T.O.

D
MODERN, POST MODERN AND MILLENNIAL ARCHITECTURE

NAME: POOJA PRAKASH SALVI

5TH YEAR B.ARCH
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
It is a term applied to a group of styles of architecture which emerged in the first half of the 20th
century and became dominant after World War II.
It was based upon new technologies of construction, particularly the use
of glass, steel and reinforced concrete; and upon a rejection of the traditional neoclassical
architecture and Beaux-Arts styles that were popular in the 19th century.
Modern architecture continued to be the dominant architectural style for institutional and
corporate buildings into 1980s, when it was challenged by postmodernism.
POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally
cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a style until the late 1970s.

Modernist Architecture Postmodernist Architecture

Modernism is efforts to reconcile Postmodernism refers to the functional
principles underlying architectural and formalized shapes and spaces of the
design with rapid technological modernist style are replaced by diverse
advancement and the modernization of aesthetics.
society.
Major concept: Form follows function pluralism, double coding, flying
buttresses and high ceilings,
irony and paradox, and contextualism.
MODERN ARCHITECTURE

The Crystal Palace, 1851, was one of the first

buildings to have cast plate glass windows supported
by a cast-iron frame

The first house of

reinforced concrete
in Saint-Denis near
Paris, designed
by François
Coignet (1853)

The Home
Insurance Buildingin Chicago, by William Le Baron
Jenney, (1884)

The Eiffel Tower

being constructed
(August 1887-89)

The Fagus
Factory in Alfeld by Walter
Gropius and Adolf
Meyer (1911–13)

The Glass Pavilion in Cologne

by German architect Bruno Taut(1914)
POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE

Portland Building by
Michael Graves (1982)

Humana Building
in Louisville, Kentucky,
(1982)

Team Disney building in Burbank, California, (1986)

The Denver Public

Library by Michael
Graves(1995)

 Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans, by Charles

Moore, completed 1978

No 1 Poultry, an
office building and
shops in London,
by James
Stirling (completed
1997)

Sainsbury Wing of the National Galleryin London by Robert

Venturi (1991
CHARACTERSTICS
Common themes of modern architecture include:
• the notion that "Form follows function", a dictum originally expressed by Frank Lloyd Wright's
early mentor Louis Sullivan, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its
purpose
• simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination of "unnecessary detail"
• materials at 90 degrees to each other
• visual expression of structure (as opposed to the hiding of structural elements)
• the related concept of "Truth to materials", meaning that the true nature or natural appearance
of a material ought to be seen rather than concealed or altered to represent something else
• use of industrially-produced materials; adoption of the machine aesthetic
• particularly in International Style modernism, a visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines

THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

• Situated in Manhattan,
New York City, it is the
permanent home of a
renowned and
continuously expanding
collection of
Impressionist,
PostImpressionist,
early Modern and
contemporary art.
• Designed by Frank
Lloyd Wright, the
cylindrical building, wider
at the top than the bottom,
was conceived as a
"temple of the spirit".
• Its design was inspired
by a "Ziggurat"
Babylonian temple
pyramid,inverted.
• The Museum Guggenhein
exhibits a great difference
to the buildings in the
vicinity because of its
spiral shape, marked by the
mergeing of triangles,
ovals, arcs, circles and
squares, which correspond
to the conceptof organic
architecture

• Its unique ramp gallery extends up from

ground level in a long,
continuous spiral along the outer edges of
the building to end just under
the ceiling skylight.

• The materials used in its construction

were basically precast concrete
blocks. The white paint used on the
internal walls makes the works of art
stand out. The skylight is supported by
steel joints.
CHARACTERSTICS
The characteristics of postmodernism allow its aim to be expressed in diverse
ways.
• These characteristics include the use of sculptural forms, ornaments, anthropomorphism and
materials which perform trompel'oeil. These physical characteristics are combined with
conceptual characteristics of meaning, including pluralism, double coding, flying buttresses and
high ceilings, irony and paradox, and contextualism.
• The sculptural forms, not necessarily organic, were created with much ardor. Each building’s
forms are nothing like the conforming rigid ones of Modernism. These forms are sculptural and
are somewhat playful.These forms are not reduced to an absolute minimum; they are built and
shaped for their own sake.
• Postmodernism, with its sensitivity to the building’s context, did not exclude the needs of
humans from the building. The characteristics of Postmodernism were rather unified given their
diverse appearances. The most notable among their characteristics is their playfully extravagant
forms and the humour of the meanings the buildings conveyed.

HAROLD WASHINGTON LIBRARY

• The Harold Washington
Library Center is the central
library for the Chicago Public
Library System.
• The building contains
approximately 756,000 square
feet (70,200 m2) ofspace.
• Architects: Hammond,
Beeby and Babka.
• Exterior:-The exterior
evokes the design of the
Rookery, Auditorium and the
Monadnock buildings. The
bottom portion is made of
large granite blocks. Red
brick makes up the majority of the exterior. These two portions draw on the Beaux-Art style. On
the north, east and south sides of the build are five story tall arched windows.
 Between the windows are rope friezes.
The pediments and most of the west side
facing Plymouth Court are glass, steel and
aluminum with ornamentation hearkening
to the Mannerist style.the roof was
ornamented with seven large, painted
aluminum acroteria designed by Kent
Bloomer with owl figures by Raymond
Kaskey.

Elevation at western face

Detailed exterior elements

Interior:-
• All public doors lead to the lobby. The corridor goes east then south then west and opens south
to the lobby.
• The lower level houses the Cindy Pritzker Auditorium, Multi-Purpose Room and Exhibit Hall.
• The central lobby is two stories tall. On the east side, the Popular Library is housed.
• The second floor houses the Thomas Hughes Children’s library.

Plan of Harold Washington library

POST MILLENNIAL
Post millennial is known as Post-postmodernism. It is a wide-ranging set of developments
in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture which are emerging from
and reacting to postmodernism. Another similar recent term is meta modernism.

Santiago Calatrava
Spanish
Santiago Calatrava, Milwaukee Art
Museum (USA), 2001
• Art Museum
• Organic / Sculptural Form
(“bird-like” / “boat-like”)
• Kenetic Architecture (the
roof moves – opening and
closing according to the
weather conditions)
• Connects the building on
Lake Michigan to the city
with a bridge

Zaha Hadid
Born in Iraq/ Lives in London
• Only Woman to receive the Pritzer Prize in
Architecture (most important award for
architects)
• MAXXI refers to 21st Century
(RomanNumerals XXI)
• Contemporary Art Museum
• Overlapping of geometric shapes
• Deconstructivist / Postmodernist Zaha Hadid,
MAXXI Art Museum (Rome,Italy), 2009
 British Council DelhiHeadquarters, launch of Mix
The City, 6 April 2017

Jawahar Kala Kendra,

Champalimaud
Foundation
Centre, Lisbon

Ismaili Centre, Toronto

VIA West57

New York (2016)

Bjarke Ingels
Group (BIG)

The Dr. Chau Chak Wing Building

Sydney, Australia (2014)
Frank Gehry
MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY