing earthquakes of moment magnitude 7.5 (Bhattacharya
and Kayal, 2003). Recently, the strong motion instrument installed in IIT Guwahati
triggered due to a Mw 5.7 earthquake with its epicenter in the Myanmar-India border
region. The three components acceleration time histories are shown in Figure 7.20.
After the 26th December, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, there have been
speculations among the seismologists that some adjustments are taking place in
this subduction zone and there can be a great earthquake in the NE region. In view
of this, it would be important to understand how the ground would respond in case
of an earthquake event of magnitude Mw = 7.5 occurring in the Myanmar-India
border region, at a distance of 350km from Guwahati.

In engineering practice, acceleration time history is the most sought after information
during an earthquake. It is well known that high frequency accelerations resulting
from complex faulting and medium irregularities are impossible to
Chapter 7 127

be modeled in a simple deterministic manner. The complex layering and

inhomogeneous make up of the near regional path overshadows many other effects
to lead to random process like accelerograms. Nevertheless, within the scope of
linear system theory, Green’s function or impulse response function holds the key
to the final solution. This function is the surface level response of the region under
consideration to a buried impulsive double couple applied at an arbitrary point.
Thus, small magnitude earthquakes with point-like sources could provide a clue to
the regional Green’s Function. In practice, since a point source is an idealization,
suitable scaling is necessary in estimating Empirical Green’s Function (EGF). Hartzell
(1978) proposed that records of small magnitude earthquakes occurring near the
main shock fault plane could be taken as EGF in simulating the ground motion for
the target region. In this approach, the main shock fault plane is divided into sub-
faults of equal size. The number of such sub-faults is determined from the scaling
law of Kanamori and Anderson (1975). Each sub-fault is taken to produce the
recorded accelerogram of the aftershock or small magnitude event, with a correction
factor as suggested by Frankel (1995). Each such accelerogram is delayed at the
surface station to account for rupture time and travel time from the various sub-faults
that make up the main fault. The complete details of the EGF methodology are
available in Iyengar and Raghukanth (2005). The details of the Mw 5.7 earthquake,
used here as EGF and the hypothetical earthquake are given in Table 7.1. The strike
and dip of the fault plane is taken as 281° and 46° which are same as that of the Mw
5.7 earthquake. The length and width of the fault plane for the hypothetical event
estimated from magnitude are taken as 110km x 50km (Wells and Coppersmith,
1994). The simulated acceleration time histories for Guwahati city during the
hypothetical event are shown in Figure 7.21. This method estimates the PGA at
Guwahati city due to a hypothetical earthquake of Mw 7.5 occurring in Myanmar-
India region as 0.1g. Similar studies will be undertaken for simulation of ground
motions around greater Guwahati Region corresponding to all possible sources in
the NE region.
128 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 7.12 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for AEC Guwahati
site (26.141911°N, 91.661072°E)
Chapter 7 129

Figure 7.13 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for AMTRON

Guwahati site (26.185734°N, 91.786102°E)
130 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 7.14 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for Cotton College
Guwahati site (26.187580°N, 91.743896°E)
Chapter 7 131

Figure 7.15 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for IIT Guwahati
hill top site (26.193830°N, 91.692047°E)
132 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 7.16 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for IIT

Guwahati -MED site (26.187481°N, 91.690567°E)
Chapter 7 133

Figure 7.17 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for CEO- Irrigation
Guwahati site (26.184713°N, 91.772697°E)
134 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 7.18 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for RRL Guwahati
site (26.158409°N, 91.735542°E)
Chapter 7 135

Figure 7.19 Average normalized pseudo-acceleration response spectrum for S.D. Kalakhetra
Guwahati site (26.132675°N, 91.821747°E)
136 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Table 7.2: Parameters of the hypothetical earthquake and the EGF

Date Magnitude (Mw) Epicenter Focal Depth (km)

Hypothetical 7.5 24.64°N 94.81°E 82
18 / 9 / 2005 5.7 24.64°N 94.81°E 82

Figure 7.20 Three components of accelerograms of the event recorded on

September 18, 2005

Figure 7.21 Simulated accelerograms at IIT Guwahati due to the hypothetical

Earthquake of magnitude Mw = 7.5 in Indo-Myanmar Border
 CHAPTER 8

Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings for Guwahati

8.1 INTRODUCTION

The primary emphasis in disaster management has been placed on the performance
of structures, the failure of which would pose direct risk to life and property. Survey
and assessment of existing building stocks for earthquake vulnerability risk is
necessary to formulate the seismic hazard map of a city.

The seismic vulnerability study comprises mainly review of the existing buildings of
Guwahati in the light of guidelines for earthquake resistant construction in India,
construction practices being adopted in Guwahati urban area, building typologies,
designing of questionnaire for detail survey of buildings of the Guwahati municipal
area, selection of representative building samples for detailed analysis and NDT,
and creation of database. Subsequently, seismic vulnerability of existing building
stock estimated quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative approach covers
demand-capacity computation, while qualitative procedure estimates structural
scores using Rapid Screening Procedures (RSP). The results are mapped using
ArcInfo and GIS, which are later synergized with seismic hazard microzonation to
deliver seismic risk.

8.2 EXISTING BUILDING SCENARIO IN GUWAHATI URBAN AREA

India has a very complex socio-cultural environment and its built environment
encompasses the widest possible range from non-engineered dwellings built with
traditional skills to the most modern buildings, and Guwahati is no exception. The
Guwahati urban area under study (the municipal area) is spread over 262 sq. km.
comprising of 60 wards.
138 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

8.2.1 Building Category (source: Vulnerability Atlas of India,1999)

The specifications, which are predominantly seen in and around Guwahati are
underlined and put in bold letters.

Type-A: Buildings in field-stone, rural structures–bamboo reinforced biomass

wall cladding – thatched/ CI sheet roof , unburnt brick house, clay houses

Type-B: Ordinary brick building – Brick Masonry Wall – 6”X6” corner columns
with lintel bend and tie – timber trussed CI sheet roof, buildings of the large
block and prefabricated type, half-timbered structures, building in natural hewn stone

Type-C: Reinforced Concrete Building – Engineered & Non-Engineered, well

built wooden structures

Type-X: Other types not covered in A, B, C.

The majority of houses in the villages around Guwahati urban area is of ‘Assam
Type’ categorized in TYPE-B - (a) brick masonry wall, 6”X6” R.C. Column, lintel
band, tie and with Timber truss. (b) bamboo reinforced Biomass Wall cladding with
roofs made of thatch of bamboo supported on bamboo purloins. This building has
very low vulnerability.

The existing building stock in municipal area of Guwahati city is comprised of RC

framed structure (TYPE-C - around 80%). These dwelling units are mainly 2 to 3
storey with 3.0 to 3.3 m storey height. Most of the residential dwelling units are non-
engineered, but has earthquake resistant elements in-built viz. tie beams and column
sizes are minimum 250mm X 250mm. In most of such buildings, the column
reinforcements are 4-16 TOR. There are few such buildings, which were built around
1965-70 and are reinforced with mild steel.

There has been phenomenal increase in construction of multi-storied apartment

and commercial buildings, which are mostly G+5 to G+7 RC building. These buildings
are engineered in a sense that the buildings are designed by engineers as per
IS:1893-1984, which has been made mandatory by GMDA about 10 years ago.
Chapter 8 139

Figure 8.1 Existing building typologies in Guwahati urban area

140 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Figure 8.2 Existing building typologies in Guwahati urban area

8.3 PAST ATTEMPTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABILITY

The Vulnerability Atlas of India (1999) detailed out housing vulnerability tables wherein
damage risk levels for earthquakes are defined based on the intensity scales such
as Very High, High, Moderate, Low, and Very Low, and the categorization of houses
has been carried out based on the distribution of houses by predominant materials
of roof and wall, according to 1991 Census of India. The state-wise Vulnerability
Atlas, describing district-wise damage risk due to earthquake, wind and flood has
been prepared. A demographic distribution map of Guwahati region is shown in
Figure 8.3. Accordingly, the earthquake damage risk associated for Guwahati urban
area varies from very low, low and medium for Type-A, Type-B, and Type-C houses
respectively. There has not been any other reported literature on seismic vulnerability
of existing building stocks of Guwahati urban area, which is one of the important
modules for any Seismic Hazard and Risk Management (SHRM) study. A
combination of local hazard intensity and vulnerability of existing house types has
Chapter 8 141

been used for carrying out risk analysis given in the district-wise tables. The
Vulnerability Atlas, thus, provides ready macro-level information for use by the
authorities for natural disaster mitigation and preventive actions. The types of housing
as existing in each district has been taken from the 1991 Census of India and
categorized from vulnerability consideration. The vulnerability of these types to
various intensities of the hazards was estimated by and the damage risk in each
district has been presented in a separate table. The area of the district prone to
various hazard intensities has also been shown. In the present study we achieved
a preliminary seismic risk map using the PGA computed by F-K integration method
as shown in Figure 8.5. The Microzonation map was integrated with Demographic
distribution of the region. Table 8.1 is showing the normalized feature rating for risk
estimation of the region. The preliminary seismic risk map presented here is
recommended for decision making purpose.

Figure 8.3 Demographic distribution map of Guwahati Region

142 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

8.4 THE MACRO - HAZARD MAPS

The monitoring of earthquake hazards In India is carried out by Indian Meteorological

Department (IMD). In addition, noteworthy contributions are made by Geological
Survey of India and the Department of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Roorkee in this
regard. The Bureau of Indian Standards Committees on Earthquake Engineering
has a Seismic Zoning Map. The earthquake hazard maps are drawn for each State
and UT separately. Various district boundaries are clearly shown for easy identification
of the hazard risk prone areas. The intensities of earthquakes on MSK scale are
drawn on the maps to show various intensity zones.

8.5 SEISMIC EVALUATION METHODOLOGY

Indian buildings built over past two decades are seismically deficient because of
lack of awareness regarding seismic behavior of structure, constant upgradation of
knowledge as regards earthquake resistant design and construction. Also seismic
design is not practiced in most of the buildings being built. It calls for seismic
evaluation of existing building stocks in an area.

Evaluation is a complex process, which has to consider not only the design of
building but also the deterioration of the material and damage caused to the building,
if any. The difficulties faced in the seismic evaluation of a building are manifold.
There is no reliable information/database available for existing building stock,
construction practices, in-situ strength of material and components of the building.
The seismic evaluation mainly relies on set of general evaluation statements. The
unavailability of a reliable estimate of earthquake parameters, to which the building
is expected to be subjected during its residual life poses another challenge.
Probabilistic approach to evolve needful parameters, would call for elaborate studies.
Hence, for preliminary appraisal, the ground motion parameters available in the
present code (BIS, 2002) have been estimated at the macro level. As regards the
effect of local soil conditions, which are known to greatly modify the earthquake
ground motion, experiences of ground accentuation and data generated through
collateral studies on site response have been considered. Also, in view of above
constraints, the present study is limited to seismic evaluation of representative
buildings of different typology viz. Type-A (Mud/RR Masonry, Adobe), Type-B (Brick
Chapter 8 143

Masonry Buildings), and Type-C (RCC Buildings), and projects a generalized pattern
of building response to future seismic ground motion in different wards/zones of
Guwahati urban area.

The approach for assessment of seismic vulnerability of buildings involves estimation

of seismic vulnerability of existing building stock quantitatively and qualitatively.
The quantitative approach, covers demand-capacity computation (ATC-40, 1996),
while qualitative procedure estimates structural scores based on national and
international state-of-the-art procedures viz. Rapid Screening Procedure (ATC-21,
1988; ATC-21-1,1988). The seismic evaluation leading to seismic vulnerability of
existing building stock at Guwahati has been estimated quantitatively and
qualitatively. The general procedures for seismic evaluation of existing buildings
adopted in the present study are: site visit and data collection; selection and review
of evaluation statements; follow-up fieldwork; and analysis of buildings by quantitative
and qualitative approach. The work presented here is aimed at carrying out seismic
vulnerability of existing building stock to prognosticate the damage pattern of existing
building stocks of Guwahati urban area in the advent of future earthquake.

8.6 QUALITATIVE APPROACH - RAPID VISUAL SCREENING OF

BUILDINGS

The methodology adopted in carrying out the survey and indexing damage potential
to various buildings is in line with the proposed methodology by Ministry of Home
Affairs (MHA), India and is based on the classification of buildings as per MSK
Intensity scale. The Rapid Visual Screening Form as shown in Table 8.1 was used
for collecting building data. A total of 4500 nos. of sample buildings spread over 60
ward were surveyed and the building data has been electronically warehoused for
future analytical work.

The study found that most of the residential buildings in Guwahati are constructed
based on socio-economic consideration rather than engineering approach. The
majority of building stock (about 80%) composed of Type-C buildings. The TYPE-A
and TYPE-B buildings in residential area (about 20 %) are though non-engineered,
they have earthquake resistant construction features inbuilt in them.
144 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

General construction of RC framed buildings are of nominal concrete of M15 grade

(1:2:4) ranging from 3 to 4 story with story height of 3.00 to 3.30m (Type-C Structures)
having RCC slab of 100-120mm thickness and 125-250mm thick brick masonry in
cement mortar (1:6) as infill. The apartment buildings authorized by GMDA and
GMC are well engineered, as the procedure of obtaining permission for such
buildings are rigorous with a structural engineer as RTP (Registered Technical
Personnel) in addition to the registered architect. The geotechnical investigation for
such buildings is mandatory – rendering the substructure design more reliable.
These RC buildings are designed for earthquake load as per IS: 1893 – 1984/2002.
The detailing part of these buildings is of-course not as good as their design effort
and around 20% of these buildings are deficient in ductility provisions as enumerated
in IS: 1920-1993 (BIS, 1993a).

As mentioned earlier, there has been phenomenal increase in construction of multi-

storied apartment and commercial buildings, which are mostly G+5 to G+7 RC
building. These buildings are engineered in a sense that the buildings are designed
by engineers as per IS:1893 , which has been made mandatory by GMDA about 10
years ago, but 20% of them are found deficient while quantitative analysis was
done as per newly amended IS:1893-2002. Implementation of BIS code provisions
regarding earthquake resistant design (BIS, 2002) and construction as given in IS:
4326-1993 (BIS, 1993b) were found to be absent almost in all the non-engineered
TYPE-C residential buildings.
Chapter 8 145

TABLE 8.1

SAMPLE OF RAPID VISUAL SCREEING FORMS

MORE THAN 4500 SUCH FORMS ARE GENERATED AND DIGIATLLY

WAREHOUSED FOR GIS MAPPING. ALL THIS FORMS ARE ALSO CONVERTED
TO DATA FILES IN MICROSOFT EXCEL & ACCESS FORMAT FOR COLLATION,
AND DATA ATTRIBUTION
146 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

8.6.1 Questionnaire – Add on to Rapid Visual Screening

Designing of questionnaire comprising of set of evaluation statements is the first

and foremost step for any seismic vulnerability analysis. The questionnaire helped
the surveyor to determine any weak links in the structure that could precipitate
structural or component failure. For pre-earthquake seismic evaluation of existing
building stocks there is no standard questionnaire at international & national levels.
Hence, a need was felt to design exhaustive questionnaire to uncover the flaws
and weaknesses of buildings/built environment. In the backdrop of available
practices being adopted all over the globe, a comprehensive questionnaire has
been designed. The questionnaire involves the use of sets of evaluation statements
which cover structural configuration and specification, condition of structure and
ambience, scenario of distress in non-structural components, seismic vulnerability
parameters, damage during previous earthquake and repairs carried out thereof,
and assessment of scientist/surveyor. The questions are in the form of fill-in-the-
blanks and evaluation statements highlighting building characteristics which are
essential to avoid failures during earthquake.

8.7 SITE VISIT & BUILDING SURVEY - ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS OF

GUWAHATI URBAN AREA

The region delineated under Guwahati Metropolitan Area measures 262 sq. km.
includes Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) area, North Guwahati Town
Committee, Amingaon Census Town and 21 revenue villages which are under :
Abhaypur, Rudreswar, Namati Jalah, Gouripur, Silamohekaiti, Tilingaon, Shila,
Ghorajan, Mikirpara, Kahikuchi, Kahikuchi, Mirjapur, Jugipara, Borjhar, Garal Gaon,
Dharapur, Janisimalu & Jansimalu (NC), Kalitakuchi(NC), Kharghuli, Bonda,
Bondagaon and Bonda Grant, (I&II) and Birkuchi. In addition to the above area,
there is Narangi Cantonment area, Guwahati Refinery (IOCL) area, and NF railway
Colony.

In order to evaluate seismic vulnerability of huge number of building stocks in

Guwahati urban area, house to house survey was carried out – involving physical
measurement to get accurate building footprint, chain-age of building reference
Chapter 8 147

point, and collection of socio-economic data. The comprehensive house to house

survey was limited to Guwahati Municipal area, which is divided into 60 numbers of
municipal wards as delineated by Guwahati Municipal Corporation. These 60 wards
are taken as zone in the present analysis. In addition, Marengo Cantonment Area,
Refinery area, NF railway area and surrounding revenue villages have been
considered as a separate zone. Detailed house to house survey of existing buildings
stocks of each ward has been conducted. These entire wards do not show any
cluster formation making it imperative to collect data from each building carrying
out house to house survey. This exercise took considerable time to complete. The
other demarcated area viz. cantt. Refinery and railway colony area in Maligaon has
well defined cluster formation and therefore building footprints are being generated
from satellite imagery. Surveys of representative samples from these areas are
carried out. The revenue villages around Guwahati are kept out of the survey as all
these villages are mostly dominated by houses built from bamboo reinforced biomass
as cladding and thatched/GI sheet roofing, which have very low vulnerability.
However, footprints of these building stocks are being incorporated from satellite
imagery with the detail attribution except the building type to get complete picture.

Figure 8.4 Guwahati urban area with wards delineated

148 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Table 8.2: The weights and normalized ratings for integrations of risk assessment

Theme Weight Feature Rating Normalized

Rating

Microzonation 0.50 >= 0.50 5 1.0000

0.40 – 0.50 4 0.7500
0.30 – 0.40 3 0.5000
0.20 – 0.30 2 0.2500
< 0.20 1 0.0000
Demography 0.50 30,000 - 33,846 10 1.0000
27,000 - 30,000 9 0.8889
24,000 - 27,000 8 0.7778
21,000 - 24,000 7 0.6667
18,000 - 21,000 6 0.5556
15,000 - 18,000 5 0.4444
12,000 - 15,000 4 0.3333
9,000 - 12,000 3 0.2222
6,000 - 9,000 2 0.1111
3,000 - 6,000 1 0.0000
Chapter 8 149

Figure 8.5 Preliminary Seismic Population Risk map of Guwahati urban center
(Using the PGA computed by wave number integration method)

8.8 DETAILED SURVEY OF SELECTED BUILDINGS

Apart from filling-up of questionnaire for the selected buildings, surveyor has to
inspect the health of structure critically to assess its seismic resistance. In the
process, surveyor has to face several difficulties. The foremost problem is of
uncovering the structure. In many buildings the structure is concealed by architectural
finishes, and the surveyor will have to get into attics, and crawl spaces.
Non-availability of plans, and design calculations are yet another problem, and is
particularly frustrating with respect to reinforced concrete work. Assessing material
quality and associated allowable stresses are also difficult preposition, and one has
to rely on local available reports/information or otherwise one has to go for destructive
testing, which is seldom possible. Destructive and non-destructive testing of
reinforced concrete and masonry elements are necessary to determine strength
and quality of construction. The rebound hammer was used to assess the
150 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

compressive strength of concrete structural members, wherever access is provided

in reinforced concrete structure. If reinforcement details are available, a limited
amount of exposure of critical reinforcement is needed to verify conformity to the
plans/structural details. If the plans are not available, the quality of reinforcement is
assessed by exposing reinforcement to a limited extent.

The Rapid Visual Screening Procedure (RVSP) is aimed to identify potentially

hazardous buildings in the study area, without going into detailed analysis. RVSP
utilizes a methodology based on visual inspection of a building and noting the
structural configuration. The methodology begins with identifying the primary
structural lateral load resisting system and materials of the building. The method
generates a Structural Score ‘S’, which consists of a series of ‘scores’ and modifiers
based on building attributes that can be seen during detailed survey. The Structural
Score ‘S’ is related to probability of the building sustaining life-threatening damage
in the event of occurrence of a severe earthquake in the region. A low S score
suggests that the building is vulnerable and needs detailed analysis, whereas a
high ‘S’ score indicates that the building is probably adequate. RVSP helps in
developing a list of potentially hazardous buildings without a high cost of detailed
analysis of each building.

The sample survey was carried out for about 4500 buildings spread over 60 wards
of Guwahati municipal area, out of which about 5% are of Type A, 15 % are of Type
B and 80% are of Type-C.

8.9 QUANTITATIVE APPROACH – DEMAND CAPACITY RATIO

For quantitative approach, DCR computation has been used for mainly Type C
buildings and later it is related with the possible failure modes. Few Type B buildings
were taken up for DCR analysis to understand the vulnerability of typical masonry
structure existing in the area.
Chapter 8 151

8.10 QUANTITATIVE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF MASONRY

BUILDINGS

Since earthquake is a random process, all the load bearing walls in a structure are
to be evaluated for their shear resistance. The demand placed by an earthquake
i.e. lateral forces at various levels, as per IS:1893-2002, along with gravity load
calculations were carried out for sample buildings, and later check in terms of
Demand Capacity ratio (DCR) for shear resistance, combined stress, overturning,
and stability of non-structural failures for long and short walls. The capacity of wall
is defined as its allowable stress depending upon mortar type in accordance with
the relevant codal provisions. The DCR greater than unity, indicates that the building
is seismically vulnerable in respective criterion, whereas DCR less than one implies
the building to be safe under earthquake loads. As indicated earlier, earthquake
demands for better shear resistance and hence the DCR in shear should be less
than one, otherwise the building will have diagonal (X) cracking. The DCR greater
than one for combined stresses means that the building is not even designed for
gravity loads and would lead to collapse on seismic shaking. The failures in
overturning corroborate falling of walls. The check for non-structural element implies
the falling hazard of parapet wall. The above analogy has been used to estimate
seismic vulnerability in terms of various failure modes i.e. collapse, excessive
cracking, falling of walls including parapet walls. The city of Guwahati fortunately
does not have many load bearing structures, and the only area where such structures
are located are the NF Railway colony, where all the official residences are on load
bearing wall structure ranging from one to even three stories.

8.11 QUANTITATIVE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF RC BUILDINGS

In order to critically evaluate the RC framed buildings, selected building sample

were modeled using sophisticated structural analysis software under combination
of earthquakes and other wards for computing the member end forces in each
structural member. Apart from the dead and live loads, the structure is analyzed for
design basis earthquake (DBE) loads, the earthquake loads which can reasonably
be expected to occur at least once during the lifetime of the structure. Accordingly
dead load, live load and their combination as suggested in IS-1893-2002 have
152 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

been considered for analysis. The analysis directly computes member end forces
and then each member is designed for worst load combination. The design module
of analysis engine gives the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for each
member. This reinforcement corresponds to the demand of a member due to
earthquake forces, whereas the actual reinforcement provided in a particular member
would correspond to capacity. In order to calculate the DCRs, the calculated
reinforcement of structural members has been compared with provided
reinforcement. The DCRs for longitudinal and transverse reinforcement reflect
DCRs for flexure and shear of member. The DCRs calculated for flexure and
shear give the idea about inherent ductility and strength of member to ensure safety
& serviceability during severe shocks.

The DCR greater than one for flexure indicates that the longitudinal reinforcement
in columns & beams are inadequate leading to failure. The possibility of failure of
such buildings is excessive cracking leading to collapse. Whereas DCR greater
than one in shear indicates that the lateral ties provided are not sufficient leading to
brittle failures i.e. catastrophic failure. In this case, there is possibility of diagonal
cracking in structural elements. The check for non-structural element implies the
falling hazard of parapet wall. Based upon above analogy, DCRs for flexure, shear
and non-structural members leading to estimate seismic vulnerability in terms of
failure modes i.e. excessive cracking, diagonal cracking and falling hazard
respectively for few representative RC buildings have been computed.
Chapter 8 153

Figure 8.6 DCR ANALYSIS - Few TYPE-C Buildings (Carried out for 25 buildings)
154 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

8.12 PROGNOSTIC DAMAGE SCENARIO OF GUWAHATI URBAN

AREA – ONGOING

The prognostic damage scenario of a ward reflects the structural and non-structural
damages induced in the existing building stocks. The damage scenario of a ward
given here is based on representative building surveyed for different building
typologies and not final and conclusive. It would require the inputs from all the
working subgroups to finally project prognostic damage scenario.

Based on the survey and analysis of data, the seismic vulnerability of Guwahati
urban area obtained through qualitative approach. It is found that Type-A, Type-B
& Type-C buildings are 10%, 40%, & 30% vulnerable respectively from engineering
(design and construction) perpectives.

In order to present the prognostic damage scenario for Guwahati urban area using
quantitative approach, the failure modes of different type of buildings are being
collated. All the Type-A houses are 10% vulnerable since they are built from materials,
which has very low vulnerability to earthquake damage. Unlike in other parts of
India – rural housing in general in northeastern are very light and devoid of use of
load bearing walls and stones. The roofing is very light rendering them very safe
against earthquake. For Type-B buildings, the postulated failure modes have been
categorized as Excessive Cracking (EC); Falling of Walls (FW); Falling Hazard of
non-structural members (FH); and combination thereof - Excessive Cracking +
Falling of Wall (EC+FW); Excessive Cracking + Falling Hazard (EC+FH); Falling of
Wall + Falling Hazard (FW + FH); Excessive Cracking + Falling of Wall + Falling
Hazard (EC + FW + FH); and safe buildings (which do not have any failure). At the
first instance, ward wise seismic vulnerability is being derived, and later the ensemble
is projected to present prognostic damage scenario for Guwahati urban area.
Similarly, the various failure modes for assessing seismic vulnerability of Type-C
buildings are identified as excessive cracking (EC), diagonal cracking (DC); falling
hazard of non-structural members (FH); and combination thereof and safe buildings.
The prognostic damage scenario for Type-C buildings in Guwahati urban area also
being worked out and mapped to present Prognostic Seismic Vulnerability Map of
Buildings in Guwahati. The vulnerability map can be effectively used to project the
risk associated with existing building stock in Guwahati Urban area. Further, these
Chapter 8 155

maps may act as guidance for future planning, risk reduction and disaster mitigation
and management. The Prognostic Seismic Vulnerability Map needs to be
concurrently and continuously updated with the availability of more geo-scientific
and engineering data.
 CHAPTER 9

Concluding Remarks

The seismic ground motion hazard mapped in the Guwahati Region is microzoned
with local and regional site conditions incorporated through GIS. The process of
overlaying, union and finally integration of various geomorphological and
seismological thematic maps are complicated spatial operations that are optimally
performed on GIS environment. The union of geological and geomorphological units,
landuse, landslide hazard and basement zonation provide the background site
condition of the Guwahati Region on which the seismological (site response,
predominant frequency, peak ground acceleration) and geotechnical
(Vs30 and Factor of Safety) attributes are overlaid.

The seismicity analysis of northeast India has been performed and the entire northeast
is classified into four source zones namely zone 1 (Himalayan source), Zone 2 (Mishmi
block), Zone 3 (Eastern Boundary Thrust Zone) and Zone 4 (Shillong plateau). Each
has a potential of generating a great earthquake of magnitude greater than eight and
that can devastate the entire region. An examination of the spatial distributions reveals
relatively higher b values on the upper Tibet-Himalayan area. Low values are seen in
the thrust zones especially in the Central Eastern Boundary Zone of Arakan Yoma
Range indicating high stress buildup in the zone. The historical Shillong earthquake
of Mw 8.7 is employed as the scenario earthquake. The presented Seismic
Microzonation of Guwahati region is, therefore, a seismic scenario for an earthquake
magnitude Mw 8.7 that represents a near source which may nucleate from the focus
of the 1897 Great Shillong Earthquake historically known for its catastrophic effect.
The Microzonation map given in Figure 6.3 obtained by integrating geological and
seismological themes presents five hazard zones namely very low with the average
hazard level 0.16, low with average hazard level 0.26, moderate with average hazard
158 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

level of 0.35, high with hazard level 0.44 and very high having hazard level greater
than 0.55.

Very high hazard zone comes under the site class IIIA where average shear wave
velocity (Vs30) is 228m/s with site amplification is larger than 5.5 and average
predominant frequency is 1.15Hz. Surface geology of this zone is predominantly
active flood plain with pediment, Sonapur surface and some patches of Bordang
surface. In this zone PGA level is very high and greater than 0.81g. Western part of
Guwahati region comes under this zone that covers the area namely Bhattapara,
Garal, Bulla, Singibari, Azpa, Baharbari, Khanapara etc.

High hazard zone comes under site class IIIB where average shear wave velocity
(Vs30) is 260m/s and average predominant frequency is 2.93Hz with average site
amplification of 4.81. Here the surface geology of this zone is predominantly Sonapur
surface, water bodies and pediments. Average PGA level in the zone is 0.52g. This
zone resemble the very high hazard zone and it covers area like Lachitpur, Teteliya,
Mirzapur, Dekapara etc. Guwahati airport incidentally falls within the high hazard
zone.

Moderate hazard zone comes under site class IIIC with average shear wave velocity
(Vs30) is 296m/s. Surface geological feature of the zone is predominantly Bordang
surface with average site amplification of 3.1. Average predominant frequency and
PGA are 5.41Hz and 0.38g respectively. Moderate hazard zone covers the entire
Bordang surface and its habitants like Dispur, Gopinath Nagar, Rehabari, Shantipur,
Chatribari with important installations namely AMTRON, BSNL, Guwahati University
and Irrigation department.

Low and very low hazard zone are under site class IIID which is almost covered by
Hillocks. Average shear wave velocity in the zone is 340m/s while average predominant
frequency is 7.1 Hz. This zone has very low PGA level of 0.11g with low site
amplification of the value less than 1.5. This hazard zone encompasses the region
near eastern flank of Brahmaputra River, in the periphery of hills like Fatasil hill,
Kalapahar hill and some area in the eastern part of the region.
Chapter 9 159

A preliminary seismic population risk map is prepared by integrating microzonation

and demographic distribution of region assigning equal weightage to both of the
themes. High risk zone covers the area namely Baharbari, Garigaon, Sadilapur,
Dawapara, Pubargaon etc. some part of Fatasil hill comes under high risk zone
because of higher demography distribution. Maximum part of the urban centre are
under moderate risk zone like area near Kalapahar hills, Assam state guest house,
Ganeshpara, Odalbakra, Rehabari with important installations namely BSNL,
AMTRON, Guwahati University and Irrigation Department.

The hazard and risk map presented here may be useful for land use planning and
making hazard mitigation decisions. This map is generally better spatial representation
of seismic hazard including site specific analysis, and may be used for recognizing
hazardous areas at regional scale. The geologic site condition map is an initial model
to describe areas that may exhibit different seismic shaking characteristics during
future earthquakes.
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 ANNEXURE I

Homogeneous Earthquake Catalogue (1866 –2006) of

Northeast India

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

(OE) (ON) (km) (Mw)

1866 05 23 87.00 25.00 - 5.5

1868 06 30 91.50 24.50 - 7.5
1870 04 11 99.00 30.00 - 6.7
1879 11 23 98.70 24.60 - 5.0
1897 06 12 91.00 26.00 60.0 8.7
1906 08 31 97.00 27.00 100.0 7.0
1908 12 12 97.50 26.50 35.0 7.5
1909 02 17 87.00 27.00 - 5.0
1911 12 07 88.00 23.00 - 5.0
1914 03 28 99.00 25.00 100.0 6.9
1918 07 08 91.00 24.50 60.0 7.6
1920 08 15 93.20 22.20 - 6.0
1923 06 22 94.00 22.70 35.0 6.0
1923 08 10 93.40 22.60 - 6.0
1923 09 09 91.00 25.25 35.0 7.1
1924 01 30 93.00 25.00 - 6.0
1924 02 14 96.00 26.00 - 6.0
1924 08 13 91.50 29.50 35.0 5.0
1924 09 02 95.00 23.00 - 6.0
198 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1924 10 08 91.00 30.50 35.0 6.5
1926 05 10 96.00 27.00 - 6.3
1926 08 18 94.50 24.50 - 6.0
1926 10 23 93.00 25.00 80.0 6.0
1927 03 15 95.00 24.50 130.0 6.5
1927 05 20 94.50 24.50 - 6.0
1927 07 15 96.00 27.00 - 6.0
1928 07 09 96.00 27.00 - 6.0
1928 08 30 96.00 27.00 - 6.0
1929 03 25 95.00 29.50 35.0 6.0
1929 10 19 96.00 26.70 - 6.0
1930 07 02 90.20 25.80 35.0 7.1
1930 07 03 90.20 25.80 - 6.0
1930 07 04 90.20 25.80 - 6.0
1930 07 08 90.80 25.80 - 6.0
1930 07 11 93.80 25.00 - 6.0
1930 07 13 90.80 25.80 - 6.0
1930 09 22 93.80 25.30 35.0 6.0
1931 01 27 96.80 25.60 35.0 7.6
1931 02 10 96.00 25.50 35.0 5.6
1931 05 27 98.50 27.50 35.0 5.6
1931 10 18 98.00 26.00 35.0 5.6
1932 01 03 98.50 25.50 35.0 5.6
1932 03 06 92.50 25.50 35.0 5.6
1932 03 24 90.00 25.00 35.0 5.6
1932 03 27 92.00 24.50 35.0 5.6
1932 08 14 95.50 26.00 120.0 7.0
1932 11 09 92.00 26.50 35.0 5.6
Annexure I 199

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1933 03 06 90.50 26.00 35.0 5.6
1933 08 11 98.50 25.50 35.0 6.5
1933 11 19 98.00 25.00 35.0 5.6
1934 01 19 98.25 25.50 35.0 6.0
1934 06 02 95.00 24.50 130.0 6.5
1934 12 15 89.25 31.25 35.0 7.1
1935 01 03 88.00 30.50 35.0 6.5
1935 03 21 89.50 24.25 80.0 6.2
1935 04 23 94.75 24.00 110.0 6.2
1935 05 21 89.25 28.75 140.0 6.2
1936 02 11 87.00 27.50 50.0 5.6
1936 05 10 96.80 26.30 - 6.0
1936 06 18 90.30 26.60 - 6.0
1936 06 19 96.90 26.40 - 6.0
1936 09 07 87.00 27.50 - 5.1
1937 03 09 92.00 27.00 - 6.0
1937 03 21 94.00 25.50 - 6.0
1937 08 31 96.80 25.90 - 6.0
1937 09 09 94.70 24.90 - 6.0
1938 01 29 87.00 27.50 35.0 5.5
1938 04 14 95.00 23.50 130.0 6.8
1938 05 06 95.00 24.50 100.0 5.8
1938 08 16 94.25 23.50 35.0 7.2
1938 11 21 95.00 30.00 35.0 6.0
1939 05 27 94.00 24.50 75.0 6.8
1939 06 19 94.00 23.50 35.0 5.6
1940 02 13 92.00 27.00 - 6.0
1940 05 11 94.10 24.90 80.0 6.0
200 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1940 08 02 90.50 28.00 - 6.0
1940 09 03 91.50 30.50 35.0 6.0
1940 10 04 91.50 30.50 35.0 6.0
1941 01 21 92.00 27.00 100.0 6.8
1941 01 27 92.50 26.50 180.0 6.5
1941 02 23 96.00 28.00 90.0 5.5
1941 05 16 99.00 24.00 35.0 6.9
1941 05 22 93.00 27.50 35.0 5.6
1941 12 26 99.00 21.50 35.0 7.0
1943 02 08 92.00 27.00 - 6.0
1943 10 23 94.00 26.80 35.0 7.2
1943 10 23 93.50 21.50 35.0 7.2
1944 12 24 92.20 24.70 - 6.0
1945 05 19 90.90 25.10 - 6.0
1946 03 16 92.60 26.40 - 6.0
1946 09 12 96.00 23.50 60.0 7.5
1947 03 08 94.70 24.90 - 6.0
1947 07 29 94.00 28.50 60.0 7.9
1947 09 09 96.80 25.90 - 6.0
1947 11 29 92.90 27.90 - 6.0
1950 02 13 95.30 29.80 - 6.0
1950 02 23 95.30 29.80 - 6.0
1950 02 26 90.50 28.00 - 6.0
1950 08 15 96.50 28.60 25.0 8.7
1950 08 15 97.10 27.30 - 6.0
1950 08 16 95.70 28.60 - 7.0
1950 08 16 92.50 27.50 - 6.7
1950 08 16 97.00 28.80 - 6.6
Annexure I 201

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1950 08 16 94.70 29.40 - 6.6
1950 08 16 95.80 29.10 - 6.4
1950 08 16 96.40 27.40 - 6.0
1950 08 16 91.90 27.90 - 6.0
1950 08 17 95.10 29.20 - 6.2
1950 08 17 96.80 25.90 - 6.0
1950 08 17 91.90 27.90 - 6.0
1950 08 18 96.40 29.40 - 6.6
1950 08 18 95.80 29.40 - 6.5
1950 08 19 96.60 28.70 - 6.0
1950 08 20 94.90 29.90 - 6.4
1950 08 20 95.10 29.20 - 6.0
1950 08 21 94.20 29.40 - 6.1
1950 08 21 97.00 27.50 - 6.0
1950 08 22 94.50 29.30 - 6.3
1950 08 22 97.20 27.40 - 6.3
1950 08 23 95.10 29.30 - 6.3
1950 08 23 96.90 27.20 - 5.9
1950 08 24 96.40 28.30 - 6.3
1950 08 25 95.10 29.20 - 6.0
1950 08 26 95.10 26.80 - 7.0
1950 08 26 95.00 32.00 - 6.0
1950 08 27 94.60 29.90 - 6.2
1950 08 29 95.10 29.20 - 6.0
1950 08 30 96.60 28.70 - 6.0
1950 08 31 95.70 28.20 - 6.1
1950 09 01 95.50 30.00 - 6.0
1950 09 02 96.60 29.90 - 6.5
202 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1950 09 03 94.20 28.70 - 6.0
1950 09 04 96.60 28.70 - 6.0
1950 09 05 92.00 29.30 - 6.0
1950 09 08 96.80 25.90 - 6.0
1950 09 10 95.10 29.20 - 6.0
1950 09 11 95.00 26.80 - 6.0
1950 09 13 95.30 27.80 - 7.0
1950 09 14 95.10 29.20 - 6.0
1950 09 30 94.30 28.70 - 6.7
1950 10 03 96.70 28.00 - 6.3
1950 10 08 96.10 28.90 - 6.6
1950 10 16 95.00 28.30 - 6.0
1950 10 29 94.70 27.80 - 6.0
1950 10 30 96.90 28.00 - 6.0
1950 11 02 97.30 30.60 - 6.3
1950 11 12 94.80 27.70 - 6.0
1950 11 16 96.40 27.50 - 6.0
1950 11 18 94.60 27.70 - 6.7
1950 12 24 91.70 24.40 - 6.3
1951 01 03 94.40 29.00 - 6.6
1951 01 04 94.20 28.60 - 5.6
1951 02 08 94.40 28.20 - 5.8
1951 02 15 98.00 29.00 - 5.3
1951 02 21 94.00 28.90 - 5.8
1951 03 06 95.10 28.80 - 6.4
1951 03 12 94.50 28.20 - 6.5
1951 03 16 96.20 31.20 - 6.0
1951 03 17 97.20 30.90 - 6.5
Annexure I 203

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1951 03 30 97.20 29.90 - 6.0
1951 04 06 97.50 30.50 - 6.0
1951 04 07 90.40 25.80 - 6.8
1951 04 14 94.10 28.20 - 6.4
1951 04 22 94.30 29.20 - 6.5
1951 05 28 87.00 29.00 - 6.0
1951 07 21 96.60 28.70 - 6.0
1951 07 31 95.50 31.20 - 6.0
1951 08 01 95.50 31.20 - 6.0
1951 09 24 96.80 25.90 - 6.0
1951 10 18 93.70 28.80 - 6.0
1951 11 06 96.00 29.00 - 6.0
1951 11 17 91.60 31.00 - 6.3
1951 11 19 91.60 31.00 - 6.0
1951 11 22 91.50 30.50 - 6.0
1951 11 23 91.50 30.50 - 6.0
1951 11 25 91.60 31.00 - 6.0
1951 12 03 92.00 30.00 - 6.0
1951 12 07 90.50 31.00 - 6.0
1951 12 26 90.50 31.00 - 6.3
1952 01 15 94.50 23.80 - 6.0
1952 02 06 95.50 31.20 - 6.0
1952 02 16 95.50 30.00 - 6.0
1952 03 06 90.80 29.60 - 6.0
1952 04 30 91.60 31.00 - 6.0
1952 04 30 94.50 25.50 - 6.0
1952 05 26 94.50 28.50 - 6.0
1952 06 02 91.50 30.50 - 6.0
204 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1952 06 15 91.00 31.50 - 6.0
1952 08 17 91.50 30.50 60.0 7.5
1952 08 25 94.00 28.00 - 6.0
1952 09 15 92.00 30.00 - 6.0
1952 11 07 94.00 25.50 - 6.0
1952 11 14 92.00 30.00 - 6.0
1952 11 28 95.20 25.00 - 6.0
1953 04 23 96.70 30.00 - 6.0
1953 10 08 97.20 29.90 - 6.0
1954 02 23 91.70 27.80 - 6.5
1954 03 21 95.20 24.40 180.0 7.5
1955 04 17 90.00 26.50 - 4.5
1955 05 04 97.00 27.20 - 6.0
1955 09 20 90.00 27.50 - 5.7
1955 11 23 90.00 26.50 - 5.0
1955 12 29 90.30 30.10 - 6.0
1956 01 21 93.50 23.50 - 6.1
1956 02 29 94.20 23.40 60.0 6.4
1956 03 14 90.80 25.20 - 5.0
1956 03 23 90.00 30.00 - 5.0
1956 07 12 94.00 22.60 100.0 6.3
1956 07 16 95.70 22.30 - 7.0
1956 08 22 95.20 28.10 - 5.8
1956 09 19 94.80 23.90 150.0 6.3
1957 07 01 93.80 24.40 - 7.3
1957 12 12 93.00 24.50 - 6.0
1958 01 04 92.00 27.00 - 6.0
1958 01 06 96.80 25.60 - 5.8
Annexure I 205

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1958 02 09 90.90 24.90 - 5.0
1958 02 13 92.50 27.60 - 5.5
1958 03 22 93.80 23.50 - 6.5
1958 10 28 96.30 25.20 - 6.0
1959 02 14 96.00 28.00 - 6.0
1959 02 22 91.50 28.50 - 5.7
1959 05 22 95.50 25.50 - 5.0
1959 06 07 94.00 24.00 - 5.5
1959 06 10 91.00 30.00 - 5.8
1959 08 27 96.00 25.00 - 5.8
1959 11 02 93.00 28.00 - 5.0
1960 05 26 93.00 27.00 - 5.0
1960 07 29 90.30 26.90 - 6.5
1960 08 21 88.60 26.40 - 5.5
1961 02 04 95.30 24.70 - 5.5
1961 06 11 98.60 25.20 - 5.8
1961 06 14 94.80 24.70 - 5.8
1961 09 29 87.00 28.00 - 6.0
1961 11 06 91.90 26.70 - 6.0
1961 12 25 90.00 27.00 - 6.0
1962 09 22 97.00 26.50 - 6.3
1962 10 30 93.30 26.60 - 6.0
1963 02 22 87.10 27.20 - 5.3
1963 06 19 90.50 24.90 - 6.2
1963 06 21 90.90 24.80 - 6.2
1963 10 14 95.30 25.20 - 5.3
1964 01 07 98.70 29.80 46.0 5.0
1964 01 07 98.90 30.10 - 4.5
206 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1964 01 15 95.50 25.20 78.0 4.0
1964 01 22 93.60 22.40 88.0 6.1
1964 01 22 93.80 21.90 - 5.5
1964 01 27 97.20 29.20 33.0 4.9
1964 02 01 87.80 27.30 33.0 4.8
1964 02 18 91.20 27.40 22.0 5.3
1964 02 18 91.40 27.20 - 4.3
1964 02 27 94.40 21.70 102.0 6.5
1964 03 20 94.40 23.60 86.0 5.7
1964 03 27 89.30 27.20 - 6.3
1964 03 27 95.80 25.90 93.0 5.4
1964 03 27 89.40 27.10 29.0 5.0
1964 03 27 89.00 26.80 - 4.5
1964 04 13 90.20 27.60 52.0 6.0
1964 04 15 88.10 21.50 - 5.3
1964 04 15 88.10 21.60 - 5.2
1964 04 15 89.60 23.80 15.0 5.1
1964 06 03 95.80 25.90 100.0 5.9
1964 06 13 94.00 23.00 60.0 5.2
1964 07 12 95.30 24.90 155.0 6.7
1964 07 13 94.70 23.70 117.0 6.0
1964 08 17 94.20 24.30 158.0 4.8
1964 08 30 88.40 27.10 - 5.0
1964 09 01 92.30 27.10 33.0 5.5
1964 10 06 94.60 30.30 33.0 4.5
1964 10 21 93.80 28.10 37.0 6.8
1964 10 21 93.70 28.00 37.0 5.9
1964 10 29 96.70 26.30 170.0 4.7
Annexure I 207

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1964 11 10 92.20 29.80 69.0 4.6
1964 11 25 96.30 26.60 80.0 5.4
1965 01 12 87.84 27.40 23.0 5.4
1965 01 12 87.68 27.31 18.0 4.8
1965 02 18 94.21 24.97 45.0 5.0
1965 02 25 94.64 23.63 94.0 4.7
1965 04 11 92.33 26.82 70.0 4.6
1965 04 30 95.84 28.42 33.0 4.1
1965 05 30 95.80 25.93 101.0 4.9
1965 06 04 95.22 31.78 33.0 4.4
1965 06 11 95.33 24.68 149.0 4.6
1965 06 15 95.51 29.67 30.0 4.9
1965 06 18 93.67 24.94 48.0 4.9
1965 07 05 94.80 21.20 13.0 4.2
1965 10 06 96.18 29.14 41.0 4.5
1965 11 06 91.70 27.10 40.0 4.0
1965 11 15 90.60 30.80 33.0 4.2
1965 12 05 94.46 23.34 97.0 4.7
1965 12 09 92.50 26.70 - 4.9
1965 12 09 92.51 27.43 - 4.8
1965 12 15 94.47 22.00 109.0 4.8
1965 12 17 94.50 22.00 114.0 4.7
1966 02 24 91.44 26.35 47.0 4.7
1966 03 07 98.62 29.19 20.0 4.8
1966 03 23 90.04 25.91 20.0 4.1
1966 04 23 90.47 25.90 45.0 4.4
1966 04 26 96.47 24.90 - 4.5
1966 05 06 92.80 22.10 43.0 4.4
208 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1966 05 23 95.54 24.21 25.0 4.4
1966 05 27 96.57 27.43 40.0 4.5
1966 06 05 93.50 24.60 45.0 4.0
1966 06 26 92.84 26.14 74.0 4.6
1966 07 05 92.60 27.84 33.0 4.5
1966 08 10 91.70 31.00 33.0 4.4
1966 09 11 95.60 26.90 - 4.5
1966 09 19 97.73 24.01 33.0 4.5
1966 09 20 97.68 24.09 32.0 4.7
1966 09 26 92.61 27.49 - 5.1
1966 10 02 94.81 24.41 75.0 4.6
1966 10 18 94.87 24.28 86.0 4.8
1966 10 22 94.28 23.04 72.0 4.8
1966 10 27 93.72 23.84 38.0 4.4
1966 11 08 96.60 25.90 42.0 4.2
1966 12 15 94.43 21.51 84.0 5.2
1967 01 04 94.19 23.55 54.0 4.8
1967 01 13 94.72 23.94 84.0 4.1
1967 01 30 96.14 26.10 39.0 5.0
1967 01 30 90.54 25.40 55.0 4.5
1967 02 08 93.80 23.13 51.0 4.7
1967 02 10 96.50 27.70 33.0 4.3
1967 02 25 92.52 27.38 33.0 4.4
1967 03 11 94.39 28.45 15.0 4.7
1967 03 14 94.29 28.41 20.0 5.3
1967 03 16 96.45 26.91 - 4.4
1967 04 15 95.00 24.04 - 4.4
1967 04 23 94.95 24.76 53.0 4.4
Annexure I 209

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1967 06 08 96.15 26.69 58.0 4.3
1967 06 17 94.68 23.05 122.0 4.3
1967 06 20 96.10 25.40 136.0 4.0
1967 06 26 94.80 23.50 - 4.1
1967 07 07 92.14 27.87 33.0 4.5
1967 08 15 93.56 31.05 36.0 5.1
1967 08 27 94.27 23.20 66.0 4.0
1967 09 06 91.90 24.00 - 4.5
1967 09 15 91.86 27.42 19.0 5.3
1967 09 22 94.70 31.96 33.0 4.5
1967 10 18 94.89 23.38 58.0 4.3
1967 11 10 91.75 25.46 44.0 4.4
1967 11 14 91.61 24.05 24.0 4.5
1967 12 10 94.88 22.49 153.0 4.6
1968 01 18 93.20 23.64 75.0 4.4
1968 01 23 95.65 26.01 96.0 4.5
1968 01 31 92.20 29.80 25.0 4.7
1968 02 12 95.36 22.87 - 4.1
1968 04 13 95.00 24.51 119.0 4.4
1968 05 02 92.28 26.23 51.0 4.3
1968 06 12 91.94 24.83 39.0 4.9
1968 06 28 94.93 30.29 26.0 4.5
1968 06 30 94.82 30.22 48.0 4.4
1968 07 04 94.94 30.25 33.0 4.4
1968 07 13 94.75 30.33 27.0 4.5
1968 07 14 94.77 30.25 48.0 4.5
1968 07 15 95.00 30.26 25.0 4.4
1968 07 16 94.79 30.28 32.0 4.3
210 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1968 07 19 94.85 30.27 30.0 4.5
1968 07 23 94.98 30.27 30.0 4.5
1968 07 25 94.67 30.40 33.0 4.4
1968 07 26 94.84 30.17 33.0 4.4
1968 08 09 94.23 25.28 45.0 4.3
1968 08 18 90.62 26.42 22.0 4.7
1968 08 20 94.87 30.07 33.0 4.5
1968 08 23 94.97 30.28 28.0 4.5
1968 08 24 94.66 30.38 - 4.5
1968 08 25 94.76 30.39 - 4.4
1968 08 29 94.89 30.21 33.0 4.5
1968 09 01 94.85 30.25 31.0 4.5
1968 09 03 95.07 30.25 18.0 4.5
1968 09 11 95.04 30.33 15.0 4.4
1968 09 16 96.08 28.66 60.0 4.5
1968 11 18 92.90 26.90 51.0 4.0
1968 12 27 91.61 24.12 27.0 4.7
1969 01 25 92.40 22.98 49.0 4.8
1969 02 07 94.14 27.46 33.0 4.6
1969 02 18 95.37 24.53 164.0 4.4
1969 02 22 92.36 26.54 38.0 4.3
1969 04 28 95.20 25.93 68.0 4.6
1969 06 01 91.77 25.72 33.0 4.5
1969 06 14 94.64 31.76 33.0 4.6
1969 06 30 92.71 26.93 44.0 4.6
1969 08 10 94.68 21.81 76.0 4.3
1969 08 15 94.66 30.34 33.0 4.5
1969 08 29 96.06 26.35 72.0 4.8
Annexure I 211

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1969 09 29 95.37 24.80 118.0 4.5
1969 09 30 94.80 25.20 50.0 4.5
1969 10 17 94.70 23.09 124.0 5.6
1969 10 22 95.64 28.99 33.0 4.4
1969 10 29 94.38 23.61 70.0 4.4
1969 11 05 90.24 27.66 13.0 4.6
1969 11 11 91.80 26.60 33.0 4.6
1969 11 24 99.00 30.50 51.0 4.3
1969 12 19 93.64 24.43 57.0 4.5
1970 01 19 97.06 26.99 32.0 4.3
1970 02 08 93.46 31.07 27.0 4.3
1970 02 19 93.96 27.40 12.0 5.0
1970 03 10 96.98 26.83 24.0 4.8
1970 03 13 93.99 24.91 59.0 4.5
1970 04 06 96.34 26.45 98.0 4.6
1970 05 29 94.06 23.96 49.0 4.7
1970 06 24 95.81 28.99 19.0 4.4
1970 07 07 94.64 24.34 95.0 4.1
1970 07 25 88.58 25.72 32.0 4.7
1970 07 29 95.37 26.02 68.0 5.9
1970 07 29 95.10 26.24 52.0 4.9
1970 07 29 95.33 26.04 33.0 4.6
1970 07 31 95.61 26.16 47.0 4.7
1970 08 01 98.70 28.90 63.0 4.3
1970 08 13 93.87 24.62 42.0 4.4
1970 08 28 91.55 24.78 39.0 4.5
1970 10 14 94.20 21.83 68.0 4.4
1970 12 01 93.50 21.30 - 4.1
212 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1970 12 25 96.42 24.49 - 4.3
1971 02 02 91.66 23.71 37.0 4.7
1971 03 31 96.68 26.11 41.0 4.4
1971 04 21 92.05 26.20 33.0 4.0
1971 05 17 94.82 24.34 163.0 4.4
1971 05 30 96.41 25.20 - 6.3
1971 05 30 96.43 25.22 44.0 5.2
1971 05 30 96.34 25.28 43.0 4.9
1971 05 31 96.51 25.22 - 6.1
1971 06 16 94.31 23.78 18.0 4.3
1971 06 26 94.78 24.60 74.0 4.7
1971 07 17 93.15 26.41 52.0 5.3
1971 10 10 95.92 23.00 46.0 5.3
1971 10 10 95.29 24.97 133.0 4.4
1971 10 14 95.86 23.06 47.0 5.6
1971 10 24 87.19 28.30 57.0 4.7
1971 10 31 90.65 26.18 33.0 4.4
1971 11 11 93.88 21.44 55.0 4.6
1971 12 04 87.95 27.93 29.0 4.8
1971 12 25 96.58 25.32 33.0 4.3
1971 12 29 94.73 25.17 46.0 5.3
1972 01 20 95.31 31.65 33.0 4.5
1972 03 07 94.95 23.30 141.0 4.0
1972 03 26 93.55 25.79 88.0 4.4
1972 04 01 94.83 22.94 155.0 4.1
1972 04 08 89.42 29.67 49.0 4.5
1972 04 17 95.34 25.58 110.0 4.6
1972 05 10 94.58 21.37 84.0 4.6
Annexure I 213

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1972 06 02 95.86 28.37 13.0 4.2
1972 06 08 92.44 29.59 73.0 4.4
1972 06 27 96.70 25.98 23.0 4.2
1972 07 11 94.60 24.24 61.0 4.3
1972 07 22 91.41 31.38 - 5.8
1972 07 22 91.48 31.46 33.0 4.4
1972 07 28 91.61 31.43 08.0 4.0
1972 08 21 88.02 27.23 33.0 4.7
1972 08 21 88.01 27.33 33.0 4.5
1972 11 01 96.37 26.44 94.0 4.9
1972 11 06 88.43 26.88 59.0 4.5
1972 11 11 95.58 24.75 172.0 4.6
1972 11 22 96.25 25.09 - 4.6
1972 12 18 94.35 21.25 76.0 4.9
1973 01 02 88.08 31.17 43.3 4.7
1973 02 10 94.53 24.43 66.8 4.0
1973 03 19 95.39 26.10 63.9 4.2
1973 03 22 87.15 28.12 33.0 4.6
1973 03 24 98.46 21.42 18.4 4.2
1973 05 31 93.52 24.31 - 5.3
1973 06 01 98.82 25.20 - 4.7
1973 06 01 98.51 24.85 26.4 4.2
1973 07 04 94.86 23.60 125.5 4.6
1973 07 04 92.60 27.49 29.5 4.5
1973 07 12 95.06 24.05 115.4 4.0
1973 07 27 94.49 23.28 60.2 5.0
1973 07 31 97.06 27.23 33.0 4.4
1973 08 01 89.17 29.59 62.9 4.5
214 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1973 08 15 95.52 26.41 60.5 4.1
1973 09 11 92.61 27.08 54.0 4.5
1973 10 09 93.55 27.69 33.0 4.5
1973 10 31 92.45 25.21 33.1 4.0
1973 11 02 91.70 25.72 21.0 4.3
1973 11 19 96.63 25.32 33.0 4.0
1973 12 04 94.08 22.65 62.5 4.2
1973 12 21 94.88 30.27 40.5 4.4
1973 12 26 93.38 22.43 31.4 4.5
1974 01 07 94.72 23.43 108.3 4.4
1974 01 20 92.90 22.80 19.5 4.5
1974 03 05 94.83 23.10 - 4.3
1974 03 20 95.84 23.05 - 4.4
1974 04 05 93.68 21.33 47.0 4.6
1974 04 07 96.58 25.54 - 4.0
1974 05 15 91.91 25.66 34.1 4.2
1974 05 25 95.08 24.56 110.5 4.2
1974 06 22 93.54 25.79 50.1 4.4
1974 07 09 92.32 27.34 53.0 4.3
1974 07 10 95.64 28.94 42.2 4.5
1974 07 23 93.31 22.01 35.0 4.4
1974 07 27 94.88 30.31 29.7 4.4
1974 08 24 96.37 25.76 18.6 4.4
1974 08 30 94.62 22.97 106.7 4.2
1974 09 21 91.04 25.63 27.0 4.4
1974 09 21 94.63 24.14 109.0 4.3
1974 11 16 95.43 24.90 128.3 4.3
1974 12 02 95.31 24.44 106.8 4.5
Annexure I 215

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1974 12 07 93.69 23.88 77.5 4.4
1974 12 21 97.46 25.49 33.0 4.2
1975 01 13 94.55 25.13 33.0 4.1
1975 01 14 97.24 30.56 18.6 4.4
1975 01 17 94.04 22.79 16.3 4.2
1975 01 23 88.37 27.44 33.0 4.2
1975 02 06 87.67 27.95 63.3 4.4
1975 02 09 96.82 29.74 33.0 4.3
1975 03 03 93.50 24.11 42.0 4.5
1975 03 03 94.48 22.35 61.4 4.2
1975 04 24 87.04 27.44 25.5 4.5
1975 04 30 97.00 30.75 15.0 4.2
1975 05 21 94.09 23.86 51.3 4.9
1975 05 30 96.92 26.55 52.7 5.3
1975 05 31 97.15 25.18 112.4 4.1
1975 06 03 96.95 26.59 09.5 5.0
1975 06 03 96.91 26.59 42.6 4.7
1975 06 03 96.96 26.60 37.0 4.4
1975 06 10 95.91 28.19 29.8 4.5
1975 06 24 87.50 27.74 33.0 4.5
1975 06 28 94.89 22.64 137.4 4.5
1975 06 28 95.56 29.06 48.2 4.4
1975 07 08 94.62 21.42 111.8 5.4
1975 07 08 94.80 21.37 113.9 4.0
1975 07 09 94.82 21.60 118.5 4.5
1975 07 23 96.36 26.58 21.7 4.8
1975 09 17 94.22 22.29 68.6 4.4
1975 10 21 94.34 22.92 52.3 4.5
216 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1975 11 19 94.85 21.55 114.5 4.2
1975 11 26 87.80 28.15 33.0 4.6
1975 12 13 94.27 23.62 61.6 4.8
1975 12 20 96.46 27.82 34.0 4.0
1975 12 29 97.07 26.73 33.8 5.0
1975 12 29 97.09 26.69 14.2 4.4
1976 01 25 93.42 30.99 33.0 4.7
1976 02 01 93.50 24.41 59.0 4.0
1976 03 30 94.27 24.26 56.0 4.6
1976 04 04 96.66 25.33 39.0 4.9
1976 04 05 95.42 21.82 44.0 5.5
1976 05 25 95.35 25.08 107.0 4.7
1976 05 29 98.90 24.50 - 7.5
1976 05 29 98.71 24.53 10.0 7.0
1976 05 29 98.93 24.55 32.0 5.2
1976 05 29 98.89 24.47 33.0 4.9
1976 05 29 98.77 24.39 33.0 4.9
1976 05 29 98.79 24.32 33.0 4.5
1976 05 29 98.65 24.47 33.0 4.0
1976 05 29 98.78 24.42 33.0 4.0
1976 05 30 98.81 24.42 28.0 5.1
1976 05 30 98.87 24.54 34.0 4.8
1976 05 30 98.76 24.75 33.0 4.0
1976 05 31 98.64 24.34 14.0 6.2
1976 05 31 98.77 24.38 20.0 5.5
1976 06 01 96.27 26.14 46.0 4.9
1976 06 03 98.67 24.24 33.0 4.8
1976 06 05 96.16 26.13 97.0 4.1
Annexure I 217

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1976 06 08 98.66 24.18 33.0 4.5
1976 06 09 98.75 24.89 33.0 5.9
1976 06 09 98.62 24.68 33.0 4.4
1976 06 20 98.64 24.56 17.0 4.7
1976 06 20 98.61 24.75 33.0 4.1
1976 06 23 88.79 21.42 23.0 5.3
1976 06 30 94.64 22.76 97.0 4.0
1976 07 03 98.68 24.19 33.0 5.4
1976 07 13 98.90 24.55 33.0 4.5
1976 07 21 98.70 24.78 09.0 6.3
1976 07 23 98.68 24.89 33.0 5.0
1976 08 01 98.70 24.81 33.0 4.4
1976 08 04 98.90 24.69 33.0 4.1
1976 08 05 92.39 28.07 61.0 4.7
1976 08 12 97.07 26.68 27.0 6.4
1976 09 14 89.56 29.80 82.0 5.5
1976 09 24 95.01 24.05 164.0 4.6
1976 10 12 98.81 24.48 33.0 5.0
1976 10 31 96.56 26.48 33.0 4.8
1976 11 06 96.44 26.52 66.0 4.5
1976 11 10 96.97 26.51 63.0 4.7
1976 12 06 94.56 24.20 97.0 4.7
1976 12 15 94.61 23.13 97.0 5.0
1976 12 17 92.44 27.75 33.0 4.7
1976 12 25 95.06 25.91 84.0 4.9
1977 01 05 95.15 25.49 105.0 4.5
1977 01 06 87.98 31.25 - 4.8
1977 01 07 98.56 24.28 16.0 4.3
218 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1977 02 03 96.58 25.73 19.0 4.1
1977 02 05 96.54 25.52 57.0 4.1
1977 02 06 92.95 24.33 - 4.4
1977 02 24 96.24 26.08 85.0 4.2
1977 03 05 93.01 31.47 33.0 4.1
1977 03 15 89.41 31.41 19.0 4.5
1977 03 16 89.38 31.30 33.0 4.6
1977 05 12 92.96 21.68 - 5.7
1977 06 05 88.43 26.07 - 4.5
1977 06 16 95.28 30.02 33.0 4.3
1977 06 30 97.10 26.91 36.0 4.6
1977 07 05 95.64 31.90 - 4.4
1977 07 05 97.42 27.15 45.0 4.3
1977 07 10 93.11 26.58 - 4.5
1977 07 21 94.85 30.32 15.0 4.6
1977 07 22 94.81 30.29 20.0 4.3
1977 08 03 94.90 30.27 21.0 4.5
1977 08 03 94.85 30.30 - 4.4
1977 08 04 94.82 30.30 10.0 4.5
1977 08 06 94.79 30.32 35.0 4.4
1977 08 08 94.85 30.30 44.0 4.3
1977 08 13 94.81 30.35 25.0 4.4
1977 08 14 98.08 28.40 33.0 4.7
1977 08 16 94.83 30.29 47.0 4.5
1977 08 18 94.82 30.31 33.0 4.5
1977 08 18 94.84 30.40 62.0 4.5
1977 08 21 94.82 30.32 38.0 4.5
1977 08 21 94.79 30.35 33.0 4.0
Annexure I 219

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1977 08 23 94.84 30.28 36.0 4.5
1977 08 24 94.81 30.30 33.0 4.4
1977 08 25 94.86 30.30 35.0 4.5
1977 08 28 94.94 30.26 46.0 4.5
1977 10 05 97.24 26.74 33.0 4.6
1977 10 13 93.33 23.47 - 4.9
1977 10 17 98.91 25.87 - 4.5
1977 10 27 93.25 31.20 35.0 4.6
1977 10 29 95.02 29.25 33.0 4.2
1977 11 13 93.00 26.51 52.0 4.7
1977 11 24 96.28 25.30 33.0 4.1
1977 11 29 94.71 21.73 109.0 4.1
1977 12 21 95.91 23.82 33.0 4.4
1977 12 22 96.95 26.37 27.0 4.5
1977 12 22 96.11 28.54 33.0 4.5
1977 12 23 92.31 23.71 33.0 4.7
1978 01 08 95.20 24.73 98.0 4.7
1978 01 29 95.64 24.53 - 4.3
1978 01 31 96.87 25.94 33.0 4.1
1978 02 03 94.70 23.02 92.0 4.7
1978 02 03 95.23 28.72 33.0 4.1
1978 02 09 94.76 23.93 86.0 4.9
1978 02 11 94.74 24.31 88.0 4.3
1978 02 22 94.13 23.30 83.0 5.0
1978 02 23 94.70 23.08 113.0 4.8
1978 03 02 96.96 27.28 62.0 4.2
1978 03 18 93.00 24.38 61.0 4.3
1978 03 28 94.54 24.46 53.0 4.8
220 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1978 03 28 92.74 23.15 33.0 4.5
1978 03 31 94.53 25.37 33.0 4.2
1978 04 07 92.38 22.80 49.0 4.5
1978 04 19 92.68 27.67 51.0 4.5
1978 04 19 92.59 27.65 33.0 4.2
1978 04 27 94.64 23.69 61.0 4.2
1978 04 27 96.05 22.09 34.0 4.0
1978 06 09 96.16 25.61 144.0 4.3
1978 06 10 94.65 22.88 113.0 4.8
1978 06 14 98.70 25.78 33.0 4.1
1978 07 03 94.57 23.13 54.0 4.0
1978 07 21 94.83 28.75 35.0 4.7
1978 07 23 94.63 22.89 149.0 4.4
1978 08 04 96.56 26.16 187.0 4.0
1978 08 10 96.94 26.46 38.0 4.7
1978 09 18 94.67 22.69 111.0 4.6
1978 09 22 94.72 23.72 102.0 4.3
1978 09 29 94.75 21.43 96.0 4.5
1978 10 10 93.69 24.37 49.0 4.5
1978 10 14 87.33 27.66 - 4.5
1978 10 20 94.68 24.18 98.0 4.8
1978 10 27 94.53 22.21 116.0 4.3
1978 11 18 92.59 26.55 55.0 4.1
1978 12 08 94.92 22.79 108.0 4.1
1978 12 14 93.73 22.68 75.0 4.0
1978 12 21 95.84 22.92 32.0 4.1
1978 12 29 92.85 23.47 33.0 4.0
1978 12 30 94.17 24.81 33.0 4.6
Annexure I 221

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1979 01 09 92.49 24.96 64.0 4.5
1979 01 13 91.89 27.39 33.0 4.0
1979 01 14 95.49 25.15 33.0 4.6
1979 01 28 91.02 24.87 - 4.0
1979 02 18 95.98 23.04 43.0 5.3
1979 02 26 91.23 25.98 54.0 4.0
1979 03 03 94.52 24.48 89.0 4.4
1979 03 04 93.50 24.56 33.0 4.3
1979 03 18 96.67 25.04 46.0 4.7
1979 03 25 94.09 22.30 81.0 4.2
1979 03 28 94.82 24.61 71.0 4.5
1979 04 02 90.68 26.46 33.0 4.5
1979 04 10 94.62 24.94 33.0 4.5
1979 04 11 88.84 25.98 33.0 4.5
1979 04 18 94.00 24.19 74.0 4.5
1979 04 25 96.63 27.43 24.0 4.3
1979 05 12 92.43 23.95 27.0 4.0
1979 05 18 95.84 23.73 33.0 4.3
1979 05 19 92.79 22.31 61.0 4.2
1979 05 29 94.74 24.50 82.0 4.6
1979 05 30 94.69 22.13 126.0 4.6
1979 05 31 95.16 25.28 102.0 4.4
1979 06 08 96.52 25.13 66.0 4.4
1979 06 19 87.48 26.74 02.0 4.9
1979 06 26 94.19 30.32 33.0 4.3
1979 07 13 95.22 24.88 109.0 4.3
1979 07 29 91.81 26.81 68.0 4.8
1979 08 01 95.60 26.18 96.0 4.3
222 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1979 08 04 94.89 30.30 39.0 4.5
1979 08 07 94.88 30.42 37.0 4.5
1979 08 08 98.85 25.11 10.0 5.0
1979 08 11 94.93 24.20 113.0 4.7
1979 08 12 94.92 30.23 54.0 4.4
1979 08 21 95.15 25.95 137.0 4.3
1979 09 08 98.72 31.84 33.0 4.0
1979 09 21 96.80 24.90 33.0 4.3
1979 09 29 95.77 24.01 33.0 4.6
1979 09 29 95.80 29.04 35.0 4.6
1979 10 09 94.95 21.80 138.0 4.1
1979 10 17 87.62 27.97 33.0 4.3
1979 10 17 96.85 23.63 - 4.2
1979 10 19 94.35 23.04 91.0 4.9
1979 11 07 93.95 22.10 80.0 4.2
1979 11 12 96.00 22.81 07.0 4.4
1979 11 16 88.69 27.95 39.0 4.3
1979 11 25 96.32 25.21 32.0 5.5
1979 12 03 94.90 24.41 - 4.6
1979 12 06 95.48 30.05 12.0 5.1
1979 12 21 97.04 27.10 32.0 5.5
1979 12 25 97.24 26.89 - 4.6
1980 01 01 98.60 26.08 - 4.1
1980 01 02 96.46 31.70 49.0 4.3
1980 01 06 98.64 25.87 47.0 4.3
1980 01 13 98.02 29.19 - 4.0
1980 01 27 95.17 24.69 167.0 4.1
1980 02 08 93.59 21.27 58.0 4.9
Annexure I 223

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1980 02 22 88.65 30.55 14.0 6.6
1980 02 22 88.68 30.62 39.0 4.5
1980 02 22 88.68 30.55 41.0 4.5
1980 02 22 88.74 30.67 - 4.5
1980 02 22 88.74 30.64 38.0 4.4
1980 02 22 88.78 30.61 21.0 4.3
1980 02 23 94.61 23.37 86.0 4.5
1980 02 23 88.77 30.56 33.0 4.0
1980 02 28 88.71 30.54 33.0 4.3
1980 03 01 96.30 28.64 33.0 4.3
1980 03 04 88.68 30.54 49.0 4.5
1980 03 26 94.41 28.63 48.0 4.2
1980 03 28 94.69 23.87 97.0 4.2
1980 04 04 93.76 21.30 64.0 4.7
1980 04 13 95.52 30.20 30.0 4.7
1980 04 14 95.47 30.18 02.0 4.4
1980 05 16 96.22 22.71 33.0 4.2
1980 05 20 94.20 23.72 83.0 5.4
1980 05 27 95.99 28.15 33.0 4.1
1980 06 03 88.65 30.75 - 5.6
1980 06 10 88.57 30.42 64.0 4.3
1980 06 11 90.31 25.79 69.0 4.0
1980 06 25 88.84 30.57 33.0 4.1
1980 07 16 94.79 22.51 33.0 4.4
1980 07 17 93.71 22.51 77.0 4.5
1980 08 01 96.15 23.92 37.0 4.9
1980 08 07 94.84 30.32 29.0 4.1
1980 08 09 94.94 30.25 26.0 4.0
224 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1980 08 10 94.91 30.32 57.0 4.3
1980 08 12 94.62 24.81 52.0 4.8
1980 08 18 94.95 26.65 57.0 4.6
1980 08 19 94.89 30.34 39.0 4.4
1980 08 23 94.89 30.35 34.0 4.3
1980 08 25 94.88 30.36 42.0 4.1
1980 08 26 94.91 30.36 19.0 4.2
1980 08 28 94.91 21.90 122.0 4.3
1980 08 29 94.94 30.32 44.0 4.3
1980 08 30 96.40 28.76 35.0 4.5
1980 08 30 94.89 30.40 34.0 4.2
1980 09 02 94.89 30.36 37.0 4.4
1980 09 03 94.93 30.29 49.0 4.2
1980 09 04 94.93 30.28 42.0 4.2
1980 09 09 94.93 30.27 41.0 4.3
1980 09 13 94.90 30.24 48.0 4.4
1980 09 14 95.33 24.89 109.0 4.5
1980 09 14 94.91 30.35 15.0 4.0
1980 09 19 94.92 30.27 43.0 4.1
1980 09 20 94.89 30.34 37.0 4.1
1980 09 24 94.89 30.34 24.0 4.1
1980 10 04 95.15 23.09 122.0 4.5
1980 10 08 87.72 31.43 34.0 4.6
1980 10 10 96.94 27.16 22.0 4.9
1980 10 23 95.00 22.58 127.0 4.1
1980 10 30 91.46 23.90 30.0 4.6
1980 11 19 88.80 27.40 - 6.6
1980 11 20 93.92 22.74 30.0 5.1
Annexure I 225

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1980 12 01 90.94 22.06 33.0 4.4
1980 12 11 95.97 24.22 170.0 4.2
1980 12 22 89.59 26.67 33.0 4.2
1980 12 26 88.88 29.08 67.0 4.2
1980 12 31 93.59 21.08 64.0 4.6
1981 02 01 96.34 24.77 21.0 4.6
1981 02 07 97.14 26.29 58.0 4.0
1981 02 08 88.61 30.60 33.0 4.5
1981 02 09 89.76 27.20 16.0 4.5
1981 02 28 93.66 26.03 40.0 4.6
1981 03 07 97.82 22.13 - 4.6
1981 03 07 94.88 24.66 81.0 4.0
1981 03 19 90.48 26.29 - 4.5
1981 03 26 89.08 22.35 - 4.5
1981 03 31 96.93 26.51 26.0 4.4
1981 04 04 95.14 25.02 115.0 4.1
1981 04 11 95.04 24.63 137.0 4.0
1981 04 25 95.34 24.90 146.0 5.1
1981 04 29 96.62 26.12 33.0 4.0
1981 05 01 94.56 22.94 98.0 4.1
1981 05 06 93.87 22.47 76.0 4.5
1981 05 06 93.15 23.70 33.0 4.0
1981 05 14 98.68 25.94 24.0 4.0
1981 06 17 93.68 23.72 67.0 4.6
1981 06 30 95.19 22.50 42.0 4.9
1981 07 07 97.90 25.13 42.0 5.1
1981 07 15 94.26 22.59 101.0 4.0
1981 07 18 94.65 24.79 81.0 5.0
226 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1981 07 30 94.68 22.95 113.0 4.3
1981 08 04 97.78 25.03 - 4.3
1981 08 14 97.96 25.15 38.0 5.1
1981 08 16 96.63 25.52 38.0 5.2
1981 08 16 96.65 25.48 41.0 4.1
1981 08 16 96.64 25.53 40.0 4.0
1981 08 18 96.20 25.47 33.0 4.6
1981 08 23 96.06 26.70 82.0 4.8
1981 08 23 94.43 22.89 90.0 4.5
1981 08 23 94.91 24.68 91.0 4.4
1981 08 28 97.71 24.92 70.0 4.0
1981 08 29 97.89 24.95 46.0 4.3
1981 09 05 95.56 26.51 37.0 4.2
1981 09 23 91.64 30.66 19.0 4.2
1981 09 27 95.47 26.60 33.0 4.3
1981 10 03 94.87 30.35 32.0 4.3
1981 10 09 94.44 23.67 117.0 4.6
1981 10 14 94.82 28.67 65.0 4.4
1981 10 19 88.12 31.32 33.0 4.2
1981 10 23 94.93 29.89 - 5.4
1981 10 24 95.02 29.90 33.0 5.0
1981 10 26 94.93 30.03 - 4.5
1981 11 15 95.13 25.65 70.0 4.4
1981 11 21 93.23 22.70 44.0 4.3
1981 11 21 89.12 29.53 50.0 4.3
1981 12 09 92.51 27.50 33.0 4.4
1981 12 11 95.08 25.02 122.0 4.3
1981 12 13 95.07 29.92 21.0 4.7
Annexure I 227

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1982 01 03 94.35 24.69 85.0 4.9
1982 01 11 92.06 24.70 40.0 4.0
1982 01 22 89.87 30.89 - 5.7
1982 01 24 94.67 21.41 120.0 4.9
1982 01 28 90.89 25.47 33.0 4.1
1982 01 31 96.46 25.11 43.0 4.3
1982 02 12 94.66 21.90 122.0 4.5
1982 02 16 98.22 23.86 - 4.0
1982 02 26 90.62 25.79 49.0 4.6
1982 02 26 92.29 26.30 33.0 4.5
1982 02 26 94.83 24.07 140.0 4.1
1982 03 24 88.70 30.55 33.0 4.3
1982 03 24 95.64 24.16 33.0 4.1
1982 03 30 95.58 23.56 42.0 4.9
1982 04 03 94.42 22.35 99.0 4.5
1982 04 05 88.84 27.38 - 5.2
1982 04 06 94.47 24.35 102.0 4.3
1982 04 22 95.00 29.94 14.0 5.4
1982 04 24 92.92 28.31 52.0 4.4
1982 05 02 95.06 29.90 38.0 4.6
1982 05 17 94.99 25.34 95.0 4.8
1982 05 22 93.96 24.10 76.0 4.3
1982 05 29 95.51 29.68 22.0 4.8
1982 06 01 94.72 24.65 79.0 4.0
1982 06 20 89.97 26.24 33.0 4.4
1982 06 25 94.45 23.06 102.0 4.1
1982 07 02 96.61 28.57 60.0 4.4
1982 07 05 96.49 26.95 - 4.5
228 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1982 07 06 90.31 25.88 08.0 4.4
1982 07 24 96.52 30.11 59.0 4.2
1982 08 18 89.26 27.04 51.0 4.8
1982 08 21 92.23 25.16 51.0 4.6
1982 08 30 96.70 25.38 39.0 5.0
1982 08 31 91.46 25.38 32.0 4.5
1982 09 04 95.93 22.92 41.0 5.1
1982 09 14 95.31 25.93 88.0 4.6
1982 09 20 95.94 22.88 25.0 5.2
1982 09 21 91.27 25.15 43.0 4.6
1982 10 07 94.40 23.42 102.0 4.3
1982 10 26 95.17 29.77 41.0 4.9
1982 11 14 94.57 22.06 105.0 4.5
1982 11 14 97.10 21.20 40.0 4.1
1982 11 18 91.75 26.38 - 4.7
1982 11 26 94.87 27.78 29.0 4.4
1982 11 29 94.59 22.23 132.0 4.5
1982 12 10 95.15 28.99 - 4.3
1982 12 11 94.48 24.52 66.0 4.2
1982 12 12 94.69 24.83 - 4.5
1982 12 15 96.00 25.71 - 4.7
1982 12 17 95.15 24.96 116.0 4.7
1982 12 25 96.38 26.40 110.0 4.5
1982 12 30 91.66 26.25 33.0 4.5
1982 12 30 91.69 26.01 61.0 4.3
1983 01 03 94.45 24.23 84.0 4.5
1983 01 12 97.00 26.90 31.0 4.6
1983 01 12 96.80 26.72 53.0 4.3
Annexure I 229

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1983 01 13 95.03 24.67 109.0 5.0
1983 01 14 95.86 29.08 43.0 4.4
1983 01 19 91.36 25.46 10.0 4.0
1983 01 25 96.42 26.40 121.0 4.5
1983 01 29 94.24 24.01 90.0 4.2
1983 01 31 95.04 24.72 70.0 4.6
1983 02 02 92.87 26.90 42.0 4.5
1983 02 20 95.96 22.79 - 4.3
1983 03 01 96.05 28.63 40.0 4.5
1983 03 05 93.89 22.83 50.0 4.5
1983 04 01 93.69 21.86 67.0 4.1
1983 04 04 96.79 26.46 33.0 4.0
1983 04 09 99.00 21.78 13.0 4.5
1983 04 13 93.41 25.61 33.0 4.4
1983 04 13 94.48 22.86 120.0 4.4
1983 04 17 94.36 22.03 93.0 4.4
1983 04 30 96.71 25.65 35.0 4.7
1983 05 01 92.24 25.09 - 4.4
1983 05 07 94.76 22.89 99.0 4.3
1983 06 16 95.62 26.03 98.0 5.2
1983 06 26 93.87 23.06 81.0 4.6
1983 07 23 91.25 25.37 59.0 4.2
1983 07 31 97.02 30.17 57.0 4.2
1983 08 03 98.54 21.76 - 4.7
1983 08 07 98.95 21.84 - 4.2
1983 08 13 98.03 21.34 - 4.2
1983 08 16 90.99 31.45 50.0 4.4
1983 08 21 94.43 22.73 124.0 4.5
230 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1983 08 23 95.12 24.55 128.0 4.8
1983 08 30 94.67 25.04 60.0 5.7
1983 09 18 94.79 23.05 61.0 4.5
1983 09 23 95.12 24.77 115.0 4.8
1983 10 02 92.52 28.05 38.0 4.4
1983 10 16 90.31 29.51 33.0 4.2
1983 10 21 94.38 22.00 97.0 4.8
1983 10 21 94.42 24.89 71.0 4.1
1983 11 16 96.12 26.16 135.0 4.9
1983 11 17 91.73 25.15 42.0 4.1
1983 12 22 95.52 26.00 151.0 4.1
1983 12 23 87.91 25.87 33.0 4.0
1984 01 07 94.49 21.54 116.0 4.2
1984 01 14 88.06 31.41 62.0 4.0
1984 01 15 96.37 28.64 23.0 4.2
1984 01 18 95.05 28.86 - 4.2
1984 01 20 96.36 28.65 28.0 4.8
1984 01 20 94.47 24.00 110.0 4.3
1984 01 21 96.61 30.26 10.0 5.1
1984 01 24 95.50 30.15 41.0 4.4
1984 02 05 94.71 22.72 93.0 4.4
1984 02 19 94.79 24.99 51.0 4.6
1984 02 20 95.70 28.96 22.0 4.3
1984 02 28 94.57 22.18 96.0 4.4
1984 03 05 94.62 24.52 68.0 5.0
1984 03 11 98.74 24.73 - 4.3
1984 03 21 93.30 26.76 15.0 4.3
1984 04 25 95.70 26.03 109.0 4.6
Annexure I 231

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1984 05 06 93.53 24.22 32.0 5.9
1984 05 07 94.57 24.87 89.0 4.3
1984 05 16 94.96 24.72 119.0 4.3
1984 05 21 91.51 23.66 13.0 4.8
1984 06 09 92.61 26.91 72.0 4.2
1984 07 04 92.74 25.80 33.0 4.3
1984 07 05 94.82 24.81 79.0 4.5
1984 07 07 94.33 24.81 74.0 4.2
1984 07 19 97.61 21.82 10.0 4.2
1984 07 24 95.86 26.02 33.0 4.3
1984 07 27 96.62 21.73 10.0 4.3
1984 07 28 96.34 21.77 33.0 4.6
1984 08 05 94.32 23.47 80.0 4.5
1984 09 08 96.59 22.72 33.0 4.4
1984 09 16 93.58 24.65 36.0 4.6
1984 09 22 92.15 26.49 29.0 5.0
1984 09 28 94.34 23.04 55.0 4.1
1984 09 30 91.51 25.44 34.0 4.7
1984 10 02 88.58 31.00 33.0 4.0
1984 10 03 93.44 25.37 59.0 4.4
1984 10 07 97.22 24.63 47.0 4.7
1984 10 18 94.50 24.03 117.0 4.2
1984 10 28 89.18 30.18 33.0 4.0
1984 11 01 94.64 22.24 117.0 4.1
1984 11 13 94.18 24.04 77.0 4.1
1984 11 15 92.72 26.72 84.0 4.4
1984 11 15 95.20 22.09 87.0 4.2
1984 11 21 96.49 25.42 33.0 4.4
232 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1984 11 28 97.08 26.65 - 5.9
1984 11 28 89.01 31.81 33.0 5.5
1984 11 28 95.02 24.61 115.0 5.0
1984 12 02 96.95 26.73 62.0 4.4
1984 12 03 96.84 27.41 84.0 5.0
1984 12 03 96.70 27.51 58.0 4.1
1984 12 08 94.84 24.33 107.0 4.0
1984 12 26 93.10 21.07 45.0 4.1
1984 12 30 92.85 24.66 - 5.7
1985 01 07 91.96 27.14 12.0 5.2
1985 01 07 91.77 27.20 33.0 4.3
1985 01 11 91.90 27.13 33.0 4.8
1985 01 21 94.38 24.70 94.0 4.6
1985 01 25 94.52 23.32 107.0 5.5
1985 02 03 94.54 25.42 62.0 4.5
1985 02 17 95.24 25.54 85.0 4.7
1985 02 21 96.04 28.35 15.0 5.0
1985 02 23 94.75 28.97 46.0 4.4
1985 03 04 94.61 23.74 99.0 4.0
1985 03 05 94.08 27.72 52.0 4.9
1985 04 02 94.46 24.31 97.0 4.4
1985 04 06 92.52 28.42 33.0 4.5
1985 04 17 96.01 23.96 39.0 4.6
1985 04 24 96.08 26.18 46.0 5.4
1985 05 10 94.27 22.04 87.0 4.0
1985 05 17 95.26 25.30 87.0 4.4
1985 05 25 88.48 27.63 33.0 4.3
1985 05 30 98.26 30.94 06.0 4.7
Annexure I 233

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1985 06 07 96.21 26.87 33.0 4.5
1985 06 17 90.20 25.65 22.0 4.3
1985 07 18 94.80 30.36 - 4.2
1985 07 19 94.91 30.38 33.0 4.6
1985 07 20 94.83 30.35 - 4.7
1985 07 20 94.86 30.29 35.0 4.5
1985 07 21 94.23 29.97 33.0 4.0
1985 07 26 94.87 30.33 26.0 4.2
1985 07 27 94.84 30.32 19.0 4.5
1985 07 28 88.61 30.15 66.0 4.2
1985 08 01 95.16 29.15 36.0 5.7
1985 08 23 97.59 25.33 40.0 5.0
1985 08 25 97.68 25.45 14.0 5.1
1985 09 05 97.71 25.40 20.0 5.3
1985 09 07 97.51 25.86 38.0 4.0
1985 09 09 97.53 25.85 33.0 4.2
1985 09 11 97.73 25.37 31.0 4.6
1985 10 02 89.73 27.19 45.0 4.1
1985 10 12 92.52 27.11 14.0 5.0
1985 10 12 92.62 27.19 10.0 4.5
1985 10 12 95.18 24.79 108.0 4.0
1985 10 14 97.21 26.50 33.0 4.6
1985 10 25 92.48 27.20 33.0 4.5
1985 10 31 92.51 27.10 18.0 4.7
1985 11 01 96.86 27.28 44.0 4.3
1985 11 03 91.52 23.61 - 4.5
1985 11 08 93.96 22.65 47.0 4.2
1985 11 09 94.61 21.26 108.0 4.0
234 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1985 11 26 94.67 25.06 33.0 4.1
1985 11 28 97.14 26.23 20.0 5.0
1985 12 22 93.24 24.10 - 4.6
1985 12 26 92.07 27.09 11.0 4.0
1986 01 02 92.63 22.49 28.0 4.2
1986 01 07 88.43 27.38 42.0 4.0
1986 01 08 93.96 23.38 82.0 4.4
1986 01 17 94.31 22.75 62.0 4.9
1986 01 18 95.56 21.10 22.0 5.3
1986 01 23 98.73 29.59 33.0 4.2
1986 01 27 95.90 22.88 10.0 5.2
1986 01 27 98.42 29.74 39.0 4.5
1986 02 05 98.42 29.82 20.0 5.1
1986 02 08 93.00 23.87 30.0 5.3
1986 02 08 93.86 22.06 76.0 4.0
1986 02 10 87.86 28.15 67.0 4.4
1986 02 13 94.62 21.52 122.0 4.4
1986 02 19 91.13 25.10 - 4.9
1986 03 06 97.11 26.69 51.0 4.3
1986 03 29 98.87 26.10 33.0 4.1
1986 04 04 88.20 30.81 44.0 4.2
1986 04 17 94.74 24.43 86.0 5.2
1986 04 18 95.61 21.23 10.0 4.3
1986 04 20 95.36 25.05 112.0 4.9
1986 04 26 94.51 22.85 102.0 4.5
1986 04 29 88.26 31.43 35.0 4.0
1986 05 09 94.46 21.64 97.0 4.5
1986 05 22 91.06 31.67 33.0 4.5
Annexure I 235

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1986 05 23 91.18 31.67 33.0 4.5
1986 06 23 96.89 26.25 32.0 4.3
1986 07 02 96.80 25.06 49.0 4.1
1986 07 16 91.58 27.57 33.0 4.5
1986 07 23 95.54 26.75 68.0 4.0
1986 07 26 94.19 23.71 38.0 5.1
1986 08 16 94.11 22.60 89.0 4.6
1986 08 16 94.22 22.67 85.0 4.6
1986 09 09 97.14 23.68 33.0 4.7
1986 09 10 92.15 25.38 47.0 4.6
1986 09 15 98.77 24.65 10.0 4.6
1986 09 30 94.02 23.41 72.0 4.2
1986 10 10 94.89 30.33 26.0 4.4
1986 10 12 94.86 30.38 33.0 4.5
1986 10 13 94.74 30.40 33.0 4.5
1986 10 14 91.97 25.03 33.0 4.4
1986 11 01 96.40 26.85 11.0 5.0
1986 11 08 92.21 27.17 48.0 4.2
1986 11 10 98.38 24.12 - 4.1
1986 11 22 94.76 25.27 65.0 4.3
1986 11 29 96.93 26.10 20.0 4.6
1986 12 22 95.09 29.87 33.0 4.5
1986 12 31 92.91 26.47 46.0 4.6
1987 01 09 95.19 28.62 33.0 4.3
1987 01 24 92.69 27.63 24.0 4.6
1987 02 07 94.75 23.68 108.0 4.6
1987 02 13 94.08 23.10 47.0 4.2
1987 02 15 94.83 24.25 109.0 4.8
236 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1987 03 01 95.85 28.67 17.0 4.7
1987 03 22 96.71 25.92 40.0 4.1
1987 03 26 96.37 24.93 43.0 4.6
1987 04 01 98.54 21.94 - 5.0
1987 04 03 95.18 24.87 140.0 4.4
1987 04 06 95.93 26.50 105.0 4.7
1987 04 23 87.01 27.93 48.0 4.4
1987 04 29 93.73 22.60 48.0 4.9
1987 04 29 94.64 24.07 107.0 4.7
1987 05 10 87.27 28.99 33.0 4.3
1987 05 16 98.37 26.24 27.0 4.3
1987 05 18 94.21 25.23 53.0 6.2
1987 05 20 96.71 26.92 81.0 4.2
1987 05 30 94.58 22.70 111.0 4.3
1987 06 10 94.39 23.60 33.0 4.4
1987 06 11 93.59 26.15 62.0 4.7
1987 06 14 94.74 21.15 113.0 4.0
1987 07 10 96.94 27.32 43.0 4.6
1987 07 16 92.33 23.55 33.0 4.1
1987 07 16 92.44 21.16 33.0 4.0
1987 07 17 92.68 27.76 - 4.7
1987 07 19 95.19 24.95 123.0 4.5
1987 08 06 94.31 23.45 110.0 4.4
1987 08 24 94.41 23.05 86.0 4.8
1987 08 26 94.33 21.83 123.0 4.1
1987 09 03 93.85 21.26 60.0 4.2
1987 09 05 93.81 23.84 76.0 4.5
1987 09 06 93.41 26.64 58.0 4.6
Annexure I 237

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1987 09 09 95.27 24.78 122.0 4.5
1987 09 13 92.84 27.32 33.0 4.1
1987 09 17 94.83 30.35 - 4.4
1987 09 19 94.81 30.34 - 4.2
1987 09 22 94.81 30.32 33.0 4.5
1987 09 23 95.67 22.25 33.0 4.3
1987 09 23 94.53 30.77 33.0 4.1
1987 09 25 90.37 29.84 19.0 5.2
1987 09 26 90.45 29.82 33.0 4.3
1987 09 26 94.30 21.92 103.0 4.2
1987 09 28 94.90 23.66 100.0 4.4
1987 09 29 90.41 29.91 33.0 4.5
1987 09 29 90.41 29.73 46.0 4.2
1987 10 06 90.42 29.90 10.0 5.0
1987 10 10 98.88 21.79 33.0 4.1
1987 10 15 92.77 27.38 27.0 4.1
1987 10 22 89.06 27.07 19.0 4.5
1987 11 01 90.01 29.63 33.0 4.0
1987 11 15 93.38 26.52 53.0 4.0
1987 11 23 93.57 30.26 33.0 4.5
1987 11 24 97.50 21.58 33.0 4.4
1987 11 28 95.78 25.56 33.0 4.1
1987 12 01 93.22 26.33 59.0 4.8
1987 12 11 90.92 26.04 57.0 4.3
1987 12 12 90.40 29.75 45.0 4.5
1987 12 22 95.28 29.91 - 4.1
1988 01 01 94.78 30.11 33.0 4.2
1988 01 10 90.29 29.75 50.0 5.3
238 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1988 01 10 90.44 29.89 10.0 4.9
1988 01 19 88.80 27.77 33.0 4.0
1988 01 20 93.73 23.39 92.0 4.1
1988 01 25 94.87 30.16 - 5.1
1988 02 06 91.56 24.67 33.0 5.9
1988 02 12 93.90 25.08 33.0 4.1
1988 02 15 93.93 21.53 73.0 4.4
1988 02 16 94.81 30.00 25.0 4.4
1988 02 17 94.37 24.29 111.0 4.5
1988 02 17 92.11 27.11 02.0 4.5
1988 02 17 92.99 26.73 46.0 4.2
1988 02 24 94.08 23.33 72.0 4.9
1988 02 24 95.63 25.98 112.0 4.2
1988 02 28 91.56 24.72 22.0 4.5
1988 03 06 95.41 25.97 106.0 4.4
1988 03 28 95.05 29.99 33.0 4.2
1988 04 06 92.47 28.27 33.0 4.0
1988 04 11 97.18 27.01 19.0 4.2
1988 04 18 93.88 24.88 60.0 4.1
1988 05 09 94.77 29.02 20.0 4.8
1988 05 10 94.78 29.04 23.0 4.7
1988 05 10 90.88 25.32 33.0 4.1
1988 05 11 96.50 25.31 53.0 4.7
1988 05 26 88.61 27.45 42.0 4.4
1988 06 06 94.73 29.05 10.0 4.1
1988 06 28 94.80 24.66 139.0 4.8
1988 07 03 94.26 22.07 83.0 4.5
1988 07 05 91.24 28.11 66.0 4.6
Annexure I 239

