G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD

Specification for Pond Reclamation

7 October 1999

SPECIFICATION FOR POND RECLAMATION

1.0 GENERAL

This section of the Specifications covers earthworks in pond areas. The treatment of the pond
and other soft ground areas specified in the drawings shall include part or all of the following
operations in the sequence shown :-

i) Clearing, grubbing and disposal of all vegetation and debris at the sides and bottom of
the ponds.

ii) Dewatering of pond water and removal of soft material through excavation or dredging
to the extent as specified in the drawings. However, if conditions are favourable the soft
material may be removed by displacement methods with prior approval from the
Engineer.

iii) Removal and disposal of existing slurry or as a result of disturbance.

iv) Laying of geotextile separator.

v) Placement of initial layer of sand fill.

vi) Filling of rest of pond to the proposed finished level with suitable material, under dry
condition, well compacted in layers as per the Earthwork Specification.

vii) Place extra fill as surcharging material as specified in the drawings.

viii) After a rest period stipulated in the drawings, removed the excessive material.

The details of the above operations may also be revised by the Engineer if site conditions so
warrant. Supplementary soil investigation shall be required at locations as indicated by the
Engineer. This soil investigation shall be carried out prior to, during and after the treatment
works.

2.0 REMOVAL OF SOFT MATERIAL

2.1 Dewatering of the Ponds

Where dewatering procedure is followed, the clear water in the ponds shall be completely
removed. Towards the end of dewatering, the slurry at the bottom of the ponds may be removed
at the same time if the Contractor submits a sound proposal for the approval of the Engineer.
Wherever possible, the water in the ponds shall be drained away in temporary open channels
leading to an approved outfall or soakaway. Where the invert level of the channel inlet is higher
than pond bottom level, pumping will be required.

The rate of dewatering shall be controlled so as to avoid collapse of the sides of the pond. The
Contractor shall be required to submit his calculations to substantiate the stability of the sides of
the ponds during dewatering. Pumping shall be continued during filling of suitable material to
maintain a dry working condition.

2.2 Clearing of Vegetation and Debris

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G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD
Specification for Pond Reclamation
7 October 1999

All vegetation and debris at the pond bottom and sides are to be cleared in the manner as
described in the Earthwork Specification.

2.3 Removal of Soft Material

Where specified, removal shall be to the limits specified in the drawings. Removal of soft
material shall be by dredging or other approved suitable methods. Detail method of statements
shall be submitted to Engineer for approval. The excavated soft material may be reused after
using treatment methods approved by the Engineer. Alternatively, the material may be
disposed at an approved off-site dumping area.

2.4 Removal and Disposal of Slurry

The slurry is defined as material with unit weight ranging from 11kN/m3 to 13.4kN/m3. The top
of the slurry level shall be established by a density probe consisting of an enclosed steel box
with bulk density of 11kN/m3. The material removed shall be treated to render it usable or
disposed off at an approved dumping site. The method of removal by pumping or other means
shall be approved by the Engineer. The removal shall be carried out with a minimum
disturbance to the rest of the pond bottom material. Removing of slurry shall begin at higher
levels and working towards the lower levels.

3.0 GEOTEXTILE SEPARATOR

A geotextile separator furnished is to be laid at the bottom of the ponds after removal of slurry
and prior to commencement of pond filling. Where necessary, geotextile separator shall be laid
with fascine mattresses at the Contractor's own cost.

3.1 Material

All geotextile shall be from an approved manufacturer and shall be manufactured from
polypropylene. Geotextiles shall be sufficiently durable and resistant to naturally occuring
chemical, fungi and bacteria when installed in contact with the material to be separated.
Geotextiles shall be free of any flaws, which may have an adverse effect on the physical and
mechanical properties of the geotextiles.

Geotextile fabrics shall be non-woven needle punched staple fiber geotextile in accordance with
the Specification and shall be used as shown and described on the Drawings or as directed by
the Engineer. The type of geotextile fabrics as shown or as described on the Drawings shall
comply with the following properties as listed in table below:

ITEM PROPERTIES TEST METHOD UNIT VALUE

2
1 Unit Mass ASTM D5261-92 g/m >270
2a Tensile strength ASTM D4595-86 kN/m >17
2b Elongation at break ASTM S4595-86 % >50
3 Trapezoidal tear strength ASTM D4533-91 N >435
4 CBR punture resistance DIN 54307 N >3000
5 Permeability at 100m head BS 6906/3 l/m2/s >100
6 Apparent pore size O95 ASTM D4751-87 micron <120

The above properties shall not be altered being in continuous contact with water.