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1988 07 10 95.38 25.03 125.0 5.6
1988 07 11 95.96 26.24 33.0 4.5
1988 07 11 93.88 22.46 33.0 4.3
1988 08 06 95.15 25.13 100.0 7.2
1988 08 06 94.99 25.34 86.0 4.1
1988 08 07 94.90 25.05 107.0 4.6
1988 08 07 95.29 25.72 33.0 4.5
1988 08 08 95.34 25.08 95.0 4.9
1988 08 08 95.03 25.38 109.0 4.7
1988 08 13 95.13 25.29 91.0 4.7
1988 08 21 95.10 25.27 92.0 4.4
1988 08 29 87.51 26.39 33.0 4.2
1988 09 03 97.33 29.95 22.0 5.3
1988 09 04 94.98 25.15 86.0 4.1
1988 09 04 91.75 26.30 07.0 4.1
1988 09 17 95.09 25.21 100.0 4.6
1988 09 19 94.25 21.89 86.0 4.3
1988 09 27 88.37 27.19 28.0 5.0
1988 09 30 98.83 30.32 33.0 4.1
1988 10 09 94.72 24.68 46.0 4.3
1988 10 12 95.73 24.89 33.0 4.2
1988 10 19 94.89 30.05 33.0 4.6
1988 10 22 95.77 25.78 33.0 4.3
1988 11 07 88.47 31.90 33.0 4.0
1988 11 09 98.94 23.24 10.0 4.2
1988 11 27 93.72 23.52 33.0 4.8
1988 11 30 94.56 24.09 83.0 4.0
1988 12 04 95.02 25.12 100.0 4.9
240 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1988 12 13 87.97 27.14 52.0 4.2
1988 12 20 91.12 27.66 39.0 4.6
1988 12 22 98.95 23.05 12.0 4.3
1988 12 24 87.97 26.91 41.0 4.1
1988 12 27 94.74 23.25 124.0 4.7
1988 12 27 87.86 27.98 38.0 4.6
1988 12 28 96.99 26.97 29.0 4.2
1988 12 29 93.34 24.74 79.0 4.0
1988 12 30 93.92 22.42 65.0 4.4
1989 01 02 95.10 24.98 109.0 5.0
1989 01 07 98.83 23.28 18.0 4.0
1989 01 10 92.89 24.62 33.0 4.0
1989 01 19 94.62 30.00 33.0 4.5
1989 01 27 94.95 25.32 93.0 4.2
1989 02 03 89.94 30.19 19.0 5.6
1989 02 03 89.97 30.27 10.0 4.1
1989 02 04 90.09 30.19 10.0 4.4
1989 02 05 90.07 30.12 10.0 4.1
1989 02 12 96.90 26.20 20.0 5.0
1989 02 20 98.02 31.25 43.0 4.4
1989 02 22 98.94 25.98 46.0 4.2
1989 02 28 92.64 27.10 42.0 4.4
1989 03 01 97.98 21.74 11.0 6.0
1989 03 01 97.82 21.62 10.0 4.5
1989 03 08 92.77 26.94 59.0 4.4
1989 03 17 97.87 21.64 33.0 4.6
1989 03 17 97.73 21.95 33.0 4.4
1989 04 03 94.66 25.15 58.0 5.1
Annexure I 241

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1989 04 06 95.11 25.02 103.0 4.2
1989 04 08 96.75 26.41 33.0 4.2
1989 04 09 90.02 29.11 10.0 4.9
1989 04 13 92.43 24.40 10.0 5.2
1989 04 16 95.95 25.08 35.0 4.5
1989 04 18 95.79 29.00 18.0 4.3
1989 04 19 89.96 30.16 39.0 4.4
1989 04 21 95.54 21.66 58.0 4.4
1989 04 22 96.90 26.60 15.0 4.1
1989 04 24 94.84 24.38 119.0 4.7
1989 04 25 98.62 30.72 33.0 4.0
1989 04 25 98.99 30.42 39.0 4.0
1989 04 28 98.89 30.32 10.0 5.4
1989 04 29 91.58 25.61 33.0 4.0
1989 05 03 97.48 31.16 33.0 4.5
1989 05 16 93.58 21.06 33.0 4.1
1989 05 18 94.63 23.43 112.0 4.5
1989 05 22 87.86 27.38 - 5.0
1989 05 31 94.26 22.53 110.0 4.1
1989 06 11 90.70 26.39 50.0 4.9
1989 06 12 89.78 21.83 06.0 5.2
1989 06 12 95.18 24.77 33.0 4.0
1989 06 25 93.62 21.59 63.0 4.2
1989 06 28 94.37 23.79 66.0 4.8
1989 06 28 94.13 23.78 83.0 4.0
1989 07 02 95.87 24.47 52.0 4.2
1989 07 10 94.37 23.53 72.0 4.3
1989 07 15 94.54 22.79 96.0 4.6
242 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1989 07 15 94.45 23.72 33.0 4.3
1989 07 25 92.55 27.55 33.0 4.5
1989 07 30 94.03 24.46 33.0 4.4
1989 08 03 92.66 26.94 33.0 4.3
1989 08 05 95.90 24.88 33.0 4.5
1989 08 09 94.55 24.51 80.0 4.8
1989 09 19 92.65 26.88 25.0 4.5
1989 09 25 94.37 22.69 113.0 4.3
1989 10 10 87.49 28.36 38.0 4.4
1989 10 12 95.52 24.34 33.0 4.1
1989 11 11 94.33 21.09 95.0 4.2
1989 11 19 89.70 28.96 33.0 4.1
1989 11 27 96.53 25.79 36.0 4.4
1989 12 02 93.82 21.21 49.0 5.0
1989 12 03 93.71 21.19 47.0 5.0
1989 12 04 95.26 25.32 146.0 4.2
1989 12 08 93.80 21.19 59.0 4.9
1989 12 08 93.68 21.11 55.0 4.0
1989 12 09 94.58 22.88 114.0 4.6
1989 12 22 94.71 28.88 46.0 4.2
1989 12 29 94.57 24.70 85.0 4.8
1989 12 29 94.27 24.13 99.0 4.1
1989 12 31 94.30 22.63 57.0 4.1
1990 01 09 95.26 24.74 121.0 6.1
1990 01 09 88.11 28.15 36.0 4.7
1990 01 10 94.63 24.46 87.0 4.6
1990 01 10 94.51 22.47 118.0 4.5
1990 01 11 95.38 25.00 145.0 4.5
Annexure I 243

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1990 01 19 95.69 24.67 33.0 4.0
1990 01 23 96.52 25.14 35.0 5.2
1990 02 05 92.41 24.85 33.0 4.0
1990 02 09 98.94 26.05 10.0 4.5
1990 02 18 89.95 29.39 10.0 4.2
1990 02 22 93.13 24.95 52.0 4.7
1990 02 22 90.02 29.14 54.0 4.6
1990 02 23 90.02 29.38 10.0 4.0
1990 02 26 94.01 23.02 93.0 4.6
1990 02 26 94.19 25.29 51.0 4.5
1990 03 01 88.40 28.75 33.0 4.0
1990 03 08 96.64 25.45 24.0 5.5
1990 03 08 96.61 25.39 40.0 4.4
1990 03 10 97.40 30.58 41.0 4.4
1990 03 15 96.47 25.27 50.0 4.0
1990 04 08 94.35 23.85 82.0 4.3
1990 04 10 97.85 21.65 46.0 4.4
1990 04 26 94.57 24.01 85.0 4.1
1990 04 30 95.23 26.54 150.0 4.9
1990 05 06 89.98 29.99 33.0 4.5
1990 05 08 94.93 30.10 33.0 4.0
1990 05 13 88.11 31.47 33.0 4.2
1990 05 14 92.62 22.78 26.0 4.1
1990 05 22 89.96 30.16 - 4.3
1990 05 24 95.52 26.54 94.0 4.5
1990 06 04 94.50 23.64 85.0 4.7
1990 06 14 94.00 24.98 58.0 4.1
1990 06 20 98.54 24.80 33.0 4.0
244 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1990 06 24 94.13 23.01 89.0 4.3
1990 07 13 94.44 23.64 114.0 4.5
1990 07 31 95.62 24.25 33.0 4.3
1990 08 02 94.65 22.67 132.0 4.8
1990 08 02 95.23 24.89 159.0 4.4
1990 08 29 92.74 27.18 25.0 4.2
1990 09 02 92.67 26.58 57.0 4.8
1990 09 10 95.42 24.05 75.0 4.0
1990 10 03 94.29 23.25 77.0 4.5
1990 10 29 92.44 26.47 37.0 4.5
1990 11 03 96.88 27.60 42.0 4.4
1990 11 10 94.84 25.36 102.0 4.7
1990 11 15 93.00 23.81 26.0 5.2
1990 11 29 94.64 24.37 82.0 4.7
1990 12 10 94.42 23.36 79.0 4.1
1990 12 11 92.26 27.75 33.0 4.3
1990 12 28 93.80 22.97 49.0 4.3
1990 12 29 92.59 26.68 27.0 4.2
1991 01 03 95.21 24.32 33.0 4.8
1991 01 05 95.96 23.55 18.0 7.2
1991 01 05 96.04 23.97 43.0 5.7
1991 01 05 96.02 23.82 - 4.3
1991 01 10 95.90 23.55 - 4.2
1991 01 23 95.22 24.72 118.0 5.3
1991 01 23 92.53 24.42 33.0 4.0
1991 01 26 97.10 24.71 34.0 4.4
1991 01 28 95.39 26.08 - 4.9
1991 01 30 95.13 22.49 33.0 4.1
Annexure I 245

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1991 01 31 93.29 23.81 33.0 4.3
1991 02 02 91.17 25.51 26.0 4.6
1991 02 12 97.02 29.54 44.0 4.3
1991 02 13 96.06 23.72 37.0 4.1
1991 02 13 96.89 29.75 28.0 4.1
1991 03 01 95.99 23.87 16.0 4.4
1991 03 07 95.06 24.73 133.0 4.2
1991 03 11 94.74 25.81 33.0 4.6
1991 03 15 87.55 28.34 64.0 4.7
1991 04 09 92.96 26.41 50.0 4.5
1991 04 13 92.52 26.72 56.0 4.5
1991 04 21 95.82 23.18 33.0 4.1
1991 04 27 94.79 29.74 42.0 4.3
1991 05 11 93.68 24.26 44.0 4.7
1991 05 11 96.24 26.46 115.0 4.5
1991 05 25 95.18 25.29 84.0 4.5
1991 05 28 94.95 25.32 115.0 4.4
1991 06 08 96.61 29.31 174.0 4.5
1991 06 23 93.19 26.59 46.0 4.5
1991 06 25 94.02 21.52 58.0 4.0
1991 07 09 94.48 22.14 131.0 4.2
1991 07 18 94.83 30.37 09.0 4.4
1991 07 18 94.71 30.40 33.0 4.1
1991 07 19 95.21 25.14 110.0 4.6
1991 07 20 94.81 30.39 - 4.5
1991 07 20 94.77 30.30 33.0 4.2
1991 07 23 94.83 30.33 14.0 4.0
1991 07 24 94.39 22.27 91.0 4.6
246 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1991 07 24 94.78 30.38 22.0 4.5
1991 07 24 93.58 21.47 33.0 4.5
1991 07 25 94.76 30.39 16.0 4.5
1991 07 28 94.80 30.34 34.0 4.5
1991 07 29 95.16 24.59 128.0 4.3
1991 07 29 94.74 30.34 33.0 4.3
1991 07 29 94.82 30.34 20.0 4.3
1991 07 30 94.81 30.37 26.0 4.5
1991 07 31 98.86 24.86 33.0 4.2
1991 08 04 96.00 23.92 37.0 4.6
1991 08 07 88.66 25.27 10.0 4.2
1991 08 22 91.18 25.29 45.0 4.4
1991 09 01 96.38 26.39 33.0 4.4
1991 09 02 90.47 24.54 78.0 4.4
1991 09 07 93.89 24.15 64.0 4.6
1991 09 09 95.00 28.84 - 4.6
1991 09 12 95.71 29.69 38.0 4.3
1991 09 19 92.14 26.23 33.0 4.5
1991 09 26 90.27 25.59 33.0 4.5
1991 09 27 96.79 26.30 33.0 4.4
1991 09 30 94.42 22.74 89.0 4.5
1991 10 26 96.43 24.01 120.0 4.2
1991 11 09 94.31 22.73 107.0 4.3
1991 11 11 92.86 26.14 33.0 4.1
1991 11 15 92.60 21.02 82.0 4.3
1991 11 17 93.18 24.68 60.0 4.4
1991 11 17 94.74 23.53 91.0 4.1
1991 11 21 96.41 26.61 82.0 4.5
Annexure I 247

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1991 12 04 93.91 23.97 65.0 4.8
1991 12 07 93.81 22.89 79.0 4.5
1991 12 07 93.83 24.00 52.0 4.5
1991 12 14 94.58 23.74 94.0 4.4
1991 12 15 93.88 30.03 33.0 4.5
1991 12 20 93.12 24.69 39.0 5.0
1991 12 21 87.96 27.80 65.0 4.2
1991 12 24 92.52 30.11 20.0 4.1
1992 01 05 94.49 21.50 99.0 4.2
1992 01 13 92.50 24.42 45.0 4.3
1992 01 16 94.73 21.85 10.0 4.2
1992 01 25 98.68 26.06 43.0 4.4
1992 02 06 95.64 29.61 15.0 5.0
1992 02 08 95.46 29.34 57.0 4.0
1992 02 09 95.63 29.65 12.0 4.5
1992 02 09 95.68 29.64 10.0 4.3
1992 02 25 92.23 25.17 33.0 4.6
1992 03 01 94.56 23.40 74.0 4.2
1992 03 07 89.31 29.68 92.0 4.5
1992 03 08 94.65 23.11 93.0 4.3
1992 03 22 95.62 25.96 33.0 4.0
1992 03 23 97.41 26.79 33.0 4.5
1992 03 24 94.31 23.23 123.0 4.4
1992 03 25 95.25 24.82 100.0 4.3
1992 03 28 98.71 21.29 41.0 4.1
1992 04 04 87.96 28.12 25.0 4.6
1992 04 09 96.60 28.14 33.0 4.0
1992 04 13 88.31 31.95 35.0 4.5
248 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1992 04 15 94.93 24.27 131.0 5.2
1992 04 15 90.52 25.32 33.0 4.0
1992 04 20 92.11 26.99 33.0 4.4
1992 04 20 95.23 26.72 42.0 4.3
1992 04 20 91.15 26.64 14.0 4.0
1992 04 23 98.93 22.43 12.0 6.4
1992 04 23 98.88 22.43 10.0 6.3
1992 04 23 98.89 22.30 33.0 4.8
1992 04 26 94.03 23.46 108.0 4.3
1992 05 09 93.96 23.74 56.0 4.1
1992 05 27 94.16 22.54 33.0 4.3
1992 05 28 94.53 22.75 100.0 4.5
1992 05 28 92.06 23.14 07.0 4.2
1992 06 08 94.22 23.36 116.0 4.5
1992 06 08 94.06 28.50 13.0 4.5
1992 06 10 96.71 25.65 33.0 4.5
1992 06 13 93.16 21.81 56.0 4.2
1992 06 15 95.97 24.00 17.0 6.6
1992 06 21 89.20 30.65 35.0 4.0
1992 06 23 95.64 23.55 87.0 4.4
1992 07 02 94.81 24.47 144.0 4.3
1992 07 02 95.55 25.07 13.0 4.1
1992 07 08 93.68 21.06 37.0 4.7
1992 07 09 90.02 21.05 29.0 4.8
1992 07 09 93.22 22.70 10.0 4.3
1992 07 14 93.44 23.61 20.0 4.1
1992 07 24 90.19 29.40 23.0 4.5
1992 07 30 90.18 29.57 31.0 6.0
Annexure I 249

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1992 07 30 90.11 29.83 32.0 4.3
1992 07 30 90.26 29.85 33.0 4.2
1992 07 30 90.29 29.85 33.0 4.1
1992 08 04 90.38 29.84 10.0 4.0
1992 08 08 91.90 25.35 50.0 4.0
1992 08 08 90.28 29.89 33.0 4.0
1992 08 10 95.69 23.98 33.0 4.5
1992 08 16 92.09 30.12 30.0 4.7
1992 08 21 93.55 22.56 25.0 4.0
1992 09 06 95.01 24.53 122.0 5.0
1992 09 08 94.93 28.60 46.0 4.4
1992 09 15 93.78 21.31 51.0 4.7
1992 09 21 93.05 23.34 44.0 4.1
1992 09 25 98.37 23.67 52.0 4.1
1992 10 04 96.41 28.94 29.0 4.3
1992 10 04 94.41 24.62 60.0 4.1
1992 10 05 94.60 24.21 20.0 4.1
1992 10 24 94.22 23.59 124.0 4.4
1992 10 30 95.97 23.75 04.0 4.4
1992 10 31 93.44 27.20 21.0 4.5
1992 11 11 92.80 27.65 67.0 4.2
1992 11 11 94.36 22.55 97.0 4.1
1992 12 12 91.39 25.48 - 4.2
1992 12 20 98.09 21.52 33.0 4.3
1992 12 22 94.73 24.53 103.0 4.1
1992 12 26 94.80 21.01 124.0 4.0
1993 01 01 94.69 22.98 115.0 4.9
1993 01 09 98.87 29.97 33.0 4.3
250 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1993 01 18 90.38 30.84 10.0 6.1
1993 01 18 90.44 30.94 17.0 4.5
1993 01 18 90.41 30.97 - 4.2
1993 01 23 95.67 25.79 111.0 4.4
1993 01 27 93.87 24.13 49.0 4.2
1993 02 12 92.35 23.51 33.0 4.1
1993 02 14 95.08 22.53 33.0 4.1
1993 02 15 87.51 25.89 30.0 4.5
1993 02 15 90.40 30.85 20.0 4.4
1993 02 16 90.16 30.55 33.0 4.2
1993 02 17 94.61 22.90 119.0 4.5
1993 02 17 92.57 26.02 16.0 4.2
1993 03 01 92.98 22.81 24.0 4.2
1993 03 03 90.33 25.56 33.0 4.2
1993 03 05 90.75 28.90 27.0 4.0
1993 03 17 95.82 23.54 35.0 4.1
1993 03 18 94.14 23.93 77.0 4.6
1993 03 20 87.33 29.03 12.0 6.4
1993 03 20 87.34 29.01 21.0 4.7
1993 03 21 87.47 29.06 33.0 4.0
1993 03 27 95.02 24.64 109.0 4.9
1993 03 31 87.33 29.10 16.0 4.8
1993 04 01 94.46 23.21 91.0 5.3
1993 04 01 94.45 23.15 97.0 4.5
1993 04 02 96.52 25.31 33.0 4.6
1993 04 11 94.20 24.01 79.0 4.6
1993 04 12 95.38 28.80 17.0 4.3
1993 04 13 94.22 22.34 90.0 4.4
Annexure I 251

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1993 04 13 96.28 26.47 91.0 4.0
1993 04 14 94.87 24.76 121.0 4.7
1993 04 14 96.53 26.53 22.0 4.4
1993 04 19 95.94 24.57 33.0 4.0
1993 05 01 95.87 24.63 66.0 4.1
1993 05 03 98.07 29.76 10.0 4.7
1993 05 08 95.64 29.05 33.0 4.4
1993 05 11 94.27 22.27 97.0 4.1
1993 05 23 98.79 31.59 47.0 4.4
1993 05 24 96.18 28.91 43.0 4.6
1993 05 26 98.71 31.72 33.0 4.2
1993 05 27 93.60 21.91 54.0 4.1
1993 05 28 93.10 26.62 56.0 4.3
1993 06 12 97.02 29.12 49.0 4.1
1993 06 18 92.45 27.30 25.0 4.2
1993 06 19 95.12 25.45 33.0 4.0
1993 06 23 92.66 27.79 27.0 4.1
1993 06 24 94.58 23.43 111.0 4.0
1993 07 08 93.56 23.83 74.0 4.1
1993 07 14 93.90 23.10 59.0 4.8
1993 07 31 91.87 27.34 71.0 4.1
1993 08 02 93.64 22.84 79.0 4.5
1993 08 06 94.08 23.37 104.0 4.0
1993 08 17 95.67 26.08 109.0 4.5
1993 08 27 95.90 23.10 19.0 4.6
1993 09 01 97.12 27.50 59.0 4.4
1993 09 04 94.81 30.35 - 4.9
1993 09 05 87.27 27.33 32.0 4.2
252 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1993 09 06 94.27 23.49 92.0 5.0
1993 09 06 94.79 30.38 09.0 4.0
1993 09 11 95.10 24.62 60.0 4.3
1993 09 20 92.81 27.94 41.0 4.5
1993 10 02 96.32 25.03 45.0 4.0
1993 10 17 95.32 25.45 33.0 4.2
1993 10 18 98.17 30.03 13.0 4.4
1993 12 02 95.10 23.75 33.0 4.5
1993 12 09 96.55 25.96 33.0 4.2
1993 12 12 92.04 27.29 30.0 4.3
1993 12 15 94.12 23.30 133.0 4.4
1993 12 20 93.87 22.48 86.0 4.5
1993 12 22 94.92 25.04 113.0 4.3
1993 12 31 95.34 29.36 34.0 4.5
1994 01 04 95.97 26.35 108.0 4.3
1994 01 11 97.21 25.21 10.0 6.3
1994 01 11 97.14 25.24 39.0 4.3
1994 01 11 97.08 25.25 32.0 4.2
1994 01 12 97.27 25.17 15.0 4.4
1994 01 20 93.37 24.94 70.0 4.4
1994 01 23 95.75 29.99 44.0 4.4
1994 01 29 94.71 24.44 128.0 4.2
1994 02 15 96.05 24.99 - 4.5
1994 03 05 94.94 24.69 108.0 4.5
1994 03 11 93.28 22.15 69.0 4.1
1994 03 24 91.27 26.22 48.0 4.4
1994 03 27 96.16 24.50 39.0 4.4
1994 03 29 96.53 26.70 90.0 4.4
Annexure I 253

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1994 04 06 96.84 26.16 - 5.9
1994 04 06 96.86 26.19 62.0 4.7
1994 04 09 94.81 24.63 102.0 4.4
1994 04 14 95.58 24.98 192.0 4.7
1994 04 15 90.48 26.07 45.0 4.4
1994 04 18 92.94 26.22 59.0 4.1
1994 04 24 93.21 24.30 32.0 4.2
1994 05 05 95.68 25.66 105.0 4.5
1994 05 05 94.44 24.78 60.0 4.1
1994 05 06 93.61 26.39 33.0 4.0
1994 05 14 98.55 29.54 15.0 4.0
1994 05 17 95.02 25.50 33.0 4.6
1994 05 19 95.30 25.62 108.0 4.7
1994 05 20 94.68 30.68 33.0 4.0
1994 05 25 87.93 27.62 51.0 4.1
1994 05 28 94.13 24.52 69.0 4.4
1994 06 01 92.96 23.04 33.0 4.4
1994 06 02 94.90 25.19 100.0 4.3
1994 06 09 92.19 24.35 53.0 4.1
1994 06 28 95.14 24.79 173.0 4.1
1994 07 09 98.01 24.72 33.0 4.1
1994 07 24 92.78 25.18 27.0 4.4
1994 08 03 93.98 21.50 39.0 5.6
1994 08 05 92.51 26.67 40.0 4.0
1994 08 08 95.21 24.71 116.0 5.5
1994 08 29 96.55 26.71 114.0 4.5
1994 09 03 94.53 24.72 89.0 4.4
1994 09 21 96.86 26.45 23.0 4.1
254 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1994 09 23 94.90 21.52 124.0 4.3
1994 09 23 98.51 22.19 31.0 4.2
1994 10 11 92.00 30.21 39.0 4.3
1994 10 18 94.45 24.13 106.0 4.8
1994 10 18 94.52 24.17 92.0 4.3
1994 10 20 96.51 25.13 33.0 4.3
1994 10 21 93.07 22.27 33.0 4.2
1994 10 24 92.38 27.13 30.0 4.4
1994 10 25 92.23 27.13 29.0 4.8
1994 11 02 95.38 24.85 158.0 4.5
1994 11 21 96.67 25.54 14.0 6.0
1994 11 25 93.31 21.56 43.0 4.4
1994 12 06 94.68 29.02 - 4.3
1994 12 30 88.26 30.43 17.0 4.0
1995 01 01 87.71 27.94 58.0 4.5
1995 01 12 88.21 30.21 34.0 4.1
1995 01 14 94.43 22.33 93.0 4.1
1995 01 17 93.63 24.14 - 4.4
1995 01 20 92.50 27.42 40.0 4.0
1995 02 02 88.04 30.15 10.0 4.3
1995 02 08 95.06 25.07 59.0 4.4
1995 02 17 92.40 27.64 37.0 5.1
1995 03 11 94.51 24.11 114.0 4.1
1995 03 11 88.25 30.11 09.0 4.0
1995 03 13 94.58 22.07 139.0 4.0
1995 03 16 88.09 30.12 51.0 4.3
1995 03 16 88.05 30.04 15.0 4.1
1995 03 18 97.47 27.61 33.0 4.5
Annexure I 255

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1995 03 21 90.34 30.77 - 4.6
1995 03 24 87.41 28.64 123.0 4.2
1995 03 26 92.38 27.61 10.0 4.4
1995 03 26 90.41 30.72 39.0 4.1
1995 03 29 94.23 24.60 49.0 4.5
1995 04 04 96.16 25.11 25.0 4.7
1995 04 09 94.71 24.52 72.0 4.3
1995 04 09 97.99 29.66 33.0 4.0
1995 04 10 94.56 24.48 43.0 4.1
1995 04 14 88.10 30.06 44.0 4.2
1995 04 21 94.72 24.68 39.0 4.1
1995 04 24 88.22 29.95 25.0 4.1
1995 04 28 95.41 24.90 132.0 4.1
1995 04 28 88.13 29.98 - 4.0
1995 05 04 94.97 25.40 170.0 4.4
1995 05 06 95.29 24.96 118.0 5.8
1995 05 06 95.10 24.95 120.0 4.3
1995 05 08 95.12 24.90 119.0 4.8
1995 05 09 95.10 25.24 79.0 4.8
1995 05 09 90.81 26.11 33.0 4.2
1995 05 13 94.52 22.78 116.0 4.2
1995 05 21 95.27 25.05 112.0 4.5
1995 05 30 95.67 27.14 33.0 4.5
1995 06 07 94.08 23.71 - 4.5
1995 06 17 94.14 23.14 36.0 4.7
1995 06 26 94.66 23.63 120.0 4.2
1995 06 27 95.25 25.53 15.0 4.3
1995 06 28 91.91 28.38 28.0 4.1
256 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1995 06 29 98.99 21.92 33.0 5.6
1995 07 03 92.33 27.24 19.0 4.5
1995 07 04 94.84 30.35 - 4.2
1995 07 05 93.72 23.08 84.0 4.0
1995 07 06 94.71 30.24 25.0 4.5
1995 07 10 94.40 28.81 112.0 4.3
1995 07 11 98.96 21.89 11.0 4.6
1995 07 11 98.27 21.26 08.0 4.3
1995 07 11 94.58 24.25 165.0 4.0
1995 07 15 98.95 21.99 32.0 4.1
1995 07 16 94.85 30.37 09.0 4.2
1995 07 19 94.82 30.36 - 4.9
1995 07 19 95.13 24.77 126.0 4.0
1995 07 20 92.26 23.08 27.0 4.0
1995 07 23 98.88 22.03 34.0 4.3
1995 07 29 93.57 23.21 61.0 4.1
1995 07 30 88.21 30.25 48.0 6.4
1995 07 30 94.56 22.96 112.0 4.8
1995 07 30 88.04 30.03 33.0 4.1
1995 07 30 92.67 27.05 88.0 4.0
1995 08 07 98.60 21.71 05.0 4.1
1995 08 08 90.07 26.07 55.0 4.1
1995 08 13 94.53 24.41 81.0 4.0
1995 08 30 95.04 25.29 58.0 4.2
1995 09 05 96.71 27.08 33.0 4.0
1995 09 19 88.25 30.33 - 4.3
1995 09 20 96.65 25.37 21.0 4.7
1995 09 24 97.41 29.03 59.0 4.3
Annexure I 257

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1995 09 26 96.84 27.14 31.0 4.6
1995 09 29 92.62 27.54 33.0 4.1
1995 10 05 88.24 30.17 53.0 4.5
1995 10 09 97.75 24.93 05.0 4.2
1995 10 19 94.42 22.68 87.0 4.3
1995 10 23 93.94 28.44 - 4.1
1995 11 01 95.67 22.46 15.0 4.7
1995 11 07 96.96 24.38 94.0 4.2
1995 11 09 96.82 27.49 69.0 4.0
1995 11 18 93.08 23.87 33.0 4.2
1995 12 01 91.95 24.25 20.0 4.3
1995 12 01 92.14 26.23 54.0 4.1
1995 12 04 91.97 27.25 52.0 4.3
1995 12 06 91.54 24.76 47.0 4.4
1995 12 09 95.11 21.67 33.0 4.0
1995 12 12 96.07 26.87 33.0 4.7
1995 12 25 89.31 31.09 49.0 4.1
1995 12 27 88.14 30.15 58.0 4.4
1996 01 09 95.03 24.69 117.0 4.4
1996 01 12 94.34 21.53 86.0 4.5
1996 01 26 91.51 30.87 43.0 5.4
1996 01 28 94.06 22.76 120.0 4.3
1996 02 05 97.02 21.13 33.0 4.1
1996 02 08 93.22 23.81 76.0 4.5
1996 02 08 94.70 23.41 119.0 4.3
1996 02 11 95.03 24.16 160.0 4.0
1996 02 16 92.06 28.76 - 4.1
1996 02 17 90.60 26.08 45.0 4.0
258 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1996 02 23 93.63 24.41 250.0 4.0
1996 03 04 96.11 24.32 - 4.2
1996 03 04 92.66 23.56 33.0 4.0
1996 03 05 92.96 26.35 77.0 4.0
1996 03 12 88.24 30.09 63.0 4.6
1996 03 13 88.38 30.07 10.0 4.0
1996 03 19 96.36 24.97 33.0 4.3
1996 03 20 93.65 23.69 33.0 4.1
1996 03 21 94.29 21.20 96.0 4.0
1996 04 06 96.25 30.01 15.0 4.2
1996 04 07 96.30 29.99 11.0 4.5
1996 04 22 92.02 30.04 17.0 4.2
1996 04 25 95.19 24.84 111.0 4.4
1996 04 26 87.80 27.84 25.0 4.2
1996 05 01 94.87 29.87 57.0 4.0
1996 05 10 88.15 30.03 - 4.8
1996 05 10 88.06 30.01 48.0 4.4
1996 05 11 88.11 30.05 09.0 4.6
1996 05 11 88.24 30.15 62.0 4.4
1996 05 11 88.11 30.17 54.0 4.1
1996 05 11 94.62 22.72 120.0 4.0
1996 05 14 92.27 26.44 58.0 4.8
1996 05 14 88.03 29.94 43.0 4.1
1996 05 17 88.02 30.01 47.0 4.5
1996 05 17 88.09 30.05 39.0 4.1
1996 05 17 88.11 30.14 33.0 4.0
1996 05 21 92.14 29.32 - 4.4
1996 05 21 93.18 27.05 32.0 4.1
Annexure I 259

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1996 06 03 93.98 27.94 31.0 4.1
1996 06 09 92.26 28.38 58.0 4.7
1996 06 15 93.35 21.62 43.0 4.2
1996 06 18 94.44 22.76 101.0 4.1
1996 06 27 92.29 27.19 - 4.3
1996 06 27 93.97 23.00 36.0 4.0
1996 06 27 92.20 27.18 13.0 4.0
1996 06 28 95.39 24.90 125.0 4.2
1996 06 30 94.48 23.97 18.0 4.5
1996 07 03 88.19 30.11 - 6.0
1996 07 03 88.24 30.19 60.0 4.7
1996 07 03 88.26 30.03 41.0 4.2
1996 07 03 88.17 30.12 33.0 4.1
1996 07 04 88.17 30.07 27.0 4.6
1996 07 04 88.09 30.04 48.0 4.2
1996 07 05 87.79 29.86 46.0 4.1
1996 07 05 92.48 21.85 28.0 4.0
1996 07 06 87.98 29.87 95.0 4.7
1996 07 08 94.77 21.33 120.0 4.8
1996 07 08 88.23 30.15 30.0 4.1
1996 07 08 88.20 30.22 73.0 4.0
1996 07 12 87.88 30.18 33.0 4.3
1996 07 12 92.29 27.15 14.0 4.2
1996 07 12 87.98 30.12 33.0 4.1
1996 07 12 88.33 30.28 43.0 4.0
1996 07 13 88.03 30.02 24.0 4.0
1996 07 17 92.28 26.32 41.0 4.1
1996 07 18 88.18 30.17 72.0 4.4
260 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1996 07 22 88.09 30.02 57.0 4.4
1996 07 23 87.71 31.40 21.0 4.1
1996 07 24 98.97 25.94 39.0 4.0
1996 07 26 96.21 25.11 13.0 5.3
1996 07 27 94.78 21.30 103.0 4.8
1996 07 28 95.34 25.92 79.0 4.8
1996 07 28 94.02 23.58 51.0 4.1
1996 07 31 88.21 30.24 58.0 5.4
1996 07 31 88.13 30.10 33.0 5.4
1996 08 04 93.16 26.43 43.0 4.3
1996 08 06 95.23 24.91 108.0 4.8
1996 08 07 96.54 23.99 41.0 4.2
1996 08 07 88.10 30.16 43.0 4.1
1996 08 09 96.26 22.06 05.0 4.0
1996 08 18 90.15 25.84 39.0 4.1
1996 08 20 94.74 23.95 128.0 4.1
1996 08 25 88.10 30.28 65.0 4.4
1996 08 28 98.74 21.54 62.0 4.1
1996 08 29 88.27 30.30 48.0 4.6
1996 09 08 96.23 24.79 13.0 4.4
1996 09 11 92.82 27.66 - 4.3
1996 09 12 92.51 27.01 40.0 4.5
1996 09 13 88.54 27.32 33.0 4.2
1996 09 14 96.63 25.55 38.0 4.2
1996 09 14 92.71 27.62 50.0 4.0
1996 09 24 88.40 23.42 - 4.3
1996 09 25 88.80 27.60 32.0 4.8
1996 10 03 87.60 28.34 35.0 4.3
Annexure I 261