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G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD
Specification for Pond Reclamation
7 October 1999

The Contractor shall in addition provide the following information, for the approval of the
Engineer for the acceptance of the geotextile fabric for the works.

a) Manufacture's certificate which shall include :

- Name of Manufacturer
- Product name and type

b) Test certificate which shall include :

- Mass Per Unit Area
- Wide Width Tensile Strength (longitudinal/transverse)
- Elongation (longitudinal/transverse)
- Apparent Pore Size (O95)
- Trapezoidal Tear Strength
- CBR Puncture Resistance

The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the codes of Practices and Standards as
provided within this Specification, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

Prior to installation and at the discretion of the Engineer, samples of each 10,000m2 of
geotextile fabric shall be selected for routine test at approved testing laboratories.

The properties to be tested shall comprise index properties including unit mass, mechanical
properties including tensile strength, CBR Puncture Resistance and hydraulic properties
including pore size and permeability. Where the individual samples fail to satisfy the
requirements of this Specification on the geotextile fabric, the roll from which the sample is
obtained shall be rejected. Two additional samples are then selected from two other rolls from
the same batch of geotextile fabric. If either of these two additional samples fail to comply with
the requirements, the entire batch represented by the samples shall be rejected.

3.2 Geotextile Packaging and Storing

The geotextile rolls shall be furnished with suitable wrapping for protecting against moisure and
extended ultra-violet exposure prior to placement. Each roll shall be labelled or tagged to
provide product identification sufficient for field identification as well as inventory and quality
control purposes. If stored outdoors, they shall be elevated and projected with a waterproof
cover.

3.3 Site Preparation

Prior to the laying of the geotextile fabric, site clearance shall be carried out in accordance with
the Specification and Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. All voids shall be filled with
suitable material and the area cleared of large stones and exposed tree root systems or other
such like protrusions.

3.4 Installation

Geotextile fabric shall be installed to the shape and requirements as specified herein or as
shown and described on the Drawings. The geotextile separator shall be laid in as close contact
with the pond sides and bottom as possible. The geotextile shall be unrolled smoothly on the
prepared ground as approved by the Engineer and generally in a direction perpendicular to the
edge of the platform, embankment or area of fill as approved by the Engineer. Adjacent
geotextile rolls shall be overlapped and sewn in accordance with this Specification. On curves
and corners geotextile may be folded or cut to conform to direction as approved by the
Engineer. Overlapping of geotextiles without sewn connections shall only be allowed with the
approval of the Engineer.

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G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD
Specification for Pond Reclamation
7 October 1999

Geotextile fabrics shall be placed just in advance of placement of the specified overlying fill
material. The relevant fill shall cover Geotextiles so placed within seven (7) days of being
placed. Installation proposals and trials as deemed required shall be carried out for approval by
the Engineer prior to the acceptance of the placement method for the main works. The
installations trials shall include the placement operations of the overlying fill materials, including
excavation of such materials thereafter for examination of the geotextile fabric installation and fill
materials placement method in respect of the prevailing ground conditions and constraints.

3.5 Sewn Seams

The geotextile fabric shall be jointed using an approved portable industrial sewing machine and
by sewing a double chain stitch with flat or "prayer" seam (minimum lap of 50mm) with high
tenacity polyester threads and a minimum of 3.5 stitches per inch. The thread shall have a
breaking load of not less than 19 kg. The sewn seam assembly and construction shall have
equivalent strength properties not less than 80% of the geotextile fabric. Samples of such sewn
seam assembly shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D4884-90 as deemed necessary by
the Engineer.