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1996 10 07 98.25 25.46 33.0 4.1
1996 10 14 88.21 30.09 64.0 4.2
1996 10 17 98.93 21.94 33.0 4.5
1996 10 27 94.99 30.10 53.0 4.3
1996 10 27 93.62 21.59 43.0 4.3
1996 10 31 94.58 23.04 103.0 4.6
1996 11 09 98.87 21.88 35.0 4.6
1996 11 09 92.38 22.11 14.0 4.0
1996 11 17 95.14 24.26 127.0 4.9
1996 11 19 92.68 24.57 27.0 5.0
1996 11 19 93.25 26.46 40.0 4.1
1996 11 20 95.95 28.86 29.0 4.2
1996 11 23 87.93 30.60 33.0 4.2
1996 11 24 92.74 26.84 43.0 4.5
1996 11 26 98.93 28.73 38.0 4.3
1996 12 01 98.46 21.53 40.0 4.3
1996 12 05 96.42 25.44 97.0 4.1
1996 12 10 94.93 25.27 114.0 4.4
1996 12 15 94.00 23.58 56.0 4.4
1996 12 17 94.17 22.77 58.0 4.0
1996 12 20 93.44 23.62 - 4.0
1996 12 23 90.12 26.07 33.0 4.3
1996 12 24 87.91 30.44 - 4.3
1997 01 06 93.18 21.43 33.0 4.0
1997 01 11 96.29 25.20 33.0 4.0
1997 01 12 91.25 26.53 16.0 4.4
1997 01 15 96.06 25.44 - 4.3
1997 01 18 96.80 30.30 36.0 4.4
262 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1997 01 25 88.09 30.06 39.0 4.2
1997 01 30 94.67 25.17 85.0 4.1
1997 02 02 96.60 25.35 70.0 4.4
1997 02 08 92.60 31.65 58.0 4.1
1997 02 09 94.62 24.14 117.0 4.0
1997 02 15 94.51 23.93 108.0 4.5
1997 02 15 94.15 24.17 64.0 4.1
1997 02 18 94.94 22.84 42.0 4.4
1997 02 19 94.96 22.84 38.0 4.4
1997 02 20 96.72 30.22 30.0 4.3
1997 03 05 90.38 30.77 - 4.6
1997 03 07 95.43 29.93 63.0 4.5
1997 03 10 92.68 27.42 38.0 4.2
1997 03 10 92.57 27.33 18.0 4.2
1997 03 13 88.85 31.02 56.0 4.4
1997 03 22 87.96 30.34 33.0 4.3
1997 03 22 87.99 29.92 34.0 4.0
1997 03 23 98.27 27.02 - 4.3
1997 03 25 98.30 25.08 33.0 4.2
1997 04 04 90.38 23.09 - 4.2
1997 04 06 94.44 21.33 98.0 4.5
1997 04 12 97.43 30.36 51.0 4.3
1997 04 13 97.44 30.41 66.0 4.5
1997 04 13 97.50 30.40 60.0 4.1
1997 04 14 94.48 22.59 110.0 4.8
1997 04 15 94.62 22.66 129.0 4.6
1997 04 15 97.07 30.07 119.0 4.1
1997 04 21 94.87 23.32 137.0 4.3
Annexure I 263

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1997 04 21 96.86 24.41 - 4.0
1997 04 25 96.21 26.48 100.0 4.5
1997 05 04 92.53 27.54 24.0 4.0
1997 05 06 93.60 25.15 52.0 4.7
1997 05 08 92.28 24.89 - 5.6
1997 05 12 93.45 25.83 - 4.4
1997 05 16 97.00 30.29 33.0 4.9
1997 05 19 93.89 25.03 65.0 4.5
1997 05 29 96.68 26.49 120.0 4.3
1997 06 02 92.65 28.04 27.0 4.5
1997 06 06 94.08 24.19 95.0 4.5
1997 06 15 89.91 23.98 35.0 4.3
1997 06 22 96.67 30.14 25.0 4.3
1997 06 24 97.24 30.22 54.0 4.6
1997 06 24 96.87 30.20 73.0 4.5
1997 06 24 97.08 30.39 68.0 4.4
1997 06 24 97.01 30.41 53.0 4.1
1997 06 24 96.24 26.35 71.0 4.0
1997 06 24 92.32 25.06 67.0 4.0
1997 06 26 96.77 30.21 21.0 4.2
1997 06 26 96.86 30.33 39.0 4.1
1997 06 26 90.35 30.78 17.0 4.0
1997 06 27 96.95 30.31 54.0 4.2
1997 07 01 95.38 25.00 124.0 4.2
1997 07 02 96.29 30.27 34.0 4.2
1997 07 02 96.94 30.37 26.0 4.1
1997 07 04 96.84 30.27 74.0 4.2
1997 07 04 96.96 30.32 68.0 4.1
264 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1997 07 08 88.21 29.92 80.0 4.3
1997 07 08 96.21 25.51 13.0 4.0
1997 07 10 94.95 29.82 15.0 4.5
1997 07 11 94.86 21.74 152.0 5.2
1997 07 18 91.80 26.83 - 4.1
1997 07 20 89.95 25.40 - 4.0
1997 07 24 95.67 26.09 100.0 4.4
1997 07 24 96.90 30.33 26.0 4.1
1997 07 31 93.22 23.91 33.0 4.7
1997 07 31 93.20 23.89 46.0 4.4
1997 08 04 91.48 28.22 30.0 4.2
1997 08 05 90.98 23.19 33.0 4.2
1997 08 05 94.68 24.39 85.0 4.0
1997 08 06 92.93 26.02 58.0 4.5
1997 08 08 93.64 22.01 90.0 4.1
1997 08 09 97.00 30.33 42.0 4.8
1997 08 09 96.82 30.46 64.0 4.2
1997 08 09 94.78 22.31 115.0 4.0
1997 08 10 97.12 30.19 80.0 4.2
1997 08 11 96.86 30.24 58.0 4.1
1997 08 14 96.94 30.33 58.0 4.1
1997 08 14 96.88 30.25 43.0 4.0
1997 08 17 96.99 30.30 80.0 4.5
1997 08 18 94.83 24.63 117.0 4.0
1997 08 25 94.16 27.55 - 4.0
1997 09 04 94.51 24.47 114.0 4.4
1997 09 13 88.13 30.07 33.0 4.8
1997 09 15 88.21 30.10 43.0 4.6
Annexure I 265

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1997 09 17 97.48 25.83 33.0 4.0
1997 09 18 88.10 28.84 71.0 4.5
1997 09 28 94.97 25.32 118.0 4.3
1997 10 02 93.57 21.48 56.0 4.0
1997 10 05 88.13 30.40 33.0 4.2
1997 10 08 93.46 25.05 66.0 4.4
1997 10 09 96.60 22.65 20.0 4.2
1997 10 26 93.51 23.99 63.0 4.5
1997 10 30 89.73 29.54 45.0 4.2
1997 11 04 94.18 27.09 - 4.6
1997 11 08 96.22 26.49 104.0 4.6
1997 11 08 95.84 28.80 17.0 4.5
1997 11 08 96.95 30.25 53.0 4.4
1997 11 10 89.43 24.22 33.0 4.5
1997 11 10 92.36 23.04 - 4.1
1997 11 11 95.34 26.48 85.0 4.1
1997 11 12 96.65 27.86 - 4.1
1997 11 20 93.80 23.14 67.0 4.2
1997 11 21 92.68 22.22 30.0 5.9
1997 11 21 93.08 21.23 50.0 4.2
1997 11 22 92.66 22.20 53.0 4.5
1997 11 23 96.09 26.18 64.0 4.5
1997 11 25 96.95 27.01 51.0 4.2
1997 11 27 87.31 27.56 33.0 4.4
1997 11 28 94.67 21.93 125.0 4.4
1997 12 02 95.13 25.11 112.0 4.6
1997 12 08 87.27 27.50 33.0 4.6
1997 12 27 96.13 26.41 117.0 4.2
266 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1997 12 29 94.77 23.53 120.0 4.1
1997 12 30 96.59 25.40 33.0 5.8
1997 12 30 96.55 25.29 40.0 4.7
1998 01 02 94.50 23.23 88.0 4.0
1998 01 06 91.76 25.91 61.0 4.2
1998 01 10 96.44 26.52 114.0 4.2
1998 01 13 93.48 28.56 69.0 4.2
1998 01 21 97.66 24.48 16.0 4.3
1998 02 01 87.14 28.19 75.0 4.2
1998 02 08 94.41 24.43 11.0 4.3
1998 02 12 87.91 26.63 37.0 4.3
1998 02 16 98.59 25.85 20.0 4.3
1998 02 16 94.20 23.12 109.0 4.2
1998 02 18 94.23 23.18 30.0 4.5
1998 02 21 95.80 27.37 100.0 4.4
1998 02 22 88.23 30.25 33.0 4.7
1998 02 22 88.32 30.25 12.0 4.3
1998 02 28 87.67 26.95 53.0 4.1
1998 03 01 94.56 23.60 109.0 4.2
1998 03 06 94.40 24.54 49.0 4.0
1998 03 11 94.92 25.15 88.0 4.5
1998 03 15 87.05 29.06 33.0 4.1
1998 04 10 94.98 24.91 123.0 4.5
1998 04 10 94.96 30.46 25.0 4.3
1998 04 15 96.42 25.31 33.0 4.2
1998 04 18 95.75 25.03 20.0 4.1
1998 04 23 94.67 24.93 39.0 4.1
1998 05 02 95.26 24.94 107.0 4.4
Annexure I 267

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1998 05 02 94.20 31.96 33.0 4.3
1998 05 02 93.71 28.19 150.0 4.0
1998 05 06 97.51 24.54 15.0 4.2
1998 05 16 97.81 24.17 29.0 4.2
1998 06 06 89.29 30.51 33.0 5.0
1998 06 06 89.36 30.39 33.0 4.9
1998 06 07 96.33 26.50 46.0 4.0
1998 06 11 93.12 24.33 33.0 4.0
1998 06 18 94.83 24.98 102.0 4.1
1998 06 19 93.61 23.90 61.0 4.2
1998 06 30 94.70 22.93 121.0 4.6
1998 07 02 97.78 30.12 38.0 4.1
1998 07 02 93.69 21.03 45.0 4.1
1998 07 08 91.07 27.32 33.0 4.4
1998 07 13 98.37 21.32 28.0 4.1
1998 07 13 98.36 21.50 21.0 4.0
1998 07 17 94.40 22.76 106.0 4.3
1998 07 20 88.25 30.18 58.0 6.0
1998 07 20 88.02 30.13 33.0 4.8
1998 07 20 87.95 30.31 - 4.6
1998 07 20 88.23 30.43 33.0 4.5
1998 07 20 88.07 30.13 18.0 4.5
1998 07 20 88.07 30.25 33.0 4.4
1998 07 20 88.05 30.19 27.0 4.3
1998 07 20 88.02 30.11 18.0 4.2
1998 07 20 87.79 30.25 41.0 4.2
1998 07 20 88.22 30.04 72.0 4.2
1998 07 20 88.13 30.08 18.0 4.1
268 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1998 07 21 88.21 30.30 42.0 4.8
1998 07 23 88.09 30.18 23.0 4.1
1998 07 27 93.59 24.26 21.0 4.1
1998 07 29 87.94 30.23 60.0 4.0
1998 07 30 87.99 30.17 33.0 4.6
1998 07 31 87.80 28.18 78.0 4.1
1998 08 04 94.39 23.48 43.0 4.0
1998 08 07 88.26 30.31 55.0 4.6
1998 08 10 96.54 25.38 15.0 4.0
1998 08 16 87.95 29.77 33.0 4.5
1998 08 18 91.10 27.65 35.0 4.7
1998 08 23 88.16 30.26 36.0 4.3
1998 08 25 88.16 30.27 53.0 5.8
1998 08 25 88.18 30.06 - 4.7
1998 08 25 88.13 30.04 49.0 4.5
1998 08 25 88.20 30.03 49.0 4.4
1998 08 25 88.62 31.13 33.0 4.4
1998 08 25 88.04 29.97 33.0 4.4
1998 08 25 88.23 30.07 38.0 4.3
1998 08 25 88.23 30.01 18.0 4.3
1998 08 25 88.17 30.07 61.0 4.3
1998 08 25 88.11 30.05 39.0 4.3
1998 08 25 88.09 30.25 27.0 4.2
1998 08 25 88.14 29.92 49.0 4.1
1998 08 28 88.22 30.29 24.0 5.1
1998 08 29 94.74 30.30 22.0 4.3
1998 08 30 88.19 30.14 53.0 5.3
1998 08 30 88.10 30.07 15.0 4.9
Annexure I 269

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1998 09 07 88.22 30.34 53.0 4.6
1998 09 08 88.13 30.39 14.0 4.1
1998 09 10 88.47 27.34 24.0 4.4
1998 09 13 95.93 24.01 23.0 4.6
1998 09 24 94.43 23.39 109.0 4.1
1998 09 26 92.81 27.76 - 4.5
1998 09 28 92.77 27.79 14.0 4.4
1998 09 30 88.12 30.01 34.0 4.8
1998 10 05 88.26 30.26 23.0 5.2
1998 10 16 90.75 25.62 46.0 4.0
1998 10 16 94.60 23.71 72.0 4.0
1998 10 21 94.40 24.39 87.0 4.4
1998 10 24 88.08 30.38 20.0 4.5
1998 10 30 94.15 23.90 105.0 4.2
1998 11 10 93.83 21.06 65.0 4.3
1998 11 17 95.05 25.42 128.0 4.0
1998 11 24 94.51 26.35 55.0 4.2
1998 11 26 87.86 27.69 35.0 4.2
1998 11 29 94.88 29.52 13.0 4.1
1998 12 01 87.68 28.06 67.0 4.6
1998 12 02 93.50 26.40 10.0 4.6
1998 12 02 94.98 25.03 98.0 4.1
1998 12 04 92.29 26.60 40.0 4.0
1998 12 11 95.15 24.72 148.0 4.0
1998 12 21 92.75 22.30 33.0 4.0
1999 01 05 94.58 22.67 111.0 4.2
1999 01 07 94.34 23.45 120.0 4.2
1999 01 12 93.66 22.45 33.0 4.1
270 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1999 01 12 94.38 25.72 55.0 4.0
1999 01 19 96.92 27.11 35.0 4.0
1999 01 20 96.19 26.67 61.0 4.4
1999 01 20 92.63 26.43 57.0 4.2
1999 01 25 97.81 25.03 33.0 4.7
1999 01 28 87.31 28.22 41.0 4.0
1999 02 03 95.94 28.95 30.0 4.6
1999 02 08 92.85 22.16 - 4.3
1999 02 08 92.74 22.17 33.0 4.2
1999 02 11 92.85 22.29 41.0 4.3
1999 02 16 95.37 25.71 91.0 4.0
1999 02 19 94.59 25.35 99.0 4.2
1999 02 19 96.00 29.93 18.0 4.1
1999 02 21 93.67 26.45 41.0 4.1
1999 02 22 93.64 23.26 25.0 5.0
1999 02 28 88.15 31.17 - 4.1
1999 03 11 94.06 25.93 106.0 4.2
1999 03 13 90.63 30.50 27.0 4.5
1999 03 25 87.28 28.12 57.0 4.2
1999 03 29 94.26 23.14 100.0 4.1
1999 04 05 93.72 24.94 31.0 5.6
1999 04 05 93.51 25.00 33.0 5.1
1999 04 07 96.25 26.48 73.0 4.5
1999 04 07 95.97 26.34 14.0 4.5
1999 04 10 87.85 28.04 33.0 4.0
1999 04 14 93.74 24.50 45.0 4.4
1999 04 14 93.81 24.73 33.0 4.2
1999 04 15 93.33 25.80 110.0 4.4
Annexure I 271

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1999 04 15 93.62 25.60 54.0 4.3
1999 04 30 94.14 25.26 33.0 4.4
1999 04 30 93.99 25.24 58.0 4.0
1999 05 09 95.51 24.93 165.0 4.2
1999 05 11 92.76 26.49 15.0 4.4
1999 05 11 92.85 26.56 33.0 4.2
1999 05 25 94.47 23.37 114.0 4.3
1999 05 31 98.65 29.01 51.0 4.7
1999 05 31 98.61 29.02 52.0 4.5
1999 06 09 94.92 25.26 80.0 4.5
1999 06 19 94.35 24.18 80.0 4.2
1999 06 20 92.94 26.33 22.0 4.2
1999 06 26 91.95 26.81 49.0 4.2
1999 06 28 96.60 26.81 - 4.0
1999 07 05 93.78 23.14 122.0 4.1
1999 07 05 93.55 22.87 48.0 4.1
1999 07 22 92.02 21.53 10.0 4.8
1999 07 22 91.90 21.62 10.0 4.7
1999 07 22 92.02 21.53 10.0 4.2
1999 07 28 93.23 25.77 11.0 4.6
1999 07 28 93.34 25.75 61.0 4.1
1999 08 28 89.80 22.92 15.0 4.5
1999 08 30 97.08 21.98 22.0 4.2
1999 09 05 87.53 28.07 33.0 4.5
1999 09 05 87.53 28.07 33.0 4.2
1999 09 05 87.52 28.32 79.0 4.1
1999 09 05 87.52 28.32 79.0 4.0
1999 09 09 93.94 23.26 57.0 4.0
272 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1999 09 20 87.98 27.24 23.0 4.6
1999 09 27 98.97 29.27 25.0 4.2
1999 10 01 94.12 24.30 33.0 4.0
1999 10 03 88.29 30.01 - 4.4
1999 10 03 88.12 30.17 33.0 4.0
1999 10 05 91.98 26.29 33.0 5.2
1999 10 05 91.93 26.26 33.0 4.5
1999 10 06 94.76 23.67 134.0 4.0
1999 10 08 94.48 22.75 115.0 4.0
1999 10 09 91.78 26.18 70.0 4.2
1999 10 09 92.08 26.38 19.0 4.0
1999 10 10 97.01 27.59 - 4.3
1999 10 10 97.40 27.54 72.0 4.2
1999 10 15 90.06 29.61 33.0 4.4
1999 10 15 90.46 29.68 22.0 4.3
1999 10 15 90.46 29.68 22.0 4.0
1999 10 17 93.72 21.89 13.0 4.2
1999 10 19 94.94 24.78 116.0 4.2
1999 10 19 95.24 24.98 145.0 4.0
1999 10 26 92.95 30.13 96.0 4.5
1999 11 05 94.62 21.95 112.0 4.5
1999 11 13 91.55 28.59 45.0 4.0
1999 11 24 93.53 21.85 58.0 4.3
1999 12 02 94.40 21.13 65.0 4.3
1999 12 20 97.72 24.55 35.0 4.5
1999 12 22 94.77 24.11 116.0 4.3
1999 12 23 96.89 26.86 25.0 4.0
1999 12 26 94.56 24.68 100.0 4.2
Annexure I 273

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
1999 12 31 91.77 21.45 30.0 4.2
2000 01 02 92.57 27.60 - 4.6
2000 01 03 92.81 22.12 46.0 4.0
2000 01 09 95.37 31.03 09.0 4.1
2000 01 22 95.39 30.96 33.0 4.4
2000 01 22 95.17 31.19 20.0 4.1
2000 01 23 92.47 22.69 100.0 4.5
2000 01 25 88.36 27.68 32.0 4.6
2000 01 25 92.65 27.68 - 4.6
2000 01 25 92.28 27.48 95.0 4.3
2000 01 25 92.68 27.70 10.0 4.2
2000 01 26 95.49 30.89 33.0 5.2
2000 01 26 92.61 27.69 13.0 4.5
2000 01 30 92.03 29.32 33.0 4.8
2000 02 03 96.45 26.50 97.0 4.0
2000 02 14 93.80 22.30 38.0 4.0
2000 02 20 95.22 31.02 24.0 4.5
2000 02 20 95.39 31.03 32.0 4.2
2000 02 27 94.13 23.03 39.0 4.5
2000 03 03 94.45 22.72 100.0 4.2
2000 03 13 87.73 27.67 92.0 4.7
2000 03 17 91.86 26.71 70.0 4.5
2000 03 18 94.92 25.24 94.0 4.4
2000 03 28 94.58 23.94 111.0 4.8
2000 03 28 93.69 22.26 71.0 4.1
2000 03 30 94.46 24.66 70.0 4.4
2000 04 09 94.98 30.23 - 5.0
2000 04 09 95.00 30.19 18.0 4.9
274 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2000 04 10 88.34 30.15 25.0 4.2
2000 04 18 89.76 25.94 46.0 4.1
2000 04 22 95.16 25.87 52.0 4.0
2000 04 27 94.42 22.47 35.0 4.0
2000 05 03 94.51 23.85 33.0 4.1
2000 05 11 96.81 26.01 - 4.4
2000 05 11 94.23 25.41 38.0 4.0
2000 05 14 91.75 28.25 25.0 4.3
2000 05 23 87.16 31.00 30.0 4.3
2000 05 29 87.13 31.01 25.0 4.6
2000 05 29 87.11 30.93 42.0 4.2
2000 05 31 94.58 22.19 121.0 4.0
2000 06 03 87.26 31.24 12.0 4.6
2000 06 05 97.28 30.57 23.0 4.3
2000 06 07 97.19 26.80 33.0 6.3
2000 06 08 97.14 26.63 - 5.1
2000 06 14 97.01 26.83 20.0 4.8
2000 07 02 94.71 24.52 73.0 5.2
2000 07 04 90.67 24.11 100.0 4.0
2000 07 17 92.31 27.02 33.0 4.5
2000 07 20 95.27 25.70 99.0 4.3
2000 08 02 93.51 22.04 30.0 4.1
2000 08 13 94.74 24.69 75.0 4.5
2000 08 16 92.38 26.67 33.0 4.5
2000 09 10 92.69 28.39 33.0 4.7
2000 10 06 97.80 24.38 33.0 5.4
2000 10 08 88.15 30.42 33.0 4.9
2000 10 09 97.99 30.42 33.0 4.8
Annexure I 275

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2000 10 11 94.80 23.85 - 4.5
2000 10 15 96.41 27.00 70.0 4.2
2000 10 18 88.20 29.95 16.0 4.0
2000 10 19 97.56 24.41 23.0 4.1
2000 10 25 95.79 28.90 28.0 4.1
2000 11 09 91.41 25.31 48.0 4.3
2000 11 09 92.38 22.42 19.0 4.3
2000 11 13 92.86 21.70 - 5.5
2000 11 16 97.51 24.23 35.0 4.6
2000 11 24 95.58 26.34 83.0 4.5
2000 12 02 98.06 29.62 20.0 4.1
2000 12 05 94.61 23.94 35.0 4.0
2000 12 11 98.86 25.70 27.0 4.1
2000 12 22 93.90 23.22 71.0 4.2
2000 12 28 96.57 30.60 32.0 4.3
2001 01 04 98.75 21.47 41.4 4.3
2001 01 24 92.69 27.55 20.9 4.0
2001 03 03 93.68 23.90 32.4 4.2
2001 03 10 91.81 27.98 42.8 4.2
2001 03 16 94.80 30.32 14.6 4.3
2001 04 06 92.62 26.47 42.7 4.0
2001 04 10 94.93 24.59 92.8 4.5
2001 04 10 98.95 24.77 17.0 4.5
2001 04 26 94.76 24.72 35.8 4.2
2001 04 28 87.13 28.77 25.0 4.6
2001 04 29 87.18 28.76 51.7 4.0
2001 05 26 95.01 25.41 64.9 4.3
2001 06 13 94.92 23.55 38.7 4.1
276 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2001 06 14 95.58 26.08 108.1 4.0
2001 06 20 92.23 26.63 60.5 4.0
2001 06 29 93.58 23.27 41.8 4.0
2001 06 30 95.33 24.88 144.1 4.2
2001 08 12 94.94 24.45 106.4 4.5
2001 08 31 95.66 26.70 57.6 5.0
2001 09 10 96.88 28.95 07.8 4.1
2001 09 29 95.15 21.19 25.0 4.1
2001 10 10 98.96 24.82 - 4.1
2001 10 19 93.69 21.08 47.4 4.9
2001 10 25 94.38 22.80 97.9 4.1
2001 10 26 92.89 26.26 47.3 4.0
2001 11 06 91.97 27.39 21.4 4.4
2001 12 02 88.18 27.22 24.5 4.6
2002 01 03 94.09 23.29 79.0 4.0
2002 01 07 94.50 24.24 149.0 4.6
2002 01 09 90.49 24.67 100.0 5.1
2002 01 12 94.37 24.10 121.0 4.0
2002 01 18 93.53 23.75 33.0 5.0
2002 01 28 93.70 23.69 33.0 4.3
2002 01 29 92.27 21.54 145.0 4.6
2002 01 31 87.88 29.93 46.0 4.0
2002 02 06 88.14 31.13 28.0 4.0
2002 03 10 94.24 21.21 87.0 4.9
2002 03 21 88.01 29.98 70.0 4.3
2002 03 23 87.97 30.22 24.0 4.4
2002 03 27 88.13 29.88 33.0 4.0
2002 03 27 93.07 26.60 38.0 4.0
Annexure I 277

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2002 03 28 88.09 30.02 65.0 4.0
2002 03 31 87.92 29.93 27.0 4.3
2002 04 02 96.11 25.53 33.0 4.7
2002 04 02 87.28 29.42 59.0 4.3
2002 04 09 88.12 30.04 65.0 4.0
2002 04 11 97.07 27.23 33.0 4.0
2002 04 17 94.70 24.42 56.0 4.0
2002 04 22 96.42 29.97 147.0 4.2
2002 04 27 96.83 30.29 33.0 4.3
2002 05 05 90.93 22.58 10.0 4.5
2002 05 07 93.86 21.60 59.0 4.1
2002 05 09 87.92 29.97 42.0 4.0
2002 05 26 96.03 23.94 33.0 4.6
2002 06 07 95.18 24.84 153.0 4.0
2002 06 16 87.96 29.92 13.0 4.0
2002 06 20 88.87 25.87 38.0 5.1
2002 06 20 91.28 25.32 23.0 4.1
2002 07 03 89.36 30.15 33.0 4.1
2002 07 04 94.54 22.83 107.0 4.5
2002 07 04 94.54 22.83 107.0 4.3
2002 07 07 94.51 22.36 132.0 5.4
2002 07 09 98.86 31.72 10.0 4.5
2002 07 09 87.95 29.86 45.0 4.4
2002 07 11 90.80 25.81 10.0 4.6
2002 07 14 94.09 23.87 48.0 4.5
2002 07 14 93.81 23.41 71.0 4.3
2002 07 14 94.09 23.87 48.0 4.1
2002 07 16 87.69 27.65 33.0 4.1
278 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2002 07 18 98.28 21.22 33.0 4.6
2002 07 18 98.22 21.20 28.0 4.3
2002 07 20 92.18 25.12 31.0 4.6
2002 07 20 92.18 25.12 31.0 4.0
2002 07 29 93.50 23.38 33.0 4.0
2002 07 30 98.81 31.83 29.0 4.1
2002 08 01 88.03 29.93 33.0 4.2
2002 08 03 93.22 22.17 52.0 4.1
2002 08 06 87.99 30.06 44.0 4.5
2002 08 14 97.92 21.20 26.0 4.1
2002 08 16 88.00 30.11 21.0 4.1
2002 08 16 98.38 31.05 28.0 4.0
2002 08 20 92.80 27.21 54.0 4.1
2002 08 22 88.22 29.93 50.0 4.5
2002 08 31 88.06 29.88 16.0 4.7
2002 10 05 95.27 24.85 159.0 5.4
2002 10 05 94.63 24.41 49.0 4.3
2002 10 11 93.81 23.01 71.0 4.5
2002 10 11 87.92 29.82 39.0 4.4
2002 10 11 88.40 31.22 69.0 4.2
2002 10 14 91.75 24.71 45.0 4.2
2002 10 16 93.50 21.18 41.0 5.1
2002 10 17 97.63 29.73 49.0 4.0
2002 10 22 93.49 22.60 66.0 4.1
2002 10 24 93.51 21.47 66.0 4.0
2002 10 29 88.19 31.17 72.0 4.3
2002 10 30 93.88 23.33 93.0 5.3
2002 11 01 93.80 22.52 75.0 4.2
Annexure I 279

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2002 11 14 92.43 27.44 79.0 4.3
2002 11 16 92.47 26.28 26.0 4.5
2002 11 16 90.45 29.79 11.0 4.4
2002 11 16 90.34 29.67 - 4.3
2002 11 16 90.37 29.66 - 4.0
2002 11 16 90.44 29.80 10.0 4.0
2002 11 18 94.65 21.47 35.0 4.0
2002 11 29 90.31 29.68 10.0 4.6
2002 11 30 95.07 28.62 31.0 4.6
2002 12 12 93.66 23.52 69.0 5.5
2002 12 14 96.61 25.42 20.0 4.1
2002 12 16 87.99 29.87 33.0 4.3
2002 12 16 90.44 29.71 - 4.1
2002 12 24 96.48 30.43 20.0 4.3
2002 12 25 93.98 23.23 76.0 5.3
2002 12 29 94.07 22.76 115.0 5.3
2003 02 05 89.76 27.21 33.0 4.7
2003 02 15 90.59 25.93 10.0 4.0
2003 03 18 94.89 25.30 92.0 4.6
2003 03 25 89.38 27.26 51.0 5.4
2003 03 31 91.95 26.62 74.0 4.0
2003 05 23 92.29 26.91 86.0 4.0
2003 05 29 92.73 27.23 22.0 4.2
2003 05 30 92.77 27.02 58.0 4.3
2003 06 04 93.73 23.23 43.0 4.5
2003 06 23 88.15 27.77 80.0 4.5
2003 07 08 88.13 27.29 17.0 4.5
2003 07 08 88.13 27.29 17.0 4.3
280 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2003 07 26 92.33 22.89 - 6.5
2003 07 26 92.33 22.89 - 5.6
2003 07 27 92.34 22.84 - 5.4
2003 07 27 92.34 22.84 - 4.4
2003 07 27 92.24 22.79 - 4.1
2003 07 27 92.20 22.62 49.0 4.0
2003 07 27 92.30 22.85 38.0 4.0
2003 07 29 95.92 26.25 34.0 4.3
2003 07 29 95.92 26.25 34.0 4.1
2003 08 01 92.28 22.85 15.0 4.3
2003 08 01 92.28 22.85 15.0 4.2
2003 08 08 96.87 26.64 13.0 4.7
2003 08 08 96.87 26.64 13.0 4.1
2003 08 18 95.56 29.55 29.0 5.5
2003 08 18 95.56 29.55 29.0 5.3
2003 08 18 95.56 29.55 29.0 5.2
2003 08 18 95.59 29.44 33.0 4.3
2003 08 18 95.59 29.44 33.0 4.2
2003 08 18 95.39 29.52 33.0 4.2
2003 08 18 95.59 29.44 33.0 4.0
2003 08 19 96.72 25.54 - 4.0
2003 08 20 92.74 27.44 33.0 4.6
2003 08 24 96.31 25.03 17.0 4.4
2003 08 24 94.78 24.77 77.0 4.4
2003 08 24 94.78 24.77 77.0 4.4
2003 08 24 96.31 25.03 17.0 4.3
2003 08 26 93.56 25.03 36.0 4.5
2003 08 26 93.56 25.03 36.0 4.5
Annexure I 281

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2003 08 27 93.52 22.92 49.0 4.1
2003 08 30 95.78 23.74 71.0 4.4
2003 09 05 98.83 22.16 10.0 4.1
2003 09 13 94.35 24.20 86.0 4.5
2003 09 29 87.90 27.39 33.0 4.4
2003 10 06 95.26 29.73 44.0 4.1
2003 10 15 94.87 24.60 125.0 4.0
2003 10 29 95.92 26.02 78.0 4.4
2003 11 06 96.83 21.00 10.0 4.0
2003 11 08 93.66 23.61 50.0 4.0
2003 11 09 92.91 21.84 37.0 4.5
2003 11 11 94.10 22.97 81.0 4.1
2003 11 19 94.96 24.61 145.0 4.4
2003 11 29 93.36 25.84 35.0 4.3
2003 12 06 90.39 25.57 27.0 4.1
2003 12 19 92.31 22.80 33.0 4.0
2003 12 20 94.11 22.01 76.0 4.1
2003 12 23 89.21 31.16 - 4.1
2003 12 27 88.11 27.28 67.0 4.1
2003 12 30 96.37 25.32 47.0 4.4
2004 02 19 96.58 25.40 15.0 4.2
2004 02 27 87.60 28.13 78.0 4.3
2004 03 07 91.22 31.65 16.0 5.2
2004 03 20 94.79 23.63 95.7 4.4
2004 04 09 95.03 24.62 105.4 4.0
2004 04 13 95.07 24.68 107.9 4.4
2004 05 24 95.11 24.63 111.3 4.3
2004 05 24 97.14 27.05 01.4 4.3
282 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2004 05 27 89.22 26.28 10.0 4.2
2004 06 03 95.04 25.26 80.0 4.4
2004 06 14 94.27 23.23 78.8 4.3
2004 06 19 95.47 25.24 33.5 4.2
2004 06 28 96.47 26.52 81.6 4.3
2004 07 15 96.60 25.41 48.2 4.0
2004 07 23 88.12 30.18 - 4.5
2004 08 20 94.30 26.28 - 4.0
2004 09 10 93.35 23.89 59.4 4.0
2004 09 17 93.15 23.78 - 4.0
2004 09 18 93.31 23.87 40.8 4.3
2004 09 20 93.62 21.53 91.7 4.2
2004 09 23 96.31 31.12 31.6 4.4
2004 09 24 96.34 27.46 70.8 4.1
2004 09 27 95.52 29.77 13.9 4.9
2004 09 27 98.98 24.81 12.4 4.2
2004 10 08 89.40 25.79 95.7 4.8
2004 10 08 94.30 24.30 - 4.5
2004 10 08 95.78 25.31 56.5 4.4
2004 10 10 87.73 27.73 10.0 4.1
2004 10 12 97.27 29.53 49.7 4.2
2004 10 26 92.89 31.75 10.0 4.5
2004 10 27 98.71 29.23 24.0 4.4
2004 10 27 98.62 28.97 10.0 4.1
2004 11 04 94.48 23.39 110.0 4.1
2004 11 05 93.71 24.09 - 4.4
2004 11 27 98.18 25.15 37.4 4.4
2004 12 01 89.46 30.55 10.0 4.3
Annexure I 283

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2004 12 07 92.43 24.41 72.2 4.0
2004 12 09 92.54 24.76 - 5.4
2004 12 26 91.77 23.97 33.0 5.1
2004 12 28 87.93 23.84 10.0 4.5
2004 12 29 87.28 23.37 10.0 5.2
2004 12 31 88.08 23.68 10.0 4.9
2004 12 31 87.60 23.52 10.0 4.4
2005 01 01 87.05 23.51 10.0 4.5
2005 01 01 87.29 21.56 10.0 4.4
2005 01 01 88.25 27.01 33.0 4.3
2005 01 04 98.75 24.84 24.0 4.2
2005 01 06 96.60 25.43 44.2 4.4
2005 01 07 98.86 25.12 36.5 4.4
2005 01 07 87.09 23.33 10.0 4.3
2005 01 07 87.14 22.97 10.0 4.3
2005 01 07 94.80 23.58 129.0 4.1
2005 01 12 87.60 23.35 10.0 4.5
2005 01 14 94.58 21.98 110.2 4.0
2005 01 15 87.26 23.53 10.0 4.8
2005 01 18 94.70 22.97 - 4.6
2005 01 20 87.25 23.88 10.0 4.7
2005 01 20 87.19 22.91 10.0 4.2
2005 02 03 95.56 26.13 - 4.8
2005 02 07 89.81 30.30 10.0 4.5
2005 02 07 95.60 31.29 10.0 4.0
2005 02 08 94.33 22.97 97.3 4.1
2005 02 15 94.54 24.43 - 4.8
2005 02 15 92.52 24.55 35.2 4.7
284 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2005 02 21 89.15 26.06 10.0 4.0
2005 03 11 90.49 27.34 52.6 4.1
2005 03 12 87.20 22.99 10.0 4.4
2005 03 23 95.29 26.08 - 4.7
2005 03 25 94.84 25.48 - 4.9
2005 03 26 87.93 28.26 70.7 4.5
2005 04 01 87.41 23.66 10.0 4.8
2005 04 05 92.39 22.49 10.0 4.1
2005 04 12 94.45 22.43 111.6 4.3
2005 04 13 87.12 23.72 10.0 4.5
2005 04 16 87.01 23.40 10.0 4.8
2005 04 19 94.48 23.71 90.1 4.2
2005 05 01 87.28 23.33 10.0 4.5
2005 05 03 91.06 25.76 - 4.0
2005 05 08 90.26 30.10 - 4.3
2005 05 15 92.56 31.53 33.0 4.4
2005 05 27 95.74 23.13 10.0 4.1
2005 05 29 92.42 26.93 56.0 4.0
2005 06 01 94.63 28.88 - 5.7
2005 06 03 92.64 31.70 10.0 4.0
2005 06 14 95.69 26.07 83.7 4.5
2005 06 14 87.92 27.21 44.4 4.3
2005 06 20 94.54 22.55 88.6 4.1
2005 06 24 93.14 26.48 54.2 4.0
2005 07 02 96.09 28.79 46.1 4.3
2005 07 07 97.25 26.94 36.0 4.1
2005 07 17 94.99 21.02 - 4.6
2005 07 17 93.39 26.41 - 4.1
Annexure I 285

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2005 07 21 92.16 22.94 10.0 4.3
2005 08 17 93.81 22.78 47.4 4.0
2005 08 19 93.81 21.79 - 4.2
2005 08 20 88.17 31.22 54.0 4.7
2005 08 20 88.21 31.14 10.0 4.1
2005 08 28 87.42 27.64 38.8 4.5
2005 09 10 96.52 25.97 - 4.0
2005 09 12 90.20 25.72 33.0 4.1
2005 09 18 94.84 24.62 87.5 4.8
2005 10 07 88.34 31.43 10.0 4.9
2005 10 28 98.67 29.55 10.0 4.0
2005 10 29 93.96 22.60 - 4.1
2005 11 03 87.04 23.54 10.0 4.5
2005 11 10 98.61 24.68 33.0 4.5
2005 12 27 93.93 24.80 50.0 4.6
2005 12 29 96.16 24.98 33.0 4.4
2006 01 27 94.53 23.10 48.0 4.2
2006 02 01 89.09 31.93 10.0 4.5
2006 02 03 89.61 30.34 10.0 4.5
2006 02 03 98.89 30.75 - 4.1
2006 02 03 98.91 30.97 33.0 4.0
2006 02 06 90.36 31.34 33.0 4.4
2006 02 11 92.14 27.20 42.0 4.5
2006 02 12 91.61 23.90 46.0 4.1
2006 02 14 91.05 24.95 33.0 4.9
2006 02 14 88.35 27.34 33.0 4.9
2006 02 14 95.04 31.64 56.0 4.4
2006 02 14 88.94 30.37 10.0 4.4
286 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Depth Magnitude

O O
( E) ( N) (km) (Mw)
2006 02 16 94.28 24.26 75.0 4.2
2006 02 18 95.11 31.81 45.0 4.0
2006 02 21 95.07 31.68 33.0 4.1
2006 02 23 91.65 26.85 29.0 5.3
2006 02 23 93.08 22.93 33.0 5.2
2006 02 23 93.18 24.95 33.0 4.8
2006 02 23 91.31 26.41 10.0 4.6
2006 02 24 91.94 26.84 64.0 4.2
2006 03 02 95.49 22.29 33.0 4.8
2006 03 02 94.60 24.17 33.0 4.7
2006 03 03 87.51 30.89 33.0 4.9
2006 03 05 88.55 30.06 33.0 4.7
2006 03 05 95.20 31.77 33.0 4.5
2006 03 09 95.09 31.76 54.0 4.5
2006 03 09 95.13 31.73 60.0 4.1
2006 03 09 95.10 31.80 10.0 4.0
2006 03 21 93.94 24.70 58.0 4.5
2006 03 25 92.14 26.74 38.0 4.5
2006 03 25 95.59 21.19 33.0 4.5
2006 03 25 94.68 22.62 33.0 4.5
2006 03 25 93.85 23.17 41.0 4.4
2006 03 25 92.91 22.49 - 4.3
2006 04 02 88.30 29.91 138.4 5.0
2006 04 09 88.61 25.83 133.0 4.4
2006 04 11 87.36 28.11 10.0 4.8
2006 04 14 94.47 24.31 101.0 4.5
2006 04 19 90.33 31.50 24.0 5.3
2006 05 11 95.59 21.19 33.0 5.3
 ANNEXURE II

Predominant Frequency at 141 Ambient

Noise Survey Locations

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

1 Madhavdev Nagar 26.142 91.693 8.4 Granite-Hill

Maligaon
2 Sandilpur 26.169 91.669 0.2 Levee (10-150m)
3 Pandu Sadilapur 26.171 91.674 0.7 Levee
4 Signal & Telcom Trg Ctr 26.170 91.676 0.7 Levee
5 Pandu Water Terminal 26.172 91.680 1.9 Levee
6 Pandu Rly Station 26.174 91.683 1.6 Levee
(around 100m)
7 Sangdham Ashram
Kalipur 26.169 91.619 2.3 Granite
8 Ajra 26.106 91.616 0.7 T3 (> 200m)
9 Agyathuri 26.199 91.672 7.5 Granite
10 Bamunigaon 26.193 91.669 1.5 T3
11 Baish Para (Garigaon) 26.169 91.672 0.7 Active flood plain
12 University 26.158 91.669 1.2 T2 (> 75 m)
13 Prakrit Nagar 26.155 91.694 1.2 T2 (> 75 m)
14 Jaluk Bari 26.157 91.677 3.4 T2 (around 50 m)
15 Bansipara Maligaon 26.160 91.685 1.0 T2 (> 75 m)
16 Kamakhya Rly Station 26.155 91.695 0.8 T2 (> 75 m)
17 Dharapur West 26.140 91.628 0.7 Levee (> 250 m)
18 Dharapur 26.142 91.639 0.7 T2 (> 150 m)
19 Khanapara 26.154 91.651 0.8 T2 (around 100m)
288 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

20 Forest Colony 26.148 91.666 0.8 Granite / Pediment

21 APRO 26.138 91.650 0.9 T2 (around 50 m)
22 Engineering College 26.142 91.672 2.7 T2 (> 150 m)
23 Padambari 26.146 91.679 0.4 T2 (> 100 m)
24 Gota Nagar 26.145 91.683 1.7 T3 (around 75 m)
25 Nambari 26.148 91.688 4.7 T2 (around 75 m)
26 Nambari Officer’s Club 26.146 91.692 0.9 T3 (< 25 m)
27 Dharapur 26.130 91.619 0.6 T3 (> 250 m)
28 Baragaon 26.119 91.684 0.4 T2 (> 150 m)
29 Haiguthipara 26.140 91.679 0.3
30 Devchtal 26.106 91.672 0.6 Pediment
31 Nanapara 26.135 91.623 0.5 T2 (> 225 m)
32 Teteliya 26.132 91.674 3.7 T2 (around 150 m)
33 Paschim Baragaon 26.125 91.683 2.5 T2 (> 25 m)
34 West Baragaon 26.123 91.687 2.0 T2 (> 25 m)
(Dawpara)
35 Ajra 26.124 91.620 0.6 T3 (> 225 m)
36 Garchuk / Baragaon 26.119 91.694 0.4 T2 (around 100 m)
37 Pub Baragaon 26.121 91.698 9.0 T2 (around 50 m)
38 Gotsu 26.116 91.607 0.3 T2 (<100 m)
39 Gadheiu Bazar 26.115 91.616 0.7 T3 (> 225 m)
40 Remote Area 26.105 91.673 2.2 Pediment
41 Magnapara 26.104 91.676 0.9 Pediment
42 Pamachi IV 26.103 91.686 0.7 T2 (< 25 m)
43 Pama Hill 26.104 91.694 2.1 T2 (around 25 m)
44 Pamachi III 26.104 91.686 2.4 T2 (< 25 m)
45 Pamachi II 26.105 91.707 4.2 T2 (around 25 m)
46 Manakuram 26.109 91.705 1.0 T2 (< 100 m)
47 Garchuk Nagar 26.119 91.704 5.3 T2 (> 25 m)
48 Guw University 26.158 91.680 1.0 T2 (> 50 m)
49 Azra Rly Station 26.102 91.616 0.8 T3 (around 200 m)
Annexure II 289

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

50 Khanamukh 26.140 91.635 0.9 T2 (< 200 m)

51 Kamakhya Temp (low) 26.169 91.719 1.1 Granite
52 Kalit Suba (Dalibari) 26.200 91.640 0.5 T2 (> 200 m)
53 Lachitpur 26.181 91.658 1.3 Levee (>150 m)
54 Garigaon 26.169 91.662 1.4 Levee (> 150 m)
55 Magnapara 26.103 91.682 2.0 T2 (< 25 m)
56 Napara (Dadra) 26.113 91.638 0.5 T2 (< 600 m)
57 Padmabari 26.146 91.680 0.9 T2 (> 100 m)
58 Pander Port 26.170 91.678 0.4 Levee
59 Sharmanjli 26.193 91.644 1.0 T2 (< 150 m)
60 IIT Hills Middle 26.195 91.691 1.1 T3 (> 50 m)
61 IIT hill top 26.195 91.692 0.9 T3 (> 50 m)
62 Joyguru 26.207 91.683 1.1 T2
63 Birla School 26.193 91.682 0.8 T2
64 IIT One 26.191 91.694 0.9 T3 (< 50 m)
65 IIT CRPF 26.191 91.702 1.4 T2 (> 50 m)
66 Panipara 26.183 91.666 0.9 T2 (> 150 m)
67 Silamukhti 26.194 91.669 0.7, 2.1 Granite
68 Kalibari 26.183 91.674 0.8 T2 (< 150 m)
69 Lutia Bagicha 26.189 91.696 3.2 T2 / T3
70 Mariapatti 26.180 91.682 1.1, 2.6 T2
71 IIT Low 26.190 91.692 3.4 Granite / T3
72 DPS Ahamgaon 26.108 91.721 0.9 T2 ( > 150 m)
73 CID office Beltala 26.127 91.797 1.1 T2/T3 ( > 100 m)
74 Bharalmukn PS 26.170 91.730 1.0 Levee ( > 100 m)
75 PHE Office Betkuchi 26.110 91.724 0.8 T2 ( > 150 m)
76 PWD Bamuni Moidan 26.184 91.781 1.9 T2 ( < 50 m)
77 Govt. Art College 26.097 91.789 7.5 Granite (50 m RL)
Bashistha
78 Swadeshi Academy 26.158 91.818 3.5 Granite/Pediment
Barbari (100m RL)
290 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

79 RK Mission Birubari 26.166 91.752 1.2 T2 ( > 100 m)

80 S. Dev Netralaya, 26.122 91.799 2.7 T2 (around 25 m)
Beltola
81 Nab Milan Sangha 26.120 91.787 0.9 T3 (> 75 m)
Bhetapara
82 Assembly House, 26.144 91.788 1.5 T3 ( > 50m)
Beltola
83 Birubari-Rupnagar 26.160 91.755 2.3 T2 (< 25m)
Vidyalaya
84 Soil Cons Office, 26.164 91.780 1.1 T2 (around 25m)
Chidiyakhana
85 Irrigation Office 26.184 91.772 1.9 T2 ( > 50 m)
Chandmari
86 Dte of Veternary 26.190 91.758 2.9
Chenkutti
87 State Zoo Chidiyakhana 26.163 91.790 8.2 Granite
88 ASSTC Dakhingaon 26.129 91.745 4.1 Granite
89 Datalpara Phatasil 26.130 91.721 1.8 Granite
90 Housefed Dispur 26.137 91.790 1.4 T2 (> 50 m)
91 CPWD Office Fancy 26.184 91.739 1.2 Levee
Bazar (around 75 m)
92 GSI Office Ganeshguri 26.155 91.785 1.7 T2 ( > 50 m)
93 RRSL Gitanagar 26.172 91.796 3.8 Granite
94 Assam State Museum 26.185 91.752 1.1 Granite
GNB Rd
95 K D Nursing 26.164 91.745 2.1 T2 (< 25m)
Gopinathnagar
96 Kaziranga Academy 26.097 91.723 2.4 T3 (< 25m)
Garooghuli
97 Ganeshpara Phatasil 26.138 91.725 1.6 T2 (around 50 m)
98 Gitanagar PS 26.173 91.781 1.2 T2 (around 75 m)
99 Guwahati Comm College 26.182 91.796 2.0 T2 ( < 50 m)
100 A Ghosh Hatigaon 26.137 91.782 1.5 T2 ( > 50 m)
Annexure II 291

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

101 Veterinary Shelter 26.148 91.811 2.4 Pediment

Hengrabari
102 PHE Office Hengrabari 26.152 91.793 2.4 T2 (> 50 m)
103 NJ Vidyalaya Japarigog 26.159 91.788 1.6 T2 (around 25 m)
104 Gyan Institute Jutikuchi 26.133 91.737 3.6 Granite
105 Donbosco Social 26.199 91.770 7.0 Granite
Forum Jeypur
106 Jyoti Nagar 26.190 91.784 9.5 Granite
107 Veterinary Coll 26.123 91.829 2.4 T2 (around 100 m)
Khanapara
108 HS School Kamakhya 26.163 91.707 3.6 Granite
109 Bodo GH Khanapara 26.118 91.815 6.6 Granite
110 DPEP Office Kahelipara 26.144 91.771 3.4 T2 ( > 50 m)
111 Dept Geol & Mines 26.135 91.758 7.2 T2 (around 25 m)
Kahelipara
112 Forest Beat Office 26.160 91.742 0.6 T2 ( > 75 m)
Kalapahar
113 Barsajai Kerakuchi 26.121 91.771 0.9 T2 ( > 100 m)
114 JCFTI Kahelipara 26.146 91.768 8.2 Granite
th
115 4 AP Batalion 26.147 91.752 4.8 Granite
Kahelipara
116 Forest Range office 26.102 91.751 2.2 T2 (<25m)
Kakhora
117 Nat Pub School 26.113 91.738 0.9 T2 (>50m)
Lalungaon
118 Narangi (Private 26.178 91.830 4.9 T2 (around 25m)
Godown)
119 Kendriya Vidyalaya 26.203 91.792 4.8 Granite
Nunmati
120 IOC Nunmati 26.182 91.814 2.4 T2 (<50m)
121 IOC High School 26.190 91.801 4.7 Granite
Nunmati
122 Housfed Natbama 26.130 91.770 0.9 T2 (>50m)
292 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Master Predominant Site Geology

Serial Station Name Lat Long Frequency (Basement
No. (°N) (°E) Depth)

123 Lower Prim School 26.191 91.767 5.9 Granite

Navagraha
124 IOC Nunmati 26.181 91.813 1.6 T2 (<50m)
125 SS Kalakshetra 26.130 91.822 2.9 T2 (<25m)
Panjabari
126 CD Warehouse 26.171 91.829 2.1 Granite
Patharquary
127 Defodil Sch Juripara 26.137 91.818 1.0 T2 (around 75m)
Panjabari
128 RG Baruah College 26.163 91.736 3.0 T2 (around 75m)
Phastasil
129 Patharkuchi PS 26.102 91.810 1.0 T2 (<25m)
130 DEC Training Rehaban 26.173 91.748 1.1 T2 (>100m)
131 APWD office Sawkuchi 26.122 91.749 1.5 T2 (around 25m)
132 AERC office 26.144 91.797 3.1 T2 (around 75m)
Saramatariya
133 Sawkuchi Dispensary 26.111 91.769 1.0 T2 (>75m)
134 BH LTD Six mile 26.132 91.808 1.1 T2 (around 100 m)
135 Kuchpara Salgaon 26.154 91.837 1.1 T3 (>100m)
136 Noapara Mosque 26.144 91.830 1.1 T2 (>75m)
Satgaon
137 Nagaland House 26.135 91.808 1.1 T2 (around 100m)
Sachal Road
138 Navjyoti Elec upper 26.151 91.805 4.2 Granite
Hengrabari
139 Police Camp 26.114 91.817 5.7 T2
Udayanagar
140 Planetorium Ujanbazar 26.192 91.752 1.6 Granite
141 B Barooah College 26.178 91.758 2.2 T2 (>75m)
Ulubari
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 001 Location : Behind Building Center(AEC)

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting : 03/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Completion : 05/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.14167° Ground Water table : 2.10m
Longitude : E 91.66125°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)

16.00
Coarse sandy clay with 16.50 22 28 * refusal 28
mix silt from 16m to 17.5m 17.00

18.00 18.00 29 * * refusal 39

19.00
19.50 26 * * refusal 37
20.00
Blue sandy clay with
mix silt from 17.5 m to 21.00 21.00 24 * * refusal 36
29.0 m
22.00
22.50 34 * * refusal 35
23.00

24.00 24.00 32 * * refusal 33

25.00
25.50 32 * * refusal 32
26.00

27.00 27.00 34 * * refusal 31

28.00
28.50 30 * * refusal 30
29.00
Fine sand with mix silt

30.00

294
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 002 Location : Near Jalukbari.

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting : 05/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring. Date of Completion : 07/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.15736° Ground Water table : 0.70m
Longitude : E 91.67229°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)
0.00
Filled up soil upto 2.0m
1.00
1.50 0 1 1 2 3
Bluish Clay from 2m to 2.00
2.8m
3.00 3.00 1 2 3 5 7
Greyish brown clay from
2.8m to 4.6m 4.00
4.50 3 5 6 11 14
Redish grey clay from 5.00 5.00
4.6m to 5.0m
6.00 6.00 3 5 7 12 14

7.00
Greyish brown clay from 7.50 2 3 6 9 9
5.0m to 10.0m 8.00

9.00 9.00 3 3 5 8 8

10.00 10.00
greyish brown clay with 10.50 3 5 7 12 12
mix silt from 11.00
10.0m to 11.8m
12.00 12.00 3 6 10 16 15
Brownish silty clay from
11.8 m to 15.3 m 13.00
13.50 4 7 9 16 14
14.00

15.00 15.00 4 9 23 32 21

295
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 002 Location : Near Jalukbari.

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting : 05/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring. Date of Completion : 07/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.15736° Ground Water table : 0.70m
Longitude : E 91.67229°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)

16.00
Brownish fine sand with 16.50 8 12 20 32 20
mix silt from 17.00
15.3m to 25.0m
18.00 18.00 8 12 23 35 21

19.00
19.50 9 11 22 33 20
20.00

21.00 21.00 15 25 * refusal 26

22.00
22.50 20 28 * refusal 25
23.00

24.00 24.00 24 * * refusal 24

25.00
25.50 29 * * refusal 24
Brownish coarse sand with 26.00
mix silt from 25.0m to 27.0m
27.00 27.00 32 * * refusal 23

28.00
Fine sand with mix silt 28.50 30 * * refusal 23
from 27.0m. To 30.0m 29.00

30.00

296
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 003 Location : Near Environment Science

Project : Microzonation Deptt.(G.U.)
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Starting :05/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.15273° Date of Completion :06/01/2005
Longitude : E 91.65732° Ground Water table : 0.50m

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)
0.00

Bluish/ Redish silty clay 1.00

upto 3.3m 1.50 4 6 9 15 26
2.00

3.00 3.00 2 4 6 10 17
Bluish / redish sandy clay
from 3.3 to 5.6 m 4.00
4.50 6 8 10 18 26
5.00

6.00 6.00 4 6 8 14 19
Brownish/ bluish silty clay
from 5.6m to 12.0m 7.00
7.50 4 7 8 15 19
8.00

9.00 9.00 7 12 14 26 31

10.00
10.50 8 12 13 25 28
11.00

12.00 12.00 4 8 11 19 21

Redish and bluish clay from 13.00

12.0m to 15.5m 13.50 5 9 13 22 23
14.00

15.00 15.00 6 9 14 23 23

297
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 003 Location : Near Environment Science

Project : Microzonation Deptt.(G.U.)
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Starting :05/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.15273° Date of Completion :06/01/2005
Longitude : E 91.65732° Ground Water table : 0.50m

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)

16.00
Bluish silty clay from 15.5m 16.50 7 11 17 28 27
to 20.0m 17.00

18.00 18.00 12 21 27 49 45

19.00
19.50 18 27 * refusal 44
20.00

21.00 21.00 22 28 * refusal 29

22.00
Sand from 20.0m to 26.8 m 22.50 22 30 * refusal 28
23.00

24.00 24.00 15 35 * refusal 27

25.00
25.50 12 38 * refusal 26
26.00

27.00 27.00 10 15 22 37 27

Bluish silty clay from 26.8 m 28.00

to 30.0 m. 28.50 10 18 23 41 29
29.00

30.00

298
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 004 Location : Near Saat Mile (Bus Stop)

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting :07/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Completion :09/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.14808° Ground Water table : 0.50m
Longitude : E 91.64718°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected 15cm 15cm 15cm N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S Value
(m) (m)
0.00
Filled up soil upto 1.0m
1.00
Greyish blue clay from 1.50 1 2 2 4 7
from 1.0m to 3.15 m 2.00

3.00 3.00 2 8 8 16 24
Greyish blue sandy clay
from 3.15m to 4.65 m 4.00
4.50 3 1 2 3 4
5.00
Bluish sandy clay with mix 5.50
silt from 4.65m to 10.0m 6.00 6.00 0 0 0 0 0

7.00
7.50 0 1 1 2 2
8.00

9.00 9.00 2 3 4 7 7

10.00
Bluish silty clay from 10.0m 10.50 3 3 5 8 8
to 12.15 m 11.00

12.00 12.00 3 8 16 24 19

Browins fine sand with mix 13.00

silt from 12.15 to 15.30m 13.50 7 10 19 29 21
14.00

15.00 15.00 9 7 10 17 15

299
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 004 Location : Near Saat Mile (Bus Stop)

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting :07/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Completion :09/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.14808° Ground Water table : 0.50m
Longitude : E 91.64718°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected 15cm 15cm 15cm N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S Value
(m) (m)

Brownish clay with mix silt 16.00

from 15.3m to 17.m 16.50 6 8 10 18 15
17.00
Greyish silty clay from
17.0 m to 19.20m 18.00 18.00 9 13 17 30 24

19.00
Fine sand with mix silt from 19.50 13 18 33+ refusal 27
19.2m to 20.3m 20.00

21.00 21.00 21 27 23+ refusal 26

22.00
Brown coarse sand from 22.50 15 25 25+ refusal 26
20.3m to 26.0m 23.00

24.00 24.00 15 28 22+ refusal 25

25.00
25.50 20 31 19+ refusal 24
26.00
gravel found

27.00 27.00 at 26m.SPT

couldnot be

Gravel found from 26.0m 28.00 continued.

28.50 50 blows of

29.00 DCPT at

40cm.

30.00

300
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 005 Location : Khanamukh (Check Gate)

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting :07/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Completion :08/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.14073° Ground Water table :0.50m
Longitude : E 91.63915°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)
0.00
Bluish / Redish clay upto
5.5m 1.00
1.50 1 2 5 7 12
2.00

3.00 3.00 4 9 9 18 26
3.50
4.00
4.50 5 9 10 19 25
5.00

6.00 6.00 8 9 12 21 26

Brownish silty clay from 7.00

5.5m to 9.0m 7.50 9 9 14 23 27
8.00

9.00 9.00 4 7 9 16 17

10.00
10.50 6 8 11 19 18
11.00
Brownish clayey sand from
9.0m to 22.0m 12.00 12.00 8 10 11 21 19

13.00
13.50 8 12 14 26 21
14.00

15.00 15.00 13 26 24+ refusal 31

301
 Soil test borehole chart

BH No. : 005 Location : Khanamukh (Check Gate)

Project : Microzonation Date of Starting :07/01/2005
Boring Method : Wash Boring Date of Completion :08/01/2005
Latitude : N 26.14073° Ground Water table :0.50m
Longitude : E 91.63915°

Sample SPT
Description Depth Strata Collected N- Ncr Remarks
(m) D/S U/S 15cm 15cm 15cm Value
(m) (m)

16.00
16.50 15 25 25+ refusal 30
17.00

18.00 18.00 17 28 22+ refusal 29

19.00
19.50 20 31 19+ refusal 28
20.00

21.00 21.00 23 34 16+ refusal 27

22.00
22.50 25 35 15+ refusal 27
23.00

Sand from 22.0m upto 24.00 24.00 30 45 5+ refusal 26

27.0 m.
25.00
25.50 32 50 * refusal 25
26.00

27.00 27.00 38 50 * refusal 25

Gravel found

Gravel found from 27.20m 28.00 at 27.2m

DCPT

29.00 performed.