3.6 Bamboo Fascine Mattress

Bamboo mattress shall be fabricated with fascines of bamboo between 5 to 10cm diamater, in
two layers, one layer perpendicular to the other layer, binded at the crossings by the cords of
the geotextile. The bamboo shall be equally spaced in both directions to suit the vertical spacing
as shown in the drawings. The spacings of the bamboo fascine shall be no more than 1m
unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

The fascines can be composed from smaller bamboo diameters and mechanical binded
together with wires or polypropene cords till fascines with a diameter between 5 to 10cm. The
bamboo rods had to be splice lapped, not lapped all in the same cross-section, to give them
sufficient pulling strength.

Unroll geotextile directly over the prepared bamboo mattress. The geotextile shall be sewn in a
manner described in Clause 3.5 to form a large manageable sheet prior to placement over the
bamboo. Alternatively, sewing of geotextile can be carried out simultaneously during placement
of geotextile on the bamboo mattress.

4.0 SAND BLANKET

4.1 Sand Fill Material

The initial and foundation sand fill and part of the embankment fill shall comply with the following
grading requirements :-

B.S. Sieve Size % by Mass Passing

10 mm Up to 100%
5 mm Not more than 85%
600 microns Not more than 45%
75 microns Not more than 5

4.2 Filling

The specified overlying fill material on the geotextile fabric, shall be placed in accordance with
the requirements shown and described on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The
procedure adopted for the deposition of the initial sand fill shall be such that stability of fills are
maintained and heave minimised.

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G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD
Specification for Pond Reclamation
7 October 1999

An initial sand fill of thickness 0.5m shall be spread over the geotextile separator in a single lift.
The fill shall be placed starting from the lowest levels and working upwards. Further sand fill
shall be carried out in layer not exceeding 0.5m until the specified sand blanket thickness has
been reached. The foundation fill shall be placed in even horizontal layers until the top level is
reached. At no juncture shall any part of the fill be more than 1.0m higher than the rest of the
current fill.

No traffic shall travel directly on the geotextile and there shall be no sudden stops, starts or
turns on the fill materials by the construction equipment or other such actions, which may cause
damage to the geotextile.

5.0 SUITABLE FILL

Suitable fill material shall be placed over the sand blanket as per the Earthwork Specification.
Pumping shall be maintained for a dry working condition.

6.0 CONTAINMENT BUNDS

For partially reclaimed ponds, containment bunds shall be constructed prior to reclamation of
the pond.

The bunds shall be formed by sand fill using displacement method. Sand fill can be placed by
pumping or method approval by the Engineer. The sand fill that replaces partly or completely
the soft material shall be considered the base section. The base section shall not be smaller in
dimension than as shown in the Drawing. The Contractor in his filling procedure, shall maintain
adequate width and height of fill so as to attain the dimensions of base section as shown on the
Drawings.

After filling the Contractor shall ascertain that the specified bund dimensions have been
attained. If the dimensions have not been achieved the Contractor shall propose methods to
improve that section to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

Upon reaching the finished level, sheet piles shall be installed along the centre line of the
containment bund as per the Drawings.

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G&P GEOTECHNICS SDN BHD
Specification for Pond Reclamation
7 October 1999

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description Page

1.0 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................PRS1

2.0 REMOVAL OF SOFT MATERIAL.............................................................................................PRS1
2.1 Dewatering of the Ponds .............................................................................................PRS1
2.2 Clearing of Vegetation and Debris ..............................................................................PRS2
2.3 Removal of Soft Material .............................................................................................PRS2
2.4 Removal and Disposal of Slurry ..................................................................................PRS2
3.0 GEOTEXTILE SEPARATOR ....................................................................................................PRS2
3.1 Material .......................................................................................................................PRS2
3.2 Geotextile Packaging and Storing ...............................................................................PRS3
3.3 Site Preparation ..........................................................................................................PRS3
3.4 Installation ...................................................................................................................PRS3
3.5 Sewn Seams ...............................................................................................................PRS4
3.6 Bamboo Fascine Mattress ..........................................................................................PRS4
4.0 SAND BLANKET.......................................................................................................................PRS4
4.1 Sand Fill Material ........................................................................................................PRS4
4.2 Filling ...........................................................................................................................PRS4
5.0 SUITABLE FILL ........................................................................................................................PRS5
6.0 CONTAINMENT BUNDS .........................................................................................................PRS5

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