30.00 30.00

302
 ANNEXURE IV
Physical and Shear Parameters of Sediment as Obtained from 200 Boreholes

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

1 2.00 1.97 1.99 1.57 2.63 0.67 40.00 42.80 23.62 19.18 0.420 7.0

3.50 1.98 1.98 1.59 2.62 0.65 39.00 44.00 22.87 21.13 0.430 6.5

5.00 1.98 1.99 1.61 2.63 0.63 39.00 43.60 21.56 22.04 0.450 7.0

6.50 1.97 1.98 1.58 2.63 0.66 40.00 0.420 7.5

8.00 2.00 1.99 1.62 2.61 0.61 38.00 47.20 22.48 24.72 0.440 6.0

10.50 2.01 2.00 1.62 2.64 0.63 39.00 0.340 11.0

12.00 1.99 2.03 1.66 2.62 0.58 37.00 40.70 23.51 19.19 0.360 10.0

15.00 2.00 2.00 1.62 2.62 0.62 38.00 45.90 22.63 23.27 0.450 7

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

2 1.50 2.00 37.45 15.78 21.67

2.50 3.00 1.98 2.69 0.758 0.38

3.00 3.50 38.66 17.53 21.13

4.50 5.00 39.24 18.76 20.48

5.50 6.00 1.99 2.67 0.738 0.41

6.00 6.50 34.89 19.52 15.37

7.50 8.00 33.59 18.56 15.03

8.50 9.00 1.97 2.68 0.70 0.49

10.50 11.00 31.88 18.36 13.52

12.00 12.50 32.45 17.64 14.81

 304
Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

3 NO DATA 1.50 2.00

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

4 NO DATA

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

5 0.00 1.00 2.12 1.60 2.60 0.62 35.08 22.51 12.57 0.65 0

1.00 3.50 2.00 1.55 2.60 0.67 34.70 21.95 12.75 0.62 0

3.50 4.50 1.96 1.50 2.60 0.73 34.10 21.60 12.50 0.58 0

Seismic Microzonation Atlas

6.00 7.00 1.91 1.50 2.63 0.75 43.10 27.19 15.91 0.25 10

7.00 9.00 2.07 1.65 2.60 0.58 32.70 21.33 11.37 0.98 0

13.20 13.95 2.03 1.63 2.65 0.62 0 36

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

6 3.5 1.87 1.45 2.60 0.793 44.00 46.30 23.75 22.55 0.20 7.5

4.5 1.90 1.51 2.63 0.708 41.00 0.10 19.0

6.5 1.91 1.53 2.62 0.712 41.00 0.30 11.0

9.0 1.92 1.65 2.67 0.618 38.00 0.00 31.0

11.0 1.96 1.59 2.60 0.635 39.00 48.80 23.67 24.63 0.48 7.0

14.0 1.97 1.60 2.61 0.631 39.00 48.30 23.67 24.63 0.50 6.5

Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

7 1.5 1.83 1.86 1.39 2.61 0.877 47.00 43.80 24.68 19.12 0.14 7.0

3.0 1.85 1.88 1.43 2.62 0.832 45.00 41.50 0.13 8.5
5.0 1.84 1.87 1.41 2.60 0.844 46.00 45.30 23.87 21.43 0.16 5.0
8.0 1.83 1.87 1.42 2.61 0.838 45.00 48.70 22.95 25.75 0.15 6.0
10.5 2.01 2.14 1.83 2.67 0.459 31.00 0.08 28.0
13.5 2.03 2.05 1.71 2.60 0.520 34.00 47.60 23.22 24.3 0.48 7.0
 Annexure IV
Bh_No. Depth From To Bulk Wet Saturated Dry SpGr Void Porosity% LL% PL% PI C Kg/cm2 φ
(m) (m) (m) Den Den Den Den R

8 1.00 1.45 1.842 1.973 1.562 2.650 0.696 0.410

1.50 1.95 42 20 22

2.50 2.95 1.993 2.013 1.617 2.680 0.658 0.397

3.00 3.45 42 20 22

4.00 4.45 1.997 2.025 1.634 2.680 0.640 0.390

4.50 4.95 42 20 22

5.50 5.95 2.034 2.021 1.629 2.680 0.645 0.392

6.00 6.45 42 20 22

7.00 7.45 2.006 2.028 1.640 2.680 0.634 0.388

7.50 7.95 46 22 24

8.50 8.95 2.055 2.023 1.633 2.676 0.638 0.390

9.00 9.45 46 22 24

10.00 10.45 2.039 2.020 1.628 2.676 0.643 0.392

10.50 10.95 46 22 24

11.50 11.95 2.032 2.036 1.655 2.676 0.617 0.382

12.00 12.45 46 22 24

305
 ANNEXURE V

Shear Wave Velocity Data at Different Depth

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

1 312.6 (2) 308.3 (2) 315.2 (3) 372.8 (2) 355.6 (2)
2 261.0 (2) 192.3 (1) 248.9 (3) 274.4 (3) 269.3 (3)
3 312.6 (2) 266.5 (1) 293 (1) 315.2 (3) 294.8 (3)
4 269.6 (2) 265.3 (2) 248.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
5 316.9 (2) 240.0(1) 294.8 (3) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
6 208.2 (1) 248.1 (2) 239.5 (2) 239.5 (2) 279.5 (3)
7 282.4 (1) 286.8 (2) 274.4 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
8 282.5 (2) 213.2 (3) 284.6 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
9 224.1 (1) 312.6 (2) 299.9 (3) 279.5 (3) 269.3 (3)
10 286.8 (2) 305.0 (3) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
11 213.5 (1) 259.1 (3) 305 (3) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
12 282.5 (2) 208.1 (3) 238.7 (3) 289.7 (3) *
13 213.5 (1) 315.2 (3) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
14 197.6 (1) 289.7 (3) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
15 291.1 (2) 312.6 (2) 294.8 (3) 274.4 (3) 269.3 (3)
16 187.0 (1) 228.5 (3) 259.1 (3) 284.6 (3) 279.5 (3)
17 176.4 (1) 176.4 (1) 171.1 (1) 295.4 (2) 279.5 (3)
18 165.8 (1) 176.4 (1) 197.6 (1) 295.4 (2) 279.5 (3)
19 160.5 (1) 239.5 (2) 252.4 (2) 299.9 (3) 274.4 (3)
308 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

20 181.7 (1) 176.4 (1) 187 (1) 295.4 (2) 259.1 (3)
21 155.2 (1) 181.7 (1) 187 (1) 254 (3) 278.2 (2)
22 208.2 (1) 197.6 (1) 304 (2) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3)
23 261.0 (2) 245.3 (1) 254 (3) 274.4 (3) 274.4 (3)
24 286.8 (2) 240 (1) 277.1 (1) 294.8 (3) 284.6 (3)
25 304.0 (2) 286.8 (2) 202.9 (1) 181.7 (1) 243.8 (3)
26 229.4 (1) 229.4 (1) 289.7 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
27 229.4 (1) 250.6 (1) 289.7 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 ( 3)
28 181.7 (1) 208.2 (1) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
29 248.1 (2) 197.6 (1) 213.5 (1) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
30 252.4 (2) 213.5 (1) 351.3 (2) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
31 181.7 (1) 187 (1) 213.5 (1) 218.8 (1) 274.4 (3)
32 171.1 (1) 224.1 (1) 176.4 (1) 282.5 (1) 377.1 (3)
33 293 (1) 234.7 (1) 265.3 (1) 213.5 (1) 224.1 (1)
34 218.8 (1) 181.7 (1) 218.8 (1) 208.2 (1) 271.8 (1)
35 208.2 (1) 266.5 (1) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3) 269.3 (3)
36 250.6 (1) 266.5 (1) 321.2 (2) 208.2 (1) 310.1 (3)
37 171.1 (2) 233.6 (3) 305 (3) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3)
38 273.9 (2) 266.5 (1) 202.9 (1) 273.9 (2) *
39 139.3 (1) 224.1 (2) 264.2 (2) 291.1 (3) 278.2 (3)
40 149.9 (1) 187 (1) 310.1 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
41 171.1 (1) 165.8 (1) 245.3 (1) 334.1 (2) 284.6 (3)
42 261 (1) 250.6 (2) 265.3 (2) 279.5 (3) 254 (1)
43 202.9 (1) 265.3 (2) 284.6 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
44 213.5 (1) 269.3 (3) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3) 264.2 (3)
45 171.1 (1) 176.4 (1) 265.3 (2) 208.2 (1) 240 (1)
46 202.9 (1) 294.8 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3) 264.2 (3)
Annexure V 309

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

47 176.4 (1) 187 (1) 269.3 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
48 282.5 (2) 304 (2) 224.1 (1) 240 (1) 261.2 (1)
49 197.6 (1) 294.8 (3) 294.3 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
50 266.5 (1) 208.2 (1) 299.9 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
51 245.3 (1) 293 (1) 240 (1) 294.8 (3) 248.9 (3)
52 235.2 (2) 299.7 (2) 279.5 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
53 213.5 (1) 192.3 (1) 347 (2) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
54 218.8 (1) 255.9 (1) 359.9 (2) 250.6 (1) 229.4 (1)
55 192.3 (1) 181.7 (1) 208.2 (1) 305 (3) 274.4 (3)
56 208.2 (1) 271.8 (1) 282.4 (1) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
57 155.2 (1) 240 (1) 274.4 (3) * *
58 256.7 (2) 192.3 (1) 279.5 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
59 176.4 (1) 197.6 (1) 291.1 (2) 269.3 (3) *
60 192.3 (1) 312.6 (2) 240 (1) 255.9 (1) 325.5 (2)
61 187 (1) 192.3 (1) 252.4 (2) 334.1 (2) 274.4 (3)
62 208.2 (1) 266.5 (1) 229.4 (1) 261.2 (1) 286.8 (2)
63 218.8 (1) 261.2 (1) 351.3 (2) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3)
64 248.1 (2) 273.9 (2) 291.1 (2) 274.4 (3) 243.8 (3)
65 181.7 (1) 273.9 (2) 208.1 (3) 284.6 (3) *
66 176.4 (1) 282.4 (1) 377.1 (2) 359.9 (2) 282.4 (1)
67 252.4 (2) 265.3 (1) 192.3 (1) 218.3 274.4 (3)
68 208.2 (1) 273.9 (2) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3) 274.4 (3)
69 234.7 (1) 277.1 (1) 240 (1) 338.4 (2) 325.5 (2)
70 278.2 (2) 316.9 (3) 187 (1) 208.2 250.6
71 187 (1) 278.2 (2) 286.8 240 (2) 325.5
72 234.7 (1) 381.4 (2) 304 (2) 250.6 (1) 224.1 (1)
73 197.6(1) 186.8 269.6 (2) 269.6 (2) 284.6 (3)
310 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

74 176.4 (1) 197.6 (1) 228.5 (3) 294.8 (3) 264.2 (3)
75 250.6 (1) 234.7 (1) 271.8 (1) 338.4 (2) 274.4 (3)
76 192.3 (1) 304 (2) 269.6 (2) 295.4 274.4 (3)
77 273.9 (2) 269.6 (2) 335.6 (3) 338.4 (2) 321.2 (2)
78 368.5 (2) 368.5 (2) 396.8 (3) 310.1 (3) *
79 282.5 (2) 213.5 (1) 278.2 (2) 304 (1) *
80 269.6 (2) 325.5 (2) 233.6 (3) 304 (2) 359.9 (2)
81 321.2 (1) 314.2 (1) 299.7 (1) 321.2 (2) 274.4 (3)
82 228.5 (3) 279.5 (3) 299.9 (3) 248.1 (2) 274.4 (3)
83 202.9 (1) 282.4 (1) 299.9 (3) 250.6 (1) 325.5 (2)
84 368.5 (2) 359.9 (2) 320.3 (3) 284.6 (3) 334.1 (2)
85 192.8 (3) 282.5 (2) 202.9 (1) 192.3 (2) 234.7 (1)
86 187(1) 282.5(2) 224.1(1) 274.4(3) 325.5 (2)
87 277.1 (1) 240 (1) 334.1 248.9 (2) 279.5 (3)
88 273.9 (2) 273.9 (2) 224.1 (1) 192.3 (1) 295.4 (2)
89 261 (2) 308.3 (2) 338.4 (2) 277.1 (1) 266.5 (1)
90 248.9 329.8 269.6 (2) 192.8 (3) *
91 187 (1) 202.9 (1) 181.7 (1) 314.2 (1) 279.5 (3)
92 282.5 (2) 282.5 (2) 269.6 (2) 279.5 (3) 294.8 (3)
93 234.7 (1) 240 (1) 295.4 (2) 312.6 (2) 284.6 (3)
94 160.5 (1) 250.6 (1) 243.8 (2) 171.1 (1) 240 (1)
95 197.6 (1) 291.1 (2) 282.5 (2) 266.5 (1) 277.1 (1)
96 187 (1) 202.9 (1) 187 (1) 299.7 (2) 305 (1)
97 202.9 (1) 265.3 (2) 234.7 (1) 330.1 (1) 277.1 (1)
98 213.5 (1) 338.4 (2) 291.1 (2) 330.1 (1) 271.8 (1)
99 224.1 (1) 255.9 (1) 213.5 (1) 271.8 (1) 279.5 (3)
100 250.6 (1) 197.6 (1) 197.6 (1) 289.7 (3) 319.5 (1)
Annexure V 311

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

101 347 273.9 282.5 316.9 279.5 (3)

102 255.9 (1) 312.6 (2) 291.1 (2) 224.1 (1) 269.3 (3)
103 239.5 160.5 197.6 299.9 284.6 (3)
104 265.3 295.4 187 (1) 308.3 284.6 (3)
105 261 (2) 325.5 (2) 202.9 (1) 202.9 (1) 299.9 (3)
106 197.6 282.5 256.7 261.2 279.5 (3)
107 160.5 295.4 192.3 (1) 338.4 359.9
108 224.1 303.6 264.2 295.4 279.5 (3)
109 234.7 299.7 197.9 295.4 294.8
110 208.2 181.7 (1) 213.5 308.3 *
111 287.7 255.9 269.3 316.9 312.6
112 187 (1) 274.4 (3) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
113 197.6 (1) 316.9 (2) 321.2 (2) 284.6 (3) *
114 202.9 282.4 224.1 312.6 284.6
115 218.8 (1) 269.6 (2) 278.2 (2) 197.6 (1) 264.2 (3)
116 245.3 (1) 294.8 (3) 305 (3) 384.6 (3) 279.5 (3)
117 324.8 305 (3) 192.3 310.1 279.5 (3)
118 269.6 (2) 269.6 (2) 252.4 (2) 324.8 (1) 279.5 (3)
119 187 (1) 299.7 (2) 218.8 (1) 314.2 (1) 324.8 (1)
120 269.6 (2) 312.6 (2) 286.8 187 279.5 (3)
121 252.4 (2) 192.3 (1) 271.8 (1) 192.3 (1) 308.3 (2)
122 197.6 (1) 320.3 (3) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
123 239.5 286.8 291.1 282.5 305 (3)
124 252.4 (2) 291.1 (2) 265.3 (2) 284.6 (2) 334.1 (3)
125 160.5 (1) 330.5 (3) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
126 265.3 (2) 233.6 (3) 299.9 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
127 269.6 282.5 229.4 269.6 304 (2)
312 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

128 218.8 (1) 218.8 (1) 321.2 (2) 329.8 (2) 321.2 (2)
129 218.8 (1) 381.4 (2) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
130 273.9 (2) 229.4 (1) 274.4 (3) 266.5 (1) 279.5 (3)
131 176.4 (1) 279.5 (3) 304 (2) 284.6 (3) *
132 218.8 (1) 261.2 (1) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 294.8 (3)
133 165.8 (1) 314.2 (1) 305 (3) 289.7 (3) *
134 299.7 (1) 340.7 (3) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
135 240 (1) 325.4 (3) 192.3 (1) 261.2 (1) 279.5 (3)
136 187 (1) 224.1 (1) 293 (1) 289.7 (3) 187 (1)
137 181.7 (1) 303.6 (1) 245.3 (3) * *
138 181.7 (1) 208.2 (1) 310.1 (3) * *
139 197.6 (1) 181.7 (1) 255.9 (1) 197.6 (1) 350.9 (3)
140 278.2 (2) 279.5 (3) 208.2 (1) 278.2 (2) 338.4 (2)
141 282.4 (1) 325.4 (3) 305 (3) 321.2 (2) 274.4 (3)
142 192.3 (1) 197.6 (1) 284.6 (3) 284.6 (3) 427.4 (3)
143 208.2 (1) 312.6 (2) 342.7 (2) 284.6 (3) 279.5 (3)
144 192.3 (1) 261.2 (1) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
145 213.5 (1) 181.7 (1) 259.1 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
146 218.8 (1) 224.1 (1) 289.7 (3) 284.6 (3) *
147 286.8 (2) 299.9 (3) 295.4 (2) 255.9 (1) 250.6 (1)
148 181.7 (1) 171.1 (1) 192.3 (1) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
149 202.9 (1) 218.8 (1) 229.4 (1) 266.5 (1) *
150 295.4 (2) 329.8 (2) 310.1 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
151 208.2 (1) 261.2 (1) 299.9 (3) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
152 202.9 (1) 286.8 (2) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 269.3 (3)
153 261.2 (1) 312.6 (2) 299.9 (3) 289.7 (3) *
154 165.8 (1) 176.4 (1) 254 (1) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3)
Annexure V 313

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

155 208.2 (1) 202.9 (1) 266.5 (1) 284.6 (3) 223.4 (3)
156 197.6 (1) 208.2 (1) 330.5 (3) 335.6 (3) 315.2 (3)
157 187 (1) 213.5 (1) 224.1 (1) 202.9 (1) 245.3 (1)
158 208.2 (1) 278.2 (2) 259.1 (3) 299.9 (3) *
159 213.5 (1) 218.8 (1) 287.7 (1) 294.8 (3) 279.5 (3)
160 176.4 (1) 218.8 (1) 229.4 (1) 218.8 (1) 208.2 (1)
161 229.4 (1) 273.9 (2) 181.7 (1) 213.5 (1) 299.7 (2)
162 187 (1) 229.4 (1) 213.5 (1) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
163 338.4 (2) 424.4 (2) 250.6 (1) 308.3 (1) 295.4 (1)
164 245.3 (1) 286.8 (2) 304 (2) 294.8 (3) 284.6 (3)
165 229.4 (1) 197.6 (1) 255.9 (1) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
166 282.5 (2) 299.7 (2) 310.1 (3) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
167 208.2 (1) 261.2 (1) 315.2 (3) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
168 181.7 (1) 229.4 (1) 316.9 (2) 289.7 (3) 274.4 (3)
169 176.4 (1) 197.6 (1) 238.7 (3) * *
170 181.7 (1) 245.3 (1) 228.5 (3) 224.1 (1) 213.5 (1)
171 240 (1) 286.8 (2) 269.6 (2) 229.4 (1) 291.1 (1)
172 213.5 (1) 187 (1) 187 (1) 277.1 (1) *
173 202.9 (1) 213.5 (1) 261.2 (1) 213.5 (1) 325.5 (2)
174 269.6 (2) 269.6 (2) 286.8 (2) 316.9 (2) 316.9 (2)
175 197.6 (2) 278.2 (2) 299.7 (2) 224.1 (1) 284.6 (3)
176 187 (1) 250.6 (1) 234.7 (1) 213.5 (1) 243.8 (3)
177 269.6 (2) 234.7 (1) 338.4 (2) 289.7 (3) 279.5 (3)
178 187 (1) 208.2 (1) 291.1 (2) 286.8 (2) *
179 192.3 (1) 269.3 (3) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
180 223.4 (3) 245.3 (1) 255.9 (1) 224.1 (1) *
181 224.1 (1) 213.5 (1) 294.8 (3) * *
314 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Bore SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY AT DEPTH m/sec (equation used)

Hole 0.00m- 6.00m- 12.00m- 18.00m- 24.00m-
ID 6.00m 12.00m 18.00m 24.00m 30.00m

182 208.2 (1) 265.3 (2) 295.4 (2) 299.7 (2) 312.6 (2)
183 218.8 (1) 287.7 312.6 (2) 321.2 (2) 368.5 (2)
184 282.4 (1) 372.8 (2) 234.7 (1) 334.4 (1) 315.2 (3)
185 218.8 (1) 286.8 (2) 299.9 (3) 284.6 (3) 279.5 (3)
186 155.2 (1) 192.3 (1) 208.2 (1) 312.3 (2) 329.8 (2)
187 187 (1) 238.7 (3) 310.1 (3) 345.8 (3) 345.8 (3)
188 240 (1) 282.4 (1) 261.2 (1) 305 (3) 254 (3)
189 277.1 (1) 287.7 (1) 277.1 (1) 289.7 (3) 289.7 (3)
190 187 (1) 381.4 (2) 271.8 (1) * *
191 224.1 (1) 334.1 (2) 305 (3) 289.7 (3) *
192 181.7 234.7 304 (2) 271.8 261.2
193 229.4 (1) 202.9 (1) 265.3 (2) 304 (2) 329.8 (2)
194 197.6 (1) 264.2 (3) 310.1 (3) * *
195 165.8 (1) 208.2 (1) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
196 245.3 (1) 320.3 (3) 305 (3) 284.6 (3) 274.4 (3)
197 165.8 (1) 213.5 (1) 312.6 (2) 338.4 (2) 314.2 (1)
198 261.2 (1) 321.2 (2) 250.6 (1) 359.9 (2) 303.6 (1)
199 230.9 269.6 (2) 310.1 (3) * *
200 213.5 334.1 308.3 312.6 (2) 274.4 (3)

Equations used (after Fumal and Tinslay, 1985) :

1 - 5.3N +134 for clay and silty clay

2 - 4.3N +218 for silt loam and sandy clay

3 - 5.1N +152 for sand and gravelly sand

* Hard rock N> 50

 ANNEXURE VI

Effective Shear Wave Velocity (Vs30) for each Borehole

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

1. 26.14167 91.66125 331.13

2. 26.15736 91.67229 245.00
3. 26.15273 91.65732 295.86
4. 26.14808 91.64718 267.38
5. 26.14073 91.63915 282.19
6. 26.13753 91.62938 240.38
7. 26.12998 91.62280 280.90
8. 26.12088 91.61617 265.96
9. 26.10162 91.61213 273.22
10. 26.09853 91.60620 289.02
11. 26.09957 91.59685 264.56
12. 26.10955 91.60723 250.00
13. 26.10744 91.59333 273.22
14. 26.11728 91.59867 261.78
15. 26.13875 91.60713 287.36
16. 26.12150 91.60505 241.55
17. 26.13850 91.62132 207.47
18. 26.14743 91.63057 210.97
19. 26.15033 91.63953 234.74
20. 26.16930 91.66760 210.08
316 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

21. 26.16420 91.64974 201.61

22. 26.16909 91.68080 248.76
23. 26.14820 91.66824 261.78
24. 26.15969 91.68063 274.73
25. 26.16035 91.68913 234.74
26. 26.14802 91.67838 257.73
27. 26.13695 91.67352 263.16
28. 26.14543 91.68246 240.38
29. 26.15994 91.71165 240.38
30. 26.15052 91.68468 263.71
31. 26.17373 91.72914 210.97
32. 26.17079 91.72370 225.23
33. 26.17092 91.76926 242.72
34. 26.16844 91.72948 216.45
35. 26.15103 91.73013 260.42
36. 26.18119 91.77602 264.55
37. 26.15991 91.73655 245.10
38. 26.11085 91.78908 250.00
39. 26.17793 91.77400 222.22
40. 26.16747 91.74498 224.22
41. 26.17194 91.73618 222.22
42. 26.17378 91.77418 261.78
43. 26.17139 91.73836 257.73
44. 26.14195 91.72871 260.42
45. 26.17572 91.73512 205.76
46. 26.12717 91.72135 259.07
47. 26.18357 91.73866 228.31
48. 26.16684 91.77177 259.07
49. 26.18992 91.75242 264.55
50. 26.18618 91.74863 263.16
Annexure VI 317

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

51. 26.16974 91.75236 261.78

52. 26.17605 91.75524 232.22
53. 26.18457 91.74117 251.26
54. 26.18155 91.77837 255.10
55. 26.18472 91.75443 223.21
56. 26.18798 91.73660 261.78
57. 26.18906 91.79023 209.79
58. 26.18773 91.74272 251.26
59. 26.18668 91.76568 223.46
60. 26.18640 91.78783 256.41
61. 26.16159 91.77460 236.97
62. 26.18573 91.76258 247.52
63. 26.18482 91.77630 274.73
64. 26.15980 91.77876 264.55
65. 26.18535 91.77317 285.71
66. 26.18437 91.76755 274.73
67. 26.16165 91.78170 235.85
68. 26.18387 91.74662 260.42
69. 26.17929 91.76470 277.78
70. 26.17230 91.77992 239.23
71. 26.16425 91.77650 253.81
72. 26.17422 91.75918 268.82
73. 26.15813 91.78677 234.74
74. 26.14147 91.79957 214.59
75. 26.16657 91.76322 270.27
76. 26.17810 91.77727 260.42
77. 26.13491 91.80510 304.88
78. 26.17299 91.76301 357.14
79. 26.14380 91.78204 264.90
80. 26.12820 91.80667 292.40
318 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

81. 26.15613 91.78868 304.88

82. 26.13284 91.78539 263.16
83. 26.12945 91.80169 264.55
84. 26.15262 91.78667 231.13
85. 26.12091 91.78821 216.45
86. 26.14098 91.78667 248.76
87. 26.15343 91.79107 271.74
88. 26.11379 91.78621 246.31
89. 26.13844 91.77660 287.36
90. 26.17570 91.77977 251.57
91. 26.12110 91.76988 222.22
92. 26.13567 91.79333 280.90
93. 26.13999 91.76104 270.27
94. 26.11780 91.77639 204.92
95. 26.12552 91.78876 257.73
96. 26.14356 91.77450 225.23
97. 26.12259 91.78823 225.10
98. 26.12951 91.79430 280.90
99. 26.14289 91.77021 246.31
100. 26.16052 91.75964 241.55
101. 26.13330 91.82640 297.62
102. 26.11461 91.79327 267.38
103. 26.15819 91.81835 214.59
104. 26.13457 91.80951 259.07
105. 26.12234 91.80431 248.76
106. 26.15590 91.82724 251.26
107. 26.16614 91.82574 243.90
108. 26.13953 91.82994 273.22
109. 26.15677 91.83789 257.73
110. 26.17557 91.83054 219.78
Annexure VI 319

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

111. 26.13730 91.82093 285.71

112. 26.13135 91.67260 255.10
113. 26.18258 91.80232 270.27
114. 26.13245 91.81193 255.10
115. 26.12685 91.68861 241.55
116. 26.12910 91.67760 295.86
117. 26.14862 91.81223 271.74
118. 26.11473 91.74764 277.78
119. 26.11428 91.74064 256.41
120. 26.18015 91.81043 259.07
121. 26.10395 91.75164 234.74
122. 26.11338 91.72913 267.38
123. 26.178 91.80292 279.33
124. 26.11935 91.81679 282.49
125. 26.11518 91.71913 253.81
126. 26.18392 91.79392 270.27
127. 26.12281 91.82168 268.82
128. 26.12236 91.74914 271.74
129. 26.11922 91.68511 282.49
130. 26.10215 91.79817 263.16
131. 26.130 91.82118 250.00
132. 26.13719 91.6691 264.55
133. 26.13719 91.79117 251.57
134. 26.10799 91.71913 299.40
135. 26.12057 91.69611 252.53
136. 26.14931 91.67260 227.27
137. 26.11415 91.71882 232.56
138. 26.11652 91.70812 222.22
139. 26.20272 91.68222 223.21
140. 26.12770 91.81221 270.27
320 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

141. 26.11113 91.79567 299.40

142. 26.13567 91.79333 255.10
143. 26.14258 91.66810 277.78
144. 26.12057 91.71813 256.41
145. 26.19374 91.71749 236.97
146. 26.20335 91.67313 250.00
147. 26.12813 91.81169 276.24
148. 26.21956 91.73471 211.86
149. 26.22154 91.71588 227.27
150. 26.13763 91.65900 299.4
151. 26.21292 91.72890 261.78
152. 26.20357 91.71428 264.55
153. 26.22010 91.69906 289.86
154. 26.19980 91.71488 221.24
155. 26.18705 91.70547 232.56
156. 26.21166 91.70928 263.16
157. 26.18680 91.67834 212.77
158. 26.19978 91.72659 256.41
159. 26.19697 91.72600 253.81
160. 26.11761 91.82617 208.33
161. 26.22248 91.70677 232.56
162. 26.21036 91.73950 223.64
163. 26.21117 91.68965 314.47
164. 26.21898 91.72659 280.90
165. 26.20183 91.72322 243.90
166. 26.17940 91.74526 292.40
167. 26.20672 91.70496 265.96
168. 26.21031 91.71638 248.76
169. 26.18579 91.69515 199.72
170. 26.18240 91.68619 216.45
Annexure VI 321

Shear wave
Sl. No. Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E) velocity
(Vs30)(m/sec)

171. 26.18240 91.69445 260.42

172. 26.15342 91.69371 210.53
173. 26.18985 91.66978 235.85
174. 26.18406 91.66617 290.70
175. 26.15161 91.69443 250.00
176. 26.18217 91.67849 223.21
177. 26.18918 91.70176 277.78
178. 26.15486 91.74100 233.92
179. 26.18989 91.74735 257.73
180. 26.19969 91.69440 236.69
181. 26.16086 91.74903 240.00
182. 26.19750 91.75987 270.27
183. 26.18907 91.75780 292.40
184. 26.16324 91.76584 301.20
185. 26.18040 91.75342 270.27
186. 26.18488 91.75740 220.26
187. 26.16015 91.74101 270.27
188. 26.16733 91.75239 265.96
189. 26.17849 91.75786 284.09
190. 26.14839 91.74357 258.62
191. 26.17135 91.74653 289.69
192. 26.16959 91.77882 242.72
193. 26.14772 91.74207 257.73
194. 26.15284 91.73533 247.43
195. 26.18082 91.74796 234.74
196. 26.13603 91.73539 284.09
197. 26.137 91.74526 248.76
198. 26.12811 91.73819 294.11
199. 26.17859 91.82757 265.49
200. 26.18666 91.84341 280.9
 ANNEXURE VII
Soil Density at different depth
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude
1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.50 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.50 18.00 19.50 21.00 22.50 24.00 25.50 27.00 28.50 30.00

1 N 26.14167° E 91.66125° 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 1.85 1.85 1.87 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.35

2 N 26.15736° E 91.67229° 1.15 1.30 1.97 2.25 2.29 2.19 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.31 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.30

3 N 26.15273° E 91.65732° 1.50 1.40 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.76 1.76 1.65 1.70 1.71 1.80 1.94 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 1.89 1.91 2.20

4 N 26.14808° E 91.64718° 1.49 1.76 1.72 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 1.95 2.04 2.65 2.00 2.00 2.09 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25

5 N 26.14073° E 91.63915° 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.60 1.69 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.24

6 N 26.13753° E 91.62938° 1.14 1.45 1.78 1.58 1.58 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.98 2.10 2.20 2.21

7 N 26.12998° E 91.62280° 1.86 1.86 1.81 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.60 1.64 1.98 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26

8 N 26.12088° E 91.61617° 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.90 1.42 1.42 1.50 1.64 1.65 1.98 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25

9 N 26.10162° E 91.61213° 1.80 1.85 1.89 1.85 1.90 1.92 1.95 1.99 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.30

10 N 26.09853° E 91.60620° 1.99 1.95 1.95 1.93 1.93 1.99 2.00 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30

11 N 26.09957° E 91.59685° 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.44 1.51 1.50 1.76 1.82 1.98 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26 * *

12 N 26.10955° E 91.60723° 1.81 1.81 1.84 1.84 1.32 1.32 1.44 1.46 1.51 1.60 1.77 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 * * * * *

13 N 26.10744° E 91.59333° 1.35 1.60 1.71 1.81 1.85 1.90 2.20 2.20 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 * * *

14 N 26.11728° E 91.59867° 1.80 1.82 1.85 1.60 1.74 1.95 2.10 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.30

15 N 26.13875° E 91.60713° 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.72 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30

16 N 26.12150° E 91.60505° 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.61 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.81 1.90 1.90 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.22

17 N 26.13850° E 91.62132° 1.32 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.81 1.80 1.80 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25

18 N 26.14743° E 91.63057° 1.81 1.81 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.85 1.76 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.25

19 N 26.15033° E 91.63953° 1.93 1.93 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.89 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.30

20 N 26.16930° E 91.66760° 2.01 2.01 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.83 1.76 2.10 2.19 1.92 1.92 2.21
 324
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

21 N 26.16420° E 91.64974° 1.62 1.62 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.76 2.21 1.68 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.75

22 N 26.16909° E 91.68080° 1.10 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.82 1.50 1.20 1.81 1.81 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.27

23 N 26.14820° E 91.66824° 1.81 1.90 1.91 1.91 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.26

24 N 26.15969° E 91.68063° 1.44 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.71 1.79 1.82 1.82 1.78 1.88 1.96 2.20 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.22 2.22 * * *

25 N 26.16035° E 91.68913° 1.13 2.16 1.81 1.86 1.89 1.82 1.83 1.79 1.89 1.89 1.81 1.81 1.79 1.83 1.84 1.83 1.84 1.60 1.96 2.20

26 N 26.14802° E 91.67838° 1.45 1.82 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.81 1.84 1.90 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.30 2.30

27 N 26.13695° E 91.67352° 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.31 2.31

Seismic Microzonation Atlas

28 N 26.14543° E 91.68246° 1.85 1.81 1.75 1.92 1.84 1.84 1.84 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.30

29 N 26.15994° E 91.71165° 1.82 1.82 1.84 1.90 1.92 1.92 1.83 1.89 1.83 1.83 1.83 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.27 * * *

30 N 26.15052° E 91.68468° 1.10 1.67 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.79 1.79 1.80 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.27

31 N 26.17373° E 91.72914° 1.13 1.65 1.76 1.76 1.78 1.75 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.20 2.28 2.25 2.30

32 N 26.17079° E 91.72370° 1.12 1.70 1.70 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.78 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.71 1.71 1.71 2.20 2.20 * *

33 N 26.17092° E 91.76926° 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.50 1.55 1.55 1.57 1.70 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.75 1.76 1.76

34 N 26.16844° E 91.72948° 1.45 1.82 1.85 1.71 1.80 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.50 1.40 1.51 1.65 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.00

35 N 26.15103° E 91.73013° 1.93 1.93 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 * *

36 N 26.18119° E 91.77602° 1.10 1.60 1.60 1.84 1.92 1.96 2.19 1.92 1.96 2.20 1.92 1.95 1.92 1.86 1.92 2.10 2.14 * * *

37 N 26.15991° E 91.73655° 1.20 1.45 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.79 1.85 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.30

38 N 26.11085° E 91.78908° 1.12 1.44 1.46 2.02 2.02 1.85 1.92 1.91 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.78 1.46 1.48 * * * *

39 N 26.17793° E 91.77400° 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.20 2.20 1.80 1.80 1.70 1.91 1.72 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.73

40 N 26.16747° E 91.74498° 1.10 1.10 1.76 1.76 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.79 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30

41 N 26.17194° E 91.73618° 1.62 1.62 1.73 1.73 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.26

42 N 26.17378° E 91.77418° 1.82 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.89 1.87 1.97 1.87 1.85 1.86 1.85 1.88 2.20 2.20 2.24 2.25 1.81 1.82 1.82

43 N 26.17139° E 91.73836° 1.88 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.88 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.27

44 N 26.14195° E 91.72871° 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.72 1.78 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.28
 Annexure VII
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

45 N 26.17572° E 91.73512° 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.51 1.51 1.45 1.53 1.55 1.53 1.52 1.53 1.56 1.61 1.76 1.78

46 N 26.12717° E 91.72135° 1.93 1.93 1.95 1.95 1.77 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.30

47 N 26.18357° E 91.73866° 1.88 1.86 1.88 1.89 1.96 1.96 1.93 1.93 1.95 2.20 2.21 2..21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25

48 N 26.16684° E 91.77177° 1.82 1.82 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.83 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.95 1.98 2.20 2.20 2.22 2.22

49 N 26.18992° E 91.75242° 1.15 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.86 1.86 1.60 1.61 1.65 2.20 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25

50 N 26.18618° E 91.74863° 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.60 1.95 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.25

51 N 26.16974° E 91.75236° 1.44 1.55 1.60 1.75 1.75 1.73 1.76 1.73 1.73 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.73 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.25 1.80 1.81 1.89

52 N 26.17605° E 91.75524° 1.12 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.81 1.81 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30

53 N 26.18457° E 91.74117° 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.85 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.20 * *

54 N 26.18155° E 91.77837° 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.95 1.95 1.99. 2.20 2.20 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.85 1.58 1.80 1.85 1.88

55 N 26.18472° E 91.75443° 1.44 1.78 1.78 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.74 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.81 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.32

56 N 26.18798° E 91.73660° 1.40 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.79 1.79 1.75 0.50 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30

57 N 26.18906° E 91.79023° 1.12 1.12 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.65 1.65 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 * * * * * * * * *

58 N 26.18773° E 91.74272° 1.41 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.35 2.35

59 N 26.18668° E 91.76568° 1.12 1.75 1.75 1.70 1.98 2.27 2.27 1.71 1.71 1.91 1.91 1.75 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 * * * *

60 N 26.18640° E 91.78783° 1.13 1.92 1.92 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 2.20 1.85 1.85 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.85 2.20 2.20 2.20 *

61 N 26.16159° E 91.77460° 1.44 2.08 2.08 2.08 2.08 1.85 1.85 1.83 1.85 1.81 1.79 1.79 1.78 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30

62 N 26.18573° E 91.76258° 1.40 1.71 1.71 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.93 2.00 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.09 2.09 2.12 2.00 1.81 2.03 2.20

63 N 26.18482° E 91.77630° 1.89 1.89 1.91 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.35

64 N 26.15980° E 91.77876° 1.88 1.88 1.89 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.70 1.77 1.85 1.70 1.73 1.84 2.20 2.20 1.81 1.81 1.82 1.81 1.81

65 N 26.18535° E 91.77317° 1.50 1.70 1.68 1.65 1.69 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.91 1.92 2.20 2.20 * * * *

66 N 26.18437° E 91.76755° 1.85 2.05 1.60 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 1.68 1.70 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25

67 N 26.16165° E 91.78170° 1.75 1.77 1.76 1.89 1.89 1.85 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.92 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25

325
68 N 26.18387° E 91.74662° 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.84 1.84 1.85 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.32 2.33 2.35
 326
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

69 N 26.17929° E 91.76470° 1.12 1.19 1.60 2.07 2.08 2.08 1.91 1.74 1.79 1.79 1.72 2.20 2.12 2.11 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.22

70 N 26.17230° E 91.77992° 1.40 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.89 1.75 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.83 1.83 1.81 1.83 1.83 2.20 1.87 1.91

71 N 26.16425° E 91.77650° 1.15 1.15 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.84 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.87 1.86 1.60 1.97 2.20 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.28

72 N 26.17422° E 91.75918° 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.91 1.91 2.20 2.21 2.20 2.21 1.92 2.12 1.92 1.95 1.96 1.95 2.20 2.21 1.94 1.92 1.94

73 N 26.15813° E 91.78677° 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.79 1.65 1.66 1.61 1.59 1.67 1.65 1.65 1.57 1.65 1.65 1.65 2.20 2.20 2.24 2.26 2.26

74 N 26.14147° E 91.79957° 1.13 1.75 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.93 1.93 1.55 2.17 2.17 1.45 1.44 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.24 1.81 1.98 2.21

75 N 26.16657° E 91.76322° 1.89 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.92 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.25

Seismic Microzonation Atlas

76 N 26.17810° E 91.77727° 1.99 1.80 1.80 1.79 2.01 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.88 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.92 2.20 2.20 2.20

77 N 26.13491° E 91.80510° 1.68 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.99 2.09 1.93 1.84 2.20 2.20 2.00 2.07 2.07 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 1.92 2.20

78 N 26.17299° E 91.76301° 1.12 1.12 1.93 1.44 1.92 1.56 1.57 1.57 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 * * * *

79 N 26.14380° E 91.78204° 1.70 1.90 1.90 1.85 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.98 1.98 2.00 * * * * * *

80 N 26.12820° E 91.80667° 1.44 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.92 1.97 1.90 1.97 1.94 1.97 1.79 1.80 1.77 1.79 2.20 2.20 1.96 1.95 1.90 1.91

81 N 26.15613° E 91.78868° 1.80 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.09 2.09 2.20 2.07 2.03 1.97 1.91 1.95 1.77 2.10 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23

82 N 26.13284° E 91.78539° 1.58 1.80 1.99 1.88 1.89 1.89 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 1.82 1.80 2.07 1.82 1.82 2.20 2.22 2.23

83 N 26.12945° E 91.80169° 1.69 1.71 1.71 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 2.20 2.21 1.81 1.83 1.83 1.84 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23

84 N 26.15262° E 91.78667° 1.12 1.82 1.92 1.95 2.15 1.92 1.81 2.20 2.21 2.20 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.17 1.85 1.82 1.80

85 N 26.12091° E 91.78821° 1.80 1.81 1.80 1.12 1.51 1.51 1.57 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.80 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 2.20 2.21

86 N 26.14098° E 91.78667° 1.10 1.68 1.86 1.91 1.91 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.80 1.68 2.20 1.71 1.71 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 1.89 * *

87 N 26.15343° E 91.79107° 1.68 1.98 1.98 2.07 1.92 1.97 2.10 2.09 1.91 2.04 2.07 1.91 1.88 1.92 1.81 1.82 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.25

88 N 26.11379° E 91.78621° 1.45 1.68 1.70 1.72 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.72 1.98 1.76 1.71 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.72 2.20 2.21

89 N 26.13844° E 91.77660° 1.44 1.80 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.89 1.98 2.20 2.12 1.89 1.88 2.20 2.23 2.24 2.25 1.99 * * *

90 N 26.17570° E 91.77977° 1.76 2.05 1.91 2.05 2.10 2.05 2.05 2.11 2.12 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 * * * * * *

91 N 26.12110° E 91.76988° 1.44 1.71 1.82 1.69 1.70 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.81 1.88 1.88 1.88 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30

92 N 26.13567° E 91.79333° 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.20 2.02 2.02 2.02 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.96 1.95 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.35
 Annexure VII
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

93 N 26.13999° E 91.76104° 1.65 1.70 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.94 1.94 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.79 1.70 1.80 1.85 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20

94 N 26.11780° E 91.77639° 1.85 1.96 1.96 1.15 2.20 2.20 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.76 1.71 1.75 1.70 1.75 1.76 1.85 1.86 1.89 2.20 2.20

95 N 26.12552° E 91.78876° 1.54 1.90 1.80 1.80 1.78 1.91 1.92 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.87 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.29

96 N 26.14356° E 91.77450° 1.44 1.85 1.84 1.76 1.90 2.08 2.08 1.85 1.84 1.85 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.96 2.25 * *

97 N 26.12259° E 91.78823° 1.75 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.98 1.98 2.20 2.20 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.78 1.76 2.20 2.25

98 N 26.12951° E 91.79430° 1.20 1.20 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.87 1.90 1.87 1.87 1.85 1.76 1.78 1.81 2.17 2.17 2.18 1.94 2.20 2.20 2.21

99 N 26.14289° E 91.77021° 1.45 1.77 1.90 1.80 1.81 2.10 2.10 2.10 1.82 1.68 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.89 2.20 2.21 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.25

100 N 26.16052° E 91.75964° 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.71 1.73 1.70 1.70 2.20 2.20 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79

101 N 26.13330° E 91.82640° 1.76 1.92 2.20 2.20 1.67 1.92 1.90 1.92 1.95 1.92 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.76 2.20 2.21 2.23 * * *

102 N 26.11461° E 91.79327° 1.41 1.73 1.73 2.10 1.92 2.21 2.21 1.92 1.90 1.92 1.92 2.20 2.22 1.92 2.03 1.92 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.24

103 N 26.15819° E 91.81835° 1.68 1.68 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.71 1.71 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.26 2.30

104 N 26.13457° E 91.80951° 1.12 1.65 1.65 1.77 1.89 1.80 1.92 1.77 1.77 1.89 1.66 1.67 1.77 1.95 2.21 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30

105 N 26.12234° E 91.80431° 1.65 1.70 1.77 1.76 2.21 2.22 1.95 1.89 1.89 1.04 1.52 1.92 1.78 1.78 1.93 1.92 2.19 2.21 2.22 2.23

106 N 26.15590° E 91.82724° 1.65 1.65 1.76 1.77 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.71 1.71 1.90 1.96 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.26

107 N 26.16614° E 91.82574° 1.61 1.61 1.78 1.69 1.69 1.77 1.92 1.93 1.76 1.76 1.71 1.71 1.97 2.19 2.19 2.26 2.26 2.10 2.24 2.26

108 N 26.13953° E 91.82994° 1.62 1.76 1.80 1.92 1.92 1.95 1.76 2.20 2.20 1.80 1.76 1.76 1.96 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20

109 N 26.15677° E 91.83789° 1.92 2.02 2.02 1.92 1.92 1.88 2.19 1.44 1.44 1.75 1.76 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.92 1.95 1.95 1.95 2.20 2.22

110 N 26.17557° E 91.83054° 1.10 1.10 1.52 1.69 1.81 1.62 1.62 1.69 1.69 1.91 1.93 1.82 1.79 2.21 2.22 * * * * *

111 N 26.13730° E 91.82093° 1.44 1.76 1.79 1.80 1.75 1.89 1.89 1.89 2.20 2.20 1.74 1.74 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.93

112 N 26.13135° E 91.67260° 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.52 1.60 2.09 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.32 2.34 2.35

113 N 26.18258° E 91.80232° 1.60 1.79 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.78 1.80 2.20 2.20 1.86 1.85 1.87 1.90 2.20 2.20 2.20 * * * *

114 N 26.13245° E 91.81193° 1.65 1.92 1.92 1.68 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.77 1.78 1.58 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25

115 N 26.12685° E 91.68861° 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.80 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.90 1.90 1.76 1.76 1.78 1.78 2.20 2.20 2.20

327
116 N 26.12910° E 91.67760° 1.71 1.17 1.74 1.80 1.80 1.93 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 1.91 1.93 *
 328
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

117 N 26.14862° E 91.81223° 1.86 1.19 1.19 2.20 2.20 1.97 1.80 1.84 1.80 1.68 1.68 1.87 1.87 2.10 1.98 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.17 2.17

118 N 26.11473° E 91.74764° 1.51 1.45 1.45 2.02 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.20 2.30

119 N 26.11428° E 91.74064° 1.45 1.19 1.88 1.30 1.30 1.88 1.90 2.20 2.20 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.92 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.24

120 N 26.18015° E 91.81043° 1.95 1.60 1.75 1.85 1.80 1.95 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.43 2.20 2.20 2.25

121 N 26.10395° E 91.75164° 1.62 1.76 1.65 1.94 1.76 1.77 1.80 1.80 1.95 1.96 2.19 2.19 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.92 1.93 1.93 2.18 2.19

122 N 26.11338° E 91.72913° 1.21 1.76 1.68 1.68 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.22 2.22

123 N 26.17800° E 91.80292° 1.67 1.01 1.67 1.76 1.80 1.80 1.92 1.92 1.93 1.93 1.84 1.84 1.92 1.92 1.95 1.94 1.92 2.22 2.24 2.25

124 N 26.11935° E 91.81679° 1.60 1.60 1.95 1.80 1.80 1.92 1.93 1.92 1.93 1.92 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 2.20 1.44 1.80 1.80 2.21 2.22

Seismic Microzonation Atlas

125 N 26.11518° E 91.71913° 1.12 1.60 1.60 1.61 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.32 2.32

126 N 26.18392° E 91.79392° 1.60 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.68 1.92 1.94 1.93 2.21 1.99 2.21 2.21 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24

127 N 26.12281° E 91.82168° 1.69 1.75 1.80 1.84 1.80 1.84 1.94 1.95 1.92 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.94 1.92 2.00 * * *

128 N 26.12236° E 91.74914° 1.76 1.81 1.81 2.21 1.81 1.84 1.76 1.97 1.82 2.00 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.26

129 N 26.11922° E 91.68511° 1.83 1.83 1.61 1.80 1.99 1.99 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.28 *

130 N 26.10215° E 91.79817° 1.80 1.82 1.76 1.76 1.98 1.93 1.93 1.78 1.78 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21 1.82 2.15 2.17 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20

131 N 26.13000° E 91.82118° 1.95 1.95 1.80 1.76 1.80 1.97 2.19 2.21 1.97 1.93 1.66 2.20 2.22 2.25 2.27 2.30 2.30 * * *

132 N 26.13719° E 91.66910° 1.84 1.92 1.44 1.44 1.39 1.80 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.27 2.30

133 N 26.13719° E 91.79117° 1.31 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.60 1.60 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 * * * *

134 N 26.10799° E 91.71913° 1.44 1.44 1.89 1.93 2.07 2.20 2.21 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.31 2.33 2.35

135 N 26.12057° E 91.69611° 1.61 1.85 1.65 1.75 2.17 2.20 2.20 2.20 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.61 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30

136 N 26.14931° E 91.67260° 1.35 1.75 1.61 1.61 1.80 1.80 1.92 1.99 2.01 1.97 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.30 1.47 1.52 1.52 1.52

137 N 26.11415° E91.71882° 1.15 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.78 2.20 2.21 1.80 1.99 1.97 * * * * * * * * *

138 N 26.11652° E 91.70812° 1.70 1.70 1.77 1.75 1.76 1.79 1.80 1.85 2.20 2.20 2.20 * * * * * * * * *

139 N 26.20272° E 91.68222° 1.13 1.74 1.74 1.68 1.76 1.80 1.90 1.80 1.82 1.92 1.82 1.95 1.92 1.80 1.92 1.82 2.20 * * *

140 N 26.12770° E 91.81221° 1.14 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 2.20 2.20 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.85 1.85 1.87 1.87 1.85 1.89 1.89 1.91 2.20 2.20
 Annexure VII
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

141 N 26.11113° E 91.79567° 1.93 1.93 1.93 2.18 2.18 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 1.85 1.85 1.95 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.30

142 N 26.13567° E 91.79333° 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.89 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.35 2.35

143 N 26.14258° E 91.66810° 1.85 1.72 1.72 1.65 1.89 1.91 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.30 * * *

144 N 26.12057° E 91.71813° 1.44 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.85 1.81 1.93 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.30 * *

145 N 26.19374° E 91.71749° 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.35

146 N 26.20335° E 91.67313° 1.75 1.80 1.95 1.84 1.80 1.98 1.80 1.95 1.97 2.19 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.30 * * * *

147 N 26.12813° E 91.81169° 1.41 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.93 2.20 2.20 1.90 1.90 1.91 1.90 1.97 1.99 1.96 2.10 1.89 1.91 1.91 1.91 *

148 N 26.21956° E 91.73471° 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.26 1.49 1.68 1.68 1.80 1.91 1.91 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.28 2.30 *

149 N 26.22154° E 91.71588° 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.92 1.92 1.90 1.92 1.93 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.07 2.20 * * * *

150 N 26.13763° E 91.65009° 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.20 1.20 1.65 1.75 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.32 2.35 2.35 2.36 *

151 N 26.21292° E 91.72890° 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.81 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.24 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.30 * *

152 N 26.20357° E 91.71428° 1.51 1.84 1.85 1.83 1.84 1.82 1.89 1.91 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.31 *

153 N 26.22010° E 91.69906° 1.80 1.86 1.86 1.99 1.95 1.90 1.91 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.25 * * * * * *

154 N 26.19980° E 91.71488° 1.68 1.68 1.11 1.11 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.80 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.30 2.31

155 N 26.18705° E 91.70547° 1.79 1.79 1.92 1.84 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.80 1.86 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.25 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.35

156 N 26.21166° E 91.70928° 1.79 1.78 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.90 2.20 2.20 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.18 2.20

157 N 26.18680° E 91.67834° 1.40 1.40 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.89 1.89 1.61 1.61 1.61 1.95 1.82 1.84 1.96 1.96 1.99 2.01 2.01 1.99

158 N 26.19978° E 91.72659° 1.68 1.58 1.58 1.76 1.80 1.82 1.92 1.44 1.52 1.72 2.20 2.21 2.25 2.27 * * * * * *

159 N 26.19697° E 91.72006° 1.76 1.82 1.77 1.77 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.72 1.75 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.30 * * *

160 N 26.11761° E 91.82617° 1.65 1.68 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.97 1.99 1.97 1.99 1.92 1.97 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.95 1.97 1.92 1.97 1.99

161 N 26.22248° E 91.70677° 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.80 1.82 1.80 1.92 1.91 1.76 1.76 1.80 1.92 1.93 1.92 1.95 1.99 2.01 2.03 2.05 2.05

162 N 26.21036° E 91.73950° 1.68 1.78 1.78 1.44 1.52 1.60 1.95 1.30 1.68 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.60 1.76 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25

163 N 26.21117° E 91.68965° 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.97 2.12 2.15 2.13 2.19 2.17 1.95 2.02 2.00 1.99 2.20 1.97 1.65 1.65 2.00 2.02 *

329
164 N 26.21898° E 91.72659° 1.73 1.73 1.92 1.95 1.58 1.52 1.52 1.58 1.68 1.68 1.75 1.76 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.27 * * *
 330
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

165 N 26.20183° E 91.72322° 1.82 1.92 1.86 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.83 1.83 1.85 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.28 2.30

166 N 26.17940° E 91.74526° 1.08 1.11 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.52 1.67 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.27 * *

167 N 26.20672° E 91.70496° 1.39 1.44 1.34 1.34 1.58 1.52 1.58 1.87 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30

168 N 26.21031° E 91.71638° 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.58 1.65 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30

169 N 26.18579° E 91.69515° 1.12 1.12 1.43 1.43 1.72 1.72 1.80 1.86 1.90 * * * * * * * * * * *

170 N 26.18240° E 91.68619° 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.83 1.41 1.41 1.97 1.95 1.99 1.80 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.82 1.97 1.99 2.01

171 N 26.18240° E 91.69445° 1.68 1.66 2.09 2.09 2.09 1.60 1.60 1.52 1.52 1.46 1.44 1.54 1.99 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.70 1.76 1.70 1.84

172 N 26.15342° E 91.69371° 1.65 1.85 1.85 1.81 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.31 1.31 1.82 1.80 1.80 1.89 2.20 * * * * *

Seismic Microzonation Atlas

173 N 26.18985° E 91.66978° 1.68 1.80 1.76 1.90 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.93 1.65 1.65 1.99 1.97 2.01 2.04 2.04 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.25 2.25

174 N 26.18406° E 91.66617° 1.10 1.19 1.50 1.50 1.44 1.44 1.46 1.44 1.64 1.52 1.50 1.50 1.68 2.10 1.87 1.76 1.76 1.97 1.98 2.03

175 N 26.15161° E 91.69443° 1.10 1.68 1.67 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.50 1.90 1.92 1.68 1.68 1.65 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22

176 N 26.18217° E 91.67849° 1.20 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.76 1.86 1.92 1.80 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.68 * * *

177 N 26.18918° E 91.70176° 1.32 1.68 1.82 1.52 1.12 1.12 1.69 1.60 1.68 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.28 2.30 *

178 N 26.15486° E 91.70041° 1.68 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.48 1.78 1.99 1.93 1.93 1.94 1.55 1.59 1.60 1.77 * * * * *

179 N 26.18989° E 91.74735° 1.20 1.20 1.48 1.48 1.48 1.61 1.67 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.23 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.31

180 N 26.19969° E 91.69440° 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.92 1.92 1.54 1.92 1.92 1.97 1.99 2.04 1.95 1.92 1.76 1.92 2.21 * * * *

181 N 26.16086° E 91.74903° 1.85 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 1.95 1.80 1.95 2.20 2.21 2.22 * * * * * * * * *

182 N 26.19750° E 91.75987° 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.44 1.44 1.50 1.32 1.52 1.60 1.60 1.58 1.58 1.60 1.76 1.76 1.82 1.85 1.98 1.87

183 N 26.18907° E 91.75780° 1.72 1.72 1.92 1.80 1.76 2.05 2.01 2.00 2.01 1.92 2.05 2.04 1.92 2.01 2.21 2.21 * * * *

184 N 26.16324° E 91.76584° 1.70 1.85 1.85 1.97 1.97 2.12 2.17 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.60 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.12 *

185 N 26.18040° E 91.75342° 1.65 1.82 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.97 2.12 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24 2.24 2.26 * *

186 N 26.18488° E 91.75740 ° 1.37 1.37 1.68 1.55 1.68 1.68 1.80 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.85 1.88 1.90 1.90 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.24 *

187 N 26.16015° E 91.74101° 1.10 1.12 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.80 1.97 2.12 2.17 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.24 * * * * * * *

188 N 26.16733° E 91.75239° 1.60 1.77 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 2.19 2.20 1.92 1.95 2.20 2.20 1.99 2.19 2.19 2.20 1.67 1.77 1.70
 Annexure VII
Bore DENSITY (gm/c.c)
hole ID Latitude Longitude

189 N 26.17849° E 91.75786° 1.10 1.30 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.87 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.93 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 * * * *

190 N 26.14839° E 91.74357° 1.75 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.85 1.99 1.99 2.02 2.02 2.03 * * * * * * * * * *

191 N 26.17135° E 91.74653° 1.10 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.92 1.68 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.22 2.24 2.25 * * * * *

192 N 26.16959° E 91.77882° 1.10 1.10 1.12 1.77 1.77 1.85 1.90 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.73 1.73 1.95 1.95 2.02 2.20 2.20 1.98 1.98 1.98

193 N 26.14772° E 91.74207° 1.68 1.85 2.11 2.11 2.11 1.92 1.80 1.85 1.85 1.50 1.44 1.49 1.85 1.60 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20 * *

194 N 26.15284° E 91.73533° 1.10 1.68 1.83 1.76 1.92 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.20 * * * * * * * * * *

195 N 26.18082° E 91.74796° 1.68 1.81 1.81 1.68 1.68 1.80 1.80 2.09 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.26

196 N 26.13603° E 91.73539° 1.60 1.45 1.45 2.18 1.92 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.25 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.27 2.28 2.28 2.30 2.30

197 N 26.13700° E 91.74526° 1.01 1.65 1.75 1.75 1.60 1.80 1.97 1.85 1.87 1.95 2.02 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.24 * * * *

198 N 26.12811° E 91.73819° 1.12 1.92 1.92 1.97 1.97 1.92 1.99 1.95 1.89 1.89 2.20 2.20 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.30 2.17 2.15 2.17

199 N 26.17859° E 91.82757° 1.08 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.65 1.65 1.80 1.68 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.21 * * * * * * * *

200 N 26.18666° E 91.84341° 1.80 1.40 1.40 2.02 2.05 1.99 1.98 2.00 2.01 2.17 1.94 1.60 1.60 2.19 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.25

331
 ANNEXURE VIII

Factor of Safety at 200 Borehole locations

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

1 26.14167 91.66125 0.79

2 26.18139 91.66905 0.61
3 26.15273 91.65732 2.00
4 26.14808 91.64718 2.00
5 26.14073 91.63915 0.16
6 26.13753 91.62938 2.00
7 26.12998 91.6228 0.38
8 26.12088 91.61617 0.13
9 26.10162 91.61213 0.22
10 26.09853 91.6062 2.00
11 26.09957 91.59685 0.23
12 26.10955 91.60723 0.15
13 26.10744 91.59333 2.00
14 26.11728 91.59867 0.32
15 26.13875 91.60713 2.00
16 26.1215 91.60505 0.25
17 26.1385 91.62132 2.00
18 26.14374 91.6313 2.00
19 26.14869 91.64002 2.00
334 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

20 26.16634 91.66854 0.33

21 26.16104 91.65187 0.32
22 26.16871 91.68077 0.18
23 26.1482 91.66824 2.00
24 26.15969 91.68063 0.98
25 26.16035 91.68913 0.35
26 26.14802 91.67838 1.14
27 26.13695 91.67352 2.00
28 26.14543 91.68246 2.00
29 26.15994 91.71165 2.00
30 26.15052 91.68468 2.00
31 26.17373 91.72914 1.22
32 26.17079 91.7237 2.00
33 26.17092 91.76926 2.00
34 26.16844 91.72948 2.00
35 26.15111 91.73592 2.00
36 26.18119 91.77602 2.00
37 26.15861 91.73801 0.28
38 26.11085 91.78908 2.00
39 26.17793 91.774 2.00
40 26.16747 91.74498 0.36
41 26.17194 91.73618 0.64
42 26.18146 91.74272 2.00
43 26.17139 91.73836 2.00
44 26.14177 91.73309 2.00
45 26.17572 91.73512 2.00
46 26.12674 91.72171 2.00
Annexure VIII 335

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

47 26.17742 91.74059 2.00

48 26.16684 91.77177 2.00
49 26.18647 91.75336 2.00
50 26.18618 91.74863 0.54
51 26.16974 91.75236 2.00
52 26.17605 91.75524 2.00
53 26.18308 91.74365 2.00
54 26.18155 91.77837 2.00
55 26.18472 91.75443 2.00
56 26.202 91.76137 2.00
57 26.18906 91.79023 2.00
58 26.1849 91.75906 2.00
59 26.18495 91.76629 2.00
60 26.1864 91.78783 2.00
61 26.16159 91.7746 2.00
62 26.18573 91.76258 2.00
63 26.18482 91.7763 2.00
64 26.1598 91.77876 2.00
65 26.18535 91.77317 2.00
66 26.18437 91.76755 2.00
67 26.16165 91.7817 2.00
68 26.18387 91.74662 0.31
69 26.17929 91.7647 2.00
70 26.1723 91.77992 2.00
71 26.16425 91.7765 2.00
72 26.17422 91.75918 2.00
73 26.15813 91.78677 2.00
336 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

74 26.14147 91.79957 0.77

75 26.16657 91.76322 2.00
76 26.1781 91.77727 2.00
77 26.13491 91.8051 2.00
78 26.17299 91.76301 2.00
79 26.1438 91.78204 2.00
80 26.1282 91.80667 2.00
81 26.15613 91.78868 2.00
82 26.13284 91.78539 0.24
83 26.12945 91.80169 2.00
84 26.15262 91.78667 2.00
85 26.12091 91.78821 2.00
86 26.14098 91.78667 2.00
87 26.15343 91.79107 2.00
88 26.11379 91.78621 2.00
89 26.13844 91.7766 2.00
90 26.1757 91.77977 2.00
91 26.1211 91.76988 2.00
92 26.13567 91.79333 2.00
93 26.13999 91.76104 2.00
94 26.1178 91.77639 2.00
95 26.12552 91.78876 2.00
96 26.14356 91.7745 2.00
97 26.12259 91.78823 2.00
98 26.12951 91.7943 2.00
99 26.14289 91.77021 2.00
100 26.16052 91.75964 2.00
Annexure VIII 337

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

101 26.1333 91.8264 2.00

102 26.11461 91.79327 2.00
103 26.15819 91.81835 2.00
104 26.13457 91.80951 2.00
105 26.12234 91.80431 2.00
106 26.1559 91.82724 2.00
107 26.16614 91.82574 2.00
108 26.13953 91.82994 2.00
109 26.15677 91.83789 2.00
110 26.17557 91.83054 2.00
111 26.1373 91.82093 2.00
112 26.13135 91.6726 0.43
113 26.18258 91.80232 2.00
114 26.13245 91.81193 2.00
115 26.12411 91.68858 2.00
116 26.1291 91.6776 0.37
117 26.14862 91.81223 0.35
118 26.11473 91.74764 2.00
119 26.11428 91.74064 2.00
120 26.18015 91.81043 2.00
121 26.10395 91.75164 2.00
122 26.11338 91.72913 2.00
123 26.178 91.80292 2.00
124 26.11935 91.81679 0.93
125 26.11518 91.71913 2.00
126 26.18392 91.79392 2.00
127 26.12281 91.82168 2.00
338 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

128 26.12236 91.74914 2.00

129 26.11922 91.68511 2.00
130 26.10215 91.79817 2.00
131 26.13 91.82118 1.32
132 26.2009 91.75969 2.00
133 26.13719 91.79117 2.00
134 26.10799 91.71913 2.00
135 26.12057 91.69611 2.00
136 26.14931 91.6726 2.00
137 26.11415 91.71882 2.00
138 26.11652 91.70812 2.00
139 26.20272 91.68222 2.00
140 26.1277 91.81221 2.00
141 26.11113 91.79567 2.00
142 26.13567 91.79333 2.00
143 26.14258 91.6681 2.00
144 26.1171 91.71469 2.00
145 26.19374 91.71749 2.00
146 26.20141 91.6794 2.00
147 26.12813 91.81169 2.00
148 26.21956 91.73471 2.00
149 26.22154 91.71588 2.00
150 26.13763 91.65009 0.14
151 26.21292 91.7289 2.00
152 26.20357 91.71428 2.00
153 26.22502 91.70291 2.00
154 26.1998 91.71488 2.00
Annexure VIII 339

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

155 26.18705 91.70547 2.00

156 26.21166 91.70928 2.00
157 26.1868 91.67834 2.00
158 26.19978 91.72659 0.99
159 26.19697 91.72006 2.00
160 26.11761 91.82617 2.00
161 26.22248 91.70677 2.00
162 26.21036 91.7395 2.00
163 26.20227 91.62142 2.00
164 26.21898 91.72659 2.00
165 26.20183 91.72322 2.00
166 26.1794 91.74526 2.00
167 26.20672 91.70496 2.00
168 26.21031 91.71638 2.00
169 26.18579 91.69515 2.00
170 26.1824 91.68619 2.00
171 26.1824 91.69445 2.00
172 26.15342 91.69371 2.00
173 26.18985 91.66978 2.00
174 26.18406 91.66617 2.00
175 26.15161 91.69443 2.00
176 26.18217 91.67849 2.00
177 26.18918 91.70176 2.00
178 26.15486 91.70041 2.00
179 26.18365 91.74958 0.61
180 26.19969 91.6944 2.00
181 26.16086 91.74903 2.00
340 Seismic Microzonation Atlas

Sl. No. Lat (oN) Long (oE) Factor of Safety

182 26.20292 91.7625 2.00

183 26.17972 91.75775 2.00
184 26.16324 91.76584 2.00
185 26.1804 91.75342 1.36
186 26.18488 91.7574 2.00
187 26.16015 91.74101 2.00
188 26.16733 91.75239 2.00
189 26.17849 91.75786 2.00
190 26.14839 91.74357 2.00
191 26.17135 91.74653 2.00
192 26.16959 91.77882 2.00
193 26.14772 91.74207 2.00
194 26.15284 91.73533 0.40
195 26.18082 91.74796 1.03
196 26.13603 91.73539 1.12
197 26.137 91.74526 2.00
198 26.12811 91.73819 2.00
199 26.17859 91.82757 2.00
200 26.18666 91.84341 2.